The independence of the spanish colonies in america excelente1!

The Independence of the Spanish colonies in America

Index • Introduction • Causes • Independence phases -First phase (1808-1818) -Second phase (1818-1824) • Consequences • Questions

Made by:

-Nuria Berdugo Gómez -Livia Fernández Pérez -Alba Jáimez Moreno -Zenaida Muñoz Muñoz

Introduction We are going to talk about

the Independence of American Colonies linking them with the situations in Great Britain and Spain, the Independence periods, their consequences and the relation with Great Britain.

Causes

Influence of the independence of the 13 colonies

Creoles The Creoles were the descendants of the old Spanish immigrant, but they born in America. They represented 10-15% of the population.

Influence of the Ilustration

• Ideas of Locke (theory of the English Revolution of the seventeenth century)

• Texts of the French Enlightenment: Voltaire, Montesquieu and Rousseau.

• The theory pactista of Francisco Suárez

Creoles

Support of Great Britain and USA

Great Britain wanted to break the Spanish monopoly of trade with the colonies. Great Britain and the USA sold guns and warships to the American insurgents.

The British invasions of the Río de la Plata

Influence of the independence of the 13 colonies

The thirteen colonies in North America joined together to emancipate from the British Empire, with the Spanish support. In 1776 each colony established a government institution to govern themselves.

Declaration of independence

Creation of the Courts and the Constitution

There were some setbacks with the deputies, both peninsular and American. The constitution benefited in some aspects to the Americans, but also there were many disagreements.

There was no power after the abdications of Bayonne Provintial Board

Central Board

Regency

They didn't recognize the authority of the Regency, so they replaced the colonial authorities and establish their own government bodies.

Government Boards

The promulgation of the Constitution of 1812

Independence Phases

First Phase (1808-1818)

Venezuela Miranda returned from Haiti where he got his independence . The army of Venezuela was supported by Britain. He couldn't get the independence of 19th July of 1810.

Francisco de Miranda

The Act of the Declaration of Independence of Venezuela

Nueva España

Two important events: the Conspiracy of Querétaro and Dolores’ Shouting Miguel Hidalgo Allende However ,in 1811 their heads were exposed in Granaditas. Aldama

Morelos

He took the Miguel Hidalgo’s role and he proclaimed the independence of Nueva España

Josefa Ortiz

Paraguay

He was supported by peasants, labourers, military officers and farmers

Dr. Francia Fernando VII

He was supported by landowners and traders

Caballero

Iturbe Yegros

They defeated Governor Velazco in 14th and 15th 1811. Independence was declared on May 17th 1811

He wanted to conquer Paraguay but he was defeated in Paraguarí and Tacuarí

Belgrano

Argentines began their struggle to conquer Paraguay in 1810

Chile Chile had to confront with the

troops of viceroy ship of Peru. .

José Miguel Carrera Bernardo O’Higgins

The most important event in Chile was: the phase of ‘Patria Vieja’

Juan Martínez de Rozas

This produced :

- Military disaster

- Carrera’s political ambition

- Disagreement between the colonies and the Spanish monarchy

Second Phase (1818-1824) The collapse of the Spanish sovereignty.

Pampa de La Quinua, Peru. The most important battle was the Battle of Ayacucho. It is secured the independence of Peru and ensured independence for the rest of South America.

The Battle of Ayacucho.

The most important people in the independece of South America He was a Argentine general and the

prime leader of the southern part of South America's successful struggle for independence from the Spanish Empire. Their campaigns were decisive for independence's Argentina, Peru and Chile. Joining forces, the Chileans and Argentines soundly defeated the Spanish at the Battle of Maipú.

He was a military and political leader. He carried out the Independence of Colombia (Nueva Granada in 1819). Also Bolivar freed Venezuela with victory of Carabobo

He was born in 1795, in New Granada. He entered the struggles for independence in Venezuela and Colombia Liberator of Ecuador and Peru.

Francisco de Miranda

Venezuelan revolutionary. Francisco de Miranda attempted to liberate his homeland with British help. Miranda returned in 1810 to head up the First Venezuelan Republic. He is regarded as a forerunner of Simón Bolívar

Consequences Effects of independence of the Spanish

colonies in America were economics, society, government and politics.

Congress of Panama (1826). The colonies depended economically of

France and England. There were many characteristics that can

be synthesized in three points: Federation Gran Colombiana Disaster in the social stability The political independence didn't

determined the economic independence

Questions • Who were the Creoles? The Creoles were the descendants of the old Spanish immigrant, but they born in America. • What countries supported the

American Independence? - France and USA - Great Britain and USA - Morocco and India

• Which countries couldn’t get

the independence in this period?

Puerto Rico, Cuba and Philippines

• What ideology did Morelos follow?

- Miguel Hidalgo’s ideology - Aldama’s ideology - Allende’s ideology • Which were some of the

consequences? - The political independence didn't

determined the economic independence

- Criollos monopolised the power and the wealth, and they didn't pay taxes.

- Trade monopoly disappeared

• Link these men with their countries

1. Venezuela

2. Provincias del Rio de la Plata

3. Chile

4. Paraguay

5. Nueva España

6. Colombia

7. Peru

O’Higgins Miranda

Sucre Simon Bolivar

San Martín Dr. Francia

Belgrano Miguel Hidalgo

Morelos

The end