The Lithosphere Ms. Woodard. Day 1 Objective: Objective: – I can explain how the Earth is structured – I can explain how the material of earth is changed.

The LithosphereMs. Woodard

Day 1

• Objective:Objective:–I can explain how the Earth is

structured

–I can explain how the material of earth is changed

Layers of the Earth

• Defined by composition

• 3 Major Zones–___________

–___________

–___________

The Crust

• Thin, rocky outer layer

• Either ________ or ________________– Oceanic is 7-km

thick

– Continental is 8-75 km thick

The Mantle

• 82% of Earth’s volume

• 2890-km thick

• _________________________________________

• __________________________________

The Core

• Composed of an _______________

• Extreme ________ found at the ______

Layers Based on Physical Properties

• ______________– Crust and upper-most

mantle

– ________________

– 100-km thick

• _______________– Below the Lithosphere

– Soft, comparatively weak layer

– ___________________

• Outer Core– ___________

– 2260-km thick

– ___________ flow creates Earth’s magnetic field

• Inner Core– _____________

– Radius of 1220-km

– High ____________

– High ____________

–Mostly __________

What is a ROCK?

• Solid mass of ________ or mineral matter that naturally occurs as part of our planet

• Three types– _______________

– _______________

– _______________

Types of Rocks• ________________– Forms when lava or

magma cools

• ________________–When existing rocks are

broken down into pieces then compacted and cemented together

• ________________–When existing rocks are

changed by heat and pressure

What is the ROCK CYCLE?

• Origin of the three basic rocks and interrelatedness of Earth’s materials and processes

Rock Cycle

DAY 2

• Objective:Objective:–I can explain about the theory of plate

tectonics

–I can describe plate interactions

What is Continental Drift?

• Proposed by_______ ___________

• Stated that the continents had once been joined to form a _________________

• Supercontinent was called __________

What did the Theory Say?

• Occurred ________ years ago

• Pangaea broke apart ___________ years ago

• Continents “_______” (moved) to present positions

• Continents “_______” through the oceans

• North America and Africa split __________years ago

Evidence of Continental

Drift

• __________ look like they fit together

• Same fossil organisms found on __________ _____________

• Several __________ end at one coastline, only to reappear on a land mass across the ocean

• Ancient Climates relate

The Theory of Plate Tectonics

• Earth’s outer shell consists of ________ ______

• Plates interact in various ways when they move

Plate Boundary Activities

• _____________

• _____________

• _____________

• _____________

Earth’s Major Plates

• Top 7– African

– Antarctic

– Eurasian

– Australian-Indian

– North American

– Pacific

– Southern American

• Other Plates– Arabian

– Caribbean

– Cocos

– Nazca

– Phillippine

– Scotia

DAY 3• ObjectiveObjective–I can explain how the plates

interact with each other

Types of Plate Boundaries

• ________ Boundary

• ________ Boundary

• ______________ Boundary

Divergent Plate Boundary• When two plates _____

_________

• Also called spreading centers

• New crust is created (mainly seafloor)– Known as ______

_______ __________

• Causes ___________ and __________ (on continents)

Convergent Plate Boundary

• Two places move towards each other

• 3 versions– __________________

– __________________

– __________________

Oceanic-Continental Convergent Boundary

• ____________goes beneath the ________________

• Causes– __________ zones

– Trenches

– Continental Volcanic arcs (ex: The Andes)

Vocabulary

• ____________ – sites of high rates of volcanism, earthquakes, and mountain building

• ____________- chain of volcanoes positioned in an arc shape

Continental-Continental Convergent Boundary

• Two plates ___________ plates collide

• Causes Mountains to forms–Ex: Appalachians,

Himalayas, Alps

Oceanic-Oceanic Convergent Boundary

• One _________ plate goes beneath another _________ plate

• Causes Volcanic Island Arc–Ex: Aleutian Islands

Transform Fault Plate Boundary

• Two plates _____ past each other

• No __________ or _____________of lithosphere

• Causes Earthquakes–Ex: San Francisco

DAY 4• Objective:Objective:–I can explain how faults differ

–I can explain the relation between boundaries and plate tectonics

What Causes Plate Movement?

• _______________–The circulation of

magma that pushes & pulls plates

• Driving Force is _________

What is a Fault?

• ________ in Earth where movement has taken place

• Most times near Plate Boundaries

Parts of a Fault

• _____________–Rock above the

fault line

• ____________–Rock below the

fault line

What are the types of Faults?

• ________

• ________

• ________

• ________

Types of Faults• _____________– Occurs when the

hanging wall block moves down relative to the footwall block

• _______________– Occurs when the

hanging wall block moves up relative to the footwall block

• ______________– A reverse fault with

dips of less than 45 degrees

• ________________–Movement is

horizontal and parallel trend of the fault surface

Evidence of Plate Tectonics

1. ______________– Most persuasive

evidence

– Ancient magnetism found in the rocks

– Records show a shift in the poles

2. _________________– Connection between

deep-focus earthquakes and ocean trenches

3. _______________– Young rocks are

near ocean ridge crest

– Oldest rocks are near the continental margins

4. ________________– A concentration of

heat in the mantle capable of producing magma, which rises to Earth’s surface

– Supports that the plates move over Earth’s surface

– Ex: Hawaiian Island Chain