The War Illustrated 1939-11-18

8/3/2019 The War Illustrated 1939-11-18

1/32

--- ----- ---- - -- --- - - ----- - -.J~V;i\R'~c l l~~1!Q,ATEDVol. 1 A Permanent Picture Record of the Second 'Great War N o.. 10

The' O.rman ...oo"".I .... n... plan. thai 'w.e .ho\ down b~' R.A.F. flghl Inur Dalk.lth 0" October 28 I. b"lnO e",a,mlntd by Brill." " . r M . The first .nem),' ..I.or.'~ to 110. b.""lIhl down on Brltl.h .oil, It ftnally .t....k a hlllaide and w... " ... ~.Iy dam.,II_d. The mllc'l'Iln ..arrled a crew 01 tour, Qf w,h" ... tw" WUII 1011'1.lo, A .. ""ioJ,J l'rtu


2/32

Br itish Cava lr y inFrance-25 Y ears A go and Today

WHAT 8 COI'ltm.~t,resulting from the mechanization aftbo who performsimililf duties in Scotlandl, and the 1st DEagoontl.Army, is shown in these two photographs! In that Though from the spectacular point of view the disappearanceabove a cavalry regLment is seen in France in the autumn of of horses is regz:cttable, in. wart ime it is a change tbut. no1914, while below is Ii se-called "C8voby" regjtmem insnimal!-Iover can regret, for one of the tragedies of the In~tF'mnoe in October, 1939 . The whole of the British c a,, 'sixy w llr W I!.Sthe sWJering ,o f the horses, facing with BUC~patienthas noW been mechamzed, the exceptions being the House- eourage the terrers ,o f the battlefield. but ,only too oftenhold Ca.valry-that is.the JJiIe Guards and Horse Guorns, terribly injured by gunfire under cireumatances thllt made itwho perform ceremonial dutics .in England-the ScotaGreys, impos,uble that they could be quickly p u t , out of their m i B C E ' Y .Plio/os, r .. pniIJJ IV", lIt... " u . . . , anJ' .BrititA O./iri.l: c.......,Copy,i;lJ


3/32

N~ 18l11 . ]939 .201

I All ies & Neutrals Aw ait the N azis

.,,,,lIIn.',. North A'l'rlcan, .I'm,'"whloh num,b.".1I1n.!lrl, ,100,000' m.n,dld .,dmb'able rvl~, ,In,the I ' w.r .n,d Is .1"Ady ...In'I'ol'''[''1 theF nob'.'0'1),. Above, F,.anah c!ol""laltrQopaa". m.... h:lnlll'lo.... NI. th. 'ront.PlloI.o, J '1.a.Mt " ' I I R 'As Oc!obcr drew to its close GencmlWmter took o,veron the WesternFront. Snow appeared on theupper slopes of the Vosges IlUd] the BlackForest, lind tbe Rhine, swollen by Q,mouth of almost continuous rain. rosethroe foot and overflowed its banks.The "No-mtm's land" between thel 'ltagiuot and Siegfried] Lines" awcadychurned! up by the bemhardmenta of twomonths of war, was now converted intosomething little short of a mor1l.8S,and itwac., generaUy held Ulat the sticky soilwouldlpro~e an unsurmountable obstacleto the progre:'l3 of bmks andothcrponderous machines of' modem warfare.1'natl!he Germans had not yet givenup th e idea of an offensivG on a . large

From tbe North Sta " 0 Switzerland, along a front of some: .fivehundredmilcs, the Germans faced .3 formidable colleclim:l ofnations-some already their enemies; others neutral-as yet.rcale, however, was , suggested : b y thereports of huge concentrations of menand 'planes all along the Western Front.According to a Rome authority GermallYhad 18 divisions elong the Frenchfrontier, 12 alon,g the ,swi: !s frontier fmmBesle toLak.e Constance, and between75 and 80 divisions on the remainder ofthe front, iucluding 31divisi.ons in thePalatinate between Saarbruec.ken andKarlsruhe. Estimo.'ting a German divisionat bctw~n 10,000 and ]2,000 men, it willbe seen that II: total of more thana millionmen wag now massednear the WestwaU.It was understood tha.t the Fuehrerhimsel f WIliS in ac tual command of theGerB.lIII_U forces. and hisllppca.raucelltGodesberg, exactly opposite the middleof tbe fronti!lr between Germany audJJelgiuID. gave rise to rumours that hewas conte-;nplating launching an attackagaimt Belgium. In the light of such

'O"m.oul'l!l,", .. hleh o"ly ....h..v" It.rull d ~o,pm . '! " on '1 .1 '1 11 , .. " I I ll In th. I."" y ...0' th. lad,wal'. I. now 'ampIeIY" .... 'matt all' COU"H. In I'M_nl Iphotograph I n,gun ... ,..In '- baing" IPU\ -to .bed " b)"h,a"lnv camouftaged "Kling .d ...,,,_,o,,.. It. In "'a'photolll,.aph Im","la'.ly abon. Nat'.."'_lId th. .....m.r---p1'O"ld. camoll".g8 rOI' !I, ann,- G"" 1 1 1 , 'IuIIU beet fI,ld.Plotoo, B,il.is/i DDi .i fJ l . . C~" " '' ' Co f>yr ic l ll

rumou_l"S. King Leopold of the Be!'giansmade a f re s h d ecl a ra ti o n of h ia c ou nt ry '. 1 1 1neutrality,. aceom}laoied by the un -equivocal warning that: .. If wewel8attacked in violation of tho solemn 8.1ld!definite un.deltakillgsthat were given usin 1937 sud welle renewed at theout.setof the present war, we would not hesitate,1 : , 0 , figlit with the same conviction, butwith fo~cesten times stronger."An invasion of Belgium would almost>certainly involve the Nctherl3.nds, Ill! solittle outlying portion ofHolland lies rightIn. what would be the lice of advancefr,om Aachen . But the Dutcb, t o O o , leftno doubt that they wero wen preparedto meet Bny invasion.Holland, indeed, might be expected toreceive the attention of the Na.zi waflords. f ac ed w i th 't be nooe


4/32

on tho British Isles themselves. .. Nowthat the Fuehrer's outshetcb.ed band b I l l Sbeen rejected with. insulting lIrooganl:e,weapoDs mus t speak." Coupled with thereports 01 great troop concentranonebehiml the line there were stories oftbe most fantastic description o r tho" terrihle" weaoponswhich Germany wasa:bout to launch against Briwin.The nature of these weapons wa.~officially undisclosed, but one was be-lieved. to be the dri>pping of II. largeDumber of troops on the east coast byparachute I The neutt's.] people to whom.these atories were given out by the N.azipropaganda authorities were irop.ressed-until it was pointed out that ev-en i f SOOmachinescarryill:g 20 soldiers each wereeUlf l loyed ill the inv&Bion"and twothirdsmanaged to get. through, the Englishdefence forces would have to taikle

'101'1.00U111,Gort, rlll'bt, III hllr. ""n on hie,w.y, t. .. CoIJ~ 0 ' In.peatlon 0' ,BpICl.h Cl'Oope n O l I . "the ' r . . . . n' line In, FllllrulOl'. Among tho .. who' 0'110101 1'I .lm , .. .. ' Ma}" . .. .O . " ' . lh. Duke D"'Wind... ,. lind lin "l'I'Ic.r 0 ,III HIII.hle'nd.....Im.n' '.hlch I.tllr''''. 0.-1 ..-0. ,rnBpe"tlld.PAc4", S",li.h 0ffici.l: C'OIO", Cop,."rli l

In the lut _". tIM .... tlA t_.,. plep; ll , t.M1aa:I1 bid 10 mod 01thalr F...noll,AtII... It.. pme'...... omnhlnll naw. Ikw both A_IIIUon, lI"d Rugb)' fooUNJl have WOII,popularity with theFAnoh, ... d I"formal Initr""tlon.l ..".Iob .. '.... pl.yael belnd U.. , lin.. " Aba".., III .'rIUahteam 'h !Matlin. FI".!lth ".m &.I'Id:I I . the "Oup" 11'1tt. 'ann' .... buneb of IIow.....Ph!llo, G... ",om BrUis" I V " " ,the meee handful of 4,000 men, whowould promptly be interned ..Meanwhile, on the Western Fmnt timBritish Field Foree, thOllgh not yet inaction, was O o c u . p y ,i n g a . position in thefront line alongside the troops of itsFrench aUy. It was reported all October] 9 that some 30,000 men were actuallyface to face with. tho enemy, and furbehind the lines the countryside literallybristledwith IIritish guns.

H.:III.. d, h.....nll ,.I.....dy mad.. P p.... tl 10 flood lUG' ,""... e'hould lit,NazI. ,.lUmpt to vlolai;t Ih.. n,ut.r~lty. II.. mild. fuPCh ... def.n ....,..ell a, Uat H.n a I t o l t , : . '. . . .11 ,f,Qldl, landI, ""try over ,. OO"O~ '~nlJl!old prol.at.di !by ... 1Nlt_.)1' 'IInllllall.ll\ft _nke .nd by barbedwi .... 1I.ln.' Infantry. ,Right, barbed wi... ,d.r.nn ..... ' b.lng ."eot.d lin, rorMl;,DIAdn" In .wlt;urlllnd. PhUlo, ', /(",.'D'"


5/32

November I Sl A , 1 9 39

At rltl.h a odl'Om. InF...nag FUllhte.rll_l'Il '.. '0 11" pall'C,lngword. withUt. lIunn.r or ,an A.A.F" .11 '01'&11 bero...the mD,llhh,o ~. oft.P h6 U> . B ,u .. ~ Offi,,4J, C,o." CoPY,{tltl

GERMANS who had tuned in toHamburg on the night of October25 to hear their Foreign Ministerael iver a really full-blooded a.ttack onBritain were perturbed when Von Rib-bentrop's voice was suddenly cu'I:; off.Ko offic ial rcuon was vouchsafed for theghutting dO\V,D, but later it came out thatR .A .F . aeroplanes had. appeared overHamburg, Magdeburg and Berlin,That raid which sent the Hamburgannouncer to cover was but one of aseries which began in the early hours ofthe war. Week after week, on several:lays in each week, the R.A.F. conductedpamphlet raids over German territory,upwards of 20,000,000 leafleta beingd ro pp ed , f rom the air. The effectivcneseJf. this very modern method of wl.\,rfarenlay be gauged from the fact that the~evcrost penalties were at onee enactedby the Nazi authorities against thoseGennaue who had. the hardihood to pickup, let alone read, one of tbe leaflets.But even if the' pamphlets were notread, the spectacle of the fields litteredwith the white specks can hardly haveencouraged the Germans in their beliefin tbe invincibility of their air force.Anyone of those bits, they might wellruefully reflect, could have been a bomb!

Raiders Over BerlinEYen Berlin, 400 miles from the :MaginotLine. behind -which the nearest Dritishaerodromes are situated, was reachedon more than one occasion by 'planesof the R.A.F. The Nazi authorities a.tfirst declared that no British 'planes hadboon anywhere ncar the capital, butlater they acknowledged that a flighthad taken place over Berlin, although it"fas so harmless that the inhabitants wenton eleeping quietly an d peaoefully duringits progress. O n which Sir Kingsley Wooddryly commented in hisHousc of Commons

'1'lu War /UV41rald 2 9 3R.A.F. Skyules th e GermanNothiog can stop the ll.A.F. reconnaissances and lea8ct-disLributinglIi$hts over Germany-neither enemy fighters nor anti-aircraft.fire,neither the dark of a moonless night nor the most bitter cold.

speech: .. k ow: airmen on theirrctum of furious enemy activity from the groundtold of the.firing and the searchlights they end iII the air itself, make the mostencountered, we can only suppose that e:noting demands on theai!rmen. en-the people of Bertin sleep very soundly." gaged, Whell it was announced, forQuite apart from their value as pro- instance, that" O n. October 27 R.A.F.paganda and their influence on Nazi 'planes ca.rricd out zeconnaissaece flightsmorale, these leaflet raids fa.milia.:ri .zedover certain areas of Southern Germany,"the British airmim with the German the Air Ministry's bald announcementterrain, and also gave them invaluable gave no indication of the terrible weatherpractice in long-distance flying. They conditions prevailing during the recon-were supplemented by reconnaissance nsissance. Later it-wsa revealed tha.t th eflights wllich were carried on by day and crews were flying in' icy conditions forby night over the whole of the German most of the time, and the cold was sol ine and much of ita hinterland. intense-the temperature fel l to 30 dog.

Detetives of tbe Air bel?w ze,ro-tba5. some. of t~o men,although enclosed III their cabins, weresick; others cried out; in . sheer pain;and aU were completely numbed. Theirbreath froze on their goggles; ice formedon the fuselage and against the cabinwindows ; tbe control wires froze, andhad to be' pulled free'. with stiffenedfingers every few minutes. The cold. saidone of the pilots, seeped through metal.then through gloves and heavy clothing,until it caused the body to ache. Followedan alm ost overpowering desiIt! to sleep.to give up .

Peering down through the windows oftheir 'planes, the lynx-eyed observerswatched for every movement. every tell-tale change in the eountryside. Troopson the march. however swiftly theymight take cover; gUIlB dragged to newpositions; new pill boxes erected; linesof trenches freshly dug; more aoresbearing an ugly burden of barbed wire-none of these things passed unacticed bythe aerial dctecti VeR. A s often as notwbat their eyes saw was supplemented bythe record , o f their cameras, and soon inth.e headquarters of tbe Allied armiesthere was a com.plete photcgraphicrecord of the Siegfried defences.Pamphlet raids and recoanaissaneeflights, conducted very often in the teeth

~,In an , effort to keepwarm you slappedyourself and then slapped someone else,But that was no good. it only exhaustedyou. One thought persisted-there wasa job to be done. At last it was done."

In ',hl. Im.ap ot O.nl ....!1Euro,p. th.,.had.d I'Orilon. Indlom t"- ."... 0'1'Parmany o",ol.lIy-wotDd10,'ha... b.,n 1I'ownov.r by the R.A.F. In le.flo&,andl ,alhu' r,ald.. Wid. dl'..lrlato .. 'O.ntJ"lll and 8o..thrn Q.,rliTllany """re .Ieo yl,ltod Ibyboth, .rI1l.8h and French all' 10._.


6/32

21 H }"01'emher l St A , 1 1 )3 9How to ' Recognize Germa n R aid ersSilhouettes of N azi O l feosiv,e M __jlc bioes

Here. ill Ihesel'ages, we have illustrations of the principaltypes of German. bombing 'plaees=-aud a couple of tightermodels. With one exception [hey are all relative in size.MallY of these warplanes have already appeared above the coastsof iritaj,nl and. more sti,1IImay be recognized :if furtheropportunities for the identification ,of enemy craft are afforded.as the war proceeds.n,au,ings III this alld '''e opposile pagetaken , by ptrmiuitm from .. ,F/igh!"

.lUNKEIFl8 ,JU 88Tile larg ' ,oUitum.,,'1'.bombtor., .. '10"1'-'''111" ...I"pe Uta, ..,..lIId ,!!I... 'b."altd for t ,t cOOP ' ' . .. . n.port.

A medlu'm-.lzedIbo....b.'r dl,.Un-lI1uhlh.d by It JlipUr.al wlnll" endn",ly .t....mlln.d_ 'u lall

TnE out"tauding 'Germ lin uircrart illthese pages are shown witllout. rletnil-in silhouette as they would appear to linobserver below. They are all to scale exc.low rlghtl hllt, ".dulgned ,no'

Thl, diellram ,.he"... "",. eu.,U.'1 ' f l"~ill of !IIH.lnl


7/32

Novembe t I SlA , 1 9 39

.JUNKERIi JUnA InllW bomb.~ n over'u.. Forth on Oot.18,,183B.Tri.,t"o'''lIln. n....n......of 1 ' " " ,, ,. 1 , 'd lgn.

.JUNKERS JU 87,A,.'Inal .... nglne

MEliSEASOHMITT' ME 109O.rm.ny'e moet famed fighter. A .peal.1....... Ion' ho,ld. the world'a '.peed cOI'd. Tn"H.lnk,1 HI:,11111 (",pt IIl'Io...n) Ie .."other Ollt,-aandl!!\) 'ype In thl. '01...

.JUNKER. ,JU ,8,K"mbu " . , . . I . .ft ofIIw,lI-known t...n,port llll'OraH.MllY b.'IIt.d with dle 1'.nIl1"... II'" .hownl 01'.adl.le.

IDORNIEA DO""K AND DO'."T'and.m dl, .II'."gln" (on, mall'be -n and _pan,one C" ... -wing', ", o" aat."I~. the DO 18Knconn.I, .. ncellylnll boat, (abov.),al~d:y ,uM1i on,,, " I t No,"," ....Th. larg.r DO I' fl,ylng :boatebelow) haa t " . . . . _radial '8nal"8.eM ,.hIl'W' '' ! 01' I Iq uld


8/32

206

An R.F. 'manI, 'her:-' ,I",amlnlnllih. lulll.1'hoi" In til. " . .: I on . . . I_". 'plant ibN"0'"d'o...n hI '!kGtI.nd on Oatobtir D, I,IM fI...~,cruh on 'Brltl.h ,.oill.

T he W af J'U il.B Jra fmIt's N o t so Ea sy to B om b B rita in !'F oU ow in gl he o j)en in go fth e a iro l1 '(m s ive a g ain st B rita in , m uc h s urp ris ewa s exp r es sed (: o ll o ern ing thesrnaljness o f th e a tr ae kl ng f or ce s. T h e f ac tsgi\'cn below will help to ,explain a puuling phase of the war.T'I'l f i,rst air m ills on Britain w ere, toput it mildIY.llni~npr~ssiye .. Foryears past Imagm,atl\'c writc.rshad prophesied, aninnsion by aerialnavillS darkening the sky and, pouri.ngdown on a terrified P O P U l ' R C C a deadly11811 , f gas and incendiary bom bs. Th.ereality wns far different. When theraiders made their o.ppea.rance they camein ones and twos 01' in am aH parties ofwhich the iarg,est was that o r twelve orfcnrteeu whioh raided ,Rosyth on Oct. 16.Such few ' bombs a.s they d ro ppe d. w eredischarged on s tr ic tl y m i li ta ry . or rathernl\v:1.1,targets.. The civilian populationwere so far from being terrorized by th e

np])IOIl.Cn of the raiders that E dinburghfolk bard ly looked up from their lanehea

Il.B they heard the aerial dog-figM inprogress above thei[ beads, nud. thesecountry people w hom the G erm an w irc ]es."1dcsoribed as--shocking indignity !-peasants seemed to be baldly more Hummildly interested as they watched Xnzi'planes 'being pursued over their f tt'hl:la nd ho use -to ps by th e f ig hte rs of 11mR.A.F. Scottish nonehalaace and Korth-umbrian imperturbability w ere m ore than11 0 match fo r the Nazi sir terror.Wbat many people, and even some ofthe uJI.egedexperts, bad. failed to under-stand l!! that German raiding 'pl:J.nc~,e ve n tra v,e Uin g by th e shortest route,have to cover some 400 miles o,cross theNorth Boo before they eau arrive over tho,c oast o f S ,cotlo .nd; ino tber worth, II.ra ide r m ust fl y the heat p.'\rt o fo . t hou sandm i le s n o n- st op , carryil1g fo r Itt leas t Imlethat distauee i f : . B full load I f bomba, andaU the tim e exposed to a ttack f romsurface vessels, from fighter aircraft, umt

TMw_k..:l' _H 01Ih. I!1'lIlohl"I!!ftllr 'Ii hId c".'''",1 In'" '. hlll.;d., I" __ Not. til.In.lllni. o . t.!H, ~uadr ....or pnat. Right I. !Ii bulld- ..[ddl.. l.... t In (h. cabin, _nil ndolhep ...Ucl or IIqu1llm.ntKath...d,.bout.,Pl iO/os , A : , . , ' 4 1 " " Pr . G .I '. U . ,gMt! l1rili"h I'",."",u .. .'1DS


9/32

Th'.dramallo IP'bot.DG'"aphbo,,!!, ""'11'1'011,.Ult. Iha1 in pav' HI',I. eI


10/32

2l)S T he W a .r 1 Ilu stra U!ilOpen in g th e Doo r s to A m er ica 's L im it le ss A rsen a lThe news that the U.S.A. Congress had raised the embargo on the supply of armsto the belligerents was hailed with relief by the Allies and wllh fury by Germany, wbileSoviet spokesmen charged the U.S.A. with having abandoned neutrality, .WHAT was claimed. in France as Furthermore, the President is given their enemy which their vastly superiorthe second great victory of the authority topreycnt Americans from sea-power warrants.war-tile first being tbo Anglo- travelling in IIhip3 of tho belligerent The lifting of the embargo concludesFrench Pad with Turkey-was the countries except in accordance with rules Q. campaign which was fought mostpassing of the American Neutrality Bill laid down by him, and also to impose J;c!!olutely for several weeks. 130th those

involving the repeal of th.e embargo on restrictions _on the use of American who under President Roosevelt's lendthe export of arms, The United States porta by the submarines or armoured proposed the lifting of the embargo, andSenate approved the lifting of the em- merchantmen of the belligerents.. those die-hard isolationists who foughtbarge 011 October 28, the House of The most important of these provisions to the Ia.r;t t o prevent its repeal, wereRepresentatives followed suit, and on is the first. " These embargo pro- convinced. that theira.ttitude was thatNovember 4 the President's signature visions as they exist today," said Presi- which would best serve America's deter-mnde the Bill an Act. dent Roosevelt in his declaration to mination to keep outo! tbe war.In Augl1st 1935 the U.S.A. passed a Congress on September 20, " prevent the On the one hand, it was argued thattemporary neutrality act which forbade sale to a belligerent by an American fao- the. ' embargo operated in favour ofthe export of arms and ammunition to tory of any completed implements of war .. Germany., who, as a land. power. had!belligerents, and!authorized ehe President But they allow the snle of mallY types of access to implements of war supplied byto close American ports to belligerent uncompleted implements of war, II.'! well Bussia, Rumania, Italyo.l1d the rest,vessels and to proclaim tbat American as all kinds of general materials and while Britain. surrounded by water,citizens travelling il l belligerent merchant supplies." (Tbus, while a complete was prevented from obtaining arms il lships did so at their own risk. Renewed Curtiss Hawk or Lockheed aeroplane the American market. On the other,in 1936, this legislation was put on a. more could not be supplied to the Allies once the isolationists vehemently declaredpermanent footing in 1937. It is the 1937 the war had begun, t 1 1 0 component that America "could not become themeasure which has new been modified. par-ts could.) Now that the Act is passed arsenal for one belligerent without ulti-Under the new Act the embargo on any belligerent country can buy in the mate)y becoming a target for the other."the sale of arms to belligerent countries United. States any war stores which it .- is re pe al ed ; but belligerent powers has the money to p:ly for. and which it . ~ousands of Planespurchasing goods from the United Sta.tes can take awny, Intheory aU the warring The slgnmg 'of the Act ..ml'ant thewill have to pay for them before they natioru! are put on an equllftity; Germa.ny release of a. t lcaat 4~. millions'. worthobtain delivery (this is the famous" cash has an equal right to buy with France or of warp!ancs &':ld military e.qUlpmentand carry " clause), and will also have to Britain. But as Britain and France con- o~eroo 1D America by the Alhes beforefetch them in their own ships, as American trol the seas, the lifting of the embargo the war began. It:,,:9.8 understood thlltvessels are forbidden to carry goods or means in effect that the A1liesare enabled between 300 ~nd 40f? aeroplaues :\'~repassengers to the belligerent countries. to enjoy that immense advantage over already crated InAmerIcan porta awaitingshipment to England and France, andtha.t orders which bad been in suspensewere for 2,500 or 3,000 'planes.That. the repeal "\,!cnt through in theend may be taken as further proof thatthe great mass of the AlIlerican people aresymp!\thetic to the cause of the Allies,,although only a tiny fra.ctio[l of American: 1 " " .u.ndlno ....dyon'tM m.nuf."t ..r.... ...,.drorn.In Oalll"ol'nl.. AII'Qn!" 01 thl.'.type w.n .uppll.d "" ,quantity to the A.A.F, beto,.. tM' '. .0001nlll lbomb.... " !Cnown,u ' " "Hying rol'tr ....... mil,. .1.0 b., otder.d from t I , . IU.S.A. aelow I. one 01he.. gl.nt .Irorart In Ih.workP.holl).', PIQ~.I N.raJnli JU.ndid, -


11/32

29 9'One M O i r e U-Boat Has Dived to Its Doom

Thl., unlq.... pho\Oa ... p'II,. ,.,.olu.h 10TH. WAR ILLU8TAAT,ED',I. p,.h.p. th. mat, .v1kT"1:I plolorlal"..,.,Pd o',naYalaot!vlty that h Y.'b,.. nlPllblil,b.d. n .' w.. tIIk.n 'rom 'the dI",k 0'. lin, ..'0 ..... 1"1l1li;1,'"01 ',OOl!VO)' ,I",'hi 1".'I1I1,'h 01'1,,,,,&1'.,*,,,. U-:boa~ had .... n .. aniappl'oa.cl!llnllIt. Th. au,bma..h.. h dI'I",.dalla'ln,bu' ona ,ofthe ,_ortlnll d"' ..oYI,.. b.. Juat d....I'I'.1IIa d.pth oharg.-not, \ I " , rl'nll 0" t".m, ern_1Itha apot:...h... Ih. '1' . . . 1_1'., "'H, I'.'" ',un., Aa fha ahara. a,.plod a III"" ,lIOlum,nof apraY,I'I, , abo". th., andlaM-1' oIl _pp ton tha'''I''.ce. "allN ,Ign 'ha' the ohU1l" b., round IUmark. Th 1111"1,1II_t III,the ' oNIlIPOund, , . '.wunlll ou' ad)!'lor Imm,dl ... low.rlng.Pbli)" ;j5$~;I!I*1I />ria,


12/32

Th e Fam ou s D ov er Patrol Carr ies On

TIMDon .. ",.Irall tod.y ,hail Ie 1M &h.':'wI.g.al i, .1" .. _II .. ,.ub ,.I"._*"k.. H c _ o' ."U... lr-oNft ."" .....tth.I .dAtlo 0111 on. o r III. patrol-,IIno d '_.

Phi , C.nlr,," Pro.,T H E Straits of Dover gilvethe easiestaceees W I the Seven Seas for allth e countries o f N ortbe rn E 1 U'O p e,a .n dthe shortest sea routes from Englandto Franoeare those from Dover andFolk.estone, to Calais and. Boslogne,On these grounds it is clear tha.t thegua.rding of the narrow seas 1 . . ' 1 oneof t 1 1 e Ro,yal Na,vy's most importantduties ill time of war, and immedia.telyon the outbreak of war the Do"crPatrol came into full &etivitv once8 .g ai ll . :B etw ee n 1914 and 1918 it didw,ork of the utmost imJlOrtlllJlc@o thenaeion, and by their valour, enduranceand resource, the men who mJlnned itsships gained immortal fame and wrotea golden page in the hist(lry of theRoyal Navy. When the navllI historyof this war comes to , be written it willbe seen that the men or the Roya.l Navytoday have not fallen short in zeal,efficieneys.nd bravery of those who inthe last war put to their credit two ofthe most r~markable exploit~ in navalhi:otory-the raids on the Germall basesat O ! ften d an d Z eebrngg e.

TirO.".", Ih. m."h.nl ...d!8 ,F,Ie " ...! "" hl... o' nUlny t)..... ,..v. b.... ,p...-d In\O ,.... "io.,amon!!' them til.C"II.II".I r.""Y-,bn.w ~h.&,c.,..I.d Il0011'''''11110".CoPnnoe tMl'o. , the .......Tibl, ,0"., .M " U It..tll. out,, ....'" .,,_Entin ..", lpori. '0'" u.. K.nt ,""It, hU.lud01 ArmIjO'lo,.rl" Onbo.l"


13/32

30 1Th e If -Boat Hun t Sta r ts a t D aw n

Thl, photOIJN.p'h 'waa tak ... i i ' , _.rlll'h d'HlroY'r baH I ' u the lun wu relllnll. It ,'how., Ch, .m..n 111110'pllKlno '& 0 on thll .. d'.IIl! hunt,for U-bolt:ll", ,.,due,.whloh, Mr. Wlnllon Oh","o"lIIlh Id', thel! "."'orm" will i "".1 ..... nolwl'"OII'''' ''lh.-'' ., lIM .ndOl Octo'b... 18.".my"ublT! ... ln," W,tH' ,W... to have b n , , . . . . 'k, _whll., fou .. 'oth ",..... b.II,...d to h!lV" b"n d.. tl'Q:I'ed, 'Or.... lo.I!!llf dam IOII.d. The I.... II ~_ .1 '111 ,1 '1d,Ura .., .., ,ani' lhl T..lb ..101.... , ~h of wbloh ., namld dlil .. 'om" 'natlu, trlb, luoh '... ' Afrld,1 and B,doLlln, TIlJ,V ' ' ' I ' ' , . . n , " of I,HIII Co"I., P , / o ; o I a . K~


14/32

No,,~ l&h, 1939H itler Doom ed . to Fa ilure ' W h .ere Napo leon Fa iledNow \hal Britain has been elevated by the Nazi, ~kesme.DJ .into tho position of the.. villain of ~be piece .. we may expect an i.nte.Dsificati.O.Df the German blockade.Already, indeed. Hitler is lhreatenicg to attempt what Napoleon tried-and failed to do .

HELDat bay on the west by the Rosenberg, principal originator of! the In the first two months of the waf , tbeimpregnable waLl of the Maginot myth of Nazism. The task of the Genna.n High Command! have proudlyLine, maDDed by the armies society is Baid.to be the production of II claimed, the Nazi U-boats Bank 111>ships'o f F ra nc e a nd B rita in , feeliilg day by day 4 -year pInn involvmg n(1t o.l1IyGerma.ny of a total tonnage of 475,321 tons. Thisthe pincers Closing on the vita] stlipplies and &niet RUSBia. hilt almost ,aU the f igure, however, is undoubtedly an'of bis people, Hitler no w thrcate.os and neutral States on their borders, . with a exaggeration, as British o:fficia.1statisticsplans II.ll moonsification of the blockade view to the d iv en s ion o f aU trade from give the total losses of merchant vesselstlFBritain on a stupendoWJ sesle, More Great Britain either to Germany or to dllrimg 8epoomber and October aa 9'1atilll, a great system of countel'~blockade is neutral comtries. In retllm foz: this vessels of iii gross tonnage ol364,210. orcontem plated by which she is to be cutsuboniilmtiaD. of their natioDal economics these 53 were Bl'ithlh, 6 French and 32off entirelyu:om ,the markets of E urope.. to O e:r.m any :s w artim e Deeds , the neut.mls neutral (SSwcdisb , '1 Norwegian, 7 Fin-But Napoleon tried. that 130 years ago. would be offered special. transit sad nish,l DlI. l l isb,l .Dllooh,ISotiet, 2 BeJgiau,In 1806, when hJl W83 at the height of industrial r~i1ities.4 Greek and I Rumanian)'.his power, anduf aU the countries of Both in th.e Scandinavian coantries The wtal British t O D . O J ! o g e lost in theEurope only Britain. stood out against and. in the Balkans there wa.s S


15/32

lr~ 1&11 , 1939 36 3The Russian R idd le is Still an En igm a

M. .0IDto... h.. ...... promtn.nt In t.h.,publlo analN .r "vld Ru.. '_ .Inoe ,,'17.H u_.ded M. LHvlnoff .. Oornml.ar ofFONlgn "ffal,.. on May 3, 193 Pllolo, PI/nul N"""

IiA BIDDI.E wrapped in mystery.' inside an 'enigma "-that illbow Mr. Wi ns to n Chu rc hil l h asdescribed Russia's policy in the war ... But perhaps," he went. on, there is akey. Th!lt key is national interest."Certainly Soviet Russia would seem tohave done very well during the firetphase. With a loss to the Red army ofonly 731 killed and 1,862 wounded-theseare the Russian official figures-aheoccupied nearly hal{Poland, and then, bya vigorously directed diplomatic oDl!laughtbacked by a substantial show of force,brought the Baltic States within herepbere of influence, and unfolded similardesigns on Finland.What neat 1 Stalin had reopenedRussia's gateway on to Western Europe,and it was confidently expected in Nazicircles that ill return for the supportwhich Germany had granted the Sovietboth in the matter of Poland and of the!laltie States, Russia would now Bing herweight into the stIu:ggle IIgainsttheWestern Democracies, When it wasannounced that M. Molotov, tho ,sovietPrimerlliuister and Commissar for Foreign

R.ussias words and deeds have changed the face and destinies ofEurope in the fewweeks since war began. Yet still the motives ofthe Kremlin's policy are obscured by an ideological camoujlage,Affairs, was about to give a declaration on "Thcso motives do not lie in sny ideologyRusaian policy to the Councilofthe Soviet but in their profoundly maeerial intercstsUnion, Dcrlin expressed tile contident as mighty colonial. powers!'belief that the week would be one of .. The imperIalist character of this war.. decisive importance " to Germany. is obvious' to anyone who wants to faceMolotov's speech, however, delivered realities and dees not close his eyes toon October 81, must have eoaaider- facts," he procceded-and then, by a notably dashed Nazi hopes. There had been altogether happy juxtaposition, went ontalk of Russia supplying 2,000 aeroplanes to accuse the Finns of having acted in ato aid Hitler's offensive in the West, way harmful to the cause of peace becausebut the Commissar's chief point was that they had refused terms dictated to themRussia was to remain neutral. The by Russia ISoviet's future aims, be said, were a free All this, however, is by the wa.y. Whathand in interneticnal affairs, the COD- is to the poin~ is the support whicl. Oer-tinwmce of the policy of neutrality, and mILny may receive from Soviet Ruasia.the cessation of the wa r . In a most Although far from cordia] in his expres-interegtin~ passage he declared that aiona of friendship to the Reich, Molotoveverybody realized that there could be at least gave ground for believing thatno question of restoring the old Poland., Russia is prepared to re nd era uc b e eo nom ' cand that it was therefore absurd to con- aid to Germany as lies within her povrer.tinue the present war, Despite the queues of Muscovites waiting

to bu y shoes, clothes, milk, and meat,despite th e fact that the Soviet is busilyengaged in the third of its five-year plans,we may readily believe that the Russianmasses wil l be screwed up to render outof their insufficiency some substal1Lial aidto Germany. Gold, iron ore, oil, wheatand meat-aU mo.y be sent to, the Reichin coneiderahle quantities.Bll t there can .be not.hillg more tban aliaison between Nazi Germany and Bol-shevik Russie, Stalin is a realist,and iscareful to retain his freedom of action.If we reject the idea that he has becomean imperialist after the pattern of Peterthe Great, we are bound to admit that heis still a Bolshevik-and as a Bolshevik hemust eagerly look forward to the comingof that day when Gennany shall havebeen weakened to the death by herstruggle with internal discontents andforeign foes.

Those A ggres siv e AW es IMOLOTOV even suggested that theAllies , "which but y este rd ay w eredeclaiming agairu!t aggression, are infavour of continuing the war and are op-posed to the conclusion C !f peace. The roles,as you aee,are changing." 1 1 ' 1 other words,he held. u.p the Allies as the aggressorsagainst a pesce-deairing Germany andRussia t Probably Done in the sllbservientthrong who hung on his words thoughtthat but for the Nazi-Soviet Pact ofAugust 23 there would probably neverhave been a war at all.Proceeding, Mototov poured scorn ontile declaration of the British Govern-ment that Britain's aim in the war wasthe" destrnction of Hit1erism."The ruling circles of Great Britainand France" had other and more actualmotive.~ for going to war with Germany.


16/32

T .lt W a r lU u4 l'l,.a ll!dThe W,ar 'of Mach ine s th e W estern Front-n

The Iphotog ..,,,- In th" 'p.lla ,.ndtllat '''I>,p.. lo.,,"orel ,annhar ""' ...... bl. PI'OO..Uha ptt..h t..'whlDh mHhanlut'on ~ .u.tnad Inu.. "I'mI..of loday_ II't ~Mr..pCI t Ibl. pall.'Fl".no'h .rmour" , ! ! I I , . . . . . . _ , dr.wn up by '!'w, .,_d.tda. Thall no.' _parlor..., til. d'ut,'" 'hal on... 'r.1I10 "vlllrr plt:rol." Imm,dliRl!l, abou I.... '''''' ~'. "".)lalda raHw.., __ ,tloll,lnF'r.".... ,Atrain Iq. 1,_ b.1utll,htIn ,I! num,"" of ,Brlll.II,Il"Pllp,and a long lin. of l:I'uck. ,lItdenwith ...... , gun,_r.....or.."., and oal'.'.I'JrUlos. CQ.ritfY oflh., Fml&A . Bmb tl . . y, I I " " B,iJi:~ 'fJJ!i.i~" e.n .. C~Pyr;f1d


17/32

_ VO !J fm brr Il'Ih , 1 93 9--Makes Foo t-s lo g g in g Q uite O ld -fa sh ion ed !

O~er the cobbl.lI1,on of F...n"h ..111.g, &'"ouu ..d. a, larrl , such ... th... h"ve rumbled In lha ,...1 'I.w wlI'Ok.whll. the BrlU.h A~,m, ill tIMI~ont h 1 > " st dlly uln'".".d. Thle, tr.ln 0'_101'1'1 I. moYlng ,oft ..ftI!.. 1ul1~"9_'Qrttl.' m~n,'. ml,.:!!!., m 1. The .. m. 'tI!nd.no,)' that, ..... ppuen' In 'lh. 11 l war t.Q 'III..,10"1'1... gun. ,!!Inc!tank., "am ,.,.m" ..k"bl. 'or "",.,r mlng I".pp,."prl",too." h... m",..lInt.d ,It If IIg",ln InChi. war. Thu. the ... d.lng ,car' of thl. colum'n 11 belinl named UAli~iI.Jrj)h~".) 81'I/I$./I Qffu'l(.ti. C.fCl'i(lf ("vI) ri~hl


18/32

WORDS THA'TT hursday . O e~ ober 1 9'KING G,USTAV of Sweden (IIIdPRESIDENT KALLIO of .Finland inbroadcasts from the RoyaJ Palace atStockholm :

IIfy illvitat.ion to this meeti:og W8i!I a duty i[had to pcrlorm.Sweden'e wolfare and mywarm feelings for the other NOl't.hern p~Qplesguidedme. Our: ooll1lultatioDc9 have conf irmedtheqnity of the Northern Govorll.men'~. Weconaiderit vital that each of' our countriealihould, be abl ll to pursue in a.bscilutoi!ldl'~lfI.donee' it. tr&ditiollllol policy of impartial!loutrality. We appreciate hIghly the warm-hll8rted greetings from, all the rulers on theAmerican Continc.nt. In maintaining ourneutrality we depend on the mutual support!Ln~ llQ-Qp!ll '8tion. of all couatriea with the samep_::>l1oyf MltnlLty as oura. I know th&t theNorthern peoples ll!lfC&er'l1'edly w~h to Ilve at.peaoe with an nationa, and are inspired by amutual wi]] to l ive 8 . 1 1 f ree nations. Tboref! : i t f lmy mo~t heartfelt wish,is that no OM ur UtaNorthern countries ~lIJlJ be impeded in tho(lXIll'CU!o of its, righ,t iQ,dependentJy to establishIIp ea oo fu 'l e :s is t;. en oo . M y dearnat wish is tllll itthose countries may bo able to co-oporste tore-establisb peooe and! settle the grave disputesno w acpll.rating the belligerents. All cou,!Itriealong for peace and security.PRESIDENT KALUO said:The FinoiAh people e.re. grateful .for thediplomatio support giveD by the Northllrno ou n~ rillil . T hil le vl de noe o f Northern IIOIidAri ty1 1M II-.t !ltopped with WOrd~1 but bas foundeltpre.;si.on in action, The Finnish, people knowhowdooply the Northern, countries feci theirconnexlon wHlil finland !It 8.' tirn.eW.i!t'D t.heGrcab Pewers of l I . ' u : r o p B are at w&r,and whenrtor EMtern n3ighbour hs.d raisAd grave quee-tloru for solu.tlon by Finland. Trusting in Godand. their just c au se, F i n \n . nd '8 p e IU l ( l IQv i ngP:IDpID will defend their independence andintegrity, althOUgh we OJily wiah 1. 0 l ive inpeMO in our own country. We hope that ourpowerful :n~igbbour' will .reflpeet the, h:ea(ie,whicb, boldexplioit stfpulatiol13 tbat possibledlaputes shall be ecttlod peMcfully. Finlandrespects her obligatiollll. - .

'T uesd aY t O c tob er 2 4HERR VO N RIBBENTROP, GermanForeign Minister, in a speech at D anzig .'... Amnngthc whole of world public oplnlontbe-re ill not. the qligbLe3t doubt, that the Fct'nchpeople did. nol; wan& t o is wlI>rand would ratberhavo ]lC1U'.II today than tomorrow, but that the'War ha s been imposed OD them by Britain byn &go til:< tiO D t in l'ad~ and with the FrenchGQvemment.Wi:th regard to B.ritain, it could be provedbeyond &lI dtmbt. fih" this wat' agaiDllt Germanyhad b oon iS yste mf l'tiw ly IU Id eccrotly ptepa1'\ ..--d,

fOf yool'll by the prllB8otBri.tisb Government. . Th f l B r itW I. people who, at b.e&rt , would l iketo live in friend~liipwiththe Gennan peoplDwere by 1 1 1 1 po.5l!ible mlllLJ l.! ! of J!fopaganda- Ilndat (he dema.nd of the Hri~ish Governmentbrought to a sta:be 01 ha.tredand panic in . rCbramto GermOiny.The aim oIthe Blit ish Govern:ment lirA!! bythis mOAlll til bring Gma.t B.rit&in politica.lIyand diploma:tiea.lly to tho brink of an 1lI1bridgeable gulf witb Germany 80 thllt it wOlJ.ldbep:J!ISiblo to unleash the war against Germ1l.llY! l o t whatover w.omDut appearsd most f u , VO! lro .b leto them ..Thi.$ had to happen in slleh a . wacy that therewould bo ne way of retreat left opel! to tbe,Government in. f~ of its own people. ThisBI.tll.&tioD WM bro ug ht abo ut by M r. Chamber]1Iin, gtIl!.IILlIteeing Poland. 'That t,hil !guaranteeWII!! only an el:0 lSO is ,ruea;r from the Gov~rnm'Dt ' lJ d oo ll lr a't io D i n theHouae o f Commo l! ll l,

WILL R.EMEMBERA Se le ct Reco rd froU l Week to W eek o fImpor t an t W:ar U ecla ra tio n s a n d S ta tem en ts

( Contfn ue d /r omp ag e' 2 74 )tba~ n . w s . s inwnded to be d ir ec t ed on ly l !o j: la iD i l tGermany. Not 'the inviolability of thc PolishSta;be but armooaB3istance aglli ,nat Gcrm.any we.sB r it a. in 's e o ne em ,This policy can only 00 understood RS 311( 'x p ro s si OD o f ' Ikitain'a uneeesing wl11'to fl1tllil!bbenolf in all oironmsts.n,ces_nd 'in !I, n.ot toofa.r future-with an e x c W I l3 for attackillL.gGermany. The results of this neatly ealell1a.tcdBritL,b polioy foUowed according to progrll!l1.me.Th.e Poles f, ,11 into an OC!lt&sy or megnl.01tl&nio.Again 'the [Gal lntentions of Britai n's pot ierwero ~mo'll !lt roted. Instead of' ail'l 'ising Polandto d..ecide in :favQur of a ,till possible settlementwith. Gerl:lUoy, Britain, aa we now know,incited the Poles t.o aggreealve aota ,againstOonnany. -lIri tain,tbrougb II $tatement bv bor ForeignMiniste.r, LordHalifax, fl' jcctedl Signor :MU!IIIO.lini's p l a . D of SeptombCr 2 for a peaceful settle-mcnt of tbG Polish confliot, wruch hnd beenaocepted by Oer:many and France. . . .Hilt tho nritish Govcroml'lnt ehowcd its true

fnee and its, desire to annihilnte the Germaapeople when it rejected th.o mo.gni ficent, peaceollar thJllt tho Load!!r made to Britain bcforotho Roich!!t9lg on October 6, B i n d ! answered it"thrnugh the mouth of tho P rime 'l1lnillter, Mr.Cna:mberlRill"with libuse which called forthuttl! :r indignation throughout the whole Germannation.Tho Polis", ft."{ampJe haa proved that it illnot good to pcba.UengeGermany.'Ohamberlain and bis aeeompliees w iD havetheir oy~ opened, and filled wilb Warll in [lUI!)course, There will come time',pcrhllps, whe.1IIthoy will have leisure enough to contemplatewhother it wa s good policy to reject Gc.rro:lny'sband! oj' peace. -His Highness the MAHARAJA OFB1KANIR ' a t a D lirba r in hOllouI'o ! his59th birthday:We are fighting 'to Icail!t ag_gnssioD wbethrdireo!.ed 3gflitlBt ourselvO!l or others, to breakthe ~I\d"ge of .feaT daily ol'lcrooohing uponthe world. And. we muat not fo.rgot tha't shouldH itler w in thl! 1!'8F all 'lolk. of f rowolll !mddemocracy for India, will vanish like thin smoke,fl'nd brujo Ioreo and the doctrine tbat migbt isright will reign B up re ll lB . It . 1 3my profound con.victl.on that in thesetroublous tlmes when evcrything is so muchsubjected to revoilltionn.ry changes an d up.bemvala the groat Empi ro over which hisImperlnl l{aj IlIIty roigD! ofl'ers the one stablcelement, tho firm rook on which a peacefulworld order eould be mi$ed, the on! institutioninwbich under a . benefieene Bpir i.t of peacobuman effort inev~ry d.irectiOD could find. itstu lle6t ren.lization.

Wednesday, October a sMr, ANTHONY EDEN, Secretaryo! Stale for Domin iOlI Affairs, in abro adca st :. . The _rhM been ill progress Ir fQr Ilny glvonfrontic r, but in support of Ii. princi l', le. ThlLtprinciple ie good faith beh~eon peoples, and!without it there can bo no ]X'm:e. I\szilca.dllrllare loud in their dt 'C~rat ionB tbM thla war WMthrust npoD them, '!hc evidenc!)i9 aga.iIlllt them,tho doeumcats havo been published, tho worlllc a n i il ld g e.We believe ~bat, when we hnvi' won tnrrmp:bto, the end, . [ 1 , heavy reapolUibi1i ty, which wil lialan 1 lc an l1I~rh 'R:I! lwoppartunily, will fo.:l1tothe AUhx] Pcwera. It w m be our task thento give practicnl c1I :pre!l8io!'Lto tha innermostfeeting~ of men lind women in all, lands .wbereaervilude has not el.arved OT ~ro7.en thorn.ThOlll!lfeelinga am fD r a QI~f)}! lropean unityand II. wider world undpl'1Jta;ncling, for aninternational order that shall be respected, forreligious t(}l~ratioD. for the denial and not t.neWOfl lWp of an. aggreaelve nrttlono.lism, 'forliberty, .lIeourity, aad peace. Tho tMk will Learduous. tbe struggle ham fought, but if 1 ' 1 ' 1 1will keep t. lle aim stc&dfastlyooforeuewecannot fliil, : f Q J ' t h . B < t aim is 'the aim of the' bIltterpan of mankind.Thursday , O c tober 2 (;,M r, CHAMBERLAIN in tl,e Houseof Commons:t do not propose to waste tbe timo of UlOHouse by commellting on tho malll detnils 01'this, performanee [Herr Blbbentrop'e speech atDaazig]. No onn ill this cuuntry wUl be dllCciwdLyits distortions of the truth. and there ill

already abundant evidence that Herr von.Ribbentrop has ~n no mo:r-e Sllccc8!lf 'ul in hisattempt to mislead impar tv.l.observel'9 in otherparts of the world. Indeed 1 eVif!n oherish thehopD 'that do. 'qIite a . ! 1 suppro9:!!iolUl and fullli:6.catioflll thore are still IIOmll in G:emumy i:l.3elfwho see where the renl truth lies.The ma10 thesis o[ the pecch is that it Wit.,Engla.nd nnc] not Glll'lllDlny who dosired, and.plotted fo r war._ The whol!l1l'odd ImUW8 that thisIS not. 'true,. The whol!), world knows thai noOOVCfllment ever l IOugb t more' .'rdently to avoidwar or took grellt.er risks to pl'f)lII:lrvepeace th.Rn,did the Gnvcrnmllnt of thi9 CQllIltry. Wo havealready publlibed.with romplct;.e frrllllk.ncu allthe liIIliC.nlial documents relating 'to the oa1ll!e.'!III the nlIf.. We lifO content to bIl judged by t.he180ts and t< J .knQW t.ha.t .the vcrdict of the great.Dl&joJ! ' i tyof neutralubscr'l1'en is i n , ou r f a. vo ur .


19/32

How to T ',eDNon-commissioned Ranks o f th e Forces

ChI. , : s c. . . .. , . .. , 5141cMhtt, CII'k.l'I N page 282 the ciiatioguishing ba.dges of officers of tbe Royal Navy, Army andRoyal Air :Force, and of naval. WII.Irant 'officers, Inc given. Here we shim: thebadges of R.N. petty officers, Bud of warrant and non-commissioned offic'efs in theother two flelviceB. The great mechanical developments thAt have taken place inthe equipment of the Navy, the Army aDd.the Air Force have given rise to a number'of' new ba.dges that indicate in what particular work tlie men wbo weard themspecialius, ~es:peetiv~ o~rank Th es e w il l .be giv~n later. The . badg~ 1 1 1 this pageBhow s tandl ll g m 8emOll ty as well as specIAl duties, Petty officers m the RoyalNavy ore the ,equivalent of the senior N.C.O.B in the Army and are genera!]y,!l.(looll.llted to be the backboae of the Service.Warrant Oflic:.ersand N.C.O.s or the Anny

R.JI_laI eo.p a ' . " " " ', .. ..fH_.lloIO! c.....lr.,}. c c-".. .(Roy .. 1 .... , .. " o." . . , ,~ .CwPS.J._"ltd ht ,a".. luffS.,_"'I-.M.jor

' .n, Ollie., ''''I''" . . . . . .

All .tbO!" w " ! Olflnr.lit a' ..

~III: .c:.rp. ... , .. .~_).;"" ..nC ,.. '....LiI'_, -..H1',!Il ....!, m"",)Ma:j,or. W armnt off icers hold awa.rrant ofapPointment as distinct noma commission. Inthe Army,. like commissiened officers. they wearBam B rown e belts. Wlm 'Il Iu to fl ic er s i n t he Navy,(who nmk with subalterns in the Arm.y ) wearcooked . hats" frock coats &Dd 6wo.rds wh.en inf:nll dress.

AI.! "Ill...2JJI 0_w.~!1!,011'__ALL the badges in the ~bove two lines!.Iue ofwarrant officers, wit.h the ,exception ofthose m . the last &qlllare (Sgt., Opl., and. L. C p l . ) _In the cavaby some of the non-commissionedo ff ic ers, are dif fe re n.tl y n amed . In th e HouseholdCa ,va lry a S ta f f Se rgean t is Corp cm l'o f H ome andin othe r c av alry .reg im enl a Sqlladron Corpor-a.l-

Wlm.Dt .officers IDd N.C.O.'sol tile ROl'lIl Air Force


20/32

30 8 N~ 1 8Ch , 1 939S t o r y . I. ' of Stra s'boor.~s... __ _ Exodus:

lIi~pli.aLIIQVE TIliANCAI ;c

II I I I It.' I i ,OIDU D ' I V 1 C O A T I D N

.(n I 11 ~I.I. ~rHJ"'UUW.It",! .,':;-;,,"t '!ill J Itt

'fh., PI ..c. kif , name after 011. ,01 NapalM"'.' general. who' _ lborn Inat"uboul'G', I " . . bov., ' . H , u "'w"... ron the '''''... and . 1 1 1 "' " . . II ""Dlifter the .v.cu.t'lon., .mpll' except lon' Arm", 101"1'1... Til. tow,!, 01 &n.oath.elral, I.,,notlce ..'bl. lin both phD1OlIr,aphTH[K ,~f a ci.tyas big as Cardlfi,l_lluch ,grea.t~rthan Ah~rdc6n. haU

88 blg agalll as, Derby, from which theentire population 'ofsome220,000 souls has been evacuated. Its thwllIgin.g streets, its splendidhistoric squar~, its grea.t railway terminus, its superbly towered Gotbicca,thedral, its anoient univemity, its once, crowded qua.ys, its rmmeeeuspietaresqne buildiags, 1 1 1 1 eeholess and deserted, left to the care. of somemobile g-uards and a few civic ,officials, and to the f locks o f pigeonswhich used to he II:S grco. tELD attraction to th.e,visitor 88 those of TrafaJ~g ar S q ua re D r the Piazza San. Marco! Tb , c only eeunda o f l if e ale the w hirof the wheels of the elderly gusrdieas lIS theycyol.e on their rounds IStraSbourg offers one of the most draJ:llll;t:i.oand emotionalpictures of the War. It is Frattco'sneatest town of importance totheRlllne frontier, for the Kohl bridge which connects its suburb withthe German bank of the Rhine is only twomiles distant. Like thefamous bridge between T,I l . I )a .sCOIl and Beauesirewhich is sa.idoo "divide,"the two towns, the, K.ehl bridge iIlOW divides Franc.e and Germany. Its.fOad.waybas been dismantled and at e:ither end strollgly armed forces

Left .bove I. the ,.".cua.lon .!'d.P that, wu' po d 'throughout 8tr ...bou"lIt . " . 1 : 1 It III.... 1.,.tpucU"n., to tho Inh.bltant. .r .. "h '...... d of th.,"Ity to , tllel .. hom .. Imm,di.l:4Ill!'_ Tlloy t,otaka with th.m 'ODd'!) ....... nd dey., w provlel. til.m ". of van_por'. Ino'l"dlng,,,.'11101 nd1101'_""i.e Ilia". b.. n Nqul.IU d '. and W ,,"'10.wth 'th.m an.nlmal. and na"-~rl.h.bl. rood. In Ut. t...o law... photog.,. ."".lb_ r .. glw 01 ,IN ".owallon ... '. ' ...... LeH", .t,,,",,along ...hlc" on... 'til. aut, of till "aoll .... ' drlv.. Il,,urt, CArrjllng hi' hou_bold goodRlllhl, I, on. of & 1 1 _ ;It,'. tq....... of wblch plgHnllu.d O..-d., Mobil. _. now Ih. 0.1'11,_"p.nt,.I'b4'a., B.N.A. _lid Cl1fU'lt.f7 f if th. i 'TC!&A E!II/J lm) ,


21/32

H isto r ic C ity o f Fran ce Em ptied o f 220 1, ,000 Soul s

ne 'Kehl 'b..hillle urou the A.hln." 0 calhtd I!au 1\ ,., on ilt. road to IKIIM,Uu. ,n..... d. 'Quma.n lown to ".hll Rilin. willel! h.... "orme' lh.I ' b.tw .... Fran ... _d Ch"many, III,_n .. b o . . . . . . . " h, ,... 'nneand Imp ..... I,..,Wu(Otu ..... It wu In _~lim. lrom lit" ,. ... nch ,.nd,... " ' right I. the brldtte r" '1M ,...... "I_point wl1h lb pproac" Ih... l1l1undbagliled and lIuarded, by cona...w bloc'khouH Iow I. ~h.onc. bu ., .qu In '''011'&01 .' .... bourg ,... n",.y ,_Cion" naw aampl.tely " ..... hd' except I'llp tw.. Gard :M..bil .maintain a constant vigil. Here is theIleal stuff of drama and we lire fortunate-t.hanks to the co-operation of theFrench Emb!l.S!+y-to be able to ofterour resdera these views of Suft l lDourgbefore and after evacuatiea,Tbe inhabitants scattered oyer Fl':ancein temporary sheltersbave here theassurance that neither damage fromthe ,enemy action, !lor from robbers 01'evil-doers has befallen their homes ...despite foul lies circulated by Naziwireless. Wben comes the final day ofvictory for the Allies it is to be hopedthat the antique beauty of Strasbourgmay have I!urvived to cheer its return-.illg towusfolk.

0". '0' the wond.... '0' B\r,.. lIo....', .. th., ut..n..mlc.l ol'OGk I'n t " ' . '.Ollth tr~.ep\ 01''th. IWUllehr1u.n I.ft. It wu clln.vucl6d lin 1838-42: la,,..pl.o. an. m.d. In 1574, In the '..... c!look om. 01 lb., d_r,aU". 1.,.lntlnlle, of ,the ,old ol_k " ' ban '!lnd'. WII," til. c.1'OGk.irel!!.... "atw.ct. o!"Owd. or .llIhu. ..... , Th. ho" ....... , , , , . . . 1 0 ; lin bell Iby' .n an " wllU. "'- t_l Apo .t,l ppea,. ,aroundtill. clook., Th. 1I"'.t~'.. ha. be.n 'tII'ken to ,avllid d.maga 'to " .. , Inb.lo,. decoNl.tl'ona, IP........l ... 'And baa. " Ionn cI and the mil... danA" work h IP"o~cI,bj .. ~v ... In... r plaehr. Right, tha pr'IIt.ct:I,,,a,wor1


22/32

1 1 1 0 Nowmhw U lih. 1 93 11

Wo.rth Noting Tod.ay and Re-reading In Years to ComeAny Repilrm.ent l'.M.Tanner. member of the Finnish delega-tion to Moscow, saved Stalin's LUe in 1905when the latter was a young revolutionaryrefugee, by protecting kim from the Russiansecret police.Army Plieons

The Belgian anny has at its disposal alarge contingent of carrier plgeons, DuringU1C Great W8.I" the birds rendered invaluableservice. IlJ1d it is possible that militarizedpigeons may be needed again . in ,emergency.., As the 'Twia: is Bent . , .,"TIle German High Command has orderedschoolteachers to educate ehildren on moremilitaristic lines. The chemistry COI lT ! >C mustinclude lessons on chemical warfare andtheuse of I r - l l \ e> l . History lessons must stressGerman military achlevements: mathe-matics must include ballistics.U.'Boa.t Commander ApoIO.liz.ed,~,rhell a German submarine stopped theFrench steamer .. Vermont" by shell fife,the commander, having seen the crew safelytransferred to their boats, ,exp!ainctl: .. ~tis not my fault I have to do this, but war rswar. Iam sorry."Bu1llarlan Beechn,uts for 'Germa'nJ'Germany will take unlimited quantities ofbeechnuts. which are rich in vegetable oil,So .Ilulgariall schoolchlldren were given aweek's holiday to gather them lor export,:Slorva lk IReserve ArmyAll male Slovaks who areover 16 years of ,age arerequired to join ihe HlinkaGuard, thus forming a reservearmy. They are to receive athorough military training.

New Source of CelluhlleA company has been formedin GeTmany for the productionof cellulose from potato tops.This I: ; to be used in the.paper industry.Goebbell Closed D'ownFrench machine gunnerstrained their suns all. a Germanpr op a.ga.nd a loud-speakermounted on a car near thef:ront line-e-and silenced it.MobUldng FishwivesThe )linistry of Supplyrequires hundreds of thousandsof nets to lise in the camcnflageof guns, buildings, ctc., andhas appealed to fishing v Illagesfor help.

More :Rev,l5!:on of Frontlel'll'German booksellers havebeen ordered to band over tothe l"azi Government all mapsof France, l3c1~um andHolland which they have illstock.DOli!' Welco'tr!eBrittsh dog-lovers arc post-ing on their gates copies of anotice issued by the '~ational.CaD. iD. e Defence League:uYon are not allowed to takeyour clog into an air-raid.shelter, but both you and'your canine Iriend are wei-come here I:\Th.en a wa,rniag illgiven."

Future IMonalrch 1The successor to the Prussian thronerecognised by the Hohenecllerns is PrinceLouis Ferdinand, a grandson of the ex-Kaiserand born in 1907. He is now a tlightlie lltcJlantill the German A.ir Force,M'uslcall GuidesMembers of the Remscheid (Rheinland)Philharmonic Orchestra have offered, as aninducement to timid patrons, to see themhome in the black-outatrer the concerts,

En.,land the EnemyLoud-speakers the whole length of theRhine front broadcast incessantly thatGermany does :not want to light agaiJJstFrance,Ban em Rel 'l llo:nIn tae parts of Poland anne-xed by Stalin,Russian is being introduced as {be mainlanguage. The teacbing of religion. in th eschools lis forbidden.Gra.ln for Germ ...n)'Russia bas agreed to supply the Nazis with1,000,000 tons of grain and cereals, deliveryto be eompteted iD two months,. .. H,itJler 'Calendar" InYugo.lalaThe "Hitler Calendar of Agg:ression."compiled by "The Times," was translatedand circulated by a Yugoslav periodical,." Vidic]." ]t met with great success, butGerman threats have caused .. Vidici " to besuppressed.

MiCkey MOUle 1MasksSpecial "Mickey Mouse" gas-masks iI:various colours and having separa to eye-pieces and a little nose are being mode Imsmall children who are repelled by U][ordinary ones,Food Problems at the ZooPenguins, whonormally will cat only fish,are being fobbed oH .....tb raw meat dipped incod-liver oil,

Another' Source of ",,rYesGerman children are ;,rettiug 'into troublebecause they bave discovered that by blow-ing down the spout of a water-can they canimitate an air-raid siren.Pol'lInd'\Ii Gold ReserveThe . l xs .ooo,ooo brought by devious waysfrom the vaults of a Warsa.w bank. to Pariswill be kept by the Polish Govermnent toform a reserve for a restored Polish currencyin the rcconsti tutcd Poland.K,eeplng U1p'Their SpIritsThe; consumption of alcohol in GormanyLas risen J50 per cent since Hitler came intopower.Natural' A.R.P. SheltersThe eaves at Blackheath, which weredosed in I853, have been roop'ened by orderof Greenwich Borough Council, who are con-sidering their usc as air-raid shelters.Ba,5 of BagsAn order Ior 500.000',000 sandbags hasbeen placed with. the IndianJute :\Jills Association by thet3riti5h Government.

Kultur fOF Po~landBy request of Goebbels, aparty 0 .1 German poets b.asbeen touring the Polish pro-vinces, beginning; at Danzig.The, Right SpIritOwing to the need foreconomy, Hackney Boroughhail to sack. a number of iLsr-ai.l A.R.P. wardens. Butiuure than half those dismissedru l umed to work on a. voluntaryb . r \ . . ; S I ~ .Dev.Olstated WarsawAccording to Dr. OUo,German Mayor of Warsaw,cw er one-th ird of the houseshan; bee-n completely des.rroyrd, and one-filth badlydamaged. Artillery was cl)icflyresponsible fur 1he destruction.Charlemaa:ne, EVilcuatedTreasures of AachenCathedral, ncar the WesternFront, which have been re-moved into the interior, includethe remains of Charlemagne,who died in S'4,IPollon Penl,Germany has caused leafletsto be distributed in Italyrepeating tho lie that poison.gas was supplied by Britain tothe Poles.

MR. PU'NOH'S N,AZI PROPA'OIoNDA ... ilFII.,ET8No. '.~HD" Ih. o"..a 'War Plot. g.lnd 'O.rmll")!' bellan, P.b"uar,r27,'I9:J3Jita", ti_


23/32

Not~'I8tTl. 1939 snTra in in g to Fight En emy Fir e-M aker s/

Wllh lit.g.....tp..... ur...,""..tn' prcod'!ic.dlby the mad. on f I _ N - C ump. thn. I... dron,g "*,,d'lInqro!' 'hll Inonl., to IM'lol'Cadl upwardl and ,It t.ak.. ,two mlln to ,II...ot "h.I'.t. Th lwo'IiIrllm."t,I.H,) u. pia" .... on,.. "","lIlI'el ",""e.gll lilt 8 ..1111,,1'}'w:lllc;lII ., bl.zlng '1IIIn"ly" A'ght, t " .tan' 0'1.. London "I'm ,Ire b.lng .lIown howto d... 1with an InC'!!d'il;rll' bomb.P,Iwlln. lC'),11"" .. ' li l II",.~rtd Pr,~u


24/32

91 2mE SCENES NAZI PRISONN CAMPSEHINDNo mo.re terrible record of buman depravitya.nd brutalily,can be imagined. than thatgivenillihe Government White Paper (CMD 6IZ0): .. Papers Concerning the Tr,eat-ment ,of GermllDl Nationals In . Germany, 1938-39," selections from, which follow.

whip. A third S.S. man held tho victim's jll.W8tO l ;! eth er to s tiB .e a ny c rie s, Some o f tho olderprisoners, unable to . work :I'~t, were flogged intIns inlm man way for l a .z i ne 8 l l' . A f t 1 l f the flo~-ging the viotim was mado to take down bUItrousers and display his, b lo od y R trip es to an6.S. man, whos ;e bu s lne sa itWyto j ud ge w h etb 81 'tho Il IB b had been strongly Iln.ough Ia.id on , . Another p l ln iBhmont \ v a . ! ! that known II.!!... tree- binding," lind tho guards showed gNatl[lvenlivcnes.s in developing th e possibilit'ics 0 .1this torture, If only & slight offence ha d booncommitted, th.e prisoners would. be bound to thobee in BUch a war toot ther stood facing it"and as if embracfug it, thm r hand!! pinionedtogethlir, Tho straps. that bound them would bepulled .M t ight that they could ~ly move ..The guards would no w pll lly .. mo ny .g o.. co ll nd ..with them, that is, they would force them tomake their w""Y round lind round the tree, IItl'lIlY cou ld not move q!lickly enough it. W811uaual to help them by kicking tbcir ankles.F O R the JewB arrested in seuth andwest Germany, Dnchau Oamp waSthe place of conccntm tion. W Fites Con-su]G'encral Carvell of Munich to LordiHalifu pall. 6, 1 989) :Apparently tho firat day of c l lp ti vi tYWl Il I 0 11 .0of Indeacribable horror, ainco no released prisonerhaa been a.bl.o or willing to llpeak about it.On eo:tering the camp evelj' prisoner had hiahead shaved, and WY given I!.coarse l inen prison,suit with a. .. S t . o . c f ()f David." Sl.arnprd in yellowupon it. Itseoma that no other clothing waspror id!ld.eVlen after th e onset of. cxtrClllowinter weather. Undetelothing could, however,00 bought &t tho ,oanteon at a price. T'Il\'ohundred to 300 pel"SOIlIl were crowded togetherin hots originaUy' built .f()f si.xty to eightyp! ' r80ns. Some prisoners ap~c to h av e slept onthe bam boards, but moit had IItra.\II. A t firsteach.person had oll. l .yone .tb: in blanket, but, ' :lowBornehave two, The f ood IIIof th e mught\St kind.an d the Jews receive only half the quanl. it icrs

allowed to the Aryan prlsonera, Six persona eat.ou~ of thesame disb.T o q uo te the iirtroou.ction to the BritishWhit,e Paper, ~.under the presentregimethe conditions in G erm any i.tself arereminiscent of the darlrest ages in thehiato ry o f man."

strapped. He, was then b en t o ve r . 1 1 . pole I lDd his.head w as seeured bet~VOOD. two bomontal bars.Me n w ere giveD up to f lft.y strokes, e l :OOp t in theC I U i e o f p rom is cu ou e f I. Q gg in .gi.nft.iated fo r . B p o r t ,and each guam W!IS only allowed to infiiot 'tenI!lShi:8 lest ru s strength ,gave out. (Flo!!lPog W811o~ered for trill#ng ollences &\lQh. all not ]umpitlSto attention qUick ly or n ot o be ym g an order. Arabbi W ! 1 1 3 flogged because he ref1l8lld to sign hisname on the Sabbath. He was theD tbreabenedwitb a" 6 0 0 0 . n d f lo gg in g. H is sp irit was too wl l&kand he sIgned.) Some diod stretched betweentho poles, Those who IlIlrvived were, Idckedback io.to the shod. In the daytimll! tbefloggings took place in public ! l o S a. waming to .theothers, Some went msd, They "'cm thenchained Dp :a lld & ea.ck tied. round their heeds tos ti l le t :h e if shouts."In present-day G e.rm any," stated 8('former prisoner, " no word strikes greatertenor inpeople's hea.rts th9.nthe name,of Buchenw ald .." W ith good reason ,Even Blight. offences--dri .nkingoolIl.ow8. te . l 'during worldng hOM!-weTC punish.ed 'b y tbe8.S. with 1088 of middaymeal aDd with havingto stand to .attention IarfODr houra during th eshort .. free p erio d ..nOTntal ly allowoo. onSundays.. Eut the mainpunishmenb W&8 thel! II3 b. A public lI~ iD g

~M given for unnor. 0f Fe nc c s. , f O E in.!!bm.oo,. if.0. 'Prisoner WILlI caught .smoking at work. Atth e end of the aftemoonroll-call, the DUID.ben ofthe prlsonera sentencedto be f logged were readout-there would beseveral 8\TeFy da;y~dthe m en WIIr'e 1 00 outlind bound fast to tbewhipp ing. block. Theueual pU!ll.!shmont,twenty.five strokce witJi" raw hide whip on thebuttocke, ' I l\ '811a.rried outby two hefty S.S. guards,taking tums witb tbe

S IYCE . ~h e N a ti .o ll [l .. l.. Soc ialist P .. rty.., I attalU.e.di to power m 'G erm an y th ere- have been frequent reports ofntroeities committed in the 000000-t.ratioll camps-reports so terrible thatma.ny people ![,efused to believe thathuman nature, even. when stimulated bypolitical passions of the grossest kind,could descend to sueh levels of cruelbehaviour. That the stories were onlytoo true, however, is evidenced by tliedoc um en ts now given to the world .Here, tI O begin witb. is an account byMr. R. T. 8mallbones, His Majes~y'sConswGeoeral at F ran kfort-on-M ain, ofth e experiences 'of a Jew,. well-educatedman, who was arrested by the sec~etpoli.ce'during the anti-Jewish manifesta-

tiona ill November 1938 an d taken wth e :Buchenwald camp, near Weimar.O n arrival they W~I'III driven with kicb I1l1db lows into a ""Tim (lnCI09UJ'1l. (This WII.!Ich&!l(edwith an eleetrie current a .n d m a Iz y wc.re badlyburnt who tried to eecape. 'This comOll from.othor 8OUrce6.) Thlly were then .addre!!aed by tho,commlul lier of the camp, wbo told them whatbe th6ugbt about tho JeW 8. . Th.en everr ina.nhad hish"ir cropped and his mOllStache clippedoff. They had grtlat aport with tho rabbis wlloaer el ig io u. 8 tc n nts d o not a .Uawth1 !m to have theirbeards touched w ith the l IO i s sors Tho camp a.t Bllchenwllld' WI!3 atlb"t timeunder conatructlon and tihill added to t.hedisoomfortll. No wa:tel' was laid '00 and thero'werono latrines. The p ri so n er !! w e re given noWilotcr to drin~t:ho fi.rSt. dayanil nevera.t1ywater fur w,aehmg. (My Irlend above referred t . . ow en t fo r six teen days 'without W I Io I I h i n g eJ::~twhen he c ol le cte d s om e :rain water.) O n thec!ond day my informant was giv 'I) :1 :1!11 0 drink ofho t w ater, fia.voured to ro Pl 'C se Il tO O f ! ee , a ndsomo bNad.. Tho prisoners by then were bAlfcrazy withthint and hunger.During t:ho irati night.guatds oa;_Dloln & n i l :picked ont men at, random and took tbem. out.Bi~o to be Bogged. .Fi: l:ed ' O D . tho grou.nd wefStwo footplatea t . . o whioh the, man's feet We.l ' l l

An .u.mpt WaI,mad'. IbyIII. Na..1O.o.....nm... t to prow. Ihat th.lr 'I..... m."' ,01UI..... _WOU.'all'. ....01'.. 01' ILand..., hud of till.' AaD41-l"o'lltlu U"'''''',m.nt ..o'til. Italian, Q.ov..nm.nt,w .. ,II.u,l~d to '11,1.,,'\1,.aonHnl ... llon GI""'P , I l & "oh .. nh.u n. H., I., .un ,.bo ...., 11".putl"g numbw ,011'".wlloh prl.o!'l." ,. I.ct.d 'ro"" tho.who, ,.how.dl no marlm 0' l".11' 111:~i..a'~m.n&. I!Mh, .on.w n.u.. :.I,,-poln~d Star or Da ld to .h_ th_' to. I. , ..l'hillo. IfJkrltlioltll G,llpiti& Pr.'$.


25/32

NO~l1Ibu 18 J II . 1 939 s r aBri ta in ' s First B ag o f Pr ison er s o f War

'Th. 'Guman ,':I'rman 1M..... n_rUe! b,. anoIIIMr...Uh an um.d IIII.. dat " lrall""a, '.. mlnu. wu theftNt NuJ ,0[.-oMIlt. to u brought 'to ~"don!.

Til:- ,...... d_lna"_, of' an ,o..man prIMn.", '01wa.' I. a mn...., prlMn .ueh " , a t n '" iMttotoa .....udt and .'boll'e. In I , h . tin, , , .I l 1 0 _ . .. ON a , ' .x...ol..b nol.. u... ''-'I 'wijtl ba~, wi'... and w,.t\Oh.d bl! an al'road' .,u...d. ",'boll',UMy .1 " .t","orkblilldlng' .. "d ba.1I d " . , , _ ".,lIln.t .11'r.td .... I'l"Omh.h own countr,.M ANY of the German priaoners have been astonished e.t the conditions inBritain-ftO different from what they had boon led to expect. Tho EVeJ l ing Standard" relates the following concerning the capture of thefirst Nazi airmen inBritain. One young pilot officer clearly believed in theefficacy of his Fuehrer's promised Blitzkrieg.' 'Ta.ke good care how youh&ndle me: he said. ..' There wil l be a rescue pnrty over for me inabout a . month, and what happeus to you then will depend on the way youtreat me now: During the journey to prison camp he passed anumber ofartillery u r u i : e on the march. On arrival he w as given a laT'~eand satisfY~lgdinner. He couldrema:i1Dsilent no longer. 'I cannot understand it,' be said.At bomethey told us that you were defenceless and lltaning on accountof our U-boatblockad.o. .AUd here yo u arc l iv ing like pigs in clever.' '


26/32

The War Rlll.8lralm

tiona 01 Gurrenl,earioon. havel.pp..... dl Inpag.. 121, ,214

and 1f48.

HERB arc more graphio. . c omments on the Euro-pean situation. 'rhey shew'inan}, contrasting moods,frem the grim indic tment o f" T he nRr"c~tof t he ! if o sc ll ll "to Low'a brilliant "Jntcr~minable Overture" and thetypic.ally British guying ofmil: own Government shownin "Fording Time" byJUingworth.

la.low, L.H, The .dl-MatalMod_l-irom I"a ..Malbourln.,.rgu. n Ii ,,,.nINt II 8:UIIYourIMO..', !!idoll ..-from, 'the"D.I'II' Mirror", rlllhi..The ....rvt ..Uh. MONH1-;'rom IID. Gr,Diln. A'mli'ter ..1d!!I,mm.rf~,t


27/32

Novtmbl!l' I 8I A , 1 9 39

We S.awthe First Air-,Raid at RosythH:~ we {'dnt .1 1 ,!ivid~ ul1publ.ishe~. , a cCOU!11 .o f t~e bombing (IfBritish cruisers dunn., Ihe .lirst air-raid on Bntaln wflttea by Mr. A.Neilson, an ex-member orehe fl..A.F. See also the pholo.guph in p, 297.

ON Mo od ay ,. O c to be r 1 6 , 8t2.30 p .m .c my w if e a nd !. I chanced to betravel-ling slowly alonga coast road on the Firthof Forth. at a point exactly oppositetwo cruisers, "Edinburgh" and therI Southampton."Suddenly there waa a loud cfacki,ngnoise which seemed to be within the car,and 'WhicbI i.mmediately diagnosed aa abroken bulf-race, Again I But this timethe cracking noise was a few hundredyards awny and easily rocognii'la.h\e asmachine-gun fire, I stopped the car andjumpe d! . o ut ju st in time to see a greatvolume of water shoot up within sfewyards oCone of the cruisers. "AirRaid l " r called, "Come Oll.t qniek I"The attacker hndgoll.c, but presently

tbe cruisers st.art~d loo~jng their shellsto 0. heigbt of about 6,000 feet. UpA mong the white puffs of smoko my wifbspotted mmetbing, "took, there heis I" As she spoke the machine bankedand eame down in a faeStdive from thewest; Down, down he came, until directlyover the Forth Eridge he released twolnrge bombs whose course we were able tofo llow until they plunged into the rivcrwithin n. few yards of one of the cmiecrs ,Severnl times this happened, and ofthe bom bs which were dropped I should

&'I.y more than one "'.1 B as near as 30yards from one or other of the cruisers.

Certainly !l\ lucky day for them . R ightbehind us ina wood! all. anti-aircraftbattery blll.zeQawny, and as we were notmere than 400 yards from the cruisersthe noise WIlLS terrifle, and aU about uswn ('ouldi bear quite distinctly theorders given on the ships' Icud-apeakers,A s we were on rising ground andlookillg down on tbe scene we had 0.perfec t. \ic w of the w hole affair. My wifeWIlS a bit afraid to . begin witb, but .Iinsisted that we were tremendouslyfortunate to get such a . view and t.hat\\'13 might never bave such a.n uppor-

315

Ey,e Wib:lessStories of gpiso~esInd Ad,entures in theS ec ond G reat W .artunity again. Imay say it was fairlyob..-ious she was satisfied on. this point -but Dot just in the way I intended herto be. I continued to reassure her,however, Bu d pointed out thatther~ WIII lnot 1 1 chance in a mil l ion of a bombdropping rum! us as the mnrksmansbipWtJ,S fa.r too good for thnt. The danger ofshrapnel dropping on us was slight as\\to were too close to nle gnus. One lllrg:cpiece did, however" land within 50 ys.rd~of m y car. Wh ll .~ I d ie l not te ll h er Ilmiwhat I dlued not think about w n.s m ysecret fear of what wouJd have happenedto UB 'if one ofthe bombs had made a luckyhit w helc th.e raider was aiming. . , .]t was u . most thrilling experiencewhich I should not have missed for a.great deal.

They Were Shot Down in the LammermoorsA German aeroplane, attempting reconnaissaace in laeFirth ofForth area on October 28. 1939, was intercepted by British fightersand foroed down-the firSllO crash on British soil. Here arefirst-band impressions, reprimed from the "Observer" and Ihe"News Chronicle," of this dramatic encounter.

SCOTTISfi country folk, and particularly struck a stone wall, and even then the, . . the 000 inhabitants ef Humble, saw pilot would not give up. He tried toBritish fighters chase the Gefman 'plane get the machine ioto the air again, andwhich tried hardi. to shake them off. ran along the ground for about half II>They saw a display of aerobatics which mile before, be had to stop,held! them sperlbound, and finally the " In the air itwas sflne sight. Bri~iahGerman machine forced to earth. 'plallc!lcllll.sed the raider for severalOver one hundred. people gathered on miles, .and. the way tbey looped andn high piece of ground. to watch the grilD turned and twisted il l the air as thec ontest, O ne of them stated : "'l 'he German tried to , get 1I''''a1 was ma.r-' ( llane WRS b ro ug hf , downa .b ou t tw o miles vellous."away. It came down on a hillside, Another eye-witncsssaid tbn,t a Germ::m

WlMn 'thl fI~d Nul anopl.an. wu broullht d'ownon .~IU." &011nlar DalkilUlon~*b 'I\1O'!"oI"'" 01'Ootobu 28, twoor tIM orl"" wn. killed andtIM pUo~WI..wou..d..~. 0''''), till obM........, Lllut', RoIlNI.hoft. "III .abo...., l.tt ... c&pln.llall_InJu~y._ Rig'" r . a "ION-Up' ",;.. ,,_o1thl ammun,lUon.' .. wnamong.' th.. hthlr. The raider I, .. en al'o Inp.p,189 and Gihlr photollraph.appear In , paV.296.P~Olo. "Uo< i' ;/ 'e4 Pr~~,~!Id.D , it i. h P . .. .. ..! lO"n I News


28/32

3H i1 I I II II II IU l i 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

:flu IYa -r lUv.Jlra ie4 Nor:m ~e' Ul tJ I , 1 939'W.A S 'THER E,! 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

'plane came very low over the houses atHnmbie.," 1 heard machine-gun fire and BIlWII 'plane swcnk &C rOS 3 the sk y 'with Britishfighters in close pursuit," he added."The enemy 'plane waa forced downand taxied acroes a field and then wentup aga.in very low and made for theLammermoor Hills, where he was againforced down. The 'plane, went througha waU , and then tax ied alo ng the heatherand. crashed into the hillside."And the verdict of the British experts

was: "A fine'achiev,ement in the circum-staneee; "Whe.Dthe machine came to Ilhalt thepilot was as.~isted out by his .naviga.tor"the only uninjl l~ member of the c rew . .A policeman appeared shortly arter-wards, and the pilot, speaking goodEnglish, said: UWe surrender asprisoners of war. Please sec to mygunnelS in tbe back ~f theairCTaft!'But both gmlDors weredead.The Gorman pilot and bis companionwete taken IllS prisoners to Edinburgb.

W,eWatched a Duel in British SkiesOn October 30, 19'39, II Nazi aeroplane flew over atewn on theNOrl~-ElIsl coast, jjJst a:s p:eopl~ were !l0ing to ~usi!lC:SS' A Br!tishPUrsUIt 'plane engaged It,and du: 'I:nsumg iigbt ISv~'iI),dlydescribedbe low by som e eye-witnesses in" The DiI.ily Telegra.ph:'

A".A.R.P'. storekeeper told. with " The 'plane eventually came down to~~ graphic detail bow the machines within 30 R_of us . lind I could plninlyengaged i n combat. see the black crosses on the underside of" I saw a big black machine," he said ; the wings. I thought the machine WM" it would not be any higher tban 200 ft. going to laud, but it foUowcd the busand was about ahundred yards away and. circled overhead for about threeIeom us. "J'ben a. smaller 'plane loomed minutes.in sight. ~ " At one time I thought the crew were.. The machines were so close to me going to open fiee on us. I could see tbethat. 1 saw the msebine-gunner in the pilot examining t.be bus, a.no it seemedsecond 'plane rise in his sea.t as he fired to me as though he was trying to get h isa number of rounds. bearings from the destill.8.tiotlboard."The first 'plane,. up to this point, "Nothing happened, however, andappeared. to be unaware of the fact tbat eve.ntnaUy the machine turned and flew11:ewas being pursued, but immediately away. As soon as possible I reported thethe first round was fired from the British matter to the police."machine the Nazi dl!l,rt;edoffat a tangent lil.WiLliam Dudgeon, a farmer, said,in a northern direction .. " Whon the 'planes passed my farm theyA milkman said be was going his were going towards thecoast and aboutrounds wben he saw the first "plane passover, but he could not identify it."It had hardly pa.ssed over," he said,.. whena.nother 'plane came in sight. Icould].see the Swastika pla.icnlybeeauseit was Hying dangerously low and therear of the engine was deafening."The machine w as extremely luckynot to strike s ome of tho bighcr buildingsof the tewn, then it made off seawardaand narrowly escaped striking the cliffs."Smoke could be seen. belching fromth e maehinc I1S it made of f ina northerlydirection, and this a.t first led to the beliefthat the machine had crashed. 'However,i. t appears to have got awa.y."A graphic account of bow a Ocrmcu'plane, apparcutly the same aa tha.t overthe coast III few minutes later, flew downto wit.hin about 30 ft. of .1\ motor-bus at aspot in ~OFthumberlaud was given bythe only pa.'1sengerin the bus... 1 had been up in the country for theweek-end" and was returning in thebus," he hid." About 8.25 a.m, I saw.S large black'plane flying very low towards UB, Theconductor and driver thought at firstthat it was a 'British 'plane, but I wasin tbeNaval Air Service in the last warand believed myself that 1tWIllS II. Germant ype . ..

80m., 0' the 2211.ulI'Vlvo ... of th. II".".. York.hl."." att... they' had b.. n , r cued,belnll fttl onboard lhe ,",merlo.n .hamer.. Indap.nd.nce Hall."1 ' 1 101 0 ,K


29/32

Nowmber IS lA , 1 1 )3 0 3171 I I 1 l1 1 I II I II IJ Il I II 1 1 1 1 11 1 1 1 U 1 l 1 II 1 I I I II l Ii ll ll U I I I II II II II II I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 11 1 1 1 1I II I II J I WAS TH, - ,1 I II I I IJ I I I I lT r l n m ; 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 II I I I I I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 11 1 1 I JI I I J IJ 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 11 1 1 1 1 I I1 1 l 1 1 1 1 1 I JI I i lIWar Once More Agains( Women and Children

'va.. . . ell... Y o . to , ." , . .. - " W_ Iunk ,m.n','II,," w . . . . . . . .Id b)l (h. IIf. !M'It.In \IHI'UN oJ whlGh ,n lh. p.... nll.... ' "ad b.. n1"lvu_d'. AlIon, 't"DH uNd Ii!,y the.ur",;!vu., ,,' the '"~o'''k.h'l "I,U drying, .an thl d.ck ,,,I '''_ Am ,lcan .... m...- , " In~~lId._, H.II,,,"The .. Ind.,........". HIli." p.....lold Cop,klklng up'u.. .u,...lvo "f th. ,. 'toMI"In,"".d "\lid75 po.. na '0' 'lII'1 ..Olty ofIIII.d y,," 1'111tholl., Ii'll _,ould .....l*J1d'edlt ,. Fr.nch 110'",,"dlOm. of u..rn'''0 I"n ' 1 1 ' 1 1 1 1 ' 1 " OOmlnllUftor. WI'QpH1111'lank.. 'I'MII,", Keysfon4, A:uoci


30/32

IUS, The War lUwt"aJtld ] ,To.ember ltth, ]939n 1 l 1 l 1 J l 1 l 1 l l 1 l 1 l l 1 l 1 1 1 1 l 1 l 1 l t i 1 l t 1 l t 1 1 l l 1 1 l 1 1 l l 1 1 l 1 l 1 l 1 l 1 l 1 l 1 l 1 l l 1 l 1 l 1 1 l l 1 1 l l 1 l l 1 1 J I I 1 l l 1 1 1 l l 1 l l 1 1 l I WAS THE REI 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1., The officers of the British ships weresublime. On l y two, of them eseaped ;all tho rest went down w i. th th ei r ships.With blood. streaming down bis face andIllthough seriously wounded, the secondofficer of the 'Yorkshire' coolly gaveorders to abandon ship. He continuedat his post with other members of theclIawwho perished."A..ON.G the S\U~'!vors of the" York-shire " wall Mi.,* , Crowder, of Mole-sey, Here iII hl.'1' vi.,tidaccount of thecxper icnc,e ." The attack took place at three-thirtyin the afternoon," she said. "I WIlSasleep in my cabin at the time and wasawakened when the n.diator and a wash-b asin w ere hUIled on . to my bed."The mrst torpedo had struCk:llS. Itwas imm ed iately f ollo wed by two ot.hers.The din from the explosion was terri6.c-unbelievable. Seven miautea later- theship bad sunk and fOI seven and 8 halfhours, i.n an open boat, we weretesaedabout il l a . violent sea, for most of thetime in the dark." We bad all given up hope long beforewe saw the lights of the 'IndependenceHaIL'

IIT he most harrowing thing ahou.t itall was to see people whom you wereunable to help. All the lifeboats OIl thestarboard side were out of usc, eitherdestroyed by fire, or smashedb Iy theconcussion, and the result wall thlit thep ortsid e ba nta w ere te rrib ly o vere ro wd ed ,"The one I w eB in was built to takeseventeen ; there ,,'ore fifty-two of lIS tilit, and it was 0. terrible thing to see people

c lin gin g to b its o f w re ck ag e, or flounderingill the wa,ter, begging in vain to be takenaboard.. . A nd there were other t:errible th.in~.

One woman in our boat had lost her fOUlchildren. She, was demented with griefand we bad to look after and tfytoconsole her as we tossed about hopelesslyin the dlarkncsa."It became dark a.t 5.30 p.m.andJ theseven lifeboats were tied tog,etherandf rom. then until they were picked up fiveand IIbalf hours II I ter they sent up a flareevery half-hour. High seas were runningand one minute the passengers in .3 boatwould look up and see the neighbouringboat riding h ig h. a bo ve them on IIwave;

the ned, it would! be beneath them inatrough.With the exception of one, who WI~Swashed overboaed, ell the ship's officerswere lost, and. two stewards took charge.Without them and their amazingooura.ge, : M i a a Crowder said, everyonewould probably have :been drowned. Thesoldiers, too, were helpful, particularlj'in koae:pingpeople's courage up; tlleyBang" The I.ambeth Walk "and whenthe "Independence Hall" drew ncar,they struck up " T.he Yanks are Coming,"

One Crew While Seeking .AnotberAnsw.ering the call of Ihe torpedoed French tanker" Emile Miguel,"the U.S. line.r .,' Presidenl Harding" came upon two lifeboats ofthe British freighter J-Ieronspool." and took aboard 36 vicrtms,ofanotber U~boat attack. Below are the stories, reprinted from The Times," related by the captains of the swo vessels eencerned.

Saved

T i l E . Un~ted" States liner "PresidentHarding, hor H ag a .t ha.Jf-mast forone of her crew lost overboard, docked inNew York on Ootober 21 with 596 ~-sengera, 36 survivors from the torpedoedBritish freiScbtcr .. Heroaspcol," and acrew o f 3 00 .Ca.ptain Rohelt~, of the .. PresidentHe rd in g, " Q . is o1 o se dl th fl t it was only bychance he had boon able to, rescue thecrew of tbe "Heron.~pooL" At 1.30 p.m.on Fdday, the 13th, he received a mes-sage from the French tanker "EmileMiguet," that m.erely said " attacked bysubmarine." Ile tU lD ed. his smp backtoward th e p os it io n. given by the tanker,which was 200 miles away. Shortly beforemidnight he saw lights f i lU ! h i n g . . Movingtoward them he came upon two Britishlifeboats. Ca .p ta in B a ts on , master of the"Beronsp


31/32

N!1 I !eml iu 1&r .. 1939 3L 9

Towa.,da rIM and, 0 " Ihata.t W ' ." . wh... IMIrOI_ ~. ".'1 V ' ... riM In a _II on u.._r 'wu 'und .. '!tal. Tin. prh,.w O ! !. '" . .. ..ona '01 1111 " N t : to 1Madaptld lO ' au ' I.. 1..

Thl fig u . .. 0' 1:"01,I.. tbl ce, nLd "'_PI_dlJl~~p.....hepa 1.0",l'on'. b.at-k


32/32

3 2 0 OUR DIA RY OF 'THE W ARMondat . Octo.&er3DAdmiralty announced that a destroyerflotilla was in action with two German bom-bers south of the Dogger Bank. No damagewas done to the ships.N1azi r.econnaiiuarll:e 'Ipillne was seenover the nOI'.th-east cout of En~land.British fighter aircraft went up, and after amachine-gun due! the Nazi machine vanishedout to sea in a cloud of smoke.Enemy alrcraft were also reported off thesouth- east coast. Dritish 'planes wcat upto investigate, but did not make contact.Paris reported activity by contact units onthe whole Iront and local activity by artillery.French chaser and reconnaissance aircraftwere intensely active.Air )].i[l.istry announced th.at R.A.F.machines had made extensive reconnaissancesof aerodromes in North Germany. All'planes save one returned safely.Crew of the British steamer "Malabar,"sunk by a 1,;ooaj: on Sunday. were landed.Crews of the trawlers .. St. Nidan" and"Lyu!t It" sunkonFriday night by a . {jbDat.were landed on the Scottish coast by thetrawler" Lady Hogarth .."White Paper 011. the conditions in Xaziconcentration camps was issued by theBritish Government.

Tuesday, October J.Air .:'Itinistry announced the first encounterbetween British. fi~hters and German bombersover French territory, nne of the raiderswas shot down.Paris reported greater artillery activity onboth sides. The Germans made use of theirheavy guns for thetirst time, sbelling a viUageeight miles behind the French lines,M. . :llo]otov, addressing the SupremeCouncil oJ the Soviet Union. attacked BritainIor waglng ~"ar Oil Germ~ny,. but reaffirmedthe neutrality of the t.S.S.R. He gavedetails of the propOsals made to IFlnhmdand Slated. that they had been refused.I mporlant changes were made in theItalian Cabinet, the general result being tostrengtheu Italy's neutrality.It was stated that Britain had decided toJ'cc::ogni~e the Italian occupation o( Albaniaby appointing a consul-general in Tirana.U.S. steamer" City 01 Flint" reported tohave !lfrived at Tromscc, Norway, !lying thoswastika. and to have left Iour hours lateraccompanted by a Norweg ian warship.The Prime :I'finister of Australia announcedthe abandonment of the plan for :I'D Austra-lian expeditionary air force in favour of a.general reconnaissanee s~uadron {or service i . D .and around Great Britain.

Wednesday, ..Novem ber ,Finnish delegation JeU Helslnki to returnto Moscow.Pariarcported that German hea. vy . a .r ti llB~yin and just behind the Siegfried Line hadbcenshelll.nl' the French fortlflcatio;ns.

ami villages several miles behind.R.1\ .l'.aircra.h made succcssfuI recon-naissance flight" ever north-west Germany.Dutch royal decree proclaimed a state ofsiagl) in certain municipalities along thefrontiers and In military inundation zones.Two decrees were sanctioned by the SwissFedoral Government which take 'into accountthe possibility of invasion of Swiss territory,Lord XU. ffi.eld a.ppoin1.e

The War Illustrated 1939-11-18

Documents