The possibility of the cultivation of Undaria pinnatifida (Harvey) Suringar in Taiwan 誌名 誌名 水産増殖 = The aquiculture ISSN ISSN 03714217 著者 著者 Ogawa, H. Lin, S.M. Huang, T.Y. Liu, L.C. Shyu, C.Z. Liao, I.C. 巻/号 巻/号 63巻2号 掲載ページ 掲載ページ p. 203-206 発行年月 発行年月 2015年6月 農林水産省 農林水産技術会議事務局筑波産学連携支援センター Tsukuba Business-Academia Cooperation Support Center, Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Research Council Secretariat
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The possibility of the cultivation of Undaria pinnatifida(Harvey) Suringar in Taiwan
1958). On the other hand, S. japonica, growing in cold
wate巳hasbeen successfully cultivated in Kinmen and
Matsu Islands, Taiwan.τbe average annual change in
temperature of surface water in these regions ranges
from 12 to 26℃(Cen仕alWeather Bureau, Taiwan
2014).官1esuccess of the cultivation of S. japonica,
suggests the possibility of cultivating U. pinnat折ぬ in
Taiwan.百1eplants of U.ρinnatijida are often found
to be drifted to the cultivating fields of S. japonicαin
Taiwan from the mainland of China. Although the local
people has been attempted to cultivate uρinnatijida,
wi出 suchdrifting plants, there has been no success
so far. The present study examined the possibility of
cultivating U.ρinnαtijida in Taiwan.
τbe mix of male and female gametophytes of U.
ρinnat折dawas used for the following experiments.百1e
stock culture of the gametophytes was established企om
a sporophyte cast up on出ecoast of Oofunato City,
Iwate Prefecture in 2011, and maintained at 20 ± 2℃
under 40~60 μmol photons m-2s-1 by daylight white
fluorescent tubes with a photoperiod of 12h:12h仏:D).
The growth of出egametophytes was examined under
different culture conditions. The gametophytes were
1 Center of Excellence for the Ocean, National Taiwan Ocean University. 2 Institute of Marine Biology, National Taiwan Ocean Universi旬3 Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Taiwan Ocean University. * Corresponding author: Tel, (+886) 2剖 623055;Fax, (+886) 2-24634994; Email, [email protected]但.Ogawa).
204 H. Ogawa, S.-M. Lin, T.-Y. Huang, L.-C. Liu, C.-Z. Shyu and I C. Liao
Table 1. Protocl for役1epreparation of modified PESI medium
additives p訂 1l distilled water volume
τ'ris-hydor河沼1e白ylaminome仕1加 E 5.0 g NaN03 3.5 g Na2 glycerophosphate 500 mg Fe stock solution 250 ml 250 ml distilled wa舵fcontaining N匂EDTA・ 2H20 165 mg and Fe(NH4h(S04h・6H2ρ175mgKI stock solution 10 ml 10 ml distilled water c。ntainingKI 1 mg Soil eま廿act 100 ml supernatant liquid obtained from the mixing of 10 g dried soil with 200 ml distilled water
pH 7.8-8.0
Table 2. Protocol of vitamin mixes for the preparation of modi目
fled PESI medium
additives par 100 ml distilled water
B12 stock solution Thi閣mine-HCIBiotine
volume
O.lmg 0.5mg
0.5mg
cultured in a plant growth chamber側odelST4, Saint
Tien Co., Ltd., Taiwan) at 23土1℃ under30-35 μ mol
photons m-2s-1 or on shelves in the laboratory at
24-27℃ under 40-50 μmol photons m-2s 1. Light was
supplied with daylight white fluorescent tubes, and the
irradiance was measured by a qu印刷mmeter仏fodel
QSL2100, Biospherical Instruments Inc., USA).τhe
photoperiod was set 12h:12h (L:D) by a timer. Two
types of culture media were used in the present study;
one was seawater without addition of any nutrients and
the other was a modified PESI 1 l seawater including
modified PESI mixes 20 ml and vitamin mixes 10 ml/
pH 8.0-8.2ぐfables1, 2). Although PESI is a popular
culture medium for marine brown algaeぐfatewaki
1966), soil extract was used instead of P司IImetal
for convenience and cost saving, and a vitamin mix
consisting of thiamine-HCI, biotin, and cyanocobalamin
was added in the present study. Approximately 100 mg
(wet weight) of the gametophyte was gently grounded
in a mortar with 5 ml of sterilized seawater. One ml of
this gametophyte suspension was inoculated into each
four plastic bottles containing 9 ml culture medium,
and cultured for three weeks with manual shaking
twice a day.τhe following criteria were used to evaluate
the growth and physiological condition of the cultured
gametophyte: (ー) faded or light brown and poor growth,
(±) brown and fair growth, and (+) dark brown and
good grow仕1. Gametophyte maturation, namely the
formation of oogonia and spermatangia, was examined
under irradiance of 40 and 80-100 μ mol photons m-2s-1
with a short-day photoperiod of 10h:14h (L:D) in白e
laboratory at 24-27℃. The gametophyte was cultured
in a 4 l bo仕lewith aeration to promote maturation.
When juvenile sporophytes were formed, the culture
Table 3. Gametophyte growth of U百dariapinnatがdain varying media and temperature conditions
Temperature
23±1℃
24~27℃
Culture medium
Plain Seawater Modified PESI
+ +
→ー
was transferred into a 50 l aquarium containing an
enriched seawater medium with one-fi剖ethof the
nu仕ientmix for preparation of the modified PESI.
τhe medium in the aquarium was circulated by a
pump (CAP-3000, Hwa-開IAquarium Equipment Co.
Ltd., Taiwan) under approximately 200 μmol photons
m-2s-1 with a short-day photoperiod of 10h:14H (L:D).
The tempera加rewas kept at 17 ± 1℃ by a water cooler
temperature conditions (Table 3), and the physiological
condition evaluated on the base of color was also better
than in plane seawaterσ'ig.1). Although the growth in
the chamber at 23℃ was better than on shelves in the
laboratory at 24-27℃ぐfable3),白epropagation of the
gametophytes on shelves in the laboratory at 24-27℃
was practical when nu廿ientswere added. However,
the gametophytes cultured at 24-27℃ Ii仕lepropagated
and faced into light brown during the culture period of
3 weeks when nu仕ientswere not added σig. 1).百1e
maturation of gametophytes occurred under conditions
in出elaboratory at 24-27 C . A high irradiance of
light accelerated血edevelopment of oogonia and
spermatangia, although bo血 reproductive organs
were formed under two conditions of irradiance of 40
and 80-100 μmol photons m司 2s-1σig.2).τhe juvenile
sporophytes grew faster at higher irradiance, with
being 40 mm in length after 4 weeks cultureσig. 3A).
Since the juveniles ceased to grow in a 5 l bo仕leat
24-27℃,せ1eywere仕組sferredinto a 50 l aquarium with
cooling at 17℃.τhey grew approximately 40-60 mm in
length a few weeks after the transferring (Fig. 38).
Cultivation of Undariαρinnat折dain Taiwan 205
Fig. 1. Garn巴tophytegrow仕1of Undariaρinnatifida in different temperature and culture medium. A, 24-27℃ and ordinary se仕
water; B, 24-27℃ and modifi巴dPESI; C, 23 ± 1℃ and ordinary seawater; D, 23 ± 1℃and modified PESI.
Fig. 2. Development of the reproductive organ of Undaria pinnatifida. A, male reproductive organ; B, female reproductive organ.
Fig. 3. Sporophyte growth of U:idaria pi制。tifidafrom the game-tophyte acclimatized to the temperature in the range of 24-27℃ A, developing sporophytes in the range of 24-27℃; B, sporo phytes transferred to the temperature at 17 ± 1℃
Saito (1956a, 1956b) reported that suitable temperature
for the growth of the gametophyte of U. pinnatifidα
was 15-23℃ and that the growth delayed and ceased
at temperatures being higher than 25℃. Morita et al.
(2003) reported that the critical temperature for the
grow出of出egametophyte of U. pinnatifida was 28℃and
Watanabe et al. (2014) also reported出atthey revealed
the plants ofιρinnatifi,d,αcould not survive at 28℃.
These res叫tssuggest血atthe temperature of 28℃is血e
critical temperature for growth of the gametophyte of
u.ρinnatifi,da. In the present study a temperature of
23℃was favourable for the growth of the gametophyte.
However, it was also to be propagated at 24-27℃,
and its color was dark brown as well as at 23℃ when
seawater was enriched with nutrients. Ogawa (2004)
reported that the color of laminarian gametophyte
reflected its physiological condition and was a useful
indicator of its growth potential. According to出is
criterion, a mass propagation of the gametophyte is
possible on shelves in the laboratory at at 24-27℃
without any expensive equipment such as growth
chamber. Since the cultivation of uρinnatifi,da
requires a large amount of gametophytes, the
propagation on shelves in the laboratory is a suitable
for the cultivation of ιpinnatifid,αin Taiwan.百1e
growth of sporophytes required a cooling at 17℃.
There is a season suitable for the propagation of
ιpinnatifidαin Chinmen and Matsu Islands, where
temperatures of surface seawater range from 12 to
26℃. There is also a possibility of the cultivation of
ιρinnat切dain Penhu Island, where the sea surface
temperatures range企om18 to 28℃, even though a
suitable period for the propagation of U. pinnatifida
probably becomes a shorter. The present study shows
that the cultivation ofιρinnαtifida is possible in
Taiwan.
Acknowledgemen白
The authors are grateful to the president of
National Taiwan Ocean University Dr. C. F. Chang for
his understanding help and to the staff of National
Museum of Marine Science and Technology and
Fisheries Research Institute for the help.
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