The Rock Cycle

The whole ________ is made

of ______and ____________.

planetrocks

minerals

A mineral is a _____ substance--it is ___________

all the way through. That means that a mineral

is either an _________or a _____________.

All rocks are made of two or more _________.

purethe same

elementcompound

minerals

_________________ are minerals that have had

enough room to develop into the shape they were meant

to be.

Crystals

Quartz crystals from Arkansas

https:/.../images/ArkansasCrystal867.jpg

The chemicals that make up a mineral determine the

____________ of the ______________ it forms.

shapecrystals

Copper sulfate crystals.

http://z.about.com/d/chemistry/1/0/e/P/coppersulfate.jpg

Earth Cross-Section

Inner CoreOuter Core

MantleCrust

Earth Cross-Section

Earth’s ________ is made up of rocks and minerals. Much of the crust is

covered by ___________, ________, _________and

_______.If you dig deep enough, you will always hit rocks.

crust

liquid water soilsand

ice

The crust includes all the soil _________.

The crust is less than ____ of the total mass of

Earth.

horizons

1%

Earth Cross-Section

The mantle makes up about _______ of Earth’s

mass.

The mantle is the _____ casing of the Earth.

______________comes from the __________.

solid

70%

Some magmamantle

Earth Cross-Section

___________ is ______, ___________ is _______.

______________ comes from the __________.

Made mainly of _______ and ________.

Makes up about ___ of Earth’s mass.

Inner core solidouter core liquid

ironnickel

Some magmaouter core

30%

Constant ___________________ of

material in ______________________

recycling

Earth’s crust

http://www.matt-willard.com/artwork/design/Rock-Cycle.jpg

http://www.matt-willard.com/Artwork/Graphic_Design/Rock-Cycle.jpg

1._____________ rock - molten rock that cools

and solidifies.

www.beg.utexas.edu

Igneous

library.thinkquest.org

2._______________rock - layers of rock fragments that were compressed and cemented together.

They often contain

__________.

www.lifefamilytraining.com

Sedimentary

fossils

3.________________ rocks – igneous or sedimentary rocks that have been

compressed and heated _______________________.

www.geology.neab.net

MARBLE

Metamorphic

without melting

Igneous rocks form when hot ______________ rock cools and changes into a __________.

This __________ rock is called __________.

liquidsolid

moltenmagma

The process of ___________ changing into ___________ is

called _____________.

melted rocksolid rock

solidification

cnsm.csulb.edu uraniumminerals.com keith.martin.home.att.net

There are ________ main types of igneous rock, depending on

________________________.

two

where the magmacools

________ igneous rocks: ______ cools

somewhere inside Earth’s _______.

This type of rock cools off very _______.

Intrusivemagma

crust

slowly

www.windows.ucar.edu/.../ig_intrusive.html

3dparks.wr.usgs.gov/carrizo/html/b014.htm

________ igneous rocks: magma ______ from a

________ and cools ________ on the

_________.

Extrusiveerupts

volcanoquicklysurface

http://volcano.oregonstate.edu/vwdocs/vwlessons/lessons/Slideshow/Igrocks/Obsidian6.jpg

Igneous rocks usually contain _________. crystals

http://www.teacherstech.org/mackensteinre/PEGMATITE_big.jpg

Crystals are ______ if the magma cooled

_______. They are ______ if the

magma cooled _______.

large

slowly

smallquickly

www.outreach.canterbury.ac.nz/.../page6.shtml

library.thinkquest.org

Crystal Cave of Giants

Largest Crystals Ever Found On Earth Discovered in Mexico

http://www.canyonsworldwide.com

http://w

ww

.canyonsworldw

ide.com

http://www.canyonsworldwide.com

http://www.canyonsworldwide.com

http://w

ww

.canyonsworldw

ide.com

http://www.canyonsworldwide.com

Because of the high heat, igneous rocks

______ contain _______.neverfossils

Sedimentary rocks form when __________ bits of existing rocks erode and combine with decomposing organic matter.

This mixture is called ______________.sediment

weathered

Sediments are carried into bodies of water and pile up on top of each other over millions of years.

www.pacificislandtravel.com

When sediments are dropped off into bodies of

water, this process is called __________. deposition

higheredbcs.wiley.com

picasaweb.google.com

Their own weight plus the weight of the water above

them causes __________ to build up.

pressureThe _________ squeezes out the

water and compresses the sediments together.

pressure

This process is called _________________. compaction

fossilsSometimes, organic matter

forms ________.

http://ls.berkeley.edu/files/images/jellyfish_fossils-lg.jpg

The sediments bond together into sedimentary

rock.

Sedimentary rock is usually built up in _________ which

are visible when you examine a rock sample.

layers

This process is called _______________ cementatio

n

www.wellcollc.com

library.thinkquest.org

Metamorphic rocks form when ________ or ____________ rocks are _________ by _________ and _____ but ________ ________.

igneous sedimentarychanged

pressure heatwithoutmelting

An existing rock may heat up if it

comes near _________.magma

stloe.most.go.th

A rock may also get heat and pressure if a

section of Earth’s crust moves over it.

These sections of crust are called

__________________.tectonic plates

www.scienceclarified.com

ww

w.w

aterencyclopedia.com

Metamorphic rocks usually contain

_________ and may be _____ and _____.

They sometimes ______ into ______.

crystalshard

shiny

flakelayers

library.thinkquest.org

www.global-b2b-network.com

www.outdoorfloors.net

Metamorphic rocks have the same

____________________ as the rocks they were

made from.

chemical make-up

www.littlenaturemuseum.org/new.html

topex.ucsd.edu/.../lecture10/lecture10.html

COMMON USES OF ROCKSRock Type Exampl

eUse Exampl

eUse

Igneous 1.2.3.

1.2.3.

Sedimentary

1.2.3.

1.2.3.

Metamorphic

1.2.3.

1.2.3.

Granite Pumice

Coal Limestone

Marble Slate

Countertops

Sculpture

Tombstones

Soap

Toothpaste

Erasers

Energy

Fingernail Polish

Steel

Improve soils

Gravel

Buildings

Countertops

Sculpture

Paper

Roofing

Blackboards

Knife Sharpening

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