The Water and Sanitation Project in Nkanu East Local ...pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00N4PN.pdfTCCC/USAID Water and Development Alliance (WADA) The Water and Sanitation Project in Nkanu

TCCC/USAID Water and Development Alliance (WADA)

The Water and Sanitation Project in

Nkanu East Local Government Area

(LGA) of Enugu State, Nigeria

Close Out Report (July 2009 – July 2011)

Society for Family health

November 2011

I. Project Summary

Project Name The Water and Sanitation Project in Nkanu East Local Government Area (LGA) of Enugu State

Country

Nigeria

Communities in Nkanu East LGA of Enugu State (Amechi Idodo, Akpawfu, and Nkerefi)

Project Duration

24 months

July 2009 – July 2011

Activities summary

Improving household water quality and hygiene practices and drilling boreholes to increase access to water, hygiene and sanitation, constructing communal latrines to increase access to improved sanitation for school children, and distributing point-of-use-water disinfectants.

Total project Funding

$700,000 total committed - $350,000 (USAID) - $350,000 (The Coca-Cola Africa Foundation)

GETF: provided $527,000 in cash to Society for Family Health (SFH) SFH: provided $80,000 in kind for the implementation of the project

Implementing Partner(s)

Type of organization

Funding received

Role in project

Point of contact

Society for Family Health

NGO

$527,000

Overall coordination and implementation of project

Coca Cola and USAID partners:

Role in project

Pont of contact

Coca-Cola Nigeria (through TCCAF)

Project monitoring and oversight, launch planning

USAID/Nigeria

Monitoring of implementation of activities, launch planning

External partners and roles :

Type of organization

Role in project

Point of contact

Nkanu East Local Government

Local government

Contributing in-kind support and monitoring for project

II. Project Achievements, Issues and Resolutions

Objectives and Milestones Final Report

Objective 1

Increasing community

access to improved water

sources by the drilling of

boreholes in selected

communities.

Achievements:

A total of six shallow boreholes were drilled in the three project communities of Nkanu East LGA of Enugu state.

Issues and Resolutions:

The unfavorable geology encountered in one of the project communities (Amechi Idodo) made it difficult to obtain water with suitable quality and in sufficient amounts. Hence the borehole was reassigned to another community (Nkerefi) with larger population.

Objective 2

Increasing community access to basic sanitation hygiene by the construction of latrines in selected communities.

Achievements:

Twelve blocks of sex-segregated, pour-flush, communal latrines were constructed in all three project communities. The latrines were situated in busy sections of the community (i.e., markets and village squares).

The project carried out behavioral change activities using the Community Led Total Sanitation (CLTS) approach to promote household latrine construction and reduce open defecation in the communities.

The uptake of latrine construction by the communities was good with about 50% increase in latrine construction within the community.

Issues and Resolutions:

Contractors engaged for the project did not deliver the infrastructure on time due to funding constraints (lack of sufficient advance funds available to purchase materials).

SFH provided the contractors with installmental payments to enable them deliver the infrastructure.

Objective 3

Strengthening, where

appropriate, community-

based structures to ensure

community ownership and

sustainability of the project

Achievements:

The project supported each community to establish water, hygiene and sanitation committees (WASHCOMS) to oversee the management and maintenance of the project facilities.

Volunteer Hygiene promoters (VHPs) and sanitation taskforces were set up and trained to promote and facilitate hygiene and sanitation uptake in the communities

Issues and Resolutions:

Motivation of taskforces and volunteers was a challenge as most volunteers complained about the time and effort required to promote sanitation and hygiene milestones

within the community.

The project provided VHPs and Taskforces with promotional materials and information, education, and communication (IEC) materials.

Regular meetings were also organized for WASHCOMS and VHPs to motivate and discuss issues encountered during hygiene and sanitation promotion activities.

Objective 4

Improving household hygiene and water quality thereby reducing diarrhea and other waterborne illnesses by the promotion and distribution of affordable point-of-use water disinfectant products (WaterGuard and/or PUR) in the communities.

Achievements:

The project promoted two point-of-use (POU) water disinfectants (PUR and WaterGuard) in all project communities and the LGA at large.

A total of 8345 sachets of PUR and 3815 bottles of WaterGuard were sold within Nkanu East LGA and its environs, totaling 2,944,700 liters of water treated.

POU water disinfectants were also used in the project schools for the daily treatment of drinking water in all classrooms. The water treatment activities were led by the school WASH clubs.

Issues and Resolutions:

Lack of a project vehicle made it difficult for the team to carry out their daily activities for the promotion of the POU disinfectants as well as the execution of other project activities.

SFH hired local vehicles to convey project staff to the field for project implementation.

Objective 5

Increasing access of school

children to improved

hygiene and sanitation

facilities by the construction

of culturally appropriate

school latrines.

Achievements:

A total of six blocks of sex-segregated, pour-flush latrines were constructed in the three project schools. Each latrine block was fitted with rain water harvesters for the collection of rain water for hand washing and personal hygiene.

Issues and Resolutions:

The security and maintenance of the latrine blocks when the schools are not in session was compromised.

SFH met with the communities and supported them to engage security personnel for the safeguarding of project facilities and pay them from the funds levied to all households for borehole and latrine maintenance.

Objective 6

Increasing access to

improved water sources by

drilling boreholes in selected

Achievements:

Three shallow borehole fitted with Mark III hand pumps were drilled in the three project schools.

schools.

Objective 7

Establishing school health

programs to promote basic

sanitation and hygiene

behaviors with focus on

children as agents of change

in their homes and

communities.

Achievements:

WASH clubs were established in all three schools with participation from pupils in the classes of primary 3-6.

Various interactive activities and class trainings were carried out with the pupils to equip them with the knowledge and awareness of relevant and appropriate hygiene and sanitation issues. The children were also equipped to act as change agents in homes, schools and community at large.

Interschool Quizzes on WASH issues were conducted for all project schools.

Issues and Resolutions:

The poor infrastructure in the project schools did not provide a conducive environment for project activities. The project carried out advocacies to the local government and state and two of the project schools were provided with new buildings, repaired roofs and classroom furniture.

III. Monitoring and Evaluation

WADA Global Indicators

S/N

WADA Global Indicators

Outputs and Outcomes (disaggregated as appropriate)

Measurement Methodology

T1-1

Number of people in target areas with access to improved drinking water supply as a result of program assistance

4500 persons (2273 males

and 2227 females

The Nigeria national water policy limit of between 350-500

users per borehole NPC Pop census estimate 2006

T1-2

Number of people in target areas with access to an improved sanitation facility as a result of program assistance

1000 persons(505

males and 495 females)

Household monitoring report NPC Pop census estimate 2006

T1-3

Number of school children in target areas with access to an improved sanitation facility as a result of program assistance

1927 pupils ( 973 males and 954 females)

Population of schools implementing the project NPC

Pop census estimate 2006

T1-4

Liters of drinking water treated with program-supported methods for point-of-use application as a result of program assistance 2,944,700

SFH Sales report in Enugu state

T1-5

Percentage increase in compounds with absence of visible feces in program target communities as a result of program assistance 50.73%

Baseline and Exit evaluation using access to improved

latrines as proxy

T1-6

Percentage of compounds in program target communities with a hand washing station as a result of program assistance

T1-7

Number of community water and sanitation committees established and trained with program assistance 9

MOUs Signed

T1-8

Number of policies, laws, agreements, regulations, or investment agreements promoting sustainable water supply and sanitation that are implemented as a result of program assistance 4

Physical copies of MOUs signed with communities and LGA WES

unit

T1-9

Number of positive external media publications, awards, or public recognition involving the Alliances’ activities 3

Copy of publication and jingles produced on alliance/project

activities

IV. Environmental Mitigation

Potential impact Mitigation measures Dates Monitored/Problems Encountered/Mitigation Effectiveness

Activity: Construction of small scale water supply and sanitation infrastructure

Improper siting of facilities could damage or destroy natural ecosystems

Disturbance of soils and vegetation and leakages from pipes and weak topography could cause erosion

Improper siting could create or

exacerbate conflict over water

resource allocation

Survey will be done to avoid siting of all water supply and sanitation infrastructure in sensitive ecological areas.

Construction sites will be carefully selected to minimize damage to vegetation that could cause erosion. Data on soil type will be gathered to determine the potential for significant erosion. Any vegetation that is damaged during construction will be replanted before the conclusion of the project.

Construction procedures will follow USAID

guidelines and construction workers will be monitored to ensure best practices in construction are maintained and followed.

Proper bedding materials will be used for the pipes.

Assessment for project communities was carried out to ensure the facilities were sited in locations that were acceptable to the community and did not disrupt or damage the natural ecosystem. This was done before commencing construction in February- March 2010 and also throughout the construction phase of the project which spanned from May 2010 to February 2011. All construction procedures were carried out following best construction practices and the bedding materials used for construction were inspected and verified by SFH and WES before use by the contractors.

A DRA approach will be used for the selection of project communities to ensure transparency and self selection.

The Demand Response approach was used for the selection of the three project communities within the Local Government Area and this was carried out in September 2009.

Improper design or utilization of project water points could lead to depletion of ground water resources

Hydro geological analysis will be conducted prior to constructing the water point to certify that the yield of each well is sufficient for the anticipated demand.

Facilities will be strategically located to ensure

local warden is available to regulate water use at the points to avoid overuse or wastage.

WES committees will monitor and repair leaks

from cracked containment structures, broken pipes, faulty valves and similar structures to eliminate sources of water wastage. Plumbers will be trained by the Enugu State Water and Sanitation Agency to oversee the maintenance and operation of the water facilities.

A geophysical and hydro geological survey was carried out before construction commenced in all three project communities. (see attached report). Another was carried out when one borehole was relocated from Amechi Idodo to Nkerefi. Each community WASHCOM was made to select borehole supervisors/caretakers for each borehole in the community and the boreholes are locked at non peak times by the borehole supervisor in each clan/village where the Borehole is located. The WASHCOM in each community initiated a token contribution for each household within the community to be used for maintenance of the borehole and the latrines. The WASHCOMs are supervised by the WES unit of the Local Government (LGA).

Improper siting, design or construction of sanitation facilities could lead to objectionable odors.

Hygiene promotion strategies will be developed to address cultural / social barriers to latrine use and prevent open defecation

CLTS methods will be used to foster community acceptance and engagement in the construction of the latrines. Such community buy-in will be important in maintaining the facilities and preventing damage and/or misuse over time.

Project technical specialists will review design of proposed latrines to ensure that

The WES unit and SFH utilized the CLTS methodology in the community to sensitize the community members to stop open defecation, adopt appropriate hygiene practices and build household latrines within the communities. Sanitation centers were established in each community to regulate and ensure that

they meet standards that will minimize objectionable odors.

household latrines constructed are of appropriate design and standards.

Creation of stagnant water near water collection points could create breeding opportunities for water-borne disease vectors

Improper design, siting or construction of water points could result from improper disposal of human and other biological wastes during the construction period

Improper design, siting or construction of water points could lead to natural or human-caused biological or chemical contamination of ground water sources causing increased human health risks, including: o High mineral/chemical levels

e.g. Arsenic o poor management of water

points and/or poor design of pipes leading to leakage and contamination of water with fecal matter dust particles and birds sheltering on the roof that contaminate cisterns (e.g., rainwater harvesting systems)

Depth of water table will be evaluated to ensure pit latrines are installed appropriately such that the water table is not contaminated.

Locations for latrines and boreholes will be selected with feedback from community members and local Water and Environmental Sanitation Committees

Water quality testing will be conducted on

all water points constructed to ensure that government quality standards are met and it is safe to drink, as well as to establish a baseline so that any future degradation can be detected. . Water samples collected will be taken to government laboratory or any competent water testing authority for physical, chemical and bacteriological analysis before being put in for any human consumption. The water quality assessment will test for: pH value, appearance, taste, turbidity, conductivity, arsenic, iron, magnesium, nitrate, copper, fluoride, free carbon dioxide, hardness, alkalinity, silica,

manganese, nitrate, ammonia cal nitrogen, and microbiological parameters.

Water quality assessments will include tests for the presence of arsenic as required by Guidance Cable State 98 108651 and articulated in the EGAT and Africa Bureau guideline document titled, “Guidelines for Determining the Arsenic Content of Ground Water in USAID-Sponsored Well Programs in Sub-Saharan Africa.” The project team will ensure that the standards and testing procedures described in this guideline document are followed for potable water points developed or renovated as part of project activities.

Activity will promote implementation of a long-term monitoring system in conjunction with the municipality:

Establish baseline of water quality through testing for chemical and biological contaminants in borehole water (P&D)

Ensure regular testing of water quality

Latrines were constructed with due consideration of the water table within the site/location. The community members in collaboration with SFH and the LGA WES unit selected all latrine and borehole site with due consideration of the geophysical and hydro geological investigations carried out. The Project stipulated during the DRA process for community selection that all communities would provide the land for all project facilities as part of their in-kind contribution. Water quality tests were carried out for all project borehole points to ascertain the quality of the water produced by the boreholes. The tests were carried out by the Enugu state rural water and sanitation agency (ENRUWASSA) (See water quality test results below)

Improper design, siting or construction of sanitation systems could lead to degradation of land habitats, or negative impacts to groundwater quality

The project was unable to get the communities to commit to carrying out water quality tests regularly as this is not feasible due to the lack of funds both within the community and the LGA. Communities were supported by the project to develop rules for the use of the facilities provided to ensure proper use and sustainability.

through incorporation of water testing in handover plan to municipality and community education (O&M)

Relevant local community rules and best practices and procedures of promotion of better environmental health will be developed and adhered to. Verification through site visits and photos would be done to assure practices are in accordance with local community rules and “best practices”

Systems could fall into disrepair or create environmental risks due to poor management

Community water and sanitation committees will be established and trained to manage, repair and maintain all water and sanitation points, including cost recovery and financial management. The training will include proper techniques for watering of livestock and hygiene education.

Training in sanitation and hygiene for water committees, communities, area based development groups, and/or municipal water board members will be carried out to: o Ensure community mobilization and

public awareness of human health risks associated with water-borne disease vectors

o Encourage the development of community responses that are environmentally sound, cost effective, and safe; and

o Ensure control over the management of the facilities and operations that WADA is supporting.

A Water Sanitation Committee was setup in all project communities by the project and each WASHCOM consists of nominees and volunteers. Village Level Operation and Maintenance training was carried out by ENRUWASSA for selected artisans and individuals selected by the community. Various trainings on hygiene and sanitation promotion were conducted by the project using the community led total sanitation approach. Awareness was created on the health risks waterborne and sanitation related illnesses within the community.

V. Water Quality Testing

VI. Direct Beneficiaries

Total Direct Beneficiaries and Explanation

[A]

Estimated Overlap and Explanation

[B]

Net Direct Beneficiaries [C] = [A]-[B]

172,375

The total population of the three

project communities based on

the household count, as well as

the population of the target LGA

where POU water disinfectants

were distributed by the project.

148,774

The project carried out

distribution of POU water

disinfectant products within the

entire Nkanu east LGA with the

above estimated population. The

three project communities are

also located within the LGA,

hence the overlap.

23,601

VII. Telling our Story

IMPROVING WATER, SANITATION

AND HYGIENE IN NKANU EAST LGA

OF ENUGU STATE

November 23rd

2010

Water Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH)

related health problems have become

prevalent in Nigerian society with children

under five being the worst affected. This led

the Society for Family Health (SFH) in

collaboration with The Coca-Cola Company

(TCCC) and USAID to implement a WASH

project in three rural communities in Nkanu

East Local Government Area (LGA) of

Enugu state. The project supported the

provision of water and sanitation

infrastructure as well as Behaviour Change

Communication (BCC) activities in

benefitting communities and schools.

Community water source

Community Led Total Sanitation (CLTS)

and the Safe Water System (SWS) strategies

were used to sensitize and empower

households, communities and schools to

adopt safe water, sanitation and hygiene

practices. The CLTS approach enabled the

target groups to analyse their hygiene and

sanitation profile and make positive efforts

to improve it through the construction of

household Ventilation Improved Pit (VIP)

latrines, open defecation reduction and

improved environmental cleanliness. The

SWS approach focused on safe water

collection, treatment (using water

disinfectants - PUR or WaterGuard) and

storage in households and in schools.

The project reached about 23,601

community members and 1884 primary

school pupils and also provided 9 boreholes

and 90 sex segregated latrines in target

communities and schools.

Household latrine

SFH Launches Water Sanitation and

Hygiene (WASH) Project in Enugu State

March 19th

2011

Following the successful implementation of

the WASH project which focused on

improving rural WASH in three rural

communities, SFH in collaboration with The

Coca-Cola Company (TCCC) and USAID

launched the WASH project in Amechi

Idodo community in Nkanu East LGA of

Enugu state.

The First Lady of Enugu state

commissioning the latrine blocks

The Hallmark of the launch was the handing

over of nine boreholes and 90 sex segregated

latrines provided by the project to the

benefitting communities and schools. The

event was graced by many dignitaries across

the country. The First Lady of Enugu State,

Mrs. Clara Chime, reiterated her passion and

commitment to the reduction of WASH

related illnesses within the state.

The First Lady of Enugu state

commissioning the borehole

Also present were SFH’s Board of trustees

President Justice I. Nzeako, SFH’s

managing Director Bright Ekweremadu, the

representative of the USAID mission

Director Howard Batson, the representative

of the Coca-Cola Managing Director, Mrs.

Irene Ubah, amongst others.

Improving school Attendance and

Performance in Amechi Idodo Community

November 2010

Chikaodili in her classroom

Chikaodili Chukwu is a native of Amechi

Idodo community, a primary 5 pupil of

Uzam community primary school and a

vibrant member of the school WASH club.

She is very glad with the borehole the SFH,

TCCC and USAID project brought to them

both in school and in the community.

The project has helped them in the daily

water treatment, hand washing practice,

and has brought big relief to them as

diarrhea incidence has reduced drastically

within their community.

It has also enabled her concentrate more on

her studies. In Chikaodili’s words: “instead

of us thinking on how to go and fetch water

before coming to school, we concentrate

more on their studies and fetch after school

from the borehole. Thank You SFH, Coca-

Cola and USAID”

Chikaodili using the borehole in the school

VII. Coca-Cola and USAID Partner Participation

USAID Mission The project contact person for USAID Mission has been very active in the provision of technical support to the project. A number of visits were made to the project site to monitor project progress. The USAID Mission was also actively involved in monthly conference calls as well as the planning of the project’s commissioning and handover ceremony held in March 2011.

Coca-Cola Bottler/PAC The contact person from The Coca-Cola Company assisted the project’s implementation efforts by providing technical inputs. Site visits were conducted to monitor project progress and TCCC was a regular participant in monthly conference calls. The Coca-Cola Company was also active in the planning of the commissioning and hand over of the project infrastructure to the communities.

VIII. Media/Awards

1. Copies of Project jingles have been sent to the USAID Mission, TCCC and GETF.

2. Press release on project commissioning and the alliance activities in Enugu state was done

independently by TCCC and USAID, as the project did not have approved funds for media.

IX. Sustainability

Measures of WADA’s Investment:

For the project just concluded in Nkanu east LGA, two of the project communities Nkerefi and Akpawfu

received the project enthusiastically and with support from SFH and the LGA developed strategies to

ensure the project’s sustainability. Amechi Idodo community on the other had experienced various

communal clashes during the implementation period and this had an impact on the extent of

enthusiasm for the project.

To facilitate project sustainability SFH ensured the following:

Establishment of Water and Sanitation Committees (WASHCOMs) in each community to oversee

project infrastructure and take the lead on hygiene and sanitation promotion within the

communities

Establishment of sanitation centers in each community for the construction of low cost and

culturally appropriate household latrine structures for uptake by the community members

Training on village level operation and maintenance for both latrine and borehole to enable the

community artisans take care of minor repairs on the project infrastructure

Payment of user fees by households in each community to ensure that money is generated for the

maintenance of the project infrastructure

Establishment of retail outlets for low cost point-of-use water disinfectants (PUR and Waterguard)

within the communities to facilitate the water treatment within the community

Towards the close out of the project’s implementation, the USAID mission and SFH discussed possibilities of an add-on project on improving water, sanitation and hygiene at the community level. The proposed project will provide communal boreholes and carryout behavior change communication activities within the target communities to improve personal and household hygiene, promote household latrine construction and reduce open defecation.

X. Overall Lessons Learned/Feedback

This section is for your completion.

The monthly project update phone calls held were very useful in keeping all project partners abreast of relevant issues on project implementation

Monthly reports focusing on project achievements was also very useful in ensuring that implementation process ensured that project targets were met.

Payment of contractors: Throughout the construction phase for this project, it was discovered that contractors did not have access to enough capital to purchase quality materials for construction. SFH decided to provide installments to the contractors to assist in the progress of the construction. In the future, SFH will ensure that contractors have sufficient funding up front, but will continue to hold a reserve to be paid after the successful completion of the construction works.

Water quality test results: The initial water quality results revealed high levels of fluoride that were above the WHO limit. However, the lab used did not report any issues with the water quality tests. In the future, SFH will review the results carefully and will confirm the results of all lab tests.

Security of water and sanitation infrastructure: As some of the infrastructure was vandalized soon after installation, SFH will develop a strategy to integrate security issues into community education in an effort to minimize vandalism of infrastructure

Choice of project communities: One of the three project communities selected had unfavorable geology and hence problems were encountered in trying to secure adequate locations for the siting of the boreholes for the project. SFH will ensure that for future projects, the strategy adopted for selection of communities would include a process to ascertain the availability of favorable terrain for project infrastructure before the community is finally chosen for implementation.