DAVID&SOLOMON Final dating.docx 06-01-20, 14:25 1 of 17 KING DAVID&KING SOLOMON – Dating their Reign How Solomon succeeded David as king of Juda&Israel The First& Second anointment of Solomon Solomon was twice anointed to succeed David as King of Israel: “Then Zadok, the priest, and Nathan, the prophet, descended, with Benaiah, the son of Jehoi- ada, and the Cherethites and Pelethites. And they placed Solomon on the mule of king David, and they led him to Gihon. And Zadok, the priest, took the horn of oil from the tabernacle, and he anointed Solomon. And they sounded the trumpet. And all the people said, As king Solomon lives. And the entire multitude ascended after him. And the people were playing on pipes, and rejoicing with great joy. And the earth resounded before the noise of them.” (1 Kings 1:38-40 cpdv) This first anointment was done in a hurry (read entire chapter). David was sick, being nursed in bed. With great difficulty he was raised from his bed, to answer the challenge posed to him. Not so the 2 nd time, this time the assembly was well prepared; all the leaders were present: David assembled at Jerusalem all the officials of Israel, the officials of the tribes, the officers of the divisions that served the king, the commanders of thousands, the commanders of hun- dreds, the stewards of all the property and livestock of the king and his sons, together with the palace officials, the mighty men and all the seasoned warriors. (1Chronicles 28:1 ESV) David, no longer sick, was dynamically present and clearly in charge: Then David instructed the entire assembly: Bless the Lord our God. And the entire assembly blessed the Lord, the God of their fathers. And they bowed themselves, and they adored God, and next they reverenced the king. And they immolated victims to the Lord. And they offered holocausts on the following day: one thousand bulls, one thousand rams, one thousand lambs, with their libations and with every ritual, very abundantly, for all of Israel. And they ate and drank before the Lord on that day, with great rejoicing. And they anointed Solomon, the son of David, a second time. And they anointed him to the Lord as the ruler, and Zadok as the high priest. And Solomon sat upon the throne of the Lord as king, in place of his father David, and it pleased everyone. And all of Israel obeyed him. Moreover, all the leaders, and the powerful, and all the sons of king David pledged with their hand, and they became subject to king Solo- mon. Then the Lord magnified Solomon over all of Israel. And he gave to him a glorious reign, of a kind such as no one has had before him, as king of Israel. (1 Chronicles 29:20-25 cpdv) Solomon, as the text declares, was anointed a 2 nd time to be the successor of David, the king. How much time passed between the 2 anointings? Quit some time, as can be seen from these texts: And when the king had risen up and was standing, he said: Listen to me, my brothers and my people. I thought that I would build a house, in which the ark of the covenant of the Lord, the footstool of our God, might rest. And so I prepared everything for its building. But God said to me:
17
Embed
The First& Second anointment of Solomon Solomon was twice ...
This document is posted to help you gain knowledge. Please leave a comment to let me know what you think about it! Share it to your friends and learn new things together.
Transcript
DAVID&SOLOMON Final dating.docx
06-01-20, 14:25 1 of 17
KING DAVID&KING SOLOMON – Dating their Reign
How Solomon succeeded David as king of Juda&Israel
The First& Second anointment of Solomon Solomon was twice anointed to succeed David as King of Israel:
“Then Zadok, the priest, and Nathan, the prophet, descended, with Benaiah, the son of Jehoi-
ada, and the Cherethites and Pelethites. And they placed Solomon on the mule of king David,
and they led him to Gihon. And Zadok, the priest, took the horn of oil from the tabernacle,
and he anointed Solomon. And they sounded the trumpet. And all the people said, As king
Solomon lives. And the entire multitude ascended after him. And the people were playing on
pipes, and rejoicing with great joy. And the earth resounded before the noise of them.”
(1 Kings 1:38-40 cpdv)
This first anointment was done in a hurry (read entire chapter). David was sick, being nursed
in bed. With great difficulty he was raised from his bed, to answer the challenge posed to him.
Not so the 2nd time, this time the assembly was well prepared; all the leaders were present:
David assembled at Jerusalem all the officials of Israel, the officials of the tribes, the officers
of the divisions that served the king, the commanders of thousands, the commanders of hun-
dreds, the stewards of all the property and livestock of the king and his sons, together with the
palace officials, the mighty men and all the seasoned warriors. (1Chronicles 28:1 ESV)
David, no longer sick, was dynamically present and clearly in charge:
Then David instructed the entire assembly: Bless the Lord our God. And the entire assembly
blessed the Lord, the God of their fathers. And they bowed themselves, and they adored God,
and next they reverenced the king. And they immolated victims to the Lord. And they offered
holocausts on the following day: one thousand bulls, one thousand rams, one thousand lambs,
with their libations and with every ritual, very abundantly, for all of Israel. And they ate and
drank before the Lord on that day, with great rejoicing. And they anointed Solomon, the son
of David, a second time. And they anointed him to the Lord as the ruler, and Zadok as the high
priest. And Solomon sat upon the throne of the Lord as king, in place of his father David, and
it pleased everyone. And all of Israel obeyed him. Moreover, all the leaders, and the powerful,
and all the sons of king David pledged with their hand, and they became subject to king Solo-
mon. Then the Lord magnified Solomon over all of Israel. And he gave to him a glorious reign,
of a kind such as no one has had before him, as king of Israel. (1 Chronicles 29:20-25 cpdv)
Solomon, as the text declares, was anointed a 2nd time to be the successor of David, the king.
How much time passed between the 2 anointings?
Quit some time, as can be seen from these texts:
And when the king had risen up and was standing, he said: Listen to me, my brothers and my
people. I thought that I would build a house, in which the ark of the covenant of the Lord, the
footstool of our God, might rest. And so I prepared everything for its building. But God said to
me:
DAVID&SOLOMON Final dating.docx
06-01-20, 14:25 2 of 17
“You shall not build a house to my name, because you are a man of war, and have shed blood.
Now the Lord God of Israel chose me, out of the entire house of my father, so that I would be
king over Israel forever. For from Judah he chose leaders; then from the house of Judah he
chose the house of my father; and from the sons of my father, it pleased him to choose me as
king over all of Israel. Then too, among my sons (for the Lord has given me many sons) he
chose Solomon my son, so that he would sit upon the throne of the kingdom of the Lord, over
Israel. And he said to me: Solomon your son shall build my house and my courts. For I have
chosen him to be to me as a son, and I will be to him as a father. And I will make firm his
kingdom, even unto eternity, if he will persevere in doing my precepts and judgments, as also
today.”
Now therefore, before the entire assembly of Israel, in the hearing of our God, keep and seek
all the commandments of the Lord our God, so that you may possess the good land, and may
bequeath it to your sons after you, even forever. And as for you, my son Solomon, know the God
of your father, and serve him with a perfect heart and a willing mind. For the Lord searches all
hearts, and understands the thoughts of all minds. If you seek him, you will find him. But if you
abandon him, he will cast you aside for eternity. Now therefore, since the Lord has chosen you,
so that you would build the house of the Sanctuary, be strengthened and accomplish it. Then
David gave to his son Solomon a description of the portico, and the temple, and the storerooms,
and the upper floor, and the innermost rooms, and the house of propitiation, and indeed also
of all the courts that he had planned, and the outer rooms on all sides, for the treasuries of the
house of the Lord, and for the treasuries of the holy things, and for the divisions of the priests
and the Levites: concerning all the works of the house of the Lord and all the items in the
ministry of the temple of the Lord. (1 Chronicles 28:1-13 cpdv)
David also said to his son Solomon: Act manfully, and be strengthened, and carry it out.
You should not be afraid, and you should not be dismayed. For the Lord my God will be with
you, and he will not send you away, nor will he abandon you, until you have perfected the entire
work of the ministry of the house of the Lord. Behold, the divisions of the priests and the Levites,
for every ministry of the house of the Lord, are standing before you. And they have been pre-
pared, and so they know, both the leaders and the people, how to carry out all your precepts.
(1 Chronicles 28:20-21 cpdv)
All of this was before the 2nd anointing. Solomon was still young:
‘And king David spoke to the entire assembly: My son Solomon, the one God has chosen, is still
a tender boy. And yet the work is great, for a habitation is being prepared, not for man, but for
God.’ (1 Chronicles 29:1 cpdv)
So all together one might say: after his first anointment, Solomon and his father David, ruled
together as in a coregency, for, let’s say some months to some years. Even a 4- or 5-year period
is possible. But, to give not 1 year for this ‘coregency’ seems rather short!
The preparations might have started (long) before Solomon was first anointed as successor.
David might have received the revelation on Solomon and his future task of building the Temple
of YHWH even before Solomon was first anointed as king. In fact, it says:
“Bathsheba bowed herself, and she reverenced the king. And the king said to her, What do you
wish? And responding, she said: My lord, you swore to your handmaid, by the Lord your God:
your son Solomon will reign after me, and he himself shall sit upon my throne.”
(1 Kings 1:16-17)
DAVID&SOLOMON Final dating.docx
06-01-20, 14:25 3 of 17
“And king David responded, saying, Summon to me Bathsheba. And when she had entered
before the king, and she had stood before him, the king swore and said: As the Lord lives, who
has rescued my soul from all distress, just as I swore to you by the Lord God of Israel, saying:
Your son Solomon shall reign after me, and he himself shall sit upon my throne in my place, so
shall I do this day.” (1 Kings 1:28-30)
Now, of course, it is quite unlikely that after the great gathering that followed, presided over by
their honorable king David, in function and in power for so long now, Adonai, David’s other
son, would try to ‘steal’ the kingship:
‘Then too, among my sons (for the Lord has given me many sons) he chose Solomon my son, so
that he would sit upon the throne of the kingdom of the Lord, over Israel. And he said to me:
Solomon your son shall build my house and my courts. For I have chosen him to be to me as a
son, and I will be to him as a father. And I will make firm his kingdom, even unto eternity, if he
will persevere in doing my precepts and judgments, as also today.’(1 Chron.28:5-7)
In fact, this text makes it clear, that at the time of the 2nd anointing it was known by all leaders
of Israel, Solomon was chosen by God –with full consent of his father David–, to lead Israel
after David stepped down.
From this I conclude: the first anointment –and the events connected to it (1 Kings, ch.1)– had
already passed. Therefore, in our chronology, 1 Chronicles 28:1–21 must have happened be-
tween 1 Kings 1:1–53 and 1 Chronicles 29:1–25, with the 2nd anointment in 29:22, which was
on the second day of this great gathering (v.21 ‘on the following day’).
What does this mean?
It means we need to calculate a certain portion of time to a ‘kind of’ coregency of David with
Solomon; and this portion of time needs to be long enough to accommodate the preparations
for the building of the Temple under David’s leadership; and this is therefore different from the
3 years of preparations mentioned in 1 Kings 5, for that clearly was accomplished under the
direct leadership of Solomon, suggesting: after his 2nd anointment!
In fact, the statement by his father David: My son Solomon, the one God has chosen, is still a
tender boy. And yet the work is great, for a habitation is being prepared, not for man, but for
God, suggests the time of Solomon’s first to second anointment was rather substantial; for he
certainly doesn’t act as ‘still a tender boy’ after he is sole king, following his 2nd anointment!
(Read: 1 Kings chapters 2:1 until 6:1+37,38)
This means, conclusively, David&Solomon reigned some years as in a coregency, before David
died. It also suggests his father died not so long after his second anointment. The time from the
1st to 2nd anointment seems (much) longer than the time from the 2nd anointment until David’s
death. I suggest, David died in the 1st or 2nd year after Solomon started to reign as sole king,
following the 2nd anointment, and the time from the 1st to 2nd anointment took several years.
Since we are not certain about the length of this coregency, I shall take the connection to the
I conclude: with either a 981 or 980 start of Hiram, Solomon’s start from Abib 971 fits best.
The deliveries starting in Solomon’s first or second year, perfectly fit w. Temple chronology.
The 971 Abib start of Solomon’s coregency with his father, gives a Ziv-968 start for Temple.
Marcel van Raaij, 19 March 2014.
6 “Fall Jerusalem in 587BC and the priestly order”, page 10.
DAVID&SOLOMON Final dating.docx
06-01-20, 14:25 16 of 17
cont.20/03/14
Start of Solomon’s reign
With the conclusion above, the count of Solomon’s reign is slightly different:
in the calculation of the 4th year as start of the Temple construction, the count from 971 means the
coreign with David (last year) is included; but the 40 years is still counted from 970. Is this correct?
The simple solution would be to count the 40 years of Solomon from 971 to 931, instead of to 930BC.
But there is a fine connection to the start of either Rehoboam’s & Jeroboam’s reign...
So, this raises the question into the last year of Solomon’s reign once again.
The most likely solution is that the 40 years are counted from his first sole year: 970-969BC. This gives: 40th year is 931-930BC.
The alternative is to see if the split was possibly 1 year earlier. That is unlikely.
Possibly, at the start of Solomon’s reign, his reign was counted from 971, later the last year of David was reckoned exclusively to king David and Solomon’s count was retaken from 970?
This is a possibility, with so many years between his start of reign and his death 40 years after.
Also, reigns of the kings of Israel and Juda were counted differently from 931BC onwards:
a. in Juda from the first of Nisan of the first full year of reign = non-accession method;
b. in Israel from the day of accession = first year of reign = accession method.
Also, since Solomon was the last king of united Israel&Juda, his reign was counted from his first day
of accession in co-regency with his father, David, as king of Israel…
while in Juda, it may have been (re-)counted from the first day of Nisan, in his first sole year: gives 1 Nisan 970.
Here: Nisan=Abib, Tishri=Ethanim.
Conclusion:
King Solomon started his reign:
I. in coregency with his father David from at least 1 Abib 971BC, from whence the original dating of
the Temple (4th – 11th year) is counted, and the continuous method of reckoning the reigns of its kings
in Israel; this could also have been: from 1 Ethanim 972 or 971BC;
II. in sole reign from 1 Abib 970BC, on which the Judean reckoning is based continuously until the fall
of Jerusalem in 587BC and ever since.
The 1 Abib 930BC start date of king Rehoboam, first king of Juda after the split with Israel, is derived
from II; the 1 Ethanim 931BC start date of king Jeroboam, first king of Israel after the split with Juda,
is possibly derived from I.
Or it is simply explained by the proven different counting system for:
A) Juda: the non–accession method (first full year is year 1) B) Israel: the accession method (accession year is year 1).
So far this addition.
Marcel van Raaij, 20 March 2014, Start of Spring this year.
DAVID&SOLOMON Final dating.docx
06-01-20, 14:25 17 of 17
Some Conclusions MR/23.04.19/AM06.15h
David’s, Solomon’s reigns and how they connect to historical Sabbath Years
Having gone back into the matter of Solomon’s length of reign, the Temple project etc., I now wish to
attempt a summarizing conclusion of this episode in the history of Israel.
First of all one must say that a line of sabbatical years align quite perfectly with the 7.5 years of David
at the beginning of his reign –between his conquest of Hebron and his conquest of Jerusalem–, and with
the 7.5 years of Solomon, at the beginning of his reign –from the start to finish of the Temple building at Jerusalem–. Is this accidental? Let’s see:
The following sabbatical years align with David’s and Solomon’s reign, as follows:
year month month duration event who? SY start SY fine comments:
David starts reign: King David’s chronology:
1010BC Ethanim 07/1010 1 year Sabbath Year Israel 07/1010 07/1009 in ‘Exodus Line’, Sabbath Year 83.
1010BC Ethanim 07/1010 David king in Hebron David 07/1010 07/1009 David starts his rule from Hebron at the start of a historical Sabbath Year: September/October 1010BC.
1003BC Ethanim 07/1003 1 year Sabbath Year Israel 07/1003 07/1002 in ‘Exodus Line’, Sabbath Year 84.
1002BC Aviv 01/1002 7.5 yrs Jerusalem conquered David during SY: yes David moves his seat to Jerusalem af–
– new capital of Juda ter conquest; king at Jerusalem for 33 yrs.
From 1 Aviv 1002BC during SY (nac).
Solomon’s reign: King Solomon’s chronology:
0975BC Ethanim 07/0975 1 year Sabbath Year Israel 07/0975 07/0974 in ‘Exodus Line’, Sabbath Year 88.
0974BC Aviv 01/0974 4 years? Start co-regency, option A
Shlomo 07/0975 07/0974 Possible co-reign David–Solomon, from first anointment: 1 Kings 1:39.
0971BC Aviv 01/0971 1 year? Start co-regency, option B
Shlomo during SY? no. Possible co-reign David–Solomon, from first anointment: 1 Kings 1:39.
0970BC Aviv 01/0970 40 years Start sole reign Shlomo Start sole reign Solomon: 01/970930.
Temple Building:
0968BC Ziv 02/0968 7.5 yrs Start Temple building Shlomo Solomon starts building in year 4<971.
0968BC Ethanim 07/0968 1 year Sabbath Year Israel 07/0968 07/0967 in ‘Exodus Line’, Sabbath Year 89.
0961BC Ethanim 07/0961 1 year Sabbath Year Israel 07/0961 07/0960 in ‘Exodus Line’, Sabbath Year 90.
0961BC Bul 08/0961 7.5 yrs End Temple building Shlomo during SY: yes Solomon ends building in year 11<971.
Such a conformity between the –entirely independ– lines of the David’s & Solomon’s reigns, the Sab-
batical Years, and the Chronology of the Levite Priest Orders is by itself no accident. The chance these alignments are the result of sheer chance are by definition statistically about impossible.
That’s why these 3 Lines confirm each other:
I. The King’s Chronology of King David (1010-970BC) and King Solomon (971-930BC),
II. The Sabbath Years Chronology started at E1590BC with an Exodus date of 01/1629 or 1628BC,
III. The Priestly Orders Chronology started at Ethanim 961BC until 7/10 Av 70AD.
Such a coincidence can be excluded as not historical;
such a conformity confirms this historical chronology!