The Role of Carbon Removals-Brussels

A Brief History of Western Economics

The Role of Carbon Removals

Carbon Market & Green Power Fund

- by their author-

A Key Strategy for Averting Climate Change

Graciela ChichilniskyBSDS 2015 : Brussels Sustainable Development SummitRoyal Academy of Belgium Hertogsstraat 1, 1000 Brussels 10/19/15

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The main message of my presentation is that one cannot have sustainability without us hunans Closing the Carbon Cycle , by which is meant the carbon in our fuel comes from the air just as the carbon for the energy of life comes from the air. This promotes sustainability because there is no net impact on the planets carbon balance , the input to energy being the air is more equitably distributed promoting energy security and economic development. The green power fund can provide the market stimulus to trigger this virtuous cycle. 1

Forests remove carbon

essential for sustainable developmentand human survival

UN Coalition for Rainforest Nations 50 nations

Sustainable Economics

Needs Carbon Removal Technology to match accelerated pace of industrial emissionsHow to do it3

The Need for Going Carbon Negative

Carbon Neutral is not enoughNeutralizing new and existing emissions does not prevent atmospheric concentration of CO2 from further increasingIt doesnt solve the climate risk problem (reducing atmospheric concentrations below 500 ppm)Carbon-Negative Required by IPCC5th Assessment Report p 191To reduce atmospheric concentrations faster than the natural absorption rateTo achieve a safe level of CO2 concentration

Air Capture Can Make Going Carbon Negative PossiblePacala and Socolow, Science, Vol 305, 8/13/2004, Pg 969. Note: 7 Wedges refers to the seven stabilization wedges, created by Wigley, Richels & Edmonds, necessary to achieve an atmospheric concentration of CO2 of 500 ppm by 2125.

Business as usual7 Wedges (aggressive renewable energy use, efficiency, point-source sequestration)Negative Carbon Technology (such as Global Thermostat) with aggressive renewable energy

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Bathtub explanation will not solve climate problem or address underlying energy security and economic development components of sustainability 4

Technology Exists Today

To Reduce Carbon from the Atmosphere

In a Profitable Way

The Word needs Energy

CLEAN ENERGY FOR DEVELOPING NATIONS5

Global Thermostat Pilot Plant, SRI International - Menlo Park CaliforniaFebruary 20116

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1st GT Pilot Plant at SRI - October 1, 2010

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2nd GT Pilot Plant at SRI - October 1, 2013

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GT Carburetor - 100kta module on Coal Fired FlueGT Carburetor requirements:3.75 GJ heat at 90 C per tonne CO2 produced68.7 kWh electricity per tonne CO2 produced

Steam2.2e4 kg/hrCondensate2.2e4 kg/hr

CO2

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GT Direct Air Capture - 50kta moduleGT DAC requirements:4.4 GJ heat at 90 C per tonne CO2 produced157 kWh electricity per tonne CO2 producedSteam1.28e4 kg/hrCondensate1.28e4 kg/hr

CO2

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0002355410

Fossil Fuel Electricity Generation in the USAOver 310 Gigawatts (GW) of power generation from fossil fuel sources in the USA in 20141

58% coal, 41% gas, 1% petroleum

In addition to producing electricity, burning these fossil fuel sources produces 17.8 Exajoules of residual heat per year

17.8 x 1018 Joules / year of residual heat produced

If used for CO2 capture, this residual heat could capture 4.5 Billion tonnes CO2 per year with GTs carbon capture technology

Total CO2 emitted from US power stations: ~2 Billion tonnes per year1http://www.eia.gov/electricity/monthly/epm_table_grapher.cfm?t=epmt_1_111

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12Global Thermostat Business Partners

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13Company Highlights

Disruptive Technology Addressing >US$1T marketopportunityExperienced & RecognizedLeadership Dr. Graciela Chichilnisky Dr. Peter Eisenberger Edgar Bronfman Jr. Proven Technology With 16 Patents protected in 147 nations & 2 operational Demo Plants52

Building Commercial PlantsRaised $29MM to-date1Modular Design Allows great flexibility & unlimited scale4Commercially ViableRevenues from CO2 sales and tech licensing. Needs no subsidies or regulation3Tier-1 Technology PartnersCorning, BASF, Linde, SRI, Georgia Tech67

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Build GT Plants- Expand Management & Technical Team14Next Steps to Commercial Scale, Liquidity 3-5 yearsTerm Sheet & Advanced negotiationsSigning term sheets and negotiating contracts in U.S. & internationally with: Leading Industrial Gas firmsLeading US oil & gas firmsLarge global refineries & emittersPosition for Liquidity Event(52mm tpy CO2)

Starting 2015 begin sales & operating of GT plantsDevelop Manufacturing ResourcesScale Up to 11.1mm tpy CO2 plant fleetExecute Client ProjectsInter-American Dev. Bank (IADB) funding for GT Demo Plant in Latin America & Caribbean Negotiating buildings & operating GT plants for Praxair, Linde and EOR in Texas

Commercial Plants2015 Commercial Breakthrough12-36 Months3-5 Years2 Year Break Even

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MOST INNOVATIVE COMPANIES 2015Global Thermostat Worlds Top 10 Most Innovative Company in Energy selected by in April 2015

FROM HARNESSING THE AFRICAN SUN TO FILTERING CO2 OUT OF THE ATMOSPHERE, THE COMPANIES AND PRODUCTS TRANSFORMING HOW WE CONSUME ENERGY.Global ThermostatFor addressing global warming by grabbing carbon dioxide out of the air.Our energy-intensive western lifestyle comes with a hefty price: To generate most of our electricity we burn fossil fuels, a process that pumps billions of tons of carbon dioxide into the air every year. That CO2, in turn, helps warm the atmosphere (and explains why 2014 was the hottest year on record). Global Thermostat has a fix: filter air through devices that capture the CO2 with a chemical scrubber. The greenhouse gas can then either be stored deep underground or be used for industrial processes, synthetic fuelseven for growing algae. For the past year, the company has been demonstrating its technology in Menlo Park, California, but in 2015 it intends to begin shipping devices to paying clients.

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Short Video on Global Thermostat

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Short Video on Global Thermostat

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Closing the Carbon CycleGT Technology Captures Carbon from AirInexpensive: Uses Low Process Heat Cogenerates Power Production with Carbon CaptureThe More Power is Produced the More Carbon is reducedMakes Coal Plants Carbon NegativeMakes Solar Power Plants even more Carbon Negative

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Carbon dioxide concentration decreasingThe Global ThermostatENERGY

CO2 CAPTURE

Atmosphere 800

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Funding from the Green Power Fundinternational law as Green Climate Fund

A $200 Bn per year Fund to build carbon negative power plants in Africa, LA and Small Island States - economic growth that cleans the atmosphereThe technology exists, and the funding exists in the EU ETS trading system with a functioning carbon market I proposed it in 2009 Copenhagen COP15Was accepted and officially endorsed by Hillary Clinton US Sec of State two days later at COP 15 only as Green Climate Fund with no reliable source of fundingNeeds connection with EU ETS Carbon Market and its CDM to have access to reliable funding sufficient funding exists to resolve climate changeFavors both North and South

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