1 AF / January 2012 The Romantic Age 1785-1839 Snow Storm: Hannibal and his army crossing the Alps, JMW Turner (1812) Contents Robert Burns: A Red, Red Rose .............................................................................................. 2 William Blake: The Lamb........................................................................................................ 3 William Blake: The Tyger ....................................................................................................... 4 William Blake: London ............................................................................................................ 5 William Wordsworth: Composed Upon Westminster Bridge, September 3, 1802 .................. 6 Tina Dickow: Copenhagen....................................................................................................... 7 Samuel Taylor Coleridge: The Rime of the Ancient Mariner (excerpt) .................................. 8 Iron Maiden: Rime of the Ancient Mariner ........................................................................... 10 Lord Byron: She Walks In Beauty ......................................................................................... 13 Jane Austen: Emma (excerpt) ................................................................................................ 14 Mary Shelley: Frankenstein (excerpt) .................................................................................... 15 Walter Scott: Ivanhoe (excerpt) ............................................................................................. 17
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1 AF / January 2012
The Romantic Age
1785-1839
Snow Storm: Hannibal and his army crossing the Alps, JMW Turner (1812)
Contents
Robert Burns: A Red, Red Rose .............................................................................................. 2
William Blake: The Lamb ........................................................................................................ 3
William Blake: The Tyger ....................................................................................................... 4
William Blake: London ............................................................................................................ 5
William Wordsworth: Composed Upon Westminster Bridge, September 3, 1802 .................. 6
Tina Dickow: Copenhagen ....................................................................................................... 7
Samuel Taylor Coleridge: The Rime of the Ancient Mariner (excerpt) .................................. 8
Iron Maiden: Rime of the Ancient Mariner ........................................................................... 10
Lord Byron: She Walks In Beauty ......................................................................................... 13
Jane Austen: Emma (excerpt) ................................................................................................ 14
Mary Shelley: Frankenstein (excerpt) .................................................................................... 15
Walter Scott: Ivanhoe (excerpt) ............................................................................................. 17
2 AF / January 2012
Robert Burns: A Red, Red Rose
O my luve's like a red, red rose,
That's newly sprung in June;
O my luve's like a melodie
That's sweetly play'd in tune.
As fair art thou1, my bonnie lass
2,
So deep in luve am I;
And I will love thee3 still, my dear,
Till a' the seas gang4 dry.
Till a' the seas gang dry, my dear,
And the rocks melt wi' the sun:
I will luve thee still, my Dear,
While the sands o'life shall run.
And fare thee weel5, my only Luve!
And fare thee weel, a while!
And I will come again, my Luve,
Tho' it were ten thousand mile!
(1796)
1 thou = you 2 bonnie lass = pretty girl 3 thee = you 4 gang = go 5 fare thee weel = goodbye
3 AF / January 2012
William Blake: The Lamb
Little Lamb, who made thee?
Dost thou know who made thee?
Gave thee life, and bid thee feed6
By the stream and o'er the mead7;
Gave thee clothing of delight,
Softest clothing, woolly, bright;
Gave thee such a tender voice,
Making all the vales8 rejoice?
Little Lamb, who made thee?
Dost thou know who made thee?
Little Lamb, I'll tell thee,
Little Lamb, I'll tell thee:
He is called by thy9 name,
For he calls himself a Lamb.
He is meek10
, and he is mild;
He became a little child.
I a child, and thou a lamb.
We are called by his name.
Little Lamb, God bless thee!
Little Lamb, God bless thee!
(1789)
6 bid thee feed = told you to eat 7 mead = field 8 vales = valleys 9 thy = your 10 meek = gentle
4 AF / January 2012
William Blake: The Tyger
Tyger
11! Tyger! burning bright
In the forests of the night,
What immortal hand or eye
Could frame12
thy fearful symmetry13
?
In what distant deeps or skies
Burnt the fire of thine14
eyes?
On what wings dare he aspire15
?
What the hand dare sieze the fire?
And what shoulder, & what art.
Could twist the sinews16
of thy heart?
And when thy heart began to beat,
What dread17
hand? & what dread feet?
What the hammer? what the chain?
In what furnace was thy brain?
What the anvil18
? what dread grasp
Dare its deadly terrors clasp?
When the stars threw down their spears,
And watered heaven with their tears,
Did he smile his work to see?
Did he who made the Lamb make thee?
Tyger! Tyger! burning bright
In the forests of the night,
What immortal hand or eye
Dare frame thy fearful symmetry?
(1794)
11 tyger = tiger 12 frame = make 13 symmetry = shape 14 thine = your 15 aspire = fly high 16 sinews = muscles 17 dread = frightening 18 anvil = heavy iron block on which metal is shaped with a hammer
5 AF / January 2012
William Blake: London
I wander thro'
19 each charter'd
20 street,
Near where the charter'd Thames does flow,
And mark21
in every face I meet
Marks of weakness22
, marks of woe23
.
In every cry of every Man,
In every Infant's cry of fear,
In every voice, in every ban24
,
The mind-forg'd25
manacles26
I hear.
How the Chimney-sweeper's cry
Every black'ning Church appalls27
;
And the hapless28
Soldier's sigh
Runs in blood down Palace walls.
But most thro' midnight streets I hear
How the youthful Harlot's29
curse
Blasts30
the new born Infant's tear31
,
And blights32
with plagues the Marriage hearse33
.
(1794)
19 thro’ = through 20 charter’d = privileged; the ruling classes hold a charter, a privilege. The use of the word 'Chartered' is ambiguous. It may express the political and economic control that Blake considered London to be enduring at the time of his writing. Blake's friend Thomas Paine had criticised the granting of Royal Charters to control trade as a form of class oppression. However, 'chartered' could also mean 'freighted', and may refer to the busy or overburdened streets and river, or to the licenced trade carried on within them. 21 mark = note 22 weakness = humility 23 woe = grief 24 ban = prohibition 25 mind-forged = created by man’s reason, not rooted in nature 26 manacles = chains tying hands together 27 appall = horrify 28 hapless = unfortunate 29 harlot = whore 30 blast = destroy 31 tear = eye 32 blight = destroy 33 hearse = vehicle for carrying a coffin
6 AF / January 2012
William Wordsworth: Composed Upon Westminster Bridge,