The Rise of Dictatorial Regimes Ch. 17.2
The Rise of Dictatorial Regimes
Ch. 17.2
n The modern totalitarian state established by Mussolini led to the adoption of dictatorial regimes that aimed to control every aspect of their citizens’ lives for state goals.
n Stalin, the leader of the Soviet Union, eliminated people who threatened his power.
Just the facts...
Many new Democratic Nations were formed in the new countries created after WWI
-many of them struggled economically
By1939 France & G.B. = only major Democracies remaining in Europe
• The totalitarian states did away with individual freedoms.
• Many European nations became totalitarian states in which governments controlled the political, economic, social, intellectual, and cultural lives of its citizens.
• These new powerful regimes used propaganda to conquer the minds of their subjects and limited individual freedoms.
The Rise of Dictators
Wanted more than passive obedience, they wanted to conquer the hearts and minds of their subjects
Mussolini=
-Rights of the Individual are subordinate to the will of the people.
-He wanted to create a nation of orderly and war-ready people united in the struggle for success
The totalitarian state
Socialists spoke of revolution in response to severe economic problems. The middle class feared a Communist takeover similar to the one that occurred in Russia.
Italy – state of mass confusion Rise of Mussolini
fascism – glorifies the state above the individual by emphasizing the need for strong central government led by a dictatorial ruler.
Mussolini established total control over his people and exercised control over all media outlets.
Fascism in Italy
Squadristi (Black shirts) – armed fascists
-broke up strikes & raided socialist/communist offices
(many middle and upper class people were against socialism)
Nationalistic Perceptions -demanded more land for Italy after WWI
*threatened to march on Rome for power
-King Emanuel III makes Mussolini the Prime Minister of Italy
*creates fascist dictatorship
1920-22 Devastation, famine & industry collapse during the Civil War in Russia =>5 mill deaths
Lenin’s Economic Policy =New Econ Policy (NEP)
Peasants were allowed to sell their produce openly
In 1922 Lenin and the Communists created the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR).
New Era in Soviet Union
Death of Lenin & Rise of Stalin
• After Lenin’s death in 1924, the Politburo became divided over the future direction of the Soviet Union. (7 members)
• Leon Trotsky vs. Joseph Stalin for control
Joseph Stalin used his position as general secretary to gain control of the Communist Party
giving political positions in exchange for support
Stalin established complete control over the Communist Party
sending his opposition to work in forced labor camps in Siberia
Old Bolsheviks of the 1917 revolution were put on trial and condemned to death.
Economic goals based on 5 year period
first 5 years = transform from an agricultural to an industrial power (produce capital goods)
steel production 4 to 18 million tons in two years
*neglected social welfare- workers lived in terrible conditions
collectivization – small private farms
eliminated by large government owned farms.
Stalin’s 5 Year Plan
Costs of Stalin’s Programs
Peasant famine
Stalin strengthens political control
Great Purge (1930’s)
-8 million arrested
HW = p. 546 #’s 1,2,4,6,&7
• Many eastern European nations adopted parliamentary systems after World War I, but were soon replaced with authoritarian regimes.
• The landowners, churches, and some members of the middle class did not want land reforms to take place. They feared ethnic and peasant unrest could lead to communism.
Authoritarian States in the West
These groups wanted an authoritarian leader to uphold traditional social order.
In Spain, Francisco Franco led a military revolt against the democratic government, resulting in a brutal civil war.
• The Spanish Civil War ended when Franco’s forces captured Madrid in 1939.
• Franco established an authoritarian dictatorship, rather than a totalitarian regime, that favored traditional groups of large landowners, businesspeople, and Catholic clergy.
Spanish Civil War
1. The New Deal
2. Social Security
3. Deficit Spending
4. Collective Bargaining
Which economic policy suggests that governments should finance projects
by going into debt?