The Jefferson Era- Section 1
The Jefferson Era- Section 1
The Election of 1800
Jefferson Charts a New Course for the
Government
• Limits the power of the federal government
– Reduced military spending and size of the military
– Repealed all federal internal taxes
• Money would come from tariffs and the sale of western • Money would come from tariffs and the sale of western
lands
– Reduced the number of federal employees
– No government interference in the economy
– Allowed Alien and Sedition Acts to expire
Jefferson-New course for government
• Pay off the national debt
• Ease party disputes
– Kept Federalists if loyal and did their job
Judiciary Act of 1801 benefits the
Federalists
• Set up 16 regional courts
– 100s of court officials all who were Federalists
• Appointed Federalist John Marshall to Chief Justice of the Supreme CourtJustice of the Supreme Court
• Appointed 100s of judges and court officials to federal courts, all who were Federalists
• Jefferson wasn’t allowed to appoint any Supreme Court justices
• Federalists controlled the federal court system
Midnight Judges
Powers of the Supreme Court expand
under John Marshall
• Marbury vs. Madison- 1803– Constitution is supreme law
– Must follow Constitution when in conflict with another law
– Judicial branch must uphold the Constitution and nullify unconstitutional laws
• McColloch vs. Maryland-1819• McColloch vs. Maryland-1819– Congress is allowed to do more than the Constitution
expressly authorizes it to do
• Gibbons vs. Ogden-1824– Federal law takes precedence over state law in interstate
trade matters
The Louisiana Purchase- Section 2
Importance of the Louisiana Purchase
and Exploration of the territory
Purchase
• Expanded the size of the U.S., almost doubled in size
• New source of income
• Kept Napoleon Bonaparte
Exploration
• Discovered new water routes
• Charted and mapped the land
• Kept Napoleon Bonaparte out of the Americas
• U.S. gained control of the Mississippi river and port of New Orleans
• Inspired westward expansion
land
• Discovered new wildlife and plants
• Established friendly relationships with Native Americans in the West
• Found sites for future forts
Events that led to the United States
acquiring the Louisiana Purchase
• Spain stops Mississippi trade at New Orleans
• Secret treaty between France and Spain
• U.S. fears Napoleon will expand empire
• U.S. resolutions to prepare to fight for New Orleans or buy New Orleans for 10 million dollarsbuy New Orleans for 10 million dollars
• Rebellion in Saint Domingue(Haiti)no base for new empire
• France needs money- renewed war with Great Britain
• James Monroe and Robert Livingston purchase the whole territory for 3 1/2 cents per acre
A Time of Conflict- Section 3
Jefferson responds to threats to the
security of the nation
• Attacks
– Attacked Native Americans who were attacking
western settlers
– Barbary pirates
– Refused to pay tribute
• Embargo act- in response to impressments of sailors and seizing of American ships
– Stopped all American trade with foreign nations
– Hurt American businesses and shippers
War of 1812- Section 4
Causes and Effects of the War of 1812
Causes
• British arming Native
Americans in the west
• Impressment of sailors
Effects
• Patriotism- national pride
• Native American alliance
weakened
• Seizing American ships
• Blockade of U.S. ports
• War Hawks
• Growth of American
industry
• Stability- unified nation
• U.S. showed they could
defend their borders