The Human Musculoskeletal System

TSYS ME

Organ system that gives humans the ability to move using their muscular andskeletal systems

Skeletal

MuscularJoints, ligaments

and tendons

The Musculoskeletal System

Skeletal

BONES

Structure

Functions

The bones are what gives the body shape.

Bones support our bodies.

Babies have more than 300 bones and adults have 206 bones.

Underneath your skin there are 5 types of bones in the human body. These are . . .

Long Bones

Short Bones

FlatBones

Irregular

BonesSesamoid

Bones

Long Bones

Includes having a body which is longer than it is wide.They are usually somewhat

curved for strength.The femur -a long bone

Tibia Fibula

Examples include femur, tibia, fibula, humerus, ulna and radius

Short Bones

The carpals -a short bone

Roughly cube-shaped and have approximately equal length and widthProviding support and

stability with little movement. Examples include

ankle and wrist bones

Flat Bones

The scapula -a flat bone

a thin shape/structure and provide considerable mechanical protection and extensive surfaces for muscle attachments.

Irregular

Bones

Vertebrae -irregular bones

Bones in the body which do not fall into any other category, due to their non-uniform shape. Consist of cancellous bone,

with a thin outer layer of compact bone.

Good examples of these are the Vertebrae, Sacrum and Mandible (lower jaw).

Sesamoid

Bones

The patella (knee cap) – a sesamoid bone

Short or irregular bones,imbedded in a tendon.It passes over a joint

which serves to protectthe tendon.

Examples common to everyone include the patellae (kneecaps).

What do you think we would look like without

bones?

Bones provide the framework for the body.

Bones protect the body organs.

Bone helps the body move in different directions and different ways

What is your bone made of?

A typical bone has an outer layer of hard or compact bone, which is

very strong, dense and tough!

Inside this is a layer of spongy bone, which is

like honeycomb, lighter and

slightly flexible.

In the middle of some bones is jelly-like bone marrow,

where new cells are being produced for

the blood.

Muscular

Muscles are also necessary for movement: They're the masses of tough, elastic tissue that pull our bones when we move.

Smooth Cardiac Skeletal

TYPEs

SmoothMuscle

Involved in involuntary motion, forexample the smooth muscle of theeyes helps them focus without theprompt of the nervous system.

No striations and has cells that aredescribed as spindle shaped.

Examples include stomach and bladder

CardiacMuscle

Makes up the thick, inner layer of the heart.Enables the heart muscle to pump

continuously and involuntarily without everresting.

Promotes the circulation necessary to sustainthe entire body.

SkeletalMuscle

Called striated muscle is part of what comprises the musculoskeletal

system, which connects muscles and bones for voluntary body movements.

Attached to both ends of a bone by the tendons.

Joints, ligaments and tendons

Joints Ligaments Tendons

The ones between the carpals of the wrist, are found where bones meet as flat surfaces

Allow for the bones to glide past one another in any direction.

Are where two or more bones meet; They allow you to move.

Such as the one between the first metacarpal and trapezium bone, permit 360 degree motion by allowing the bones to pivot along two axes.

Such as the elbow and knee, limit movement in only one direction so that the angle between bones can increase or decrease at the joint.

Form the only ball and socket joints in the body.

Have the freest range of motion of any joint in the body – they are the only joints that can move in a full circle and rotate around their axis.

Fibrous connective

tissue which

attaches muscle to

bone.

Fibrous connective

tissue which

attaches bone to

bone