The Scientific Revolution

The Scientific Revolution

The Scientific Revolution

What comes to mind when you think of the word revolution?

1. Are revolutions necessarily violent? Can they be peaceful, without bloodshed?2. What are appropriate ways to create change when you dont like whats going on?3. Whats freedom? Whats truth? Are these worth fighting for?4. Who are the authority figures in your life? Should you always be obedient to them?Ptolemy Who?Astronomer from ancient Greece

Taught that the Earth was the center of the universeEverything revolves around EarthEven the Sun!

Ptolemy Importance / Influence?Views agreed with common sense

Accepted by Catholic ChurchGod made the earth the center of the universe Heavens are all around us

The Scientific Revolution

Date?: 1500-1700

What else is going on?

What else is going on?

What else is going on?

What else is going on?ReformationMartin Luther, John Calvin, King Henry VIII

Counter-reformationInquisition, Index of Forbidden Books

ExplorationColumbian Exchange: new products, ideasCopernicus Accomplishments?Heliocentric TheoryThe Sun is the center of the universe

Copernicus Reactions?Ideas conflicted with PtolemyDangerous, called all knowledge into question!! Rejected by experts and Catholic Church

How can you say such things!!Kepler Accomplishments?Used data collected by other scientists

With math, argues in support of Copernicus and heliocentric theory

Discovers planetary motion Elliptical orbits of the planets

Kepler Reactions?Also rejected, even ignored!!

Cmon people! Why are you so resistant to change??

Galileo Accomplishments?Built a powerful new telescopeCould see more of the solar system

Observed Jupiters moons in orbit, craters on moon, and sun spots

Supported heliocentric theory

Galileo Reactions?Condemned by Church

Tried by Inquisition

Forced to go back on his views

Nevertheless, it does not move.

William Harvey Accomplishments?Described the way blood circulates in the body

Demonstrated how the heart pumps blood

William Harvey Reaction?At first criticized

Accepted by the end of his lifetime

Issac Newton Accomplishments?Used mathematics to explain laws of gravityGravity is what anchors the solar system togetherAnd it makes things fall to Earth, too

Legend: inspired by seeing an apple fall

Issac Newton Reactions?At first criticized

Later acquired fame and international fansKnighted by the royalty

Significance of the Scientific Revolution1) Emphasis on reason and systematic observation of nature

2) Formulation of the scientific method

3) Expansion of scientific knowledge

The Age of Reason

New form of literature evolvedthe novelFirst modern novel:Don Quixote

Author:Miguel de Cervantes

D on Quixote is a middle-aged gentleman from the region of La Mancha in central Spain. Obsessed with the chivalrous ideals touted in books he has read, he decides to take up his lance and sword to defend the helpless and destroy the wicked. After a first failed adventure, he sets out on a second one with a somewhat befuddled laborer named Sancho Panza, whom he has persuaded to accompany him as his faithful squire. In return for Sanchos services, Don Quixote promises to make Sancho the wealthy governor of an isle. On his horse, Rocinante, a barn nag well past his prime, Don Quixote rides the roads of Spain in search of glory and grand adventure. He gives up food, shelter, and comfort, all in the name of a peasant woman, Dulcinea del Toboso, whom he envisions as a princess. Don Quixote quotesNobody is forgotten when it is convenient to remember him.

I have other fish to fry.

All that glistens is not gold.

The pen is the tongue of the mind.Baroque ArtCharacteristics:Use of light, emotions, and movement

Artists:Peter Paul RubensFlemish painter

Supper at Emmaus (Caravaggio)

But Caravaggio was interested in painting realistic scenes and people, NOT in glossing over the truth. So his paintings were rough and real, taken straight from his own life and surroundings.

After an apprenticeship of four years near his home town, Caravaggio went to Rome and began working as a painter. His work caught the attention of the Church and the general public, although not always in a good way. Controversy revolved around his use of prostitutes for models in his paintings of the Virgin Mary, as well as when he depicted some of the disciples as common working-class folk instead of noble philosophers. Among the younger artists of Rome, his style was accepted and copied, and ultimately led to the Baroque period of painting. The commissioned work he created for various churches, on the other hand, was often returned to him with a request that it be repainted in a less sinful manner.

Baroque PeriodJohann Sebastian BachComposerComplex religious works

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zuHQgmoSKGs

Classical ArtCharacteristics:Paintings of Roman and Greek culturesMore formal, less exaggeration (less drama) Artist:Jacques Louis- David

Classicism, in the arts, refers generally to a high regard for classical antiquity, as setting standards for taste which the classicists seek to emulate. The art of classicism typically seeks to be formal and restrained

Oath of the Horatii - Jacques Louis David

The painting illustrates the three sons of Horatius swear on their swords, held by their father, that they will defend Rome to the death.

Which is which? Baroque or Classical?

Classical PeriodWolfgang Amadeus MozartComposerPerformerOperas, symphonieshttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aZD9nt_wsY0&feature=related

Romantic MovementCharacteristics:ImaginationFeelingIntuitionArtist:Eugene DelacroixFrench Painter

Liberty Leading the People (1830)

New technologies:Agricultural RevolutionNew designs in farm tools increased productivity Jethro Tulls seed drill

New technologies:All-weather roads improved year- round transport and trade.Improvements in ship design lowered the cost of transport. Steamships (powered by coal) could carry 10-20 times the cargo (goods) of older wooden ships