The Great Musasir Temple of Armenia

THE GREAT MUSASIR TEMPLE OF ARMENIAMARK A. KALUSTIAN

PAUL EMILE BOTTA'S EXCAVATIONS IN KHORSABAD 1843

THE LOUVRE TEXTS ON LATE ARARATIAN HISTORY AND THE TREASURES OF MUSASIR

MUSASIR - THE PROTOTYPE FOR THE CLASSICAL GREEK TEMPLES

XXTH CENTURY EXCAVATIONS

NOTES AND REFERENCES

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By Mark A. Kalustian

During the early 1850's, the British Assyrian Excavation Fund entered the field under William Kennett Loftus and many antiquities and accurate drawings of wall

sculptures were apportioned between the British Museum and the Louvre. However, a bas-relief destined for Paris forming part of an ill-started convoy of antiquities

was attacked by Arab robbers while being shipped down the Tigris River, and today lies buried somewhere in the bed of that river. Fortunately that particular bas-

relief was copied at its original location in the palace onto a drawing by Eugene Flandin(2) as Botta's chief artist.

PAUL-EMILE BOTTA'S EXCAVATIONS OF 1843

PAUL - EMILE BOTTA [1802 - 1870]

During this period of Assyrian campaigns, the northern Araratian regions were governed by Sardur -and later by his son Rusa (Hrachya, according to Movses Khorenatsi) with the capital at Toushpa (Tosp) located near the great city and the capital of the mighty Kingdom of Ararat, Van (Biaina) on the eastern shore of Lake Van. Sardur placed Urzana as the governor of the spiritual center of Ararat The Temple of [K]Haldi -- Musasir Ardini.

AR AR AT

T H E   T E M P L E   O F   M U S A S I R

THE LOUVRE TEXTS ON LATE ARARATIAN HISTORY AND THE TREASURES OF MUSASIR

By Mark A. Kalustian

We gather from the Louvre texts that in the summer of 714 BC, Sargon with a great army crossed the Kurdish mountains towards Lake Urmia, swept through the

Araratian cities in the area and then turned westward into the land of Nairi, south of Lake Van. For good reason (knowing that many of his Assyrian predecessors

were thrown back from the gates of Van), Sargon by-passed Tushpa and marched around the northern and western reaches of the lake and stealthily attacked Musasir,

throwing the entire countryside into panic and confusion. King Urzana and his retinue fled into the mountains, leaving the victorious Assyrians to overrun the city

and

WORSHIP STATUE OF GODDESS  ARUBANI.SACRED FEMININE COUNTERPART OF  HALDI.

SACRED CEREMONIAL VESSEL OF HALDIAN-CHALDEAN TEMPLESWITH FOUR BULLHEAD HANDLES.

capture the palace of the ruler with its store-rooms filled with immense treasure. He then entered the temple of the god Haldi (Khaldi) where even greater beauty was

found. The list of valuables has been catalogued in the Louvre text(3) and it defies imagination and comprehension. It is sufficient to state that King Rusa

had assembled the greater part of the treasures of Ararat (Urartu) in Musasir

ARMANEN KURMS HIGH PRIEST ASTRONOMERS. GUARDIANS OF THE ETERNAL FLAME OF WISDOM.

CUNEIFORM INSCRIPTION RECORD [FOR FOLLOWING POSTERITY...] THE PRECESSION OFTHE 12 HOUSES OF THE ZODIAC [DUODECIMAL SYSTEM] AROUND THE FIXED POINT.

THE REVOLUTIONARY DUODECIMAL SYSTEM OF THE ARMANI CHALDEAN HIGH PRIESTSOF THE ASTRONOMICAL WISDOM TEMPLES.

THE CELESTIAL BULL [TAURUS]. ESOTERIC CUNEIFORM TABLETOF THE CHALDEAN ASTRONOMERS KEPT IN THE CONCEALED VAULTS.

NOTE THE CHALICE.

BROKEN REMNANTS OF THE CUNEIFORM DISK RECORDINGTHE SOLAR PRECESSION CYCLE THROUGH THE HOUSES.

THE METICULOUS AND PAINSTAKING OBSERVATION OF CELESTIAL HEAVENSAND SUBSEQUENT RECORDING WOULD ENSURE

FORETELLING THE FUTURE BASED ON COSMIC PHENOMENA.THE SUPREME OBSESSION AMONG OTHER THINGS 

WAS PRIMARILY BORNE OUT OF THE TERRIBLE ANXIETY OFCALCULATING THE SHIFT OF THE AXIS...CELESTIAL AND TERRESTRIALSHIFT [POLAR OPPOSITES REVERSE...+ BECOMES – AND VICE VERSA...]

WOULD ALWAYS RESULT IN A CATASTROPHE OR A 'DELUGE' OF CIVILIZATION.

 NINE  BEING THE SACRED CHALDEAN NUMBER OF MOTHER EARTH AND ALL THE PLANETS EXCEPT...VENUS WHICH HAS THE FADIC VALUE OF   FOUR

ONE OF COUNTLESS KARASES FROM EREBUNI. FIRST MILLENNIUM BC.

for safe-keeping under the care of his hand-picked ruler Urzana, to thwart the greedy appetite of the mighty Assyrian king. Indeed, the treasures of the

Egyptian Tutankhamen discovered in the 1920's pales into insignificance when compared with the fantastic wealth that Sargon carried back to Assyria to

record in text and bas-relief in the capital of Assur and the palace at Dur-Sharrukin. Fortunately, the boastful inscriptions and wall paintings of the military

monarch have preserved for us the nature of the

SEV  AREV  [BLACK SUN]  QUINTESSENTIAL  SYMBOL  OF  ARARAT

high culture of Ararat, which otherwise would have never seen the light of day. It has been stated that when Hrusha (Rusa) learned of the destruction and

pillaging of Musasir and the sacrilege of the Great Temple of Haldi, the grief-stricken the King and the Supreme High Priest of Ararat, committed suicide.

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THE TEMPLE OF MUSASIRMUSASIR -- THE PROTOTYPE FOR THE CLASSICAL GREEK TEMPLES

COSMIC TREE OF LIFE THE VERY SYMBOL OF CIVILIZATION THAT SPREADTHROUGHOUT THE WORLD FROM ARARAT-ARATTA-DILMUN-PARADISE-EDEN

By Mark A. Kalustian

And now, in the year 1986 or 2,700 years later, the author of this article has the audacity to claim that Musasir deserves the attention of the architectural world for no other reason than the preservation of the drawing of the temple by Flandin which accompanies the dissertation. Please look at the drawing and

follow my line of reasoning. Here we see the oldest of the temples Ararat which, according to reliable sources, was built around 825 BC in the city of Musasir, which can be located with some certainty in the area between lakes Van and Urmia, in Historic Armenia.(4)

THE GREAT ARARATIAN TEMPLE OF MUSASIR. PROTO-TYPE OF ALL ARMENIAN MITHRÆA [LIKE GARNI MITHRÆVM] THAT ALSO INFLUENCED ALL LATER GRÆCO-ROMAN TEMPLES [THAT SPREAD WITH ARMENIAN MITHRAISM].

NOTE THE SPEAR OF DESTINY AT THE APEX.... [LEAF/TREE OF LIFE/AXIS MUNDI].

THE PI GATE TO THE [K]HALDEAN INNER SANCTUM

THE FLOOR PLAN OF THE MUSASIR TEMPLEBASIS OF THE PYRAMIDAL STYLE

ARMANI MASTER BUILDERS

It depicts the pillaging of this temple erected to the warrior God Haldi by the soldiers of Sargon's army, but our concern at this moment is not in robbery but in artistry. Notice the pitched or gabled roof of either wood or stone, the vertical triangular end from eaves to ridge of roof with a high pediment. The portico or facade has six columns or piers or pilasters, if you will. The effect is definitely like a Greek

temple similar to the Partheonon in Athens with which everyone is familiar. That Greek edifice was built around the year 500 BC or 425 years later than the Armenian temple of our Araratian forefathers. Up till now, no monument has been found in Mesopotamia similar to the Musasir temple except in Asia Minor. In Phrygia, during the 8th to the 5th centuries, great facades were carved on rock-cut faces representing temples for the cult of the Great Mother. These too became the prototypes for the classical Greek temples.

HUGE ARARATIAN CAULDRON MADE OUT OF BRONZE FOUND IN VETULONIA, ITALY.THESE HUGE CAULDRONS SERVED FOR THE PREPARATION OF THE RELIGIOUSFOOD DURING SPECIAL RITES OF CONSECRATION. 3 VISHAP [DRAGON]  HEADS 

FACING OUTWARD [FROM ONE SOURCE CENTER] ON ONE SIDE AND 3 VISHAP HEADS ON THE OTHER SIDE OF TWO WINGED DEITY SUN DISKS

[PHOENIX] THE DISKS SERVE AS ELABORATE INSET LIFTING RINGS.ARARAT HAD A VAST NETWORK OF

SOCIO-ECONOMIC, CULTURAL AND POLITICAL CONNECTIONSTHROUGHOUT THE ANCIENT WORLD AS HAS BEEN PROVEN BY A NUMBER OF

ARTIFACTS FOUND THROUGHOUT THE ANCIENT WORLD WITH ARARATIANMARKINGS AND CUNEIFORMS.

ARARATIAN BRONZE CAULDRON FOUND IN REGOLINI, GALASSI TOMB, CERVETERI.ON DISPLAY IN THE VATICAN MUSEUM, ROME.

SIX VISHAPS LOOKING INWARD POINTING TO THEONE [SOURCE] CENTER

REPLICA OF THE MAGICKAL CHALDEAN CAULDRON UPON THE SACRED TRIPOD WITH THE REKINDLED ETERNAL FLAME MADE BY ARTSRUN BERBERIAN ONE OF 

THE RENOWNED ARMENIAN SILVERSMITHS WHOSE ANCESTORS HAILED FROM TUŠPA-TOSP-VAN THE ANCIENT CAPITAL OF ARARAT...

MORE OF THE REMARKABLE CAUDLRONS FOUND THROUGHOUTNUMEROUS CHALDEAN ORACLES.

SACRED TRIPOD UNITED WITH ONE RING. FOUR VISHAP-DRAGONS.

SACRED TRIANGLE TRIPOD FORMS WITH THE DOWNWARD BEAMS THE SYMBOL OF MACROCOSM. HANDLES IN THE FORM OF

THE WINGED CELESTIAL TAURUS-BULL [TARON-TAURUS MT. RANGE..TAURUBERAN PROVINCE OF GREATER ARMENIA ONE OF THE IMPORTANT

CENTERS OF THE BULL CULT]. FROM ALTINTEPE [GOLDEN HILL],BEGINNING OF FIRST MILLENNIUM BC.

CELESTIAL BULL/HOLY COW  

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THE HUGE CAULDRON ON A SACRED TRIPOD FOR THE PREPARATION OF RELIGIOUS FOOD.

THE TRADITION CONTINUED IN AN UNBROKEN FASHIONBY THE HOLY APOSTOLIC CHURCH IN PREPARATION OF 

THE HOLY MURION LED BY THE CATHOLICOS --ONCE EVERY SEVEN YEARS...

THE CAPITOL BUILDING IN YOUNG UNITED STATES IN LATE PART OF THE XVIIITH CENTURY AFTER THE WAR OF INDEPENDENCE

DESIGNED BASED ON ARMANI MITHRAIC TEMPLE TRADITION THAT WAS THE CROWNING GLORY AND THE TRIUMPH OF THE HUMAN SPIRIT

THROUGHOUT THE ROMAN EMPIRE LED BY THE DEVOTEE EMPEROR HIMSELF AT THEHEAD OF THE WARRIOR ARISTOCRACY, THE SENATE AND THE COLLEGIA. 

THE CROWNING GLORY OF HOLY TEMPLES ARGUABLY BEING THE PANTHEON IN ROME.

NOTE THAT THE PARTHENON HAS EIGHT SUPPORTING COLUMNS IN FRONT SINCEALIGNMENT IS WITHIN THE SPHERICAL DOME.

WANSTED BUILDING. THE BLUEPRINT OF THE LATTER WASHINGTON CAPITOL3 COLUMNS ON THE RIGHT AND 3 COLUMNS ON THE LEFT

OF THE DOORWAY [SEVENTH ENTRANCE POINT] TO THE TEMPLE.THE PARLIAMENT HOUSE OF RA AND THE MATENADARAN IN YEREVAN ARE FOUNDED UPON THE REVERED LAYOUT.

RAISING CONSCIOUSNESS IN SYNCHRONICITY WITH THE DIVINE UNIVERSAL LIFE FORCE.

BAG-ARAN

HARMONY OF BAGARAN CHURCH [624-631]

OCTAGRAMIC [ORDER/SPIRITUAL HIEARCHY FROM CHAOS/VOID] FLOOR PLAN OF ARMANEN TEMPLES

OCTAGONAL DOMES OF SPIRITUAL ILLUMINATION

ARMAN CONIC DOMES [MALE + FEMALE UNION SPHERE/CIRCLE AND TRIANGLE].CONES WERE A QUINTESSENTIAL SCRYING ELEMENTS OF CHALDEAN ORACLES.

MODULE OF THE EDIFICE ORDER OF ARARTIAN TEMPLES.

FLOOR PLAN OF THE SACRED ARMENIAN MITHRÆVM.SURAKAN, FIRST MILLENNIUM BC.

THE SACRED PATTERN. SYMBOL OF T-WINGS/PYRAMIDALSQUARE WITHIN A CIRCLE HAD A TRANSCENDENTAL

QUALITY [THE OLDEST LAYERS OF YEREVAN FROM FOURTH-FIFTH MILLENNIUM BCIN THE MODERN SHENGAVIT' DISTRICT ARE ALIGNED IN CIRCLE/SQUARE 

GENERAL PLAN...SO ARE A NUMBER OF SACRED SITES THROUGHOUT EUROPE]. FOR RAISING THE CONSCIOUSNESS.

THE CENTER IS THE HEART OF THE TEMPLE CONTAININGTHE ESSENCE/DIVINE SPARK/LOGOS. THE SYMBOL OF

FOUR UNITED Ts GOES BACK ALL THE WAY TO NEOLITHIC ERAINCLUDING IN THE PICTOGRAPHS OF THE GEGHAMA MOUNTAINS.

...SACRED SUBLIME DEEPLY MEANINGFUL TIBETAN MANDALA [LIT. CYCLE]AVALOKITESHWARA [EMANATING FROM THE PYRAMID]

AS THE DIVINE SPARK/ETERNAL FLAME

[LIKE ORIFLAMME]  WITH THE FOUR 'T' [TWO UNITED SWASTIKASSPINNING RIGHT AND LEFT...] OF THE EIGHTFOLD PATH

OF ENLIGHTENMENT WITH FIVE SURROUNDING LAYERS.UPPER HANDS WITH ROSARY BEADS AND THE LOWER

HANDS IN ANJALI MUDRA [IN ARM.IMAST IN ARM. MEANING...IMASTUN...WISE/ENLIGHTENED

MASTER/MAZDA...RUS. MUDROST WISDOM].

THE HOLY SYMBOL OF THE LUSIGNAN HOUSEALONG WITH THE BLASON COAT OF ARMS MADE UP OF

BARRULY OF TEN ARGENT AND AZURE...AS DIVINE KINGS OF ARMENIA, CYPRUS AND JERUSALEM...

ARMANI CAULDRON HANDLE. SOLAR GOD-MAN WITH WINGED [FLYING-SERPENT] DISK SYMBOLIC

OF THE STAR MEN THAT BROUGHT DIVINE KNOWLEDGE.

THE GREAT TEACHER ZOROASTER BORN IN ARMENIA CA. 1,200 BC PERSONIFIEDAND EMBODIED SO MUCH OF THE EARLIER LIGHT/ENERGY WORSHIPPING

ANCESTRAL TEACHINGS OF THE ARMIN [IRMIN] ARMANEN WISDOM SCHOOLS...

However one approaches this problem, what the Musasir monument does show is the affinity of Armenian architecture in the ninth century BC, with the architecture of Asia Minor and of Greece - an important fact, since Armenia at a later date was under Mesopotamian influence. This fact was attested to by K. J. Basmadjian's(5) the editor of Panaser and a member of the Societe Asiatique in 1903. In writing to the Society he says, "My strongest argument is the similarity of the pediment of both the Parthenon and that of the temple of Musasir. In both cases exactly the same triangle is preserved.

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MAISON CARRÉE [LIT. SQUARE HOUSE] IN NIMES, SOUTHERN FRANCE. CA. 10 AD.VIRTUALLY IDENTICAL  MITHRÆVM AS IN GARNI. ONE OF THE DIFFERENCES 

ARE THE CORINTHIAN PILLARS INSTEAD OF IONIC IN GARNI.

THE VIRGINIA CAPITOL ERECTED ACCORDING TO THEBLUEPRINTS [EARLY OR MID 1770s] OF PRESIDENT THOMAS JEFFERSON

DRAWN BY CLÉRISSEAU WHO TOLD THE FUTURE PRESIDENT THAT MAISON CARRÉE MITHRÆVM IN NIMES IS ONE OF THE MOST HARMONIOUS

AND DIVINE TEMPLES OF THE ANCIENT WORLD...AND HERE IS THE INTERESTINGPART CLÉRISSEAU CHOSE NOT THE CORINTHIAN ORDER OF NIMES TEMPLE BUT THAT 

OF THE IONIC OF GARNI [VIRGINIA CAPITOL MODEL WAS MADE AROUND 1785-86 BYJEAN-PIERRE FOUQUET [1752-1829]. WITH THE LEFT AND RIGHT SPIRALING RAM HEAD'S

KHOY-AK [LIT. RAM WHEEL/EYE]...RAM A SOLAR PRINCIPLE...IS INDIGENOUS TO ARMENIAN HIGHLAND...

AND WAS ADOPTED AS THE SYMBOL OF THE SUN GOD IN EGYPT ASWELL AS THROUGHOUT MUCH OF NEAR EAST.

THOMAS JEFFERSON [1743-1826]

The oldest monument in the world having this triangular pediment is the temple of Musasir. Neither Assyria nor Babylonia, the two great powers which have always been in touch with the Araratians, have ever had this triangular form. From Armenia it was evidently transmitted to Phrygia and Lydia, and through these countries it was introduced to Athens, and afterwards back to Persia... the temple was probably constructed during the reign of Ishpuhini (828-784 BC), king of Ararat (Urartu in Assyrian inscriptions) , for this was the first king who marched upon Musasir and conquered it "(6).

THE EVOLUTION OF ARMAN MITHRÆVM

RECONSTRUCTION OF THE MUSASIR TEMPLE [TO ROW LEFT] AND MITHRÆVM OF KASAX IN APARAN [TO ROW RIGHT] -- THE GRAND TEMPLES OF MITHRAS -- 

THE ARMENIC SUN GOD WERE BUILT BY THE SAME MASTER BUILDERS ACCORDINGTO THE SAME TRADITIONAL BLUEPRINTS THE LATTER CHRISTIAN BASILICAS

AND CHURCHES LIKE TSITSERNAKAVANK‛ AND TEKOR [MID. AND BOTTOM ROW]

WERE ALSO BUILT BY THE ARMENIAN MASTER ARCHITECTS WHO REMAINED TRUE TO THE TRADITIONAL SACRED PATTERNS

MITHRÆVM -- EARLY BASILICA -- DOMED CHURCH.

MITHREÆ WERE SIMPLY TRANSFORMEDINTO IDENTICAL BASILICAS AND [DOMED] CHURCHES.

HARNESSING SANCTUMS [THROUGH FUSION] OF THE CELESTIAL AND TERRESTRIAL ENERGIES

THE BASILICAS AND CHURCHES IN THE CONTINUATION OF MITHRAICARMENIAN MASTER BUILDERS WERE ERECTED UPON THE SACRED

GEOMETRY OF THE TELLURIC ENERGIES THAT FUSED ON KEY POINTSOF THE FOUR FOLD DIVISION OF MOTHER EARTH AND THE

TRIPLE DECKER UNIVERSE.

ARMAN SACRED TEMPLES BUILT BY MASTER BUILDERSIN ORDER TO RAISE CONSCIOUSNESS AND REACH

HARMONIOUS ONENESS WITH THE DIVINE SOURCE ESSENCE.

THE HARMONIOUS ORDER OF THE TEMPLETWO STATUES OF ATLANTES [CONNECTED WITH ATLANTIS] ON THE STEPS

LEADING TO THE TEMPLE AND ON THE BOTTOM OF TWO PERIPHERAL COLUMNS ON EACH SIDE ARE SYMBOLICALLY SUSTAINING [DUAL POLARITY] THE TEMPLE.

THE TEMPLE OF APOLLO AT DELPHI. BUILT USING THE SAME SACRED ARCHITECTURESIX COLUMNS UPHOLDING THE PEDIMENT DELTA. EIGHT COLUMNS [HIDDEN] 

ON THE SIDES OF THE ENTRY GATES TO THE HOLY SANCTUM OFVISIONARY TRANSCENDENCE.

If further proof is needed that the temple is not an isolated instance in point, then let us glance to the other bas-relief which is plate number 114 in Volume II of Botta's monumental work. Here we also see for the first time anywhere, the Armenian kiosk or "pleasure house" on the margin of a lake. Notice the columns or pillars strongly resembling those of the Ionic order in Greek architecture (see above reconstruction model).

THE TEMPLE OF MUSASIRXXTH CENTURY EXCAVATIONS

By Mark A. Kalustian

Since 1959, the Historical Society and the Department of Antiquities have conducted excavations in the Yerznka area, west of Karin. Here at Altintepe was revealed an Araratian temple and other monuments.(7) It is significant to point out that although only the

DEPICTION OF THE INSCRIBED COLUMN BASE CONNOTING ERECTION DURING THE REIGN OF KING MENUA.

WINGED FLAMING GODDESS MOTHER ARUBANI-BAGMAŠTU ]LIT. BAG...GOD/DIVINE MAŠTU...WISDOM] WITH THE SACRED SCRYING CONIC SOSE LEAVES.

TWELVE CHEVRONS LEAD TO THE TORSO/BODY/NAVEL.

MORE OF CHALDEAN WIZARDRY THAT UNDOUBTEDLYIS AESTHETICALLY ENCHANTING OBJET D'ART.

ARARATIAN-VANIC TRIPOD WITH THE TOP CIRCLEDECORATED WITH TWO MASKS IN RELIEF, THREE MASKS

ON THE INSIDE CIRCLE...AS WITH ALL SACRED ARMANI TRIPODSLEGS ENDING IN HOOFS. DISPLAYED IN THE LOUVRE MUSEUM IN PARIS.

BELL INSCRIBED WITH THE ROYAL NAME OF KING ARGIŠTI I [785-53 BC].THIS CLASSICAL ARARATIAN/URARTEAN/VANIC BELL HAS A DOMED TOP

[SACRED FEMININE PRINCIPLE]...AN OCTAGONAL AND PERFORATED BODY WITHA CENTRAL RAISED RIDGE, AND A LOOP [INFINITY] FOR SUSPENSION. TRIPLE DECKER 

THAT HAS 8+8= [SACRED] 16 WINDOWS CROWNED WITH THE TIP/DOME/LOOP.DISPLAYED IN THE METROPOLITAN MUSEUM OF ARTS IN NEW YORK.

CITY PLAN OF THE GREAT ARARATIAN OUTPOST OF B A S T A M GUARDED SACRED MUSASIR FROM THE EAST. THE COLUMNAR HALL MADE UP OF SEVEN PARALLEL 

COLUMNS INCLUDED THE SACRED SUSI TEMPLE OF [C]HALDI-HAYK-EA. THE STABLES 

OF THE STATIONED AYRUDZI CAVALRY WAS TO THE NORTHEAST OF THE MAIN PALACE COMPLEX. THE NORTH GATE WAS GUARDED BY TWO TOWERS WHICH

 DEFENDED THE PASSAGEWAY LINKING TO THE 5-METER WIDE STREET LEADING TO THE CITADEL FORTRESS.

JAR FRAGMENT OF A BULL'S HEAD ATTACHMENT FROM THE VAN MUSEUMOF DARK GRAY WARE BURNISHED BLACK SLIP, AND INCISED WITH GEOMETRICMOTIFS. NOTE THE DOWNWARD POINTING TRIANGLE [VULVA/MOTHER EARTH] 

ON THE FOREHEAD.

MEDALLION WITH THE GOLDEN HEAD OF A BULL. THE LOOP ON TOP [O]OVER A 'T-SHAPED' HEAD IS COMPLEMENTED WITH A DOWNWARD 

POINTING TRIANGLE [IN 3 ROWS WITH 1+2+3 DOTS] ON THE FOREHEAD.

FINALLY MADE BRONZE CEREMONIAL STANDARD [WORLD PILLAR UPONTHE 'COSMIC BOAT' ALSO SOLAR + LUNAR OR MALE + FEMALE ANDROGYNY

REP. BY AYTS] SURMOUNTED BY AN IBEX [TOTEMIC AYA-AYTS]. DISPLAYED IN THE LOUVRE MUSEUM IN PARIS.

foundations of the temple are in view, this shrine to the god Haldi (Khaldi or Chalde), located in the Ararat confederation of Haiasa, the heartland of Hai [pronounced High] forefathers, contained many treasures very much alike those described by the bas-reliefs of the Assyrian king Sargon II.

THE SEAL OF UR-ZANA ARMAN KING OF THE HOLY LAND OF MUSASIR.IN THE CENTER -- HIGH PRIEST WITH THE WINGS OF GODHOOD 

CLUTCHING TWO OSTRICH BIRDS FACING EAST AND WEST...MAN IN CONTROL OF THE ELEMENTS.

THE TEMPLE OF MUSASIRNOTES AND REFERENCES

By Mark A. Kalustian

1. Botta, P.E. Monuments de Nineve. 5 volumes, Paris, 1849-1850, elephantine folio; with illustrative line drawings by Eugene Flandin.

2. See plate number 141 in Volume 11 above or illustration accompanying this essay.3. Thureau-Dangin, F. Une Relation de la Huitieme Campagne de Sargon. Paris, 1912, page 65.4. Belck, W. Zeitschrift fur Ethnographie. Berlin, 1899, p. 103.5. Basmadjian was a noted editor and writer of literary and scientific articles relating to Armenia;

residing in Paris. 6. Journal of the Royal Geographic Society for 1905, pages 362-363.

6. Archaeology. October 1969, Vol. 22, No. 4; Urartu and Altintepe, by Tahsin Ozguc, pp. 256-263, with 10 illustrations.

7. The Armenian Review. June 1980, pp. 214-215 with illustration. An Armenian Cylinder, by Mark A. Kalustian.

8. Babelon, Ernest. Manual of Oriental Antiquities. New York, 1889, pp. 76-77, with illustrations.9. Piotrovskii, B.B. Urartu: The Kingdom of Van and Its Arts. New York 1967, pp. 6-11, with

illustration.10. Olmstead, Albert T. Western Asia in the Days of Sargon, Assyria. Lancaster, PA, 1908, vii + 193

pp., Chapter V: The Armenian Wars, pp. 103-116.11. Olmstead, A.T. History of Assyria. New York, 1923 xxix+695 pp., figures 101, 102, 115 and 116.

The title under fig. 101 reads: Plunder of the "Greek" temple of Musasir!