The Industrial Revolution 1700-1900
The Industrial Revolution1700-1900
Setting the Scene
In the 1700s, small farms covered most of England. Wealthy landowners were
buying all the small farms. They could make many improvements in farming
techniques with their money, but many people were left without jobs.
This is known as the “agricultural revolution”
Setting the Scene Technology was
changing how goods were made
Small-scale production by hand at home large-scale production by machine in a factory
Industrialization – switch to machine production of goods
ActivityRead the article “Before the Industrial
Revolution”Answer the 10 “Challenges” questionsBe prepared to be called on randomly!
Why Did it Begin in England?
1. Large population
2. Natural resources
3. Expanding economy
4. Political stability
ActivityRead the article “Great Britain: First to
Industrialize”Using this information, answer the two
questions on the back on a separate sheet of paper These will be collected so make sure to put
your name on your answer sheet!
Factors of Production: Land
1. Water power & coal = fuel for machines
2. Iron ore = construct machines, tools, and buildings
3. Rivers = inland transportation
4. Harbors = shipping
Factors of Production: Labor
1. Unemployed farmers needed new jobs
2. People were willing to move to cities to work in factories
Factors of Production: Capital
1. Capital = wealth
2. Business people wanted to invest money
3. Banks gave out loans to businesses
Textiles Change First
Cottage industry: people created goods by hand in their own homes
Making cloth had been a cottage industry
With new technology, cloth is made faster and cheaper in factories
Activity: The Textile IndustryRead the article and answer the
accompanying questionsBe prepared to randomly be called on!
Activity: The Life of a Textile WorkerRead the two personal accounts of life
as a textile workerAnswer the four questions on the
bottom
Improvements in Transportation James Watt’s Steam
Engine Cheap, convenient
power
Water Transportation Steamboats Canal systems
Road Transportation Large rocks on bottom
and small on top – helped drain water
Railroads Revolutionize Life
1. Cheaper way to transport goods
2. Created jobs for railroad workers and miners
3. Made travel easier – people could travel for work
Steam Engine
Comparing Viewpoints Activity In this activity, you will read two different
viewpoints on the impact that industrialization had on society
On a separate sheet of paper, answer the three questions on the bottom
Urban Growth Urbanization: the building of cities and the
movement of people to cities
1850: Population Living in Cities
Activity: Why England? In this activity, we will be analyzing a
number of sources to answer the question “Why did the Industrial Revolution begin in England”
For each of the sources, there is an accompanying question. Read through each and answer the question.
Living Conditions in Cities
1. Not enough housing, schools, or police
2. Streets had no drains, garbage piled up
3. Whole families lived in dark, dirty one room “apartments”
4. Disease was widespread
Working Conditions 14 hour work days,
6 days a week Dirty, poorly lit
factories led to injuries
Children as young as 6 work in factories
Many coal miners killed by coal dust
Activity
“Hazardous Duty – Factory Work During the Industrial Revolution”Use the reading to answer the multiple
choice questions
Class Tensions Grow
Middle Class = factory owners, skilled workers, professionals, business people, wealthy farmers New social class Had most of the money Looked down on by the upper class
Working class = factory workers, laborers Poorest group
Reforming SocietyWorkers started getting involved in politicsCreated labor unions
Unions represented all the workers in a particular trade
Engaged in collective bargaining with employers
If employers didn’t agree, workers would strike (refuse to work)
Creating UnionsSkilled workers created the first unions
– harder to replace in workforceWas a very tough process
England – unions/going on strike illegalEventually governments look into the
awful conditions Most obvious were child labor problems
Effects of the RevolutionCreates jobs, enriches nation,
encourages technological progressIncreases production of goods, raises
standard of living, gives people hope of improving their lives
Education expands, clothing becomes cheaper, diet and housing improve
Protecting the RevolutionGreat Britain did not want to share the
secrets of industrializationTo protect these secrets, they
FORBADE engineers, toolmakers, and mechanics from leaving the country
JIGSAW
Writing an EditorialCongratulations! You’ve been promoted
to Editor for the London TimesUsing the information that you gathered
during the jigsaw, you will be writing a editorial arguing whether or not the Industrial Revolution improved life in England and how to fix some of the existing problems
Industrial Revolution ProjectLet’s play tic-tac-toe!For this project you get to choose what
aspects you would like to focus on! You must pick THREE topics – these
can go across, up and down, or diagonally
Evolving Economic Theories
Mercantilism: The Old Theory
Mercantilism: The Old TheoryMain idea: MONEY = POWER
Import (buy from another country) as little as possible
Export (sell to another country) as much as possible
Needed colonies to make this system work
Had been the most popular economy
ACTIVITY1. Read the information sheet about your
theory2. Individually list what you think are the
most important parts of the theory3. With the other students who have
your theory answer these questions (you’re turning these in!):1. How would you summarize your
theory?2. What are advantages to your theory?3. What might be some disadvantages to
your theory?4. After about 15-20 minutes, we will
jigsaw!
Your Opinion
On a sheet on paper, using your notes from today, answer the question below:
Which theory do you think sounds best or worst? Which kind would you want
to use if you could choose? WHY?
Make sure to put your name on your paper!
IT IS BEING COLLECTED!
Let’s Review…
Capitalism (Theory A) Individuals have the right to own
private property and businessesGovernment should protect these
rightsGov’t should stay out of the
economy (laissez-faire) Owner can choose what to make,
how much to make, and what price to sell at
Capitalism (Theory A)
Economy based on competition Prices often lower
Example: when only AT&T carried the iPhone, they could charge whatever they wanted
When Verizon began carrying the iPhone, AT&T had to drop their prices
Items probably of better quality Why buy something that isn’t made
well if you can get a better item somewhere else?
Capitalism (Theory A)Based on supply and demand
Make products based on what and how much buyers want
Gov’t might have to step in if a company creates a monopoly Too much control over one industry =
less competition
Sound Familiar?
Think back to the Enlightenment and Adam Smith!
Socialism (Theory B)Cooperation instead of competitionGovernment controls all means of
productionPicks what to make and how
much to makeSupply and demand doesn’t exist
Socialism (Theory B)A government using socialism
might promise the people:Economic equalityNo more povertyDecent housesGood working conditions
ACTIVITY In your notebook, compare the
similarities and differences between capitalism and socialism
Communism (Theory C)Many similarities with socialismEquality of the people
Not a big difference between rich and poor
The people should control the means of production Government technically owns
everything, but the people run the gov’t, not politicians
Communism (Theory C)Cooperation not competitionPeople’s government decides
what goods to produce and how much
No supply and demand
ACTIVITYCapitalism vs. Communism
Identifying Characteristics Review each of the characteristics
listed on the sheet Place each on in the proper
economic category
Communism (Theory C) Karl Marx- German journalist Fredrich Engels – German, father owns
textile mill The Communist Manifesto
Society is divided into warring classes
Capitalism helps the “haves” (employers/bourgeoisie)
Hurts the “have-nots” (workers/proletariat)
Predict workers will overthrow owners
TIME TO STUDY!