The Origins of Slavery John M. Sacher University of Central Florida [email protected].

The Origins of SlaveryThe Origins of Slavery

John M. SacherJohn M. SacherUniversity of Central FloridaUniversity of Central [email protected]@mail.ucf.edu

The American The American ColoniesColonies

Jamestown (1607)Jamestown (1607)

John RolfeJohn Rolfe

Harvesting TobaccoHarvesting TobaccoJamestown (1650)Jamestown (1650)

Bacon’s RebellionBacon’s Rebellion

Virginia’s Colonial PopulationVirginia’s Colonial Population

BlackBlack White Black %White Black % 16251625 23 23 1,209 1,209 1.9 1.9 16491649 300 300 15,00015,000 2.0 2.0 1671 2,0001671 2,000 38,00038,000 5.0 5.0 17001700 10,00010,000 50,000 16.750,000 16.7 1750 101,4521750 101,452 129,581 129,581 43.9 43.9

Hugh Davis (1630)Hugh Davis (1630)

Hugh Davis to be soundly whipped, before an Hugh Davis to be soundly whipped, before an assembly of Negroes and others for abusing assembly of Negroes and others for abusing himself to the dishonor of God and shame of himself to the dishonor of God and shame of Christians, by defiling his body in lying with a Christians, by defiling his body in lying with a negro; which fault he is to acknowledge next negro; which fault he is to acknowledge next Sabbath day.Sabbath day.

Status of children (1661)Status of children (1661)

WHEREAS some doubts have arisen whether WHEREAS some doubts have arisen whether children got by any Englishman upon a negro children got by any Englishman upon a negro woman should be slave or free, Be it therefore woman should be slave or free, Be it therefore enacted and declared by this present grand enacted and declared by this present grand assembly, that all children borne in this assembly, that all children borne in this country shall be held bond or free only country shall be held bond or free only according to the condition of the mother . . . according to the condition of the mother . . .

BarbadosBarbados

Barbados—Sugar CaneBarbados—Sugar Cane

IndigoIndigo

African Slavery Established (1680)African Slavery Established (1680)

““These two words, These two words, NegroNegro and and slave, slave, by by custom grown Homogenous and Convertible; custom grown Homogenous and Convertible; even as Negro and Christian, Englishman and even as Negro and Christian, Englishman and Heathen, are . . . made Opposites.”Heathen, are . . . made Opposites.”

Slave TradeSlave Trade

Some comparative figuresSome comparative figures….….To United StatesTo United States

To 1790To 1790 275,000 275,000

1790-18071790-1807 75,000 75,000

French & SpanishFrench & Spanish

TerritoriesTerritories 30,000 30,000

IllegalIllegal 50,00050,000

430,000430,000

1800 1 million, 1860 4 million in US1800 1 million, 1860 4 million in US

To Saint Domingue: Total 860,000To Saint Domingue: Total 860,000

Alive 1791=480,000Alive 1791=480,000

Slave Population 1750Slave Population 1750Societies with slaves vs. Slave societiesSocieties with slaves vs. Slave societies

New England Colonies (NH, Mass, RI, Ct)New England Colonies (NH, Mass, RI, Ct) White 349,029White 349,029 Slave 10,982 (3.1%)Slave 10,982 (3.1%)

Middle Colonies (NY, NJ, Pa)Middle Colonies (NY, NJ, Pa) White 248,515White 248,515 Slave 19,240 (7.2%)Slave 19,240 (7.2%)

Chesapeake (Del, Md, Va, NC)Chesapeake (Del, Md, Va, NC) White 307,596White 307,596 Slave 166,198 (35.1%)Slave 166,198 (35.1%)

Lower South (SC, Ga)Lower South (SC, Ga) White 29,200White 29,200 Slave 40,000 (57.8%)Slave 40,000 (57.8%)

PunishmentsPunishments

Stono Rebellion (1739)Stono Rebellion (1739)