The Middle Helladic and The Late Helladic I periods at Aigion in Achaea, in A. Philippa-Touchais, G. Touchais, S. Voutsaki, J. Wright (eds), Mesohelladika. The Greek Mainland in the

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À l’époque où s’épanouit en Crète la civilisation des premiers palais minoens (première moitié du iie millénaire av. n.è.), la Grèce continentale traverse une période généralement considérée comme une phase de stagnation, voire de régression : l’Helladique Moyen. La relative austérité de la culture matérielle et le caractère apparemment rudimentaire des structures sociales mésohelladiques expliquent sans doute le peu d’intérêt longtemps suscité par cette période. Or, les recherches récentes, s’appuyant sur une documentation qui s’est beaucoup accrue au cours des dernières décennies, mais aussi sur le réexamen des données anciennes, tendent à corriger cette image : l’Helladique Moyen apparaît aujourd’hui comme une période de profonds changements d'ordre social, politique et culturel qui conduisirent peu à peu à l’émergence de la civilisation mycénienne. Il a donc paru nécessaire de faire le point en organisant le premier colloque international sur l’Helladique Moyen. Le volume des actes, qui réunit près d’une centaine de contributions sur divers aspects de la culture mésohelladique, constitue ainsi le premier ouvrage entièrement consacré à l’une des périodes les plus mal connues de la protohistoire égéenne.

During the first half of the 2nd millennium BC, as the first palaces appear in Crete and the Minoan civilisation is flourishing, the Greek mainland goes through what is considered a period of stagnation, if not decline and social regression: the Middle Helladic period. The Middle Bronze Age in the Greek mainland has received very little attention, perhaps because of the relative austerity of the material culture and the absence of overt social differentiation. However, a wealth of research over the past several decades, that derives from both recent discoveries and the re-examination of older data, requires us to revise this picture. In fact, it is nowadays suggested that the Middle Helladic period witnessed profound cultural, social and political transformations which laid the basis for the emergence of the Mycenaean civilisation. It was therefore deemed necessary to reassess develop-ments during the period by organising the first international conference dedicated exclusively to the Middle Helladic period. The Proceedings of the conference, which brings together about one hundred contributions on different aspects of Middle Helladic culture, is the first publication to throw light on an obscure and neglected period of Aegean prehistory.

Bulletin de CorrespondanCe Hellénique, suppléments

47. Études d’archéologie délienne, par Philippe Bruneau. Recueil d’articles rassemblés et indexés par Jean-Charles Moretti, 2006.

48. La sculpture des Cyclades à l’époque archaïque. Histoire des ateliers, rayonnement des styles. Actes du colloque international organisé par l’éphorie des antiquités préhistoriques et classiques des

Cyclades et l’École française d’Athènes (Athènes, 7-9 septembre 1998). Édités par Yannos Kourayos et Francis Prost, 2008.

49. La sculpture byzantine viie – xiie siècles. Actes du colloque international organisé par la 2e éphorie des antiquités byzantines et l’École française

d’Athènes (Athènes, 6-8 septembre 2000). Édités par Charalambos Pennas et Catherine Vanderheyde, 2008.

50. La gigantomachie de Pergame ou l’image du monde, par Françoise-Hélène Massa-Pairault, 2007.

51. ASMOSIA VII Actes du Viie colloque international de l’ASMOSIA organisé par l’École française d’Athènes, le National

Center for Scientific Research « DEMOKRITOS », la 18e éphorie des antiquités préhistoriques et classiques (Kavala) et l’Institut of Geology and Mineral Exploration (Thasos 15-20 septembre 2003). Études réunies par Yannis Maniatis, 2009.

B U L L E T I N D E C O R R E S P O N D A N C E H E L L É N I Q U E

L a G r è c e c o n t i n e n t a l e a u B r o n z e M o y e nΗ ηπειρωτική Ελλάδα στη Μέση εποχή του ΧαλκούThe Greek Mainland in the Middle Bronze Age

Édités par Anna PhiliPPa-Touchais, Gilles Touchais, Sofia VouTsaki et James WrighT

Actes du colloque international organisé par l’École française d’Athènes, en collaboration avec l’American School of Classical Studies at Athens

et le Netherlands Institute in Athens, Athènes, 8-12 mars 2006

M E S O H E L L A D I K AΜ Ε Σ Ο Ε Λ Λ Α Δ Ι Κ Α

000A_BCH Suppl. 52_pages de titreΒΑΤ2 3/9/10 11:15 AM PageI

000A_BCH Suppl. 52_pages de titreΒΑΤ2 3/9/10 11:15 AM PageII

MESOHELLADIKAM E ™ O E § § A ¢ I K A

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É C O L E F R A N Ç A I S E D ’ A T H È N E S

Directeur des publications : Dominique MulliezAdjointe aux publications : Catherine Aubert

Révision des normes : Béatrice DetournayPhotogravure, impression et reliure : Break’inConception graphique de la couverture : EFA, Guillaume Fuchs

Dépositaire : De Boccard Édition-Diffusion – 11, rue de Médicis, F – 75006 Paris, www.deboccard.com

Ouvrage publié avec le concours de l’INSTAP (Institut for Aegean Prehistory), Philadelphie, USA

© École française d’Athènes, 2010 – 6 Didotou, GR – 106 80 Athènes, www.efa.gr

ISBN 978-2-86958-210-1

Reproduction et traduction, même partielles, interdites sans l’autorisation de l’éditeur pour tous pays, y compris les États-Unis.

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MESOHELLADIKAM E ™ O E § § A ¢ I K A

La Grèce continentale au Bronze MoyenΗ ηπειρωτική Ελλάδα στη Μέση εποχή του ΧαλκούThe Greek Mainland in the Middle Bronze Age

Actes du colloque international organisé par l’École française d’Athènes, en collaboration avec l’American School of Classical Studies at Athenset le Netherlands Institute in Athens, Athènes, 8-12 mars 2006

Édités par Anna PHILIPPA-TOUCHAIS, Gilles TOUCHAIS, Sofia VOUTSAKI et James WRIGHT

B U L L E T I N D E C O R R E S P O N D A N C E H E L L É N I Q U E

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Une partie des congressistes devant le Cotsen Hall (photo Ph. Touchais)

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PRÉFACE

Allocution de bienvenue du Directeur de l’École française d’Athènes

L'étude du matériel des fouilles de l'habitat mésohelladique de la colline de l'Aspis étant en coursd'achèvement, les responsables du programme, Gilles Touchais et Anna Philippa-Touchais, ontsouhaité orienter la recherche de deux manières : en entreprenant l'étude globale des vestigesarchitecturaux de l'habitat mis au jour depuis les premières fouilles de Vollgraff et en mettant à profitcette étude pour une mise en valeur du site, mais aussi en inscrivant cette recherche dans uneinterrogation plus large sur l'Helladique Moyen. Cela impliquait de faire le point sur l'une des périodesles plus mal connues de la protohistoire égéenne en essayant de réunir, au niveau international, leschercheurs que le hasard des découvertes ou un choix délibéré avaient conduits à travailler sur cettepériode. On pouvait ainsi espérer dresser un bilan entièrement renouvelé par les données desnombreuses fouilles et prospections menées au cours des trente dernières années.C'est à cet objectif que répond le colloque Mesohelladika. La Grèce continentale au BronzeMoyen, dont l'École française d'Athènes a eu l' initiative. Pour permettre son organisation, elle s'estassuré le concours de l'École américaine et de l'Institut néerlandais et je remercie très chaleureusementmes collègues Stephen Tracy et Gert Jan Wijngaarden d'avoir accepté le principe de cette association.En répondant positivement à notre invitation, les très nombreux chercheurs présents, venusd'Australie, d'Autriche, des États-Unis, de Finlande, de France, de Grande-Bretagne, de Grèce,d'Italie, des Pays-Bas et de Suède ont témoigné de leur intérêt pour la thématique centrale du colloque :procéder à une réévaluation de l'Helladique Moyen. - À tous, je souhaite la bienvenue et de fructueuxtravaux.Je remercie tous ceux qui, dans chacune des trois Écoles concernées, ont permis l'organisation de cettemanifestation. J'adresse des remerciements tout particuliers à Gilles Touchais, qui m' a soumis ce projetdès 2003, et à Anna Philippa-Touchais, dont la présence à Athènes a permis de régler les mille et unequestions que ne manque pas de soulever une manifestation de cette ampleur.

Dominique MULLIEZ

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Wellcome address of the Director of the Netherlands Institute in Athens

Dear colleagues and friends, ladies and gentlemen,Some time ago, Dr Sofia Voutsaki persuaded me to support this conference. On the occasion sheemphasized that the Middle Bronze Age of the Greek mainland had been neglected of late and thatit was in serious need of attention. Taking a look at the impressive conference program, I could onlyacknowledge Sofia’s claims: obviously many scholars felt a similar need to discuss Middle HelladicGreece.For several of the archaeological programs of the Netherlands Institute in Athens, the MiddleBronze Age is of importance. This is true for the excavations at Geraki in Lakonia, for the surveysin Thessaly, Boeotia and Zakynthos, as well as for the analytical program on the Argolid. I am con-fident that the Mesohelladika conference will contribute to a better understanding of the materialsdealt with in these programs.I am very pleased that this conference is a joint venture of three foreign archaeological institutes inGreece. International academic events are increasingly more difficult and costly to organize and coop-eration in this respect is, in my view, beneficial to all. I would like to thank warmly my colleaguesDominique Mulliez and Stephen Tracy for the fruitful cooperation and for the hospitality. I also con-gratulate the organizers with the impressive program and I wish all participants an enjoyable andfruitful conference.

Gert Jan VAN WIJNGAARDEN

Wellcome address of the Director of the American School of Classical Studies at Athens

On behalf of the American School of Classical Studies at Athens welcome to this international confer-ence Mesohelladika. It is wonderful to have such a large crowd on hand this evening. The program ofthe conference is diverse and rich; I think we will all learn much from our colleagues over the next fourdays. I know that we all are looking forward to it. The American School of Classical Studies is proudto cooperate with the Netherlands Institute and with the French School at Athens in hosting this con-ference. I want to congratulate and to thank the organizing committee and to single out Dr. AnnaPhilippa-Touchais, the person on the ground here in Athens, for all her hard work. Thank you all again and welcome.

Stephen TRACY

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INTRODUCTION

L’Helladique Moyen, période qui correspond, en gros, à la première moitié du IIe millénaireavant notre ère, s’intercale entre deux phases de prospérité économique et d’accomplisse-ment culturel majeurs pour la Grèce continentale : le Bronze Ancien, d’une part, qui a vunaître et se développer, au cours du IIIe millénaire, des communautés proto-urbaines déjàfortement organisées, ouvertes sur le reste du monde égéen, et l’époque mycénienne del’autre, qui, dans la seconde moitié du IIe millénaire, portera à son apogée le système pala-tial et étendra son influence bien au-delà des rives de la mer Égée. C’est pourquoil’Helladique Moyen est toujours apparu en retrait par rapport à ces deux grands moments,dans une vision purement négative que reflètent bien les termes de stagnation, de recul,d’isolement le plus souvent utilisés pour caractériser cette période. En outre, la compa-raison avec l’essor que connaît, à la même époque, la Crète protopalatiale, tourne elle aussiau désavantage de la Grèce continentale et renforce cette impression négative, qui n’est sansdoute pas étrangère au relatif désintérêt dont l’Helladique Moyen a pâti jusqu’à présentdans la recherche sur les civilisations égéennes.Il apparaît cependant aujourd’hui, à la lumière des recherches récentes, que l’HelladiqueMoyen n’est pas cette longue période d’atonie si souvent décrite. Des indices de plus enplus nombreux suggèrent qu’elle a au contraire été marquée par de profonds changementsd’ordre social, politique et culturel, qui conduisirent progressivement à la formation desentités politiques protomycéniennes et, plus tard, des royaumes mycéniens. C’est pourquoiil nous a semblé que le moment était venu de rassembler la documentation la plus largepossible sur cette période encore mal connue – ou plutôt méconnue. Le meilleur moyenétait de faire se rencontrer tous les collègues qui avaient accumulé de nouvelles données aucours des dernières décennies, mais aussi ceux qui tentaient d’interpréter celles dont ondisposait. C’est ainsi qu’est née l’idée de ce colloque – le premier à être consacré exclusi-vement à l’Helladique Moyen – et que furent définis ses principaux objectifs : d’une part,dresser un bilan de nos connaissances sur la période, en ne négligeant aucun domaine dela recherche ; d’autre part, explorer les mécanismes qui sont à l’origine des changements

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constatés et tenter d’apprécier leur dynamique. On suggéra donc plusieurs axes de ré-flexion : la topographie et l’habitat (réseaux d’occupation humaine, organisation spatiale) ;les pratiques rituelles et funéraires ; les problèmes chronologiques (séquences céramiques,synchronismes, datations absolues) ; l’économie et l’exploitation des ressources naturelles(agriculture et élevage, techniques et productions artisanales, alimentation) ; les problèmesdémographiques et sanitaires ; les contacts, les échanges et les influences culturelles ; l’évo-lution des structures socio-politiques. L’intuition que le sujet était « mûr » et qu’une vision moins négative de l’HelladiqueMoyen avait commencé de prévaloir parmi les spécialistes du monde égéen a été confir-mée bien au-delà de nos espérances. Car même dans nos prévisions les plus optimistes,nous étions loin d’imaginer que notre initiative rencontrerait un tel écho. En effet, prèsde 130 chercheurs ont répondu à notre invitation, plus de 80 d’entre eux proposant deprésenter une communication et plus d’une quarantaine de réaliser un poster.Finalement, sur les 69 communications présentées à Athènes, 63 sont éditées dans le pré-sent volume1, et 28 posters sur 292.Ce projet n’aurait pu être mené à bien sans le soutien financier et logistique, mais aussiscientifique et moral, des trois institutions qui en ont assuré directement l’organisation :l’École française d’Athènes, l’American School of Classical Studies at Athens et leNetherlands Institute in Athens, dont nous tenons à remercier les directeurs respectifs,Dominique Mulliez, Stephen V. Tracy et Gert Jan van Wijngarten, pour les moyens maté-riels et humains qu’ils ont généreusement mis à notre disposition. L’Institute of AegeanPrehistory de Philadelphie a également répondu, avec sa libéralité coutumière, à nosdemandes de subvention, aussi bien pour l’organisation du colloque lui-même que pour

4 INTRODUCTION

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1. Massimo Cultraro, qui n’avait pu participer au colloque, a envoyé le texte de sa communication, mais lestextes suivants n’ont pas été remis : Antikleia Agrafioti, « Les industries lithiques du Bronze Moyen et l’enjeudes éléments de faucille» ; Polyxeni Arachoviti, « ∞ÂÚÈÓfi, ¤Ó·˜ ÔÈÎÈÛÌfi˜ ÙË˜ ª¤ÛË˜ ∂Ô¯‹˜ ÙÔ˘ Ã·ÏÎÔ‡ ÛÙËÓÔÙÈÔ·Ó·ÙÔÏÈÎ‹ £ÂÛÛ·Ï›· » ; Ioanna Galanaki, « Lefkandi Phases 2-6 : Some Observations on the Commu-nication Networks and Communication Processes during the Middle Helladic Period » ; Chrysanthi Gallou,« “In the Dark Heart of Maleas”. The Transition from the Middle Helladic to the Early Mycenaean Period inthe Southeastern Peloponnese » ; Olga Kyriazi, « ª·ÚÙ˘Ú›Â˜ ·fi ÙËÓ ·Ó·ÙÔÏÈÎ‹ §ÔÎÚ›‰· Û¯ÂÙÈÎ¿ ÌÂ ÙËÌÂÙ·‚·ÙÈÎ‹ ÂÚÈfi‰Ô ·fi ÙË ª¤ÛË ÛÙËÓ ⁄ÛÙÂÚË ∂Ô¯‹ ÙÔ˘ Ã·ÏÎÔ‡: ÂÓÂÚÁ‹ Û˘ÌÌÂÙÔ¯‹ ÛÙÈ˜ ÔÏÈÙÈÛÌÈÎ¤˜·ÏÏ·Á¤˜ ‹ ÛÙÔ ÂÚÈıÒÚÈÔ ÙˆÓ ÂÍÂÏÈÎÙÈÎÒÓ ‰ÈÂÚÁ·ÛÈÒÓ; » ; Elena Kountouri, « ¶ÚÔÌ˘ÎËÓ·˚Î‹ £‹‚· : Ù·‰Â‰ÔÌ¤Ó· ·fi ÙÈ˜ Û‡Á¯ÚÔÓÂ˜ ¤ÚÂ˘ÓÂ˜ » ; Michael Lindblom, « The Middle Helladic Settlement at Mastos inthe Berbati Valley » ; Adamantia Vassilogamvrou, « ∏ ÎÂÚ·ÌÈÎ‹ ÙË˜ ª∂ πππ-À∂ π Ê¿ÛË˜ ·fi ÙË ı¤ÛË∫·Ù·ÚÚ·¯È¿ ¢˘ÙÈÎ‹˜ ∞¯·˝·˜ ».

2. Il manque celui d’Olga Philaniotou, « Naxos in the Middle Bronze Age. New Evidence for Habitation ». Pourla publication, nous avons choisi d’intégrer les posters aux unités thématiques auxquels ils se rapportent enles mêlant aux communications, plutôt que de les regrouper dans une section séparée comme cela se fait sou-vent.


la publication des actes : nous exprimons ici toute notre reconnaissance à son comitéscientifique ainsi qu’à Karen Velluci, directrice des programmes de subvention, en quinous avons toujours trouvé une interlocutrice efficace et attentionnée. Parmi les institu-tions françaises, le Centre national de la recherche scientifique et l’université Paris 1 –Panthéon-Sorbonne ont apporté une contribution appréciable au financement du col-loque. De leur côté, le Service culturel de la Ville d’Athènes (¢‹ÌÔ˜ ∞ıËÓ·›ˆÓ,¶ÔÏÈÙÈÛÌÈÎfi˜ OÚÁ·ÓÈÛÌfi˜) et l’office du Tourisme hellénique (∂ÏÏËÓÈÎfi˜ OÚÁ·ÓÈÛÌfi˜ΔÔ˘ÚÈÛÌÔ‡, ÀÔ˘ÚÁÂ›Ô˘ ΔÔ˘ÚÈÛÙÈÎ‹˜ ∞Ó¿Ù˘ÍË˜) ont soutenu la manifestation en met-tant gracieusement à notre disposition 150 exemplaires de deux luxueuses brochures surAthènes, l’Attique et ses monuments. Plusieurs participants au colloque ont par ailleursbénéficié de l’hospitalité offerte par les Instituts danois et suédois, ainsi que par lesÉcoles britannique et italienne, que nous remercions sincèrement de leur concours. C’estune dette particulière que nous avons envers Bob Bridges, secrétaire général de l’Écoleaméricaine, qui, pendant les trois jours où le colloque s’est tenu au Cotsen Hall, n’aménagé ni son temps ni sa peine pour assurer le bon déroulement des séances etrésoudre tous les problèmes techniques, sans se départir jamais de son sourire.Nous remercions également pour leur précieux concours à l’organisation et au bon fonc-tionnement du colloque Maria Tsimboukaki, qui a géré le secrétariat avec un dévoue-ment et une efficacité dignes d’éloge, Stratos Balis et Tomek Hertig (site Internet), EleniGerontakou et Catherine Pantazis (travaux de secrétariat), Philippe Touchais (photosd’ambiance), ainsi que les volontaires étudiants post-diplôme de l’universités d’Athènes,dont le zèle et la bonne humeur communicative ont largement contribué à l’ambiancechaleureuse qui a régné tout au long de cette rencontre : Giorgos Charitos, GiorgosChoulis, Nikolas Dimakis, Dimitris Kloukinas, Akathi Maria Kovaiou, Anna Loukidou,Stefania Michalopoulou, Konstantina Nikolopoulou, Evangelia Polyzou et Eva Roussaki. C’est d’autre part à Orestis Kakavakis, doctorant à l’université d’Athènes, que l’on doitla traduction grecque des résumés qui figurent dans le présent volume. Nous sommes particulièrement reconnaissants à Catherine Aubert, responsable du servi-ce des publications de l’EFA, pour le soin qu’elle a apporté à l’édition des actes de cecolloque, et à Vélissarios Anagnostopoulos, auteur de l’affiche. Cet ouvrage témoignera durablement du remarquable travail accompli ces dernièresannées par une communauté de chercheurs qui, last but not least, mérite elle aussi toutenotre gratitude – une communauté qui a hélas été endeuillée, depuis le colloque, par ladisparition prématurée de deux de ses membres : Maria Oikonomakou et Angeliki Pilali,dont nous tenons à saluer ici la mémoire.

Les éditeurs

INTRODUCTION 5

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ABRÉVIATIONS

PÉRIODIQUES ET SÉRIES

Les abréviations utilisées sont celles de l’American Journal of Archaeology (voir AJA 111 [2007], p. 14-34, ou le site

internet www.ajaonline.org) auxquelles on ajoutera :

AEMTh ΔÔ ∞Ú¯·ÈÔÏÔÁÈÎfi ŒÚÁÔ ÛÙË ª·ÎÂ‰ÔÓ›· Î·È £Ú¿ÎË

BCH Chron. Bulletin de Correspondance Hellénique, «Chronique des fouilles et découvertes

archéologiques en Grèce »

MONOGRAPHIES

Ägäische Frühzeit II.2 E. ALRAM-STERN, Die ägäische Frühzeit, 2. Serie. Forschungsbericht 1975-2003,2. Band, Teil 1 : Die Frühbronzezeit in Griechenland mit Ausnahme von Kreta,Wien (2004).

Agora XIII S. A. IMMERWAHR, The Athenian Agora, XIII. The Neolithic and Bronze Ages,Princeton (1971).

Alt-Ägina III.1 H. WALTER, F. FELTEN, Alt-Ägina. III, 1. Die vorgeschichtliche Stadt. Befesti-gungen, Häuser, Funde, Mainz (1981).

Alt-Ägina IV.2 H. B. SIEDENTOPF, Alt-Ägina IV, 2. Mattbemalte Keramik der MittlerenBronzezeit, Mainz (1991).

Alt-Ägina IV.3 I. KILIAN-DIRLMEIER, Alt-Ägina IV, 3. Das mittelbronzezeitliche Schachtgrab vonÄgina, Mainz (1997).

Argissa III E. HANSCHMANN, V. MILOJCIC, Die deutschen Ausgrabungen auf der Argissa-Magula in Thessalien, III. Die frühe und beginnende mittlere Bronzezeit, Bonn(1976).

Argissa IV E. HANSCHMANN, Die deutschen Ausgrabungen auf der Argissa-Magula in Thes-salien, IV. Die Mittlere Bronzezeit, Bonn (1981).

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Argos et l’Argolide A. PARIENTE, G. TOUCHAIS (éds), ), ÕÚÁÔ˜ Î·È ∞ÚÁÔÏ›‰·. ΔÔÔÁÚ·Ê›· Î·ÈÔÏÂÔ‰ÔÌ›· / Argos et l’Argolide. Topographie et urbanisme. Actes de la Tableronde internationale, Athènes-Argos, 28/4-1/5/1990, Recherches franco-helléniques3, Athènes (1998).

Asine I O. FRÖDIN, A. W. PERSSON, Asine, Results of the Swedish Excavations, 1922-1930, Stockholm (1938).

Asine II (1, 2) S. DIETZ, Asine II. Results of the Excavations East of the Acropolis 1970-1974, 1.General Stratigraphical Analysis and Architectural Remains (1982) ; 2. The MiddleHelladic Cemetery. The Middle Helladic and Early Mycenaean Deposits, Stock-holm (1980).

Asine III R. HÄGG, G. C. NORDQUIST, B. WELLS (éds), Asine III. Supplementary Studieson the Swedish Excavations 1922-1930, Stockholm (1996).

Autochthon A. DAKOURI-HILD, S. SHERRATT (éds), Autochthon, Papers Presented toO. T. P. K. Dickinson on the Occasion of his Retirement, Oxford (2005).

Ayios Stephanos W. D. TAYLOUR, R. JANKO (eds), Ayios Stephanos. Excavations at a Bronze Ageand Medieval Settlement in Southern Laconia, BSA Suppl. 44 (2008).

BUCK R. J. BUCK, « Middle Helladic Mattpainted Pottery », Hesperia 33 (1964),p. 231-313.

CAVANAGH & MEE, Private Place W. CAVANAGH, C. MEE, A Private Place: Death in Prehistoric Greece,Private Place SIMA 125, Jonsered (1998).

Celebrations R. HÄGG, G. NORDQUIST (éds), Celebrations of Death and Divinity in the BronzeAge Argolid. Proceedings of the Sixth International Symposium at the Swedish In-stitute in Athens, 11-13 June 1988, Stockholm (1990).

DIETZ, Argolid S. DIETZ, The Argolid at the Transition to the Mycenaean Age. Studies in theChronology and Cultural Development in the Shaft Grave Period, Copenhagen(1991).

Emporia R. LAFFINEUR, E. GRECO (éds), EMPORIA. Aegeans in the Central and EasternMediterranean. Proceedings of the 10th International Aegean Conference / 10e Ren-contre égéenne internationale, Athens, Italian School of Archaeology, 14-18 April2004, Aegaeum 25, Liège (2005).

Eutresis H. GOLDMAN, Excavations at Eutresis in Boeotia, Cambridge, Mass. (1931).

FORSÉN, Twilight J. FORSÉN, The Twilight of the Early Helladics. A Study of the Disturbances inEast-central and Southern Greece towards the End of the Early Bronze Age, SIMA-PB 116, Jonsered (1992).

Gazetteer R. HOPE-SIMPSON, O. T. P. K. DICKINSON, A Gazetteer of Aegean Civilisation inthe Bronze Age, 1. The Mainland and the Islands. SIMA 52, Göteborg (1979).

Habitat égéen P. DARCQUE, R. TREUIL (éds), L’habitat égéen préhistorique. Actes de la Tableronde internationale organisée par le CNRS, l’université de Paris I et l’Écolefrançaise d’Athènes (Athènes, 23-25 juin 1987), BCH Suppl. 19, Athènes(1990).

Horizon N. J. BRODIE, J. DOOLE, G. GAVALAS, C. RENFREW (éds), OÚ›˙ˆÓ. A Colloquiumon the Prehistory of the Cyclades, McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research,

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University of Cambridge, 25-28 March 2004 (2008).

KARO G. KARO, Die Schachtgräber von Mykenai, München (1930-1933).

Keos V J. L. DAVIS, Keos V. Ayia Irini : Period V, Mainz (1986).

Keos VII J. C. OVERBECK, Keos VII. Ayia Irini : Period IV. Part 1 : The Stratigraphy andthe Find Deposits, Mainz (1989).

Kiapha Thiti II.2 J. MARAN, Kiapha Thiti. Ergebnisse der Ausgrabungen II.2 (2. Jt. v. Chr. :Keramik und Kleinfunde), MarbWPr 1990, Marburg (1992).

Kirrha L. DOR, J. JANNORAY, H. & M. VAN EFFENTERRE, Kirrha. Étude de préhistoirephocidienne, Paris (1960).

Korakou C. W. BLEGEN, Korakou, a Prehistoric Settlement near Corinth, Boston-NewYork (1921).

Kythera J. N. COLDSTREAM, G. L. HUXLEY (éds), Kythera. Excavations and Studies,London (1972).

Lerna II J. L. ANGEL, Lerna, a Preclassical Site in the Argolid, II. The People of Lerna(1971).

Lerna III J. B. RUTTER, Lerna, a Preclassical Site in the Argolid, III. The Pottery of Lerna IV(1995).

Meletemata Ph. P. BETANCOURT, V. KARAGEORGHIS, R. LAFFINEUR, W. D. NIEMEIER (éds),MELETEMATA. Studies in Aegean Archaeology Presented to Malcolm H. WienerAs he Enters his 65th Year, Aegaeum 20, Liège-Austin (1999).

Metron K. FOSTER, R. LAFFINEUR (éds), METRON. Measuring the Aegean Bronze Age.Proceedings of the 9th International Aegean Conference / 9e Rencontre égéenne in-ternationale, New Haven, Yale University, 18-21 April 2002, Aegaeum 24,Liège-Austin (2003).

MH Pottery F. FELTEN, W. GAUSS, R. SMETANA (éds), Middle Helladic Pottery and Synchro-& Synchronisms nisms. Proceedings of the International Workshop, Salzburg, October 30th to Nov-

ember 2nd, 2004, Wien (2007).

Minoan Thalassocracy R. HÄGG, N. MARINATOS (éds), The Minoan Thalassocracy : Myth and Reality.Proceedings of the Third International Symposium at the Swedish Institute inAthens, 31 May-5 June 1982, Stockholm (1984).

MYLONAS, ¢NE G. E. MYLONAS, Δe ‰˘ÙÈÎeÓ ÓÂÎÚÔÙ·ÊÂÖÔÓ ÙÉ˜ \EÏÂ˘Û›ÓÔ˜, \AıÉÓ·È (1975).

MYLONAS, TKB G. E. MYLONAS, O Ù·ÊÈÎe˜ Î‡ÎÏÔ˜ μ ÙáÓ ª˘ÎËÓáÓ, \AıÉÓ·È (1973).

Nichoria I G. RAPP, S. ASCHENBRENNER (éds), Excavations at Nichoria in Southwest Greece,I. Site, Environs and Techniques, Minneapolis (1978).

Nichoria II W. MCDONALD, N. WILKIE (éds), Excavations at Nichoria in Southwest Greece,II. The Bronze Age Occupation, Minneapolis (1992).

NORDQUIST, MH Village G. C. NORDQUIST, A Middle Helladic Village. Asine in the Argolid, Acta Universi-tatis Upsaliensis, Boreas 16, Uppsala (1987).

Origins O. T. P. K. DICKINSON, The Origins of Mycenaean Civilisation, SIMA 49, Göte-borg (1977).

ABRÉVIATIONS 9

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Palace of Nestor III C. W. BLEGEN, M. RAWSON, W. TAYLOUR, W. P. DONOVAN, The Palace of Nestorat Pylos in Western Messenia, III. Acropolis and Lower Town. Tholoi and GraveCircle, Chamber Tombs, Discoveries Outside the Citadel, Princeton (1973).

PELON, TTCF O. PELON, Tholoi, tumuli et cercles funéraires, BEFAR 229, Paris (1976).

Pevkakia III J. MARAN, Die deutschen Ausgrabungen auf der Pevkakia-Magula in Thessalien,III. Die mittlere Bronzezeit, Bonn (1992).

PHILIPPA-TOUCHAIS, A. PHILIPPA-TOUCHAIS, « Aperçu des céramiques mésohelladiques à décor Céramique Aspis I peint de l’Aspis d’Argos, I. La céramique à peinture mate », BCH 126

(2002), p. 1-40.

PHILIPPA-TOUCHAIS, A. PHILIPPA-TOUCHAIS, « Aperçu des céramiques mésohelladiques à décorCéramique Aspis II peint de l’Aspis d’Argos, II. La céramique à peinture lustrée », BCH 127

(2003), p. 1-47.

Polemos R. LAFFINEUR (éd.), POLEMOS. Le contexte guerrier en Égée à l’Âge du Bronze.Actes de la 7e Rencontre égéenne internationale, université de Liège, 14-17 avril1998, Aegaeum 19, Liège (1999).

Politeia R. LAFFINEUR, W.-D. NIEMEIER (éds), POLITEIA. Society and State in theAegean Bronze Age. Proceedings of the 5th International Aegean Conference /5e Rencontre égéenne internationale, University of Heidelberg, Archäologisches In-stitut 10-13 April 1994, Aegaeum 12, Liège-Austin (1995).

Potnia R. LAFFINEUR, R. HÄGG (éds), POTNIA. Deities and Religion in the AegeanBronze Age, Proceedings of the 8th International Aegean Conference / 8e Rencontreégéenne internationale, Göteborg University, 12-15 April 2000, Aegaeum 22,Liège-Austin (2001).

Pr. Eleusis G. E. MYLONAS, « ¶ÚÔ˚ÛÙÔÚÈÎc \EÏÂ˘Û›˜ », in K. KOUROUNIOTIS (éd.),\EÏÂ˘ÛÈÓÈ·Î¿ Aã (1932), p. 1-172.

Pr. Thessaly A. J. B. WACE, M. S. THOMPSON, Prehistoric Thessaly, Cambridge (1912).

Prosymna C. W. BLEGEN, Prosymna. The Helladic Settlement Preceding the Argive Her-aeum, Cambridge (1937).

RUTTER, Ayios Stephanos J. B. & S. H. RUTTER, The Transition to Mycenaean. A Stratified MH II toLH II A Pottery Sequence from Ayios Stephanos in Lakonia, Los Angeles (1976).

RUTTER, Review II J. B. RUTTER, « Review of Aegean Prehistory, II. The Prepalatial BronzeAge of the Southern and Central Greek Mainland », AJA 97 (1993), p. 745-797, reprinted in T. CULLEN (éd.), Aegean Prehistory: A Review, AJA Suppl. 1

(2001), p. 95-147, with « Addendum : 1993-1999 », p. 148-155.

TAW Thera and the Aegean World, London. I (1978), Ch. DOUMAS (éd.) ; II (1980),Ch. DOUMAS (éd.) ; III (1990), D. HARDY et al. (éds).

TEXNH R. LAFFINEUR, Ph. P. BETANCOURT (éds), TEXNH. Craftsmen, Craftswomenand Craftsmanship in the Aegean Bronze Age. Proceedings of the 6th InternationalAegean Conference / 6e Rencontre égéenne internationale, Philadelphia, Temple Uni-versity, 18-21 April 1996, Aegaeum 16, Liège (1997).

Thanatos R. LAFFINEUR (éd.), THANATOS. Les coutumes funéraires en Égée à l’Âge duBronze. Actes du colloque de Liège, 21-23 avril 1986, Aegaeum 1, Liège (1987).

10 ABRÉVIATIONS

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Transition R. LAFFINEUR (éd.), TRANSITION. Le monde égéen du Bronze Moyen au BronzeRécent. Actes de la 2e Rencontre égéenne internationale de l’université de Liège (18-20 avril 1988), Aegaeum 3, Liège (1989).

VALMIN, SME N. VALMIN, The Swedish Messenia Expedition, Lund (1938).

Wace & Blegen C. ZERNER, P. ZERNER, J. WINDER (éds), Proceedings of the International Con-ference Wace and Blegen. Pottery as Evidence for Trade in the Aegean Bronze Age1939-1989, Held at the American School of Classical Studies at Athens, Athens, De-cember 2-3, 1989, Amsterdam (1993).

ZERNER, Beginning C. W. ZERNER, The Beginning of the Middle Helladic Period at Lerna, PhD thesis,University of Cincinnati, Ann Arbor (1978).

ZERNER, MH Pottery I C. ZERNER, « Middle Helladic and Late Helladic I Pottery from Lerna »,Hydra 2 (1986), p. 58-74.

ZERNER, MH Pottery II C. ZERNER, « Middle Helladic and Late Helladic I Pottery from Lerna, II :Shapes », Hydra 4 (1988), p. 1-10.

ZERNER, Perspectives C. ZERNER, « New Perspectives on Trade in the Middle and Early Late Hel-ladic Periods on the Mainland », in Wace & Blegen, p. 39-56.

SUBDIVISIONS CHRONOLOGIQUES

English

EB(A), MB(A), LB(A) Early Bronze (Age), Middle Bronze (Age), Late Bronze (Age)

EC, MC, LC Early Cycladic, Middle Cycladic, Late Cycladic

EH, MH, LH Early Helladic, Middle Helladic, Late Helladic

EIA Early Iron Age

EM, MM, LM Early Minoan, Middle Minoan, Late Minoan

Français

BA, BM, BR Bronze Ancien, Bronze Moyen, Bronze Récent

CA, CM, CR Cycladique Ancien, Cycladique Moyen, Cycladique Récent

HA, HM, HR Helladique Ancien, Helladique Moyen, Helladique Récent

MA, MM, MR Minoen Ancien, Minoen Moyen, Minoen Récent

EÏÏËÓÈÎ¿

¶∂, ª∂, À∂ ¶ÚˆÙÔÂÏÏ·‰ÈÎfi˜, ªÂÛÔÂÏÏ·‰ÈÎfi˜, ÀÛÙÂÚÔÂÏÏ·‰ÈÎfi˜

¶∂Ã, ª∂Ã, À∂Ã ¶ÚÒÈÌË ∂Ô¯‹ ÙÔ˘ Ã·ÏÎÔ‡, ª¤ÛË ∂Ô¯‹ ÙÔ˘ Ã·ÏÎÔ‡, ⁄ÛÙÂÚË ∂Ô¯‹ ÙÔ˘ Ã·ÏÎÔ‡

¶M, MK, YK ¶ÚˆÙÈÎ˘ÎÏ·‰ÈÎfi˜, MÂÛÔÎ˘ÎÏ·‰ÈÎfi˜, YÛÙÂÚÔÎ˘ÎÏ·‰ÈÎfi˜

¶Ã, ªÃ, ÀÃ ¶ÚˆÙÔ¯·ÏÎfi˜, ªÂÛÔ¯·ÏÎfi˜, ÀÛÙÂÚÔ¯·ÏÎfi˜

¶ÚÒÈÌË Ã·ÏÎÔÎÚ·Ù›·, ª¤ÛË Ã·ÏÎÔÎÚ·Ù›·, ⁄ÛÙÂÚË Ã·ÏÎÔÎÚ·Ù›·

ABRÉVIATIONS 11

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The Middle Helladic and Late Helladic I Periods at Aigion in Achaea

Lena PAPAZOGLOU-MANIOUDAKI

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RÉSUMÉ L’Helladique Moyen et l’Helladique Récent I à Aigion (Achaïe)

Les fouilles d’urgence menées dans la ville d’Aigion ont révélé l’image d’un habitat préhistoriquecôtier semblable aux habitats bien connus d’Argolide et de Corinthie, certaines trouvailles attestantquant à elles l’existence de liens avec la Grèce centrale. Après la destruction de la fin de l’HA II, Ai-gion ne semble pas avoir été réoccupé avant l’HM II. Les vestiges architecturaux HM ne sont pas trèslisibles et l’essentiel des données provient d’un niveau de destruction contenant de la céramique ca-ractéristique de la période. De l’HR I date apparemment un bâtiment rectangulaire, qui demeura enservice jusqu’à l’HR IIA. Le matériel céramique comprend toutes les séries connues à l'HM, ainsi quede la poterie mycénienne HR I. Les sépultures dans l'habitat trouvées à Aigion – cistes, simples fosses,sépultures en jarre – datent de l'HM III-HR I. De la même période datent, à Patras, des groupes detombes creusées hors de l’habitat.

¶EPI§HæH ∏ ÌÂÛÔÂÏÏ·‰ÈÎ‹ Î·È Ë ÛÙÂÚÔÂÏÏ·‰ÈÎ‹ π ÂÚ›Ô‰Ô ÛÙÔ ∞›ÁÈÔ ÙË˜ ∞¯·˝·˜

™ˆÛÙÈÎ¤˜ ·Ó·ÛÎ·Ê¤˜ Ì¤Û· ÛÙËÓ fiÏË ÙÔ˘ ∞ÈÁ›Ô˘ ·ÔÎ¿Ï˘„·Ó ÙËÓ ÂÈÎfiÓ· ÌÈ·˜ ·Ú·ı·Ï¿ÛÛÈ·˜

ÚÔ˚ÛÙÔÚÈÎ‹˜ ÂÁÎ·Ù¿ÛÙ·ÛË˜, fiÌÔÈ·˜ ÌÂ ÙÔ˘˜ Î·Ï‡ÙÂÚ· ÁÓˆÛÙÔ‡˜ ÔÈÎÈÛÌÔ‡˜ ÙË˜ ∞ÚÁÔÏ›‰·˜ Î·È ÙË˜

∫ÔÚÈÓı›·˜, ÔÚÈÛÌ¤Ó· ‰Â Â˘Ú‹Ì·Ù· Ê·ÓÂÚÒÓÔ˘Ó Â·Ê¤˜ ÌÂ ÙËÓ ∫ÂÓÙÚÈÎ‹ ∂ÏÏ¿‰·. ªÂÙ¿ ÙËÓ

Î·Ù·ÛÙÚÔÊ‹ ÛÙ· Ù¤ÏË ÙË˜ ¶∂ ππ ÂÚÈfi‰Ô˘, ÙÔ ∞›ÁÈÔ Ê·›ÓÂÙ·È fiÙÈ Î·ÙÔÈÎ‹ıËÎÂ Í·Ó¿ ÛÙË ‰È¿ÚÎÂÈ· ÙË˜

ª∂ ππ. Δ· ª∂ ÔÈÎÔ‰ÔÌÈÎ¿ Î·Ù¿ÏÔÈ· ‰ÂÓ Â›Ó·È ·ÚÎÂÙ¿ Û·Ê‹, ÂÓÒ ¤Ó· ÌÂÁ¿ÏÔ Ì¤ÚÔ˜ ÙˆÓ ‰Â‰ÔÌ¤ÓˆÓ

ÚÔ¤Ú¯ÂÙ·È ·fi ÛÙÚÒÌ· Î·Ù·ÛÙÚÔÊ‹˜, Ô˘ ÂÚÈÂ›¯Â ¯·Ú·ÎÙËÚÈÛÙÈÎ‹ ÙË˜ ÂÚÈfi‰Ô˘ ÎÂÚ·ÌÂÈÎ‹.

™ÙËÓ À∂ π ÌÔÚÂ› Ó· ÚÔÓÔÏÔÁËıÂ› ¤Ó· ÔÚıÔÁÒÓÈÔ ÔÈÎÔ‰fiÌËÌ·, Ô˘ ‹Ù·Ó ÛÂ Ú‹ÛË Ì¤¯ÚÈ ÙËÓ À∂ ππ∞.

∏ ÎÂÚ·ÌÂÈÎ‹ ÂÚÈÏ·Ì‚¿ÓÂÈ fiÏÂ˜ ÙÈ˜ ÁÓˆÛÙ¤˜ ª∂ Î·ÙËÁÔÚ›Â˜, Î·ıÒ˜ Î·È À∂ π Ì˘ÎËÓ·˚Î‹ ÎÂÚ·ÌÂÈÎ‹.

√È Ù·Ê¤˜ ÂÓÙfi˜ ÙˆÓ ÔÚ›ˆÓ ÙÔ˘ ÔÈÎÈÛÌÔ‡ ÛÙÔ ∞›ÁÈÔ ¯ÚÔÓÔÏÔÁÔ‡ÓÙ·È ÛÙË ª∂ πππ/À∂ π ÂÚ›Ô‰Ô Î·È

·Ó‹ÎÔ˘Ó ÛÙÔÓ Ù‡Ô ÙÔ˘ ÎÈ‚ˆÙÈfiÛ¯ËÌÔ˘ Ù¿ÊÔ˘, ÙÔ˘ ·ÏÔ‡ Ï¿ÎÎÔ˘ Î·È ÙÔ˘ ÂÁ¯˘ÙÚÈÛÌÔ‡. ™˘ÛÙ¿‰Â˜

Ù·ÊÒÓ ÂÎÙfi˜ ÔÚ›ˆÓ ÔÈÎÈÛÌÔ‡ ÛÙËÓ ¶¿ÙÚ· ÚÔÓÔÏÔÁÔ‡ÓÙ·È ÛÙËÓ ›‰È· ÂÚ›Ô‰Ô.

110_BCH Suppl 52_PapazoglouBAT 26/8/2010 12:14 µµ Page 129

Approaching Aigion today from the east, from the direction of Athens, it is not immedi-ately apparent that this is a naturally fortified site. The approach is extraordinarily gradualfrom the great alluvial plain through which the river Selinus runs.1 The oblong, conglom-erate height, with a wide flat top, on which both ancient and modern Aigion were built, isan extension of the Panachaikon range. The slopes are particularly steep, especially towardthe sea, where they reach a height of 60 m. It has quite rightly been termed a “promon-toire”.2

Aigion lies on the northern shore of the Peloponnese or on the southern coast of theCorinthian Gulf. It faces Kirrha and the roadways to Phthiotis and to Thessaly3 and it hadeasy access to the Argolid centres by way of coastal and land routes.4 Westward, towardPatras, the Panachaikon range makes communication difficult and separates Aigion fromwestern Achaea (Patras, Pharai, Portes), a fact reflected also in the archaeological material. An advantageous location and fertile soil with ample water are the basic factors in thechoice of a settlement site and this holds true for Aigion.5 The completely level plain wassuitable for the ox-drawn plough, a new technology for cultivation of the soil, which wasintroduced during the Early Helladic period, to become the determining factor in thedevelopment of existing settlements.6 To the east near the sea is a small lagoon, a gath-ering place for migratory birds. The presence of a lagoon is a feature likewise of anotherimportant Achaean settlement, Teichos Dymaion.7 Similar shallow lakes, now dry, werecharacteristic also of other places such as Asine and Lerna8 and were a source of food fortheir inhabitants. The area is prone to earthquake and earthquakes are frequently followed by sinking of thecoastal areas and tidal-waves, such as that observed in the great earthquake of 1995.

130 Lena PAPAZOGLOU-MANIOUDAKI

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* I thank S.Dietz and A. Philippa-Touchais for discussions on the finds, M. Petropoulos and E. Kollia for theirhelp in preparing the study in Patras and Aigion, and M. Caskey for the translation of the text. The drawingsof the finds were made by M. Petropoulou with funding from the Psycha Foundation.

1. M. PETROPOULOS, D. KATSONOPOULOU, S. SOTER, “∞Ú¯·›· ∂Ï›ÎË”, ArchDelt 46 (1991) Bã1, p. 157-162,drawing 9.

2. E. MASTROKOSTAS, “∞úÁÈÔÓ”, ArchDelt 22 (1967) Bã1, p. 214-215 with reference to E. BUCHON, La Grèce conti-nentale et la Morée (1843), p. 525.

3. E. W. KASE, G. J. SZEMLER, N. C. WILKIE et al. (eds.), The Great Isthmus Corridor Route. Explorations of thePhocis-Doris Expedition I (1991), p. 21ff; L. PAPAZOGLOU-MANIOUDAKI, “¶‹ÏÈÓ· Î·È ¯¿ÏÎÈÓ· ÙË˜ ¶ÚÒ˚ÌË˜ª˘ÎËÓ·˚Î‹˜ ÂÔ¯‹˜ ·fi ÙËÓ ∞¯·˝·”, in E. FROUSSOU (ed.), ∏ ÂÚÈÊ¤ÚÂÈ· ÙÔ˘ Ì˘ÎËÓ·˚ÎÔ‡ ÎfiÛÌÔ˘,∞' ¢ÈÂıÓ¤˜ ¢ÈÂÈÛÙËÌÔÓÈÎfi ™˘ÌfiÛÈÔ, §·Ì›·, 25-29 ™ÂÙÂÌ‚Ú›Ô˘ 1994 (1999), p. 279.

4. O. DICKINSON, The Aegean Bronze Age (1994), p. 162-163, fig. 5.34.5. J. L. BINTLIFF, Natural Environment and Human Settlement in Prehistoric Greece (1977), p. 114-115; D. KONSOLA,

¶ÚÔÌ˘ÎËÓ·˚Î‹ £‹‚·. ÃˆÚÔÙ·ÍÈÎ‹ Î·È ÔÈÎÈÛÙÈÎ‹ ‰È¿ÚıÚˆÛË (1981), p. 65-66.6. D. PULLEN, “Ox and Plow in Early Bronze Age Aegean”, AJA 96 (1992), p. 46.7. Th. PAPADOPOULOS, Mycenaean Achaea (1978), p. 24-25, fig. 15.8. DIETZ, Argolid, p. 281.


Ancient Helike,9 the city that was submerged in 373 B.C. (Pausanias, Achaia VII, 24),lies 40 stades (7-7.5 km) to the east of Aigion. Yet the ever-present threat of earthquake,which led to the cults of Poseidon “'âÓÔÛ›¯ıˆÓÔ˜’ Î·d 'âÓÔÛÈÁ·›Ô˘' Âå˜ EÏ›ÎËÓ ÙÂ Î·d ∞åÁ¿˜”,known as early as the time of Homer (Il. VIII, 200-208), has not prevented the almostcontinuous habitation of Aigion from Neolithic times to now.The combination of information from rescue excavations (some 15 in all) over the past25 years determines the location and extent of the prehistoric settlement of Aigion andleads to the conclusion that it bordered the northeastern part of the modern city, at the oldcity, which developed around the church of the Eisodion.10 Located in that area, a natu-rally fortified position that commands both harbour and fertile plain, are the remains ofthe classical Acropolis of Aigion and the Frankish fortress. The pre-Mycenaean phases are to be found chiefly on the northeast edge of the hill, atwhich time the settlement was evidently smaller than in the Mycenaean period. Only afew indications of Neolithic habitation had been found at Aigion until recently (2005),when extensive Neolithic levels came to light.11 The EH II levels in the building lots at 2Aristeidou Street and 18 Dodecaneson Street revealed stratified remains of rectangular andapsidal buildings, mudbrick walls collapsed in an earthquake, hearths and deposits.12 Anextensive destruction level of burning, 60 cm thick, covered the ruins of the settlement atthe end of the EH II period. The finds included sauceboats, bowls, a bronze chisel, afragment of a Cycladic stone vessel with incised decoration, blades of Melian obsidian anda seal made of antler’s horn (CMS V Suppl. IB, no. 164). The destruction of the EH II settlement at Aigion appears to have been followed by aperiod of abandonment. A destruction level with scattered stones and fragments of mud-bricks burned in the conflagration that followed the collapse of the buildings was exca-vated to a depth of 1.50 m below the modern surface in the northeastern part of thebuilding lot at 2 Aristeidou Street at the edge of the Aigion hill. This has provided the ear-liest evidence for settlement of this area in Middle Helladic times and its destruction beforethe appearance of LH I pottery. The topmost levels here were destroyed during lateractivity. A group of pottery from this area includes well-known categories of MiddleHelladic pottery, such as good quality Minyan ware, dark painted burnished pottery withincised decoration (the so-called “Adriatic ware”), and pottery with Matt-Painted deco-ration.

THE MIDDLE HELLADIC AND LATE HELLADIC I PERIODS AT AIGION IN ACHAIA 131

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9. AR 48 (2001-2002), p. 38-40 for reference to EH III finds including a “depas amphikypellon”.10. L. PAPAZOGLOU-MANIOUDAKI, √ Ì˘ÎËÓ·˚Îfi˜ ÔÈÎÈÛÌfi˜ ÙÔ˘ ∞ÈÁ›Ô˘ Î·È Ë ÚÒ˚ÌË Ì˘ÎËÓ·˚Î‹ ÂÔ¯‹ ÛÙËÓ ∞¯·˝·,

PhD thesis, University of Athens (1998), p. 11-17.11. I thank my colleague E. Kollia for this information.12. L. PAPAZOGLOU-MANIOUDAKI, “∞›ÁÈÔ”, ArchDelt 39 (1984) Bã1, p. 94-95, 98; ead (supra, n. 10), p. 17-27;

FORSÉN, Twilight, p. 82-83; Ägäische Frühzeit II.2, p. 675-677.


THE MIDDLE HELLADIC POTTERY

The Grey Minyan pottery is wheel-turned, of fine quality, and it appears to have beenimported into Aigion. Boeotia may well have been the source, since it is known to havebeen the most important production centre of Minyan pottery.13 The vessels for the mostpart are kantharoi with carinated profile and incised decoration (Fig. 1). The existence ofcurvilinear incision in the form of a garland, on cups and kantharoi is known from examplesfrom phase 2 at Eutresis, datable in the MH II/MH III period,14 from the acropolis atMycenae (Nat. Mus. 2582, unpublished), from Tiryns15 and recently from the acropolis atMidea, which was resettled in the MH II period.16 The straight-line incised decorations onthe Aigion pottery are paralleled on the Grey Minyan from the settlement at Pefkakia,Volos, found in phases 5-7, dated at the end of the MH II and the MH III period.17 Asmall closed vessel with high-swung handle and the fragment of a handle, which has plas-tically rendered studs in imitation of a metal prototype, differ in the quality of the clay.Missing at Aigion are the goblets with ringed stem, as also is the case at Nichoria inMessenia.18

The fragment with a Black Burnished surface (Fig. 2) also has incised decoration.19 Thecoarse household utensils with incised decoration belong to the category known as “Adriaticware”,20 which has been found recently in levels of the late Middle Helladic period in theCave of the Lakes at Kastria in Achaea.21

The pottery with Matt-Painted decoration shows similarities in clay, surface and deco-ration (brown clay with a greyish green core and light coloured inclusions, smooth surface,black paint well preserved). They may well have come from a workshop in Aigion. Theshapes include closed vessels and cups (Figs. 3-5). The decorative themes of the vasesare all rectilinear and are versions of the well-known decorative patterns of MH pottery


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13. K. DEMAKOPOULOU, D. KONSOLA, “§Â›„·Ó· ¶ÚˆÙÔÂÏÏ·‰ÈÎÔ‡, ªÂÛÔÂÏÏ·‰ÈÎÔ‡ Î·È ÀÛÙÂÚÔÂÏÏ·‰ÈÎÔ‡ÔÈÎÈÛÌÔ‡ ÛÙË £‹‚·”, ArchDelt 30 (1975) Aã, p. 66; ZERNER, Perspectives, p. 47.

14. Eutresis, p. 142-144, fig. 199; for the dating see Pevkakia III, p. 374.15. D. & E. FRENCH, “Prehistoric Pottery of the Area of the Agricultural Prison”, Tiryns V (1971), p. 24, fig. 3: 3.16. G. WALBERG, Excavations on the Acropolis of Midea. Results of the Greek-Swedish Excavations I: The Excavations on

the Lower Terraces 1985-1991 (1998), p. 97-98.17. Pevkakia III, p. 93.

18. R. HOWELL, “ The Middle Helladic Settlement: Pottery ”, in Nichoria II, p. 73, 75.19. D. & E. FRENCH (supra, n. 15), p. 25. 20. K. DEMAKOPOULOU, D. KONSOLA (supra, n. 13), p. 76-77; ZERNER, Perspectives, p. 44 (coarse incised).21. S. KATSAROU, A. SAMPSON, “∏ ·Ó·ÛÎ·ÊÈÎ‹ ¤ÚÂ˘Ó· ÛÙÔ Û‹Ï·ÈÔ ÙˆÓ §ÈÌÓÒÓ ÛÙ· ∫·ÛÙÚÈ¿ ∫·Ï·‚Ú‡ÙˆÓ”,

AAA 22 (1989), p. 165, fig. 4.


(groups of oblique lines that form net-patterns),22 which betray a strongly EH III tra-dition.23 Particular attention should be given to the jug with the characteristic back-turnedneck (Fig. 3). The type is reminiscent of the well-known jugs from Kirrha in Phokis24 andthe Spercheios valley in Phthiotis,25 even though the Aigion jug is from the same workshopas the other Matt-Painted vases.

The gravesTwo graves were found in the same building lot at 2 Aristeidou Street. One is a largeburial pithos of oval shape, half-preserved, and already robbed and destroyed in antiquity.The second (Fig. 6) is a cist grave, oriented north-south and constructed of medium andsmall coarsely worked stones. River pebbles covered the floor. The dead was placed incontracted position turned to the left (east), with the head toward the south. Examinationof the well preserved teeth show that this was a child of some 10-12 years in age. Thegrave measured 1.55 m in length, and 1.15 m in width.No burial gifts were found within the grave. Cleaning of the outer side of the walls,however, yielded fragments of miniature Minyan vases, which may have belonged to thegrave, such as the tiny Minyan amphoriskos in a Middle Helladic intra muros grave atThebes.26 The vases of Aigion, as the one from Thebes, can be dated in the MH III/LH Iperiod, when small, usually closed vessels, are added to the ceramic types of Minyanpottery.27 In this case, the intra muros burials are later than the MH pottery from the sameplace.28

To this same period also belong a group of graves that represent the earliest habitation inwhat is today the centre of Patras. Excavated at 145 Smyrna and Laskaris Streets, near PsilaAlonia, were some six built cist graves and another two with walls constructed of verticalslabs. The tombs were discovered at a depth of 2.20 m below present ground-level in asterile fill. They form a small group of extra muros graves that belonged to a yet unknownsettlement. From the topographical standpoint, the settlement might be either in the PsilaAlonia Square 500 m to the west or at the Kastro of Patras, located 1 km further west.29


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22. BUCK, p. 257-261, pl. 42-43; for a jug of unknown provenance in Achaea see Th. PAPADOPOULOS (supra,n. 7), p. 65, fig. 50 d.

23. Lerna III, p. 561-565.24. BUCK, shape B13, with earlier bibliography; Y. NIKOPOULOU, “∞Ó·ÛÎ·Ê‹ ÚÔ˚ÛÙÔÚÈÎ‹˜ ∫›ÚÚ·˜”, AAA 1

(1968), p. 145 fig. 2; M. TSIPOPOULOU, “∫›ÚÚ·”, ArchDelt 35 (1980) Bã1, p. 259, pl. 110 ‚.25. E. W. KASE et al. (supra, n. 3), p. 73, pl. 12 (F. DAKORONIA). The jug is wrongly dated to the Submyce-

naean period, see F. DAKORONIA in this volume (infra, p. 573-581).26. K. DEMAKOPOULOU, D. KONSOLA (supra, n. 13), p. 69-70, pl. 31. 27. ZERNER, Perspectives, p. 43.28. DIETZ, Argolid, p. 275-276.29. L. PAPAZOGLOU-MANIOUDAKI, “∂ÈÛËÁÌ¤ÓË ÎÂÚ·ÌÂÈÎ‹ ÛÙÔ˘˜ Ì˘ÎËÓ·˚ÎÔ‡˜ Ù¿ÊÔ˘˜ ÙË˜ ¶¿ÙÚ·˜”, in Wace &

Blegen, p. 210, plan of Patras.


The form of the cist graves, the existence of many burials and removals in the interiors, to-gether with the finds, suggest a date in the transitional MH III/LH I period. Includedamong the grave gifts, which are very poor, is the foot of a krateriskos (stemmed goblet)and a cup. The foot and base continued to be of value and to have served some use evenafter it was severed from the main body of the krateriskos. In the LH IIB-IIIA1 tholos tombat Petroto, Patras, which included pottery in the Middle Helladic tradition, a similar foothad served as an incense burner.30 The cup is decorated with a continuous festoon thatcovers the entire body of the vase just as do the solid triangles on the one-handled cup fromgraves of the same period at Corinth.31

The recent excavations at Portes, Achaea,32 have brought to light tumuli and cist graves ofthe LH I period, thus filling a substantial gap in our knowledge of the extra muros burialsin Achaea, known up to now only from sporadic finds at Thea, Patras, and Chalandritsa.33

THE LATE HELLADIC I PERIOD AT AIGION

During the LH I period, the settlement appears to have extended from the edge of the hillwestward toward the interior, with new buildings erected.To this phase belongs the large rectangular building in the building lot of 8 PolychroniadouStreet.34 It is oriented north-south and the interior is divided into two unequal parts by awall (Fig. 7). The exterior measurements are 12.50 x 3.50 m. In the interior, the measure-ments of the large south room (Room I) are 9 × 4,5 m and the north room (Room II)measures 2.50 x 4.50 m. Preserved are only the foundations of the walls, with a width of0.50 m and height of 0.30 m. They comprise two courses of unworked medium sizedstones taken from the beds of the nearby rivers and a few pieces of conglomerate from thesubstratum of the Aigion hill itself. Form and size place it with the characteristic examplesof the LH I/IIA period such as the buildings at Tsoungiza in Corinthia,35 Kirrha in Phokis


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30. Ead., “√ ıÔÏˆÙfi˜ Ù¿ÊÔ˜ ÙÔ˘ ¶ÂÙÚˆÙÔ‡ ¶·ÙÚÒÓ. Δ· ÚÒÙ· ÛÙÔÈ¯Â›· ÙË˜ ¤ÚÂ˘Ó·˜”, in N. KYPARISSI-APOS-TOLIKA, M. PAPAKONSTANTINOU (eds.), ∏ ÂÚÈÊ¤ÚÂÈ· ÙÔ˘ Ì˘ÎËÓ·˚ÎÔ‡ ÎfiÛÌÔ˘, μã ¢ÈÂıÓ¤˜ ¢ÈÂÈÛÙËÌÔÓÈÎfi™˘ÌfiÛÈÔ, §·Ì›· 26-30 ™ÂÙÂÌ‚Ú›Ô˘ 1999 (2003), p. 437.

31. C. W. BLEGEN, H. PALMER, R. S. YOUNG, Corinth XIII. The North Cemetery (1964), p. 5, 10, pl. 5.4;J. B. RUTTER, “Pottery Groups from Tsoungiza of the End of the Middle Bronze Age”, Hesperia 59 (1990), Ap-pendix, p. 455-458; for the date of the graves at the beginning of the LH I period see DIETZ, Argolid, p. 159.

32. I. MOSCHOS, “Prehistoric Tumuli at Portes. First Preliminary Report”, Proceedings of the Danish Institute at Athens3 (2000), p. 9-49.

33. L. PAPAZOGLOU-MANIOUDAKI (supra, n. 3), p. 272-273, figs. 14-19.34. Ead., “∞›ÁÈÔ”, AD 37 (1982) Bã1, p. 149; ead. (supra, n. 10), p. 28-74; RUTTER, Review II (1993), p. 787-788. 35. J. C. WRIGHT J. F. CHERRY, E. MANTZOURANI et al., “ The Nemea Valley Archaeological Project: A Prelimi-

nary Report”, Hesperia 59 (1990), p. 632, fig. 19; J. C. WRIGHT, “An Early Mycenaean Hamlet on Tsoungizaat Ancient Nemea”, in Habitat égéen, p. 348-350, fig. 1.


or Thermon in Aitolia.36 In Achaia in the settlement at the locality of Drakotrypa (Pharai)37

a rectangular room was excavated, measuring 9.50 × 7.20 m. This belongs to the firstphase of the settlement, at the end of the Middle Helladic and beginning of the earlyMycenaean period. The existence in Aigion of a second large, closed, rectangular space tothe east, like the “double megaron” at Kirrha or the two “megara” of Tsoungiza, which areclose chronologically and were used from the very beginning to the very end of the LH Iperiod,38 cannot be ruled out, although the existing evidence is insufficient for certainty.No extensive occupation floor was preserved, unfortunately, within the rectangular buildingin Aigion. Even so, a number of closed deposits were recovered with pottery characteristicof the LH I period. The stratigraphy is better preserved in the destruction layer of LH IIAtimes. At the end of that period the rectangular building was destroyed and new wallswere introduced in the interior of the building, changing the ground plan during the sub-sequent LH IIB-IIIA1 phase. A cist grave and two burials in a pit inside the rectangularbuilding of the LH I period, and two pithos burials were found in the excavation of thebuilding lot at 8 Polychroniadou Street. The Matt-Painted ware of good quality clay includes drinking and serving vessels for tableuse. The clay is of two types: a) light brown in colour or brownish red, with similarsurface, and b) brownish red with smooth and burnished surface. For the shapes of theopen vessels, kantharoi and cups with rounded or straight walls and for the decorativepatterns, such as the spiral, the festoon and the wavy band (Figs. 8, 9), there are exactparallels in the Argolid at the end of MH IIIB and the LH I period.39 The jug of goodquality light brown clay and thin walls, with a surface smoothed but not polished, has arich, complex decoration that covers most of the body (Fig. 10). The type is consideredto be characteristic of the MH IIIB period.40

The Matt-Painted ware of semi-coarse clay includes closed transport vessels such as thestamnos comparable in shape and decoration to that from the settlement at the localityDrakotrypa at Katarrakti.41 The krateriskoi (stemmed goblets) with painted decoration are


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36. K. A. WARDLE, “Cultural Groups of the Late Bronze Age and Early Iron Age in North-West Greece”, GodisnjakCentar za Balkanoloska Ipitivanja 15 (1977), p. 159-161, fig. 2; I. A. PAPAPOSTOLOU, “ΔÔ Ù¤ÏÔ˜ ÙË˜ Ì˘ÎËÓ·˚Î‹˜ÂÔ¯‹˜ ÛÙÔ £¤ÚÌÔ”, in N. KYPARISSI-APOSTOLIKA, M. PAPAKONSTANTINOU (eds.) (supra, n. 30), p. 136-137,fig. 2, 3.

37. N. ZAPHEIROPOULOS, “\AÓ·ÛÎ·Êc âÓ º·Ú·Ö˜”, Prakt 1958, p. 167-170; Origins, p. 23; Th. PAPADOPOULOS

(supra, n. 7), p. 45; G. HIESEL, Späthelladische Hausarchitektur. Studien zur Architekturgeschichte des griechischenFestlandes in der späten Bronzezeit (1990), p. 70-71.

38. J. C. WRIGHT (supra, n. 35), p. 348-350, fig. 1.39. DIETZ, Argolid, p. 154, 160-164. 40. E. PROTONOTARIOU-DEILAKI, √È Ù‡Ì‚ÔÈ ÙÔ˘ ÕÚÁÔ˘˜, PhD thesis, University of Athens (1980), p. 112, 183,

pl. E7, drawing E19.41. Th. PAPADOPOULOS (supra, n. 7), p. 165, fig. 51 a.


known from settlements of MH III/LH I times, such as Asine and Tsoungiza.42 Notable isthe decoration with solid triangles (Fig. 11) seen also on the krateriskoi from Pagona inPatras.43

Aeginetan Matt-Painted ware is represented by handles and bases belonging to amphoras,jugs or hydrias, the clay of which has a greenish surface (Fig. 12). Similar are handlesfrom Lerna, the petrographic analysis of which has shown them to be of Aeginetan origin.44

A few fragments of the Polychrome Matt-Painted pottery of Central Greece (“MainlandPolychrome”) have been found at Aigion in the form of closed vessels (Fig. 13) and kraters(Fig. 14).45 Fragments of a krateriskos and bridge-spouted pithos from the settlement atThermon in Aitolia are likewise decorated in this technique.46 The rims of the kratersresemble those of kraters from Akrotiri in Thera of Aeginetan origin.47 The spout of abridge-spouted jar belongs to the class of pottery with bichrome clay that, like the previousgroup, is considered not to be Argive.48 The vases are wheel-made. A few small bodysherds of open vessels, probably krateriskoi, belong to the Red-slipped category.49 LustrousDecorated Minoanising pottery is represented by part of a cup with interior decorated inwhite paint and impressed spirals on the rim.50

The small corpus of Mycenaean pottery of the LH I period from 8 Polychroniadou Streetat Aigion can be dated in the advanced LH I period. It comprises Vapheio cups, hemi-spherical cups and closed vessels such as the fragments decorated with circles (Fig. 15)that probably come from a bridge-spouted jar similar to one from the settlement at Lerna.51

An isolated rim fragment from a Vapheio cup decorated with zones of metopes and crocusbands (Fig. 16) comes from 2 Aristeidou Street.52


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42. DIETZ, Argolid, p. 170. 43. S. DIETZ, M. STAVROPOULOU-GATSI, in this volume (supra, p. 124).44. ZERNER, MH Pottery I, p. 65-66; II, p. 1-10, fig. 66; W. WOHLMAYR, “Aegina Kolonna MH III-LH I: Ceramic

Phases of an Aegean Trade-Domain”, in MH Pottery & Synchronisms, p. 45-48, fig. 4.45. DIETZ, Argolid, p. 217-223, 301-303, fig. 90; V. ARAVANTINOS, “£‹‚·”, ArchDelt 36 (1981) Bã1, p. 188-189,

pl. 117 Á, ‰ (Thebes); E. KAKAVOYANNIS, “∞Ó·ÛÎ·ÊÈÎ¤˜ ¤ÚÂ˘ÓÂ˜ ÛÙÈ˜ º¤ÚÂ˜ ÙË˜ £ÂÛÛ·Ï›·˜ ÙÔ 1977”, AAA10 (1977), p. 184-186, fig. 6 (Velestino, Thessaly).

46. K. A. WARDLE (supra, n. 36), p. 168, fig. 6; id. & D. WARDLE, “Prehistoric Thermon: Pottery of the LateBronze and Early Iron Age”, in N. KYPARISSI-APOSTOLIKA, M. PAPAKONSTANTINOU (eds.) (supra, n. 30), p. 149.

47. M. MARTHARI, “∞ÎÚˆÙ‹ÚÈ. ∫ÂÚ·ÌÂÈÎ‹ ÌÂÛÔÂÏÏ·‰ÈÎ‹˜ ·Ú¿‰ÔÛË˜ ÛÙÔ ÛÙÚÒÌ· ÙË˜ ËÊ·ÈÛÙÂÈ·Î‹˜Î·Ù·ÛÙÚÔÊ‹˜”, ArchEph 119 (1980), p. 189-190, fig. 4: 4, pl. 69; DIETZ, Argolid, p. 32-33.

48. DIETZ, Argolid: “Asine Bichrome”. In spring 1995 C. Zerner showed me unpainted fragments from Lerna withthe same characteristic clay.

49. DIETZ, Argolid, p. 31; K. DEMAKOPOULOU, D. KONSOLA (supra, n. 13), p. 72-73.50. ZERNER, Perspectives, p. 45-46; S. HILLER, “Minoan and Minoanizing Pottery on Aegina”, in Wace & Blegen,

p. 197, pl. 22 a.51. P. A. MOUNTJOY, Mycenaean Decorated Pottery (1983), p. 13-14, fig. 6: 1.52. Ibid., p. 14-15, figs. 7, 8.


The plain unpainted pottery includes cups, kantharoi, kraters and krateriskoi. Some vesselshave the pointed handles known in Central Greece and the Northwestern Peloponnese,53

and there is also a “wishbone-handle” (Fig. 17) from the excavation in Palaiologou Street,54

a type known in the early Mycenaean settlement at Thermon in Aitolia55 and at Pagona inPatras.56

The cooking vessels from the settlement at Aigion follow the types known in Argolis andCorinthia,57 with ovoid body, narrow base (diam. 3.5-6.5 cm), and a single handle. Notableare the absence of the Aegina type that is widely found and their difference from thecooking vessels of western Achaea.58 These last have oval pointed body and they areknown from the MH/LH I settlement at Drakotrypa to the tholos tomb at Petroto, Patras,dated in the LH IIB-IIIA1 period.59

The excavation and study of the material from Aigion has, for the first time in Achaea,given us a picture of a provincial seaside settlement that fits into the same framework asthe well known settlements of Argolis and Corinthia, while some finds betray connectionswith Central Greece as well. The evidence in hand shows that Aigion was settled again inMH II times after the destruction at the end of the EH II period. Life is known to havecontinued throughout Middle Helladic times in the most important settlements of theArgolid, such as Lerna, Asine and Argos.60 The resettlement of Aigion during advancedMiddle Helladic times coincides with the social mobility and rise of new social classes thatare evident in this period, as demonstrated by the rich warrior graves in Aegina, Boeotiaand Messenia that precede the Shaft Graves of Mycenae chronologically.61 The settlement


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53. Th. PAPADOPOULOS (supra, n. 7), p. 65, fig. 48 d, from Drakotrypa; S. DIETZ, I. MOSCHOS (eds.), Chalkis AitoliasI: The Prehistoric Periods (2006), p. 49-51, no. 229.

54. E. MASTROKOSTAS, “∞úÁÈÔÓ”, ArchDelt 22 (1967) Bã1, p. 216-217; id., “∂å‰‹ÛÂÈ˜ âÍ \A¯·˝·˜”, AAA 1 (1968),p. 136, no. 2 on the topographical plan. It is located on the eastern slopes of the hill and the finds are un-stratified.

55. K. RHOMAIOU, “\EÎ ÙÔÜ ÚÔ˚ÛÙÔÚÈÎÔÜ £¤ÚÌÔ˘”, ArchDelt 1 (1915), p. 262, fig. 28; K. A.WARDLE (supra,n. 36), p. 171; S. DIETZ, I. MOSCHOS (eds.) (supra, n. 53), p. 54-55, no. 134.

56. M. STAVROPOULOU-GATSI, “√ ÔÈÎÈÛÌfi˜ ÙË˜ ÂÔ¯‹˜ ÙÔ˘ Ã·ÏÎÔ‡ ÛÙËÓ ¶·ÁÒÓ· ÙË˜ ¶¿ÙÚ·˜”, in V. MITSOPOULOU-LEON (ed.), Forschungen in der Peloponnes. Akten des Symposions anlässlich der Feier “100 Jahre ÖsterreichischesArchaeologisches Instituts Athen”, Athen 5.3-7.3.1998 (2001), p. 37, pl. 3: 3; ead., V. KARAGEORGHIS, “Imitationsof Late Bronze Age Cypriote Ceramics from Patras-Pagona”, RDAC 2003, p. 95-104.

57. J. B. RUTTER (supra, n. 31), p. 449-451, figs. 17-18.58. Kiapha Thiti II.2, p. 187, pl. 6: 220, 42 e; G. TOUCHAIS, “Coarse Ware from the Middle Helladic Settlement of

Aspis, Argos: Local Production and Imports”, in MH Pottery & Synchronisms, p. 93-95.59. Th. PAPADOPOULOS (supra, n. 7), p. 65, fig. 50 a, b, c; L. PAPAZOGLOU-MANIOUDAKI (supra, n. 30), p. 437.60. G. TOUCHAIS, “Argos à l’époque mésohelladique: un habitat ou des habitats?”, in Argos et l’Argolide, p. 71-72;

PHILIPPA-TOUCHAIS, Céramique Aspis I, p. 39-40.61. Alt-Ägina IV.3, p. 83-122.


at Aigion is contemporary with those at Korakou or Midea and it precedes the estab-lishment of some other settlements in the Bronze Age Peloponnese, such as Zygouries andTsoungiza, whose fortunes are linked with the parallel rise to power of Mycenae at theend of Middle Helladic and the beginning of LH I times.62

Built during the LH I period was the rectangular building at 8 Polychroniadou Street. Itcontinued in use into LH IIA times. During this period (LH IIA), Mycenaean pottery wasimported in greater quantities. There are fragments of Palace-style pottery and Minoanconical cups, while pottery in the Middle Helladic tradition is still made, as in the settle-ments of Argolis and Corinthia.63 Aigion continues to thrive during the Mycenaean periodand in the Catalogue of Ships (Il. II, 573-575) it is connected with the settlements of theNortheastern Peloponnese.64

The results of this paper are necessarily preliminary in nature, since the study of the findsis still in progress and rescue excavation of the site is still continuing. It is important,however, that already an initial picture can be sketched of the prehistoric settlement atAigion.


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62. J. C. WRIGHT (supra, n. 35), p. 353-357, figs. 7, 8; J. B. RUTTER, “Corinth and Corinthia in the Second Mil-lennium B.C. Old Approaches, New Problems”, in C. K. WILLIAMS II, N. BOOKIDIS (eds.), Corinth XX:The Centenary 1896-1996 (2003), p. 78.

63. J. B. RUTTER, “A Group of Late Helladic IIA Pottery from Tsoungiza”, Hesperia 62 (1993), p. 87-90.64. C. MORGAN, Isthmia VIII: The Late Bronze Age Settlement and Early Iron Age Sanctuary (1999), p. 350.



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Fig. 1. – Aigion, 2 Aristeidou Str. Grey Minyan pottery.Fig. 2. – Black Burnished pottery.Fig. 3-5. – Matt-Painted pottery.Fig. 6. – Cist grave.

1

2

5 6

3 4



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7

Fig. 7. – Aigion, 8 Polychroniadou Str. LH I building.Fig. 8-11. – Matt-Painted pottery.

8

9

10 11



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Fig. 12. – Aeginetan Matt-Painted pottery.Fig. 13-14. – Polychrome Matt-Painted pottery.Fig. 15. – LH I Mycenaean pottery.Fig. 16. – Aigion, 2 Aristeidou Str. LH I Mycenaean pottery.Fig. 17. – Aigion, Palaiologou Str. Stemmed goblet with wishbone handles.

12

14 15

16 17

13



CONCLUSION

The major question at issue in this conference is: “Have we made progress in our knowledgeof mainland Greece during the Middle Bronze Age?” The answer is indisputably yes, evenif there remain many avenues for further research. Oliver Dickinson opened the conferenceby expressing his hope that we would learn much new about this phase of Greek prehistory,broaden our horizons, and ask new questions. The subsequent four days of papers rangedover many areas and themes and it is clear from listening to them that we have succeededin informing each other in ways that make for a much more nuanced understanding ofthis period than we had before we arrived.This progress has been made in three different respects. First is geographical. Regions whichhad been largely unknown and under-appreciated such as Elis, Achaia, Aetolia, Phthiotis-Lokris, Thessaly, and the Spercheios Valley, are now understood to be important and excitingareas for research. Important settlements which were not known in enough detail are muchclearer thanks to reports given here. For examples we can point to Thebes, Dimini andKirrha, among many others. Second is chronological. We are now at a point where, especiallythanks to the patient and careful work of all of our colleagues in the Archaeological Service,we can provide an archaeological definition of MH I and MH II, at least within restrictedregions ; and this is not limited to the study of ceramics but also leads to an emerging under-standing of the organization of settlement and to indications of the directions of interactionamong different regions. Third is thematic. Of the approximately 70 communications, lessthan a dozen focused on ceramics (although this subject was often recognized as a componentof other papers) and just slightly fewer focused on burials and funerary customs. Yet if the

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800_BCH Suppl. 52_Conclusion_BAT 12/9/10 6:33 PM Page1037

conference had taken place 10 or 15 years before, without doubt many more papers wouldhave addressed these themes, because at that time they monopolized our interests.This signifies, without any disrespect for these subjects, how scholarly interest has matured.Henceforth many other important subjects, such as lithics, architecture and settlement,economy, subsistence and modes of life, and social structure will drive our research.A number of presentations here have illustrated also the importance of attention to highlydetailed and scientific applications that have the potential to revise fundamentally our tra-ditional view of Middle Helladic societies. All these new and enlarged themes are owed toa transformation in the approaches Aegean archaeologists take to their fields of study, andwe can take pride that our international community cooperates not only in research butalso in training and that our host country of Greece continues to welcome new approachesand new ideas in the study of its past.The attention to the geographic spread of Middle Helladic cultures and the variety of inter-connections among different regions of Greece bears further comment. We are especiallygrateful to the participants for presenting much important new material, for bringing to lightold material that was insufficiently known, and for focusing on the interpretation of evidenceat many levels. As already noted, we have come to appreciate much better, thanks to thereports presented here, the vitality and viability of different regions. The papers have openedour eyes to settlement around the Saronic Gulf, throughout Attika, in Lokris and Thessaly,throughout the Corinthian Gulf and its opening to the West, in the southwesternPeloponnesos, in relationship to the Cycladic islands and those of the northeast Aegean, andof course in relation to Crete.Of special notice are the reports that show the strong relations among Thessaly, Lokris, andPhokis and their relationship to the Corinthian Gulf. Discussion of settlements along theCorinthian Gulf show how they are interconnected, thus emphasizing its important role asa corridor connecting the Saronic Region at the east with Western Greece. From there, fol-lowing on several reports, we are reminded that during the Middle Bronze Age knowledgeof the Adriatic and Tyrrhenian coasts was increased and even that the geography of theWestern Mediterranean was within the ken of these peoples. When we look eastwards intothe Aegean, several reports make clear the fundamental importance for mainlanders of con-nections to the islands, whether looking at local relations with the important offshore islandsof Aegina and Keos or the Cyclades, with their emerging gateway communities that con-trolled access to Crete.Also of interest is the role of Crete during this period. Several of the papers point to Cretaninterest in metals, not least a reason for Cretan interest in the northern and northeasternAegean as more advanced forms of copper and bronze metallurgy begin to take hold. Weneed continuously reassess the role of Crete at this time, since as the work at Kythera demon-strates, it is not as straightforward as models of Cretan “colonization” of the Aegean hadpreviously led scholars to believe.

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1038 CONCLUSION


The outstanding work of our colleagues in the Archaeological Service deserves further notice.Without their reports on new discoveries, their restudy of old material that commands ourattention, and their assessment of the details of stratigraphy, ceramic development, and evi-dence of interconnections, this conference would not have succeeded. What has been pro-vided to the conferees as a result of these reports is nothing less than a rewriting of theMiddle Helladic as a cultural period. In connection with this work, the many papers whichreevaluated different aspects of Middle Helladic culture and its social practices, provide uswith a picture of a culture that is distinctly Middle Helladic, yet remains one without a strongcenter. In this regard the mosaic of regional and local forms that come into view is especiallytantalizing as a picture of what we know was to come in the Late Bronze Age. Middle HelladicGreece is not merely an appendage of Early Helladic nor only a prelude to the Mycenaeans.It was a vigorous and dynamic interregional cultural phenomenon that established socialand economic relations in a fashion that was different from the small centralized politiesof the Early Bronze Age. At a time when new connections were forged and older onesreestablished, it was a new beginning, but hardly the one of stagnant cultural practices andan immobilized and impoverished population that most of us have been taught. There aremany lessons for us to draw from the proceedings and we hope that they will bring to awider public the interest and excitement shown by the participants at the conference.

The editors

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CONCLUSION 1039



TABLE DES MATIÈRES

Préface, par Dominique MULLIEZ, Directeur de l’EFA, ............................................................................................................................................................................... 1Stephen V. TRACY, Directeur de l’ASCSA et ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 2Gert Jan VAN WIJNGARTEN, Directeur du NIA ................................................................................................................................................................................ 2

Introduction ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 3Liste des abréviations ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 7

Conférence inaugurale, par Oliver DICKINSON : The “Third World” of the Aegean? Middle Helladic GreeceRevisited ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 13

I. ΤOPOGRAPHIE ET HABITAT

Katie DEMAKOPOULOU and Nicoletta DIVARI-VALAKOU, The Middle Helladic Settlement on the Acropolisof Midea ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 31-44

Άλκηστη ΠΑΠΑΔΗΜΗΤΡΙΟΥ, Οι ανασκαφές στο Νοσοκομείο του Άργους ................................................................................. 45-56

Kim SHELTON, Living and Dying in and around Middle Helladic Mycenae ................................................................................................ 57-65

Eleni KONSOLAKI-YIANNOPOULOU, The Middle Helladic Establishment at Megali Magoula, Galatas(Troezenia) .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 67-76

Joost CROUWEL, Middle Helladic Occupation at Geraki, Laconia ....................................................................................................................................... 77-86

Eλένη ZΑΒΒΟΎ, Eυρήματα της μεσοελλαδικής και της πρώιμης μυκηναϊκής εποχής από τηΣπάρτη και τη Λακωνία ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 87-99

Jack L. DAVIS and Sharon R. STOCKER, Early Helladic and Middle Helladic Pylos : The PetropoulosTrenches and Pre-Mycenaean Remains on the Englianos Ridge ...................................................................................................................................... 101-106

Jörg RAMBACH, Πρόσφατες έρευνες σε μεσοελλαδικές θέσεις της δυτικής Πελοποννήσου ..................... 107-119Søren DIETZ and Maria STAVROPOULOU-GATSI, Pagona and the Transition from Middle Helladic to Myce-naean in Northwestern Peloponnese ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 121-128

Lena PAPAZOGLOU-MANIOUDAKI, The Middle Helladic and Late Helladic I Periods at Aigion in Achaia ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 129-141

Eva ALRAM-STERN, Aigeira and the Beginning of the Middle Helladic Period in Achaia .......................................... 143-150

Michaela ZAVADIL, The Peloponnese in the Middle Bronze Age : An Overview ......................................................................... 151-163

Walter GAUSS and Rudolfine SMETANA, Aegina Kolonna in the Middle Bronze Age ..................................................... 165-174

Naya SGOURITSA, Lazarides on Aegina: Another Prehistoric Site (poster) .......................................................................................... 175-180

Γιάννος Γ. ΛΩΛΟΣ, Σκλάβος: ένα μεσοελλαδικό ορόσημο στη νότια ακτή της Σαλαμίνος(αναρτημένη ανακοίνωση) ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 181-185

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Γιάννα ΒΕΝΙΕΡΗ, Νέα στοιχεία για την κατοίκηση στη νότια πλευρά της Ακρόπολης των Αθηνών κατάτη μεσοελλαδική περίοδο: ευρήματα από την ανασκαφήστο οικόπεδο Μακρυγιάννη ............................ 187-198

Όλγα ΚΑΚΑΒΟΓΙΑΝΝΗ και Κερασία ΝΤΟΥΝΗ, Η μεσοελλαδική εποχή στη νοτιοανατολικήΑττική .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 199-210

Konstantinos KALOGEROPOULOS, Middle Helladic Human Activity in Eastern Attica: The Case of Brauron .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 211-221

Jeannette FORSÉN, Aphidna in Attica Revisited ............................................................................................................................................................................................... 223-234

† Μαρία ΟΙΚΟΝΟΜΑΚΟΥ, Μεσοελλαδικές θέσεις στη Λαυρεωτική και τη νοτιοανατολική Αττική(αναρτημένη ανακοίνωση) ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 235-242

Nikolas PAPADIMITRIOU, Attica in the Middle Helladic Period ......................................................................................................................................... 243-257

Φωτεινή ΣΑΡΑΝΤΗ, Νέοι οικισμοί της Μέσης Εποχής του Χαλκού στην επαρχία Ναυπακτίας(αναρτημένη ανακοίνωση) ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 259-267

Sylvie MÜLLER CELKA, L’occupation d’Érétrie (Eubée) à l’Helladique Moyen (poster) ........................................... 269-279

Λιάνα ΠΑΡΛΑΜΑ, Mαρία ΘΕΟΧΑΡΗ, Σταμάτης ΜΠΟΝΑΤΣΟΣ, Xριστίνα PΩΜΑΝΟΥ και Γιάννης MΑΝΟΣ,Παλαμάρι Σκύρου: η πόλη της Mέσης Xαλκοκρατίας (αναρτημένη ανακοίνωση) .............................. 281-289

Anthi BATZIOU-EFSTATHIOU, Kastraki, a New Bronze Age Settlement in Achaea Phthiotis ............................... 291-300

Βασιλική ΑΔΡΥΜΗ-ΣΙΣΜΑΝΗ, Το Διμήνι στη Μέση Εποχή Χαλκού ....................................................................................................... 301-313

Λεωνίδας Π. ΧΑΤΖΗΑΓΓΕΛΑΚΗΣ, Νεότερα ανασκαφικά δεδομένα της Μέσης Εποχής Χαλκού στοΝομό Καρδίτσας ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 315-329

II. PRATIQUES FUNÉRAIRES ET ANTHROPOLOGIE PHYSIQUE

Anna LAGIA and William CAVANAGH, Burials from Kouphovouno, Sparta, Lakonia ...................................................... 333-346

Eleni MILKA, Burials upon the Ruins of Abandoned Houses in the Middle Helladic Argolid ......................... 347-355

Ελένη ΠΑΛΑΙΟΛΟΓΟΥ, Μεσοελλαδικοί τάφοι από τη Μιδέα .................................................................................................................................. 357-365

Olivier PELON, Les tombes à fosse de Mycènes : rupture ou continuité ? ................................................................................................. 367-376

Vassilis ARAVANTINOS and Kyriaki PSARAKI, The Middle Helladic Cemeteries of Thebes. General Reviewand Remarks in the Light of New Investigations and Finds ................................................................................................................................................... 377-395

Laetitia PHIALON, Funerary Practices in Central Greece from the Middle Helladic into the Early MycenaeanPeriod (poster) ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 397-402

Vassilis P. PETRAKIS, Diversity in Form and Practice in Middle Helladic and Early Mycenaean ElaborateTombs: An Approach to Changing Prestige Expression in Changing Times ........................................................................................ 403-416

Maia POMADÈRE, De l’indifférenciation à la discrimination spatiale des sépultures ? Variété des comportementsà l’égard des enfants morts pendant l’HM-HR I ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 417-429

Florian RUPPENSTEIN, Gender and Regional Differences in Middle Helladic Burial Customs.............................. 431-439

Sevi TRIANTAPHYLLOU, Prospects for Reconstructing the Lives of Middle Helladic Populations in the Argolid:Past and Present of Human Bone Studies ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 441-451

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Abi BOUWMAN, Keri BROWN and John PRAG, Middle Helladic Kinship : Families, Faces and DNA atMycenae .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 453-459

Robert ARNOTT and Antonia MORGAN-FORSTER, Health and Disease in Middle Helladic Greece ....... 461-470

Anne INGVARSSON-SUNDSTRÖM, Tooth Counts and Individuals: Health Status in the East Cemetery andBarbouna at Asine as Interpreted from Teeth (poster) ........................................................................................................................................................................ 471-477

Fabian KANZ, Karl GROSSSCHMIDT and Jan KIESSLICH, Subsistence and more in Middle Bronze Age AeginaKolonna : An Anthropology of Newborn Children (poster) ................................................................................................................................................. 479-487

Leda KOVATSI, Dimitra NIKOU, Sofia KOUIDOU-ANDREOU, Sevi TRIANTAPHYLLOU, Carol ZERNER and SofiaVOUTSAKI, Ancient DNA Analysis of Human Remains from Middle Helladic Lerna (poster) ....................... 489-494

III. UNIVERS SYMBOLIQUE ET RITUEL

Evyenia YIANNOULI, Middle Helladic between Minoan and Mycenaean: On the Symbolic Meaning of Offen-sive Instruments ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 497-507

Fritz BLAKOLMER, The Iconography of the Shaft Grave Period as Evidence for a Middle Helladic Traditionof Figurative Arts? ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 509-519

Anthi THEODOROU-MAVROMMATIDI, Defining Ritual Action. A Middle Helladic Pit at the Site of ApolloMaleatas in Epidauros .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 521-533

Helène WHITTAKER, Some Thoughts on Middle Helladic Religious Beliefs and Ritual and their Significancein Relation to Social Structure ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 535-543

Alexandra TRANTA-NIKOLI, Elements of Middle Helladic Religious Tradition and their Survival in Myce-naean Religion (poster) ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 545-548

IV. CÉRAMIQUE ET CHRONOLOGIE

Michael B. COSMOPOULOS, The Middle Helladic Stratigraphy of Eleusis .................................................................................................... 551-556

Αικατερίνη ΣΤΑΜΟΥΔH, Η μεσοελλαδική κατοίκηση στο Κάστρο Λαμίας. Κεραμεικές ακολουθίεςκαι ιδιαιτερότητες στην κοιλάδα του Σπερχειού ....................................................................................................................................................................... 557-571

Fanouria DAKORONIA, Delphi-Kirrha-Pefkakia via Spercheios Valley : Matt-Painted Pottery as Sign of Inter-communication ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 573-581

Μαρία-Φωτεινή ΠΑΠΑΚΩΝΣΤΑΝΤΙΝΟΥ και Δημήτρης Ν. ΣΑΚΚΑΣ, Μεσοελλαδική κεραμική από τοΑμούρι στην κοιλάδα του Σπερχειού (αναρτημένη ανακοίνωση) ...................................................................................................... 583-590

Ελένη ΦΡΟΥΣΣΟΥ, Η μετάβαση από τη Μέση στην Ύστερη Εποχή Χαλκού στο Νέο ΜοναστήριΦθιώτιδας (αναρτημένη ανακοίνωση) ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 591-601

Kalliope SARRI, Minyan and Minyanizing Pottery. Myth and Reality about a Middle Helladic Type Fossil ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 603-613

John C. OVERBECK, The Middle Helladic Origin of “Shaft-Grave Polychrome” Ware ..................................................... 615-619

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Iro MATHIOUDAKI, “Mainland Polychrome” Pottery : Definition, Chronology, Typological Correlations ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 621-633

Walter GAUSS, Aegina Kolonna. Pottery Classification and Research Database (poster) .......................................... 635-640

Sofia VOUTSAKI, Albert NIJBOER and Carol ZERNER, Radiocarbon Analysis and Middle Helladic Lerna (poster) ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 641-647

V. PRODUCTION, TECHNOLOGIE ET ÉCONOMIE

Δέσποινα ΣΚΟΡΔΑ, Κίρρα: οι κεραμεικοί κλίβανοι του προϊστορικού οικισμού στη μετάβαση απότη μεσοελλαδική στην υστεροελλαδική εποχή .............................................................................................................................................................................. 651-668

Lindsay SPENCER, The Regional Specialisation of Ceramic Production in the EH III through MH II Period ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 669-681

Evangelia KIRIATZI, “Minoanising” Pottery Traditions in the Southwest Aegean during the Middle BronzeAge: Understanding the Social Context of Technological and Consumption Practice .......................................................... 683-699

Maria KAYAFA, Middle Helladic Metallurgy and Metalworking : Review of the Archaeological and Archaeo-metric Evidence from the Peloponnese ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 701-711

Ιωάννης Δ. ΦΑΠΠΑΣ, Από τη Μέση στην Ύστερη Εποχή Χαλκού: μια οικοτεχνική δραστηριότηταστον Βοιωτικό Ορχομενό .......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 713-719

Armelle GARDEISEN, Approche comparative de contextes du Bronze Moyen égéen à travers les données del’archéozoologie ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 721-732

Gerhard FORSTENPOINTNER, Alfred GALIK, Gerald E. WEISSENGRUBER, Stefan ZOHMANN,Ursula THANHEISER and Walter GAUSS, Subsistence and more in Middle Bronze Age Aegina Kolonna :Patterns of Husbandry, Hunting and Agriculture .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 733-742

Alfred GALIK, Stefan ZOHMANN, Gerhard FORSTENPOINTNER, Gerald WEISSENGRUBER and Walter GAUSS,Subsistence and more in Middle Bronze Age Aegina Kolonna : Exploitation of Marine Resources (poster) ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 743-751

VI. ORGANISATION ET ÉVOLUTION SOCIALES

John BINTLIFF, The Middle Bronze Age through the Surface Survey Record of the Greek Mainland: Demo-graphic and Sociopolitical Insights ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 755-763

Sofia VOUTSAKI, The Domestic Economy in Middle Helladic Asine ........................................................................................................................ 765-779

Anna PHILIPPA-TOUCHAIS, Settlement Planning and Social Organisation in Middle Helladic Greece .......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 781-801

James C. WRIGHT, Towards a Social Archaeology of Middle Helladic Greece ....................................................................................... 803-815

Louise A. HITCHCOCK and Anne P. CHAPIN, Lacuna in Laconia : Why were there no Middle HelladicPalaces ? (poster) ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 817-822

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VII. RELATIONS EXTÉRIEURES ET INTERACTION

Peggy SOTIRAKOPOULOU, The Cycladic Middle Bronze Age : A “Dark Age” in Aegean Prehistory or a DarkSpot in Archaeological Research ? ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 825-839

Donna May CREGO, Ayia Irini IV: A Distribution Center for the Middle Helladic World ?(poster) ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 841-845

Gerald CADOGAN and Katerina KOPAKA, Coping with the Offshore Giant: Middle Helladic Interactions withMiddle Minoan Crete ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 847-858

Luca GIRELLA, MH III and MM III : Ceramic Synchronisms in the Transition to the Late Bronze Age .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 859-873

Aleydis VAN DE MOORTEL, Interconnections between the Western Mesara and the Aegean in the MiddleBronze Age .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 875-884

Tomáš ALUŠÍK, Middle Helladic and Middle Minoan Defensive Architecture: A Comparison(poster) .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 885-889

Christos BOULOTIS, Koukonisi (Lemnos), un site portuaire florissant du Bronze Moyen et du début du BronzeRécent dans le Nord de l’Égée .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 891-907

Vassilis P. PETRAKIS and Panagiotis MOUTZOURIDIS, Grey Ware(s) from the Bronze Age Settlement ofKoukonisi on Lemnos : First Presentation (poster) ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 909-917

Massimo CULTRARO, In Death not Separated. Evidence of Middle Bronze Age Intramural Burials at Poliochnion Lemnos ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 919-930

Peter PAVÚK, Minyan or not? The Second Millennium Grey Ware in Western Anatolia and its Relation toMainland Greece ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 931-943

Ιωάννης ΑΣΛΑΝΗΣ, Στοιχεία αρχιτεκτονικής από τη μεσοχαλκή Μακεδονία: τα δεδομένα από τονΆγιο Μάμα Νέας Ολύνθου ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 945-953

Χριστίνα ΖΙΩΤΑ, Η δυτική Μακεδονία στην ύστερη τρίτη και στις αρχές της δεύτερηςχιλιετίας π.Χ. Οι ταφικές πρακτικές και οι κοινωνικές τους διαστάσεις ............................................................................. 955-967

Sevi TRIANTAPHYLLOU, Aspects of Life Histories from the Bronze Age Cemetery at Xeropigado Koiladas,Western Macedonia (poster) ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 969-974

Aikaterini PAPANTHIMOU, †Angeliki PILALI and Evanthia PAPADOPOULOU, Archontiko Yiannitson: A Set-tlement in Macedonia during the Late Third and Early Second Millennium B.C. (poster) .................................... 975-980

Λιάνα ΣΤΕΦΑΝΗ και Νίκος ΜΕΡΟΥΣΗΣ, Αναζητώντας τη Μέση Εποχή του Χαλκού στη Μακεδονία.Παλιές και νέες έρευνες στην Ημαθία (αναρτημένη ανακοίνωση) ............................................................................................. 981-986

Ευτυχία ΠΟΥΛΑΚΗ-ΠΑΝΤΕΡΜΑΛΗ, Ελένη ΚΛΙΝΑΚΗ, Σοφία ΚΟΥΛΙΔΟΥ, Ευτέρπη ΠΑΠΑΔΟΠΟΥΛΟΥ καιΑναστάσιος ΣΥΡΟΣ, Η Μέση και η αρχή της Ύστερης Εποχής Χαλκού στην περιοχή τουΜακεδονικού Ολύμπου (αναρτημένη ανακοίνωση) .............................................................................................................................................................. 987-993

Kyriaki PSARAKI and Stelios ANDREOU, Regional Processes and Interregional Interactions in NorthernGreece during the Early Second Millennium B.C. (poster) ................................................................................................................................................ 995-1003

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Rozalia CHRISTIDOU, Middle Bronze Age Bone Tools from Sovjan, Southeastern Albania(poster) ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 1005-1012

Γαρυφαλιά ΜΕΤΑΛΛΗΝΟΥ, Η Μέση Χαλκοκρατία στα άκρα: η περίπτωση της Κέρκυρας ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 1013-1023

Christina MERKOURI, MH III/LH I Pottery from Vivara (Gulf of Naples, Italy). A Contribution to theUnderstanding of an Enigmatic Period .......................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 1025-1036

Conclusion ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 1037-1039

Tables des matières .......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 1041-1046

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