THE LOGARITHMIC FUNCTION WITH BASE bis the function y= log b xbis no!"#ll$ # nu"%e! g!e#te! th#n & '#lthough it nee( onl$ %e g!e#te! t h#n ) #n( not e*u#l t o &+The function is (e,ne( fo! #ll x- )He!e is its g!#.h fo! #n$ %#se bNote the follo/ing0 1 Fo! #n$ %#se2 the x3inte!ce.t is &Wh$4 To see the answer, pass your mouse over the colored area. To cover the answer again, click "Refresh" ("Reload"). The logarithm of 1is 0. y= logb1 = 0. 1 The g!# .h .#sse s th!o ugh the .oint ' b2 &+Wh$4 The logarithm of the base is 1. logbb= 1. 1 The g!#.h is %elo/ the x3#5is 33 the log#!ith" is neg#ti6e 33 fo!
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THE LOGARITHMIC FUNCTION WITH BASE b is thefunction
y = logb x
b is no!"#ll$ # nu"%e! g!e#te! th#n & '#lthough it nee(onl$ %e g!e#te! th#n ) #n( not e*u#l to &+ The function is(e,ne( fo! #ll x - ) He!e is its g!#.h fo! #n$ %#se b
Note the follo/ing0
1 Fo! #n$ %#se2 the x3inte!ce.t is & Wh$4To see the answer, pass your mouse over thecolored area.To cover the answer again, click "Refresh"("Reload").
The logarithm of 1 is 0. y = logb1= 0.
1 The g!#.h .#sses th!ough the .oint 'b2 &+ Wh$4
The logarithm of the base is 1. logbb = 1.
1The g!#.h is %elo/ the x3#5is 33 the log#!ith" isneg#ti6e 33 fo!
As /ith #ll .#i!s of in6e!se functions2 thei! g!#.hs#!e s$""et!ic#l /ith !es.ect to the line y = x 'See To.ic&@+
Problem &. E6#lu#te ln e#!ccos '8&+
ln earccos #−1$ = arccos #−1$ = +.
,The angle hose cosine is −1
is +.,
See To.ic &@ of T!igono"et!$
Exponential and logarithmic equations
Example . Sol6e this e*u#tion fo! x 0
x > & = <
olution To !ele#se x > & f!o" the e5.onent2 t#:e thein6e!se function 33 the log#!ith" /ith %#se 33 of %othsi(es E*ui6#lentl$2 /!ite the log#!ith"ic fo!" 'To.ic <)+
Problem /. Sol6e fo! x The solution "#$ %e e5.!esse(#s # log#!ith"
&)x 8 & = <<x > &
log 103 x − 1 = log x ( 1
3 x − 1 = # x ( 1$ log
3 x − 1 = x log ( log
3 x − x log = 1 ( log
x #3 − log $ = 1 ( log
x =1 ( log 3 − log
Problem . Sol6e fo! x 0
esin x = &
ln esin x = ln 1
sin x = 0
x is the radian angle hose sine is 0
x = 0.
Example ). Sol6e fo! x0
log'<x > + = olution. To f!ee the #!gu"ent of the log#!ith"2 t#:ethe in6e!se function 33 x 33 of %oth si(es Th#t is2 let e#chsi(e %e the e5.onent /ith %#se E*ui6#lentl$2 /!itethe e5.onenti#l fo!"