THE UNITED NATIONS 193 Member States. According to the UN website, the organization has 4 main purposes: To keep peace throughout the world. To development.

THE UNITED NATIONS

193 Member States

According to the UN website, the organization has 4 main purposes:

• To keep peace throughout the world.• To development friendly relations among

countries.• To help nations work together to improve the

lives of poor people; to conquer hunger, disease and literacy; and to encourage respect for each other’s rights and freedoms.

• To be a centre for harmonizing the actions of nations to achieve these goals.

(Source: http://www.un.org/en/aboutun/index.shtml)

What are the main bodies of the United Nations?

• General Assembly• Economic & Social Council

(ECOSOC)• International Court of Justice• The Trusteeship Council• The Secretariat

General Assembly(Source: http://www.un.org/en/mainbodies/

• The General Assembly is the main deliberative organ of the UN and is composed of representatives of all Member States. The work of the United Nations year-round derives largely from the mandates given by the General Assembly. A revitalization of the Assembly is under way to enhance its role, authority, effectiveness and efficiency.

The Economic & Social Council(Source: http://www.un.org/en/mainbodies/)

• The Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC), established by the UN Charter, is the principal organ to coordinate the economic, social and related work of the United Nations and the specialized agencies and institutions. Voting in the Council is by simple majority; each member has one vote.

The International Court of Justice(Source: http://www.un.org/en/mainbodies/)

• The International Court of Justice, located at the Hague in the Netherlands, is the principal judicial organ of the United Nations. It settles legal disputes between states and gives advisory opinions to the UN and its specialized agencies. Its Statute is an integral part of the United Nations Charter.

• It has 15 judges.

The SecretariatSource: http://www.un.org/en/mainbodies/

• The Secretariat carries out the day-to-day work of the Organization. It services the other principal organs and carries out tasks as varied as the issues dealt with by the UN: administering peacekeeping operations, surveying economic and social trends, preparing studies on human rights, among others.

THE UN SECURITY COUNCILSource: http://globalinfoblog.wordpress.com/2012/03/12/would-security-council-enlargement-make-the-council-more-effective/

Source: http://www.croatia.org/crown/articles/9310/1/Croatia-Wins-Vote-for-UN-Security-Council-Seat-Political-and-diplomatic-influence.html

The United Nations Security CouncilKey Facts

• The Security Council has 15 members.• There are five permanent members of the

Security Council (USA, UK, France, Russia & China)

• Each of the permanent members has VETO power.

• There are 10 non permanent members elected for a period of 2 years.

• There is a rotating presidency. Members take turn in holding the presidency at the security council for one month.

United Nations Security CouncilSummary of Purpose

• Under the Charter, the Security Council has primary responsibility for the maintenance of international peace and security.

• The Security Council takes the lead in determining the existence of a threat to the peace or act of aggression. It calls upon the parties to a dispute to settle it by peaceful means and recommends methods of adjustment or terms of settlement.

• In some cases, the Security Council can resort to imposing sanctions or even authorize the use of force to maintain or restore international peace and security.

• The Security Council also recommends to the General Assembly the appointment of the Secretary-General and the admission of new Members to the United Nations. And, together with the General Assembly, it elects the judges of the International Court of Justice.

What are the official languages of the United Nations?

There are 6 official language of the United Nations. They are:• Arabic• Chinese• English• French• Russian• Spanish

Before the United Nations:The League of Nations

Source: http://www.un.org/en/aboutun/history/index.shtml

• The forerunner of the United Nations was the League of Nations, an organization conceived in similar circumstances during the first World War, and established in 1919 under the Treaty of Versailles "to promote international cooperation and to achieve peace and security." The International Labour Organization was also created under the Treaty of Versailles as an affiliated agency of the League. The League of Nations ceased its activities after failing to prevent the Second World War.

Brief History of the United Nations(Source: http://www.un.org/en/aboutun/history/index.shtml)

• The name "United Nations", coined by United States President Franklin D. Roosevelt was first used in the Declaration by United Nations of 1 January 1942, during the Second World War, when representatives of 26 nations pledged their Governments to continue fighting together against the Axis Powers.

Brief History of the United Nations(Source: http://www.un.org/en/aboutun/history/index.shtml

• 1945, representatives of 50 countries met in San Francisco at the United Nations Conference on International Organization to draw up the United Nations Charter. Those delegates deliberated on the basis of proposals worked out by the representatives of China, the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom and the United States at Dumbarton Oaks, United States in August-October 1944. The Charter was signed on 26 June 1945 by the representatives of the 50 countries. Poland, which was not represented at the Conference, signed it later and became one of the original 51 Member States.

• The United Nations officially came into existence on 24 October 1945, when the Charter had been ratified by China, France, the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom, the United States and by a majority of other signatories.

• United Nations Day is celebrated on 24 October each year.

What are the achievements of the UN?(Source: 10 Facts About the UN: http://www.un.org/en/aboutun/index.shtml)

• Provides food to 90 million people in 70 countries.• Vaccinates 58% of the world’s children saving, 2.5 million

lives a year.• Assist over 35 million refugees and people fleeing war,

famine or prosecution.• Combats climate change – heads a campaign to end leaded

fuel use in over 100 nations• Keeps peace with 120,000 peacekeepers in 16 operation on

4 continents. • Fights poverty, helping 37 million rural poor achieve better

lives in the last 30 years.

What are the achievements of the UN?(Source: 10 Facts About the UN: http://www.un.org/en/aboutun/index.shtml)

• Protects and promotes human rights on site and through 80 treaties/declarations.

• Mobilizes 12.4 billion in humanitarian aid to help people affected by emergencies.

• Advances democracy, assisting some 30 countries a year with their elections.

• Promotes maternal health, saving the lives of 30 million woman a year.

What are the future goals of the United Nations?The Millennium Development Goals

Source: http://www.thegreenmarketoracle.com/2011/10/food-production-and-un-millennium.html

Secretary General

The current UN Secretary General is Ban Ki-Moon

The questions about the Secretary General which follow this slide are sourced from:

http://www.unsgselection.org/content/files/unsgselectionorg-overviews/frequently-asked-questions-the-selection-process-for-the-un-secretary-general/97#Q1

How long is the term of Secretary-General?

• GA Resolution 11/1 (1946) specified that the first term of the first Secretary-General would be for five years, with the possibility to renew for an additional five-year term. Since then, terms have been based on this five-year precedent, but the GA and Security Council have exercised their flexibility (also set out in GA Resolution 11/1) to modify the terms of contentious candidates.

• Proposals have been made to replace the current system with a single seven-year term without reelection. Canada is one proponent of this change, which it believes will remove the pressure of a second confirmation from the SG’s actions.

What is the role of the UN Secretary-General and how has this position evolved and affected the work of the

United Nations?

• Originally defined as the “chief administrative officer” in the UN Charter, the role of the Secretary-General has evolved according to the initiatives of its successive office-holders.

• The UN Charter describes the SG as the “chief administrative officer” of the UN and bestows the SG with the authority to bring matters to the attention of the Security Council.

Agencies/Institutions of the United Nations

• Food & Agriculture Organization (FAO)• International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO)• International Fund for Agriculture Development (IFAD)• International Labor Organization (ILO)• International Maritime Organization (IMO)• International Monetary Fund ** (IMF)• United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund (UNICEF)• United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR)• United Nations Educational, Scientific & Cultural Organization (UNESCO)• United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO)• World Bank Group **• World Health Organization (WHO)• World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO)• World Meteorological Organization (WMO)• World Tourism Organization (UNWTO)• International Atomic Energy Agency** (IAEA)

** The IMF, the World Bank, & IAEA are institutions in the United Nations system, but operate independently of UN control.

UNICEF

Source: http://laradiodelsur.com/?p=77733

Source: http://www.lapatilla.com/site/2012/09/12/unicef-reconoce-el-compromiso-de-uruguay-para-erradicar-la-mortalidad-infantil/

Source: http://www.lapatilla.com/site/2012/09/26/el-fc-barcelona-y-unicef-juntos-en-la-accion-social/

Source: http://www.facebook.com/pages/UNICEF-Venezuela/116107954344

UNICEF

• UNICEF is the driving force that helps build a world where the rights of every child are realized. We have the global authority to influence decision-makers, and the variety of partners at grassroots level to turn the most innovative ideas into reality. That makes us unique among world organizations, and unique among those working with the young.

(Source: http://www.unicef.org/about/who/index_introduction.html)

What are the focus areas for UNICEF?

• Child Survival & Development• Basic Education & Gender equality• HIV/AIDs & children• Child Protection• Policy Advocacy and protecton

UNESCO

http://www.azulvital.com/2011/07/unesco-reconoce-buenas-practicas-de.html http://diexismovenezolano.blogspot.com/2012/02/la-unesco-prepara-el-dia-mundial-de-la.html

http://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/World_Heritage_Site

UNESCOThe United Nations Educational, Scientific &

Cultural Organization• The United Nations Organization for Education, Science and

Culture (UNESCO) was founded on 16 November 1945. • UNESCO has 195 Members and eight Associate Members. It

is governed by the General Conference and the Executive Board. The Secretariat, headed by the Director-General, implements the decisions of these two bodies.

• The Organization has more than 50 field offices around the world. Its headquarters are located at Place de Fontenoy in Paris, France, in in an outstanding, Modernist building inaugurated in 1958 and recently renovated.

(Source: http://www.unesco.org/new/en/unesco/about-us/)

UNESCOWorld Heritage Sites

• UNESCO is very famous for recognizing World Heritage Sites.

• The World Heritage List includes 962 properties forming part of the cultural and natural heritage which the World Heritage Committee considers as having outstanding universal value.

• These include 745 cultural , 188 natural and 29 mixed properties in 157 States Parties. As of September 2012, 190 States Parties have ratified the World Heritage Convention.

UN OrganizationsWorld Health Organization (WHO)

Source: http://www.mylifesubstance.com/tag/world-health-organization

What is the purpose of WHO?

WHO is the directing and coordinating authority for health within the United Nations system. It is responsible for providing leadership on global health matters, shaping the health research agenda, setting norms and standards, articulating evidence-based policy options, providing technical support to countries and monitoring and assessing health trends.

Source: http://www.who.int/about/en/

When was WHO founded?When is World Health Day?

• When diplomats met to form the United Nations in 1945, one of the things they discussed was setting up a global health organization.

• WHO’s Constitution came into force on 7 April 1948 – a date we now celebrate every year as World Health Day.

(Source: http://www.who.int/about/history/en/index.html)

What are the core function of WHO?(Source: http://www.who.int/about/role/en/index.html)

• providing leadership on matters critical to health and engaging in partnerships where joint action is needed;

• shaping the research agenda and stimulating the generation, translation and dissemination of valuable knowledge;

• setting norms and standards and promoting and monitoring their implementation;

• articulating ethical and evidence-based policy options;• providing technical support, catalysing change, and building

sustainable institutional capacity; and• monitoring the health situation and assessing health trends.

What is the WHO agenda?(Source: http://www.who.int/about/agenda/en/index.html)

1. Promoting Development.2. Fostering Health Security.3. Strengthening Health Systems.4. Harnessing, Research, Information &

Evidence.5. Enhancing Partnerships.6. Improving Performance.

International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)

Source: Text & Photo: http://www.iaea.org/About/

The IAEA is the world's center of cooperation in the nuclear field. It was set up as the world´s "Atoms for Peace" organization in 1957 within the United Nations family. The Agency works with its Member States and multiple partners worldwide to promote safe, secure and peaceful nuclear technologies.

Key Facts - IAEA

• The IAEA Secretariat is headquartered at the in Vienna, Austria.

• There are 155 member states.• The three pillars are: Safety & Security Science & Technology Safeguards & Verification • The General Conference is the highest

policymaking body of the IAEA.