Jefferson Era

Jefferson EraUnit 3.3

Revolution of 1800• Election of 1800• Jefferson reverses the 1796 results and wins• Democratic-Republicans also take over Senate and House• Burr electoral problems lead to 12th Amendment• Federalist party would still be strong in New England

Judicial Problems• Judiciary Act of 1801 – Federalists lowered the number of

Supreme Court Justices, but increased number of Federal judges• Led to “midnight appointments” before D-R’s took power

• Marbury v. Madison (1803) – issue was midnight appointments• John Marshall – Chief Justice (Federalist)• Judicial Review ruling – Supreme Court can deem a law

unconstitutional

More Politics• Impeachment of Justice Samuel Chase• Impeachment charges – from House of Representatives• Trial done in the Senate

• Done for political reasons since he was a Federalist, but acquitted of any wrongdoing

• Precedent set that Impeachment was not to be used for getting rid of someone just because of different politics

Westward Expansion

• “Old Northwest”• Today’s Midwest

• “Old Southwest”• Today’s southeast

• Motives for moving?• Problems?• Battle of Tippecanoe• William Henry Harrison• Tecumseh (and the

Prophet)• Later Battle of Thames• Curse?

• 1840• 1860• 1880• 1900• 1920• 1940• 1960• 1980• 2000

Jefferson’s Foreign Policy• Basically wanted to try to stay neutral, but couldn’t.• Tried to decrease the size of the military.

Pirates Ahoy – Tripolitian War• From 1801-1805, Jefferson sent ships to unofficial war on the

North African Coast• Used Jeffs (smaller, cheaper boats)• Fought the Barbary Pirates• Pirates were demanding “tribute” to cross• “…to the shores of Tripoli.”

Haitian Rebellion• Haiti fought to break away from France• Both and independence movement and a slave Rebellion• Led by Toussaint L’Ouverture• Effects on United States• Tougher Slave Codes• Napoleon would wonder if land in Americas was worth it.

Louisiana Purchase• New Orleans no longer controlled by Spain, so Pinckney’s

Treaty becomes void.• Jefferson sends representative to try to buy New Orleans• Bought Louisiana for $15 million• Why did Napoleon sell it to the U.S.?

Jefferson’s Dilemma• Wanted it because he

saw it as a chance to expand America into his dream of an agricultural nation of small farmers.

• He was a strict constructionist.• Is there anything in the

Constitution about the President buying land?• How does he justify it?

Exploration• Zebulon Pike• Explored SW

• Lewis and Clark• Meriwether Lewis• William Clark• Sacajawea• 1804-1806• (What about York the

manservant?)

France – Britain problems• Guess what? – France and Britain are fighting another war.• Both regular seized ships and cargo of neutral ships.• France: Berlin and Milan Decrees• Britain: Orders of Council

• Impressment – forcing American sailors to serve in British navy• Chesapeake-Leopard Affair (1807) – off coast of Virginia and

almost led to war. TJ resorted to diplomacy and an embargo.

Embargo• In 1807, Jefferson persuaded Congress to pass the Embargo Act of

1807.• Also passed the Force Act which said the federal gov’t would

enforce the law.• Embargo backfired as it caused more hardship to New England

states than to Britain.• Embargo repealed and replaced with Non-Intercourse Act which said they

could trade with all but Britain and France.• Later Macon’s Bill allowed trade if Britain and France w/drew restrictions

Secession?• After the Embargo Act, some New England states spoke of

breaking away and forming their own confederation.• Essex Junto• What would this be a step towards?

Virginia Dynasty• Nickname given to the group of President from beginning of

our Country.• 4 of the first 5 Presidents• 32 of the first 36 years.• (1) Washington, (3) Jefferson, (4) Madison, (5) Monroe

Reflection Questions• What did the case Marbury v. Madison do and why is that

important?• How did Jefferson differ from his stance of a small federal

government and strict constructionism with the Purchase of Louisiana and the Embargo Act?

• How did the Louisiana Purchase happen and why was it great for the United States?

• In what ways did Jefferson listen to Washington about staying Neutral and in what ways did he not?

Links• http://

www.youtube.com/watch?v=RVnJuYEz-WI&list=UUZYs757tACChkS-vjS1m66Q&index=57&feature=plcp – review video

• http://www.safeshare.tv/v/KYgo-ISnJ4w - President’s song• http://

www.youtube.com/watch?v=KaPRnsgFxOU&feature=related – Adams Jefferson “campaign ad”

• http://www.ourdocuments.gov/doc.php?doc=18 – Louisiana Purchase