The Eurostat publications graphical style guide

2011 edition

The Eurostat publications graphical style guide

V i s u a l i d e n t i t y

Contents

The Eurostat logo ................................................................... 5

■■ The Eurostat logo ........................................................................................................6

Eurostat logo and European emblem ..................................................................6Black and white version ........................................................................................6Background colour for the logo ...........................................................................6All language versions ............................................................................................7Positioning of the logo with flag on a page ........................................................8Co-editions .............................................................................................................9Logo usage in very small sizes .............................................................................9Positioning of text with the basic Eurostat logo ................................................9Additional logo ......................................................................................................9Summary of don’ts...............................................................................................10

Eurostat visual identity for Eurostat publication cover pages ........................................ 11

■■ Concept and basic principles ..................................................................................12

■■ Cover components ...................................................................................................13

■■ The series ...................................................................................................................14

Statistical books ...................................................................................................15Methodologies & Working papers .....................................................................18Pocketbooks .........................................................................................................18Compact guides ...................................................................................................18Statistics in focus ................................................................................................18

■■ Eurostat themes ........................................................................................................19

List of themes and translations ..........................................................................19List of theme colours ...........................................................................................19Colour use on cover pages ..................................................................................20

■■ The curves ..................................................................................................................21

Statistical books ...................................................................................................21Methodologies & Working papers .....................................................................22Pocketbooks .........................................................................................................23Compact guides ...................................................................................................23

■■ The images .................................................................................................................24

■■ Font usage on cover pages .......................................................................................25

■■ Commented A4 covers ............................................................................................27

■■ Commented B5 covers .............................................................................................29

■■ Commented A5 covers ............................................................................................30

■■ Commented CD/DVD covers ................................................................................31

■■ Commented CD/DVD inlays .................................................................................32

■■ Commented Pocketbook covers .............................................................................33

■■ Commented Compact guide covers .......................................................................34

■■ Some examples ..........................................................................................................35

uuu Eurostat visual identity for interior pages ................................................................. 37

■■ Colour palettes for graphs and maps .....................................................................38

General colour overview ....................................................................................38The colour palettes in detail ...............................................................................39

■■ Colour usage for graphs and maps .........................................................................48

■■ Font usage in the layout ...........................................................................................67

■■ Page layout — A4 general structure .......................................................................68

A4 page separators ..............................................................................................69A4 main style sheets ............................................................................................70Methodologies & Working papers ....................................................................72

■■ Page layout — B5 general structure .......................................................................74

B5 page separators ...............................................................................................75B5 style sheets ......................................................................................................76

■■ Page layout — Pocketbook general structure .......................................................78

Pocketbook page separators ...............................................................................79Page layout — Landscape pocketbook general structure ...............................80Landscape pocketbook page separators ...........................................................81Pocketbook style sheets (also applicable for A5 publications) ......................82

■■ Page layout — A5 general structure .......................................................................84

A5 page separators ..............................................................................................85

■■ Page layout — Compact guide general structure .................................................86

Compact guide style sheets ................................................................................88Example of Compact guides ..............................................................................89

■■ Tables — best practices ............................................................................................90

■■ Tables — samples ......................................................................................................92

The Eurostat logo

6 Graphical style guide

1 Eurostat logo

Eurostat logo and European emblem

Eurostat, as part of the European Commission, must be recognised as the official author of the publication. This means that both logos — the Eurostat logo and the Commission flag — have to be displayed on the cover. In order to guarantee a harmonised and balanced presentation of both logos, these have been compiled in a specific version made of:

• the Eurostat logo,• the European emblem,• the text ‘European Commission’.

As the ‘European Commission’ text refers to the emblem, it is always aligned right, with the logo. The ‘European Commision’ text, accompanying the logo, can be omitted on multilingual publications, on promotional gadgets or, more generally, if the logo is displayed in a size of less than 11 mm height.

Black and white version

For the black and white version, the blue is replaced by black and the yellow by white.

The logo is inspired by Eurostat’s mission to harmonise data. The wave symbolises the streams of data coming from the Member States, which are harmonised and given added value at Eurostat.

The Eurostat logo

CMYK: C = 100, M = 80, Y = 0, K = 0PMS: Pantone Reflex BlueRGB: R = 0, G = 51, B = 153Web Safe: #039

CMYK: C = 0, M = 0, Y = 100, K = 0PMS: Pantone Process YellowRGB: R = 255, G = 255, B = 0Web Safe: #FF0

Background colour for the logo

When used on a coloured background, the white version should be used. The blue version of the logo should only be used on a white background or on one of very light colours.


1Eurostat logo

All language versions

bg

it

de

mt

es

pt

fr

sl

cs

lt

el

nl

et

ro

ga

sv

da

lv

en

pl

fi

sk

hu


1 Eurostat logo

Further accompanying text

Positioning of the logo with flag on a page

The content of letters should be aligned with the ‘e’ of the Eurostat logo, NOT with the logo itself

As explained above, this version of the logo is aligned on a right axis. For that reason it is recommended to postion the logo on the right. This is also valid for further accompanying text. An exception to this rule is the letterhead, where the logo with flag stands on the left side. In that case, leave enough space between header and letter content.

12

3 4

6789

1011

1718

12

13

1415

16

19

5

50

25

28 28

Caption

1. Directorate: Times 12 pt2. Unit: Times 12 pt; space after: 18 pt

3. Place and date: Times 12 pt; indent: 100 mm4. Ares reference: Times 10 pt; indent: 100 mm

5. Registered: Times 12 pt; small caps

6. Recipient Society: Times 12 pt; indent: 100 mm7. Recipient Name: Times 12 pt; indent: 100 mm8. Recipient Function: Times 12 pt; indent: 100 mm9. Recipient Function: Times 12 pt; indent: 100 mm10. Postal Code + City: Times 12 pt; indent: 100 mm11. Country: Times 12 pt; indent: 100 mm

12. Subject: Times 12 pt; space before: 24 pt; space after: 18 pt

13. Reference: Times 12 pt; space after: 18 pt

14. Salutation: Times 12 pt; space after: 6 pt

15. Body: Times 12 pt; space after: 6 pt

16. Closing: Times 12 pt; space before: 6 pt; space after: 6 pt

17. Signature Name: Times 12 pt; indent: 80 mm; text centred

18. Signature Function: Times 12 pt; indent: 80 mm; text centred

19. Annexes: Times 12 pt; space before: 24 pt


1Eurostat logo

recommandations manual —2nd edition

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Foreign Affi liaTes statistics (FATs)

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Logo usage in very small sizes

To enhance the readability of the logo in very small sizes (< 11 mm high) a more suitable version should be used.

Co-editions

When publishing a co-edition, other logos may need to be displayed next to Eurostat logo. If this is the case, the Eurostat logo will keep its original positioning to stay compliant with the graphical style guide. The logos to be added will be aligned horizontally with the Eurostat logo, but on the left side of the page, keeping a margin equal to the text information displayed on the page (title and edition).

Additional logo

Positioning of text with the basic Eurostat logo

Whereas for the logo version with flag, text is aligned on the right (because of its relation with the flag), when you use the basic version you can fix text to the left as shown in the graphic.

Fonts that can be added are from the Myriad Pro family, or Arial. Size can vary. Take care to use narrow interlinear spacing in order to balance the close position to the logo. The colour must be selected from among the logo shades.

Alitati nus dolesto quassit corumqu amendi int omnihil Uptae in reptatum hicillo riossimus


1 Eurostat logo


Eurostat logo1

Summary of don’ts

the statistical office of the european union

•don’t stretch the logo

•don’t align ‘European Commission’ with ‘eurostat’

•don’t align additional text close below the left axis of the logo

•don’t use the version with the ‘European Commission’ text, for displays under 11 mm height

•don’t use the blue version on bright colours

•don’t change the position of the Eurostat logo to add a co-edition logo

Eurostat visual identity for Eurostat publication cover pages



2

Concept and basic principles

The style guide is built on the idea of ascending curves which stand for movement and evolution. Curves are also representative of Eurostat’s activity: providing harmonised statistics to the users.

Several very simple principles characterise this graphical chart:

■ focus on the announcer■ separation between text and picture elements■ colour-coded thematic organisation■ transparency as a binding element between visual and textual information


Eurostat visual identity for Eurostat publication cover pages 2

Cover componentsAnnouncer Series

ISSN if applicable

Title (title 1 and title 2)

Photo or illustration

Coloured curved areas and lines

Edition (except for yearbooks)

White curved area

Signature

Catalogue number

Front cover photo or illustration

Abstract

Editor

ISBN + barcode (if applicable)

The front and back cover pages are seen as one single file. The visual on the back cover is an extension of the front cover page. The lower right corner is considered as the cover’s ‘starting point’.

COVEr sTArTiNg

pOiNTComplete cover templates are available as InDesign files. If you work with other software, you can use the cover components in AI/PDF format and reconstruct the cover according to the rules laid out on the following pages.

The following elements are available in various formats:

• curves + announcer• signature• ‘abstract’ background• editor logo



2

The seriesThe concept of series makes it possible to distinguish between different types of publications:

■ Statistical books‘Statistical books’ are larger publications (A4, A5, B5 or DVD) with statistical contents that give an overview of statistical topics. They are usually produced for a well-informed audience. A typical example is the Eurostat yearbook.

DE: Statistische Bücher EN: Statistical books FR: Livres statistiques

■ Methodologies & Working papers‘Methodologies & Working papers’ are technical publications (mostly A4) which are mainly consulted by statistical experts. Examples of ‘Methodologies & Working papers’ are data collection guidelines, classifications, comparisons of data collection practices.

■ Pocketbooks‘Pocketbooks’ are free-of-charge publications providing a set of basic figures on a specific topic. Pocketbooks aim at a large distribution, but should also encourage the user to look for additional information in more technical publications or on the website. A typical example of a pocketbook is the Key figures on Europe.

■ Compact guides‘Compact guides’ are leaflets produced to provide a basic overview of data, publications and possibly other information sources in a specific statistical domain. They are primarily a marketing tool aimed at informing potential users about available data and tools; their primary purpose should not be the data dissemination.

DE: Kompaktführer EN: Compact guides FR: Guides compacts

■ Statistics in focus‘Statistics in focus’ are short analytical publications on a specific statistical topic. Readers should have good background knowledge, but these publications may also be of interest for journalists.

DE: Statistik kurzgefasst EN: Statistics in focus FR: Statistiques en bref



The different series are presented on the cover pages as ‘eurostat’ series, in order to emphasise Eurostat’s role as an announcer and as the author of the publications. Eurostat stands for harmonisation and objectivity. It should be recognised as a reference for statistical information.

Statistical books

A4 versions

s t a t i s t i c a l b o o k s

✃

Upper right cover edge

Bleed: 3 mm

{These two elements can be found on the InDesign templates and on the AI/PDF cover pictures.

Font Myriad Pro Bold

Size 13.5 pt

Leading 17 pt

Kerning Optical

Tracking EN: 260 / DE: 170 / FR: 190

Justification Justify all lines

To be placed 22 mm from the top edge

s t a t i s t i s c h e B ü c h e r

L i v r e s s t a t i s t i q u e s

German translation

French translation

The detailed positioning of the described components can be found in the section ’Commented covers’!



2

B5 versions


Size 13.5 pt

Leading 15 pt

Kerning Optical

Tracking EN: 140 / DE: 60/ FR: 90


These two elements can be found on the InDesign templates and on the AI/PDF cover pictures.


statistische Bücher

Livres statistiques

✃



{



A5 versions


Size 13.5 pt

Leading 15 pt

Kerning Optical



German translation

French translation

st at ist ical book s

✃



statistische Bücher

Livres statistiques

Bleed: 3 mm

{These two elements can be found on the InDesign templates and on the AI/PDF cover pictures.


✃

To be placed 16 mm from the top and 10 mm from the right edge

Upper right cover edge{These two elements can be found on the InDesign templates and on the AI/PDF cover pictures.

Bleed: 3 mm on both sides

s t a t i s t i s c h e B ü c h e r

L i v r e s s t a t i s t i q u e s


Size 10 pt

Leading 11 pt

Kerning Optical



German translation

French translation

CD and DVD versions



2

Compact guides

Pocketbooks

Compact guides

✃

✃



Bleed: 3 mm

Bleed: 3 mm



pocketbooks


Size 13.5 pt

Leading 15 pt

Kerning Optical

Tracking 50

Justification Align left


Size 12 pt

Leading 15 pt

Kerning Optical

Tracking 40

Justification Align left

{

{

Statistics in focus

These publications are ‘in-house products’. They are created on the basis of Word template which will be provided as such, ready to use. For information, a specific style guide is available for this collection.

Methodologies & Working papers


✃




Size 13.5 pt

Leading 17 pt

Kerning Optical

Tracking Line 1: 310Line 2: 350


Methodologies & Working papers are only disseminated in PDF format based on A4!

As electronic only, no bleed !



Eurostat themesEurostat statistics cover a wide range of topics. These topics are organised in nine different themes reflecting a statistical category. Each publication refers to one of these themes.

In order to visually distinguish the nine different themes, they are symbolised by different colours. The colours chosen for the themes are all medium tones, so that black text as well as white text, used with these colours, remains readable.

List of themes and translations

German English French

Theme 1 Allgemeine und Regionalstatistiken General and regional statistics Statistiques générales et régionales

Theme 2 Wirtschaft und Finanzen Economy and finance Economie et finances

Theme 3 Bevölkerung und soziale Bedingungen Population and social conditions Population et conditions sociales

Theme 4 Industrie, Handel und Dienstleistungen Industry, trade and services Industrie, commerce et services

Theme 5 Landwirtschaft und Fischerei Agriculture and fisheries Agriculture et pêche

Theme 6 Außenhandel External trade Commerce extérieur

Theme 7 Verkehr Transport Transports

Theme 8 Umwelt und Energie Environment and energy Environnement et énergie

Theme 9 Wissenschaft und Technologie Science and technology Science et technologie

List of theme colours

Alternative

ThEME 1 ThEME 2 ThEME 3 ThEME 4 ThEME 5 ThEME 6 ThEME 7 ThEME 8 ThEME 9

Theme colour

PMS value

CMYK

2715 258 130 299 369 187 409 326 165

554500

437500

030

1000

852000

600

1007

01008020

0131545

900

400

060

1000



2

The use of these colours on the cover pages strongly contributes to the identification of Eurostat’s publications. They are founding elements of the graphic charter. The cover transmits a monochromatic colour harmony including different theme colour shadings as well as the theme colour with 40 % black added.

Colour use on cover pages

CMYK

55450

40

43750

40

030

10040

85200

40

600

10047

01008060

0131585

900

4040

060

10040

To modify the theme colour in the InDesign template you just need to update the theme colours in the colour palette, with the abovementioned values.




The curvesThe curves represent the major identification element of the publications’ cover pages. The principle consists in a picture hidden by a ‘curve’ composition. We distinguish coloured curved areas (opaque and transparent) and curved lines. Their designs differ a little from one series to another, but the common element is that they are always ascendant.

Statistical books

White

Theme colour: 30 %

Picture

Theme colour: 100 %opacity: 70 %

Theme colour: 85 %Theme colour: 100 %

White

Theme colour: 50 %

Theme colour: 100 %

A4, B5 and A5 publications offer the same colour combination but have a slightly different design. Hence, the graphical style guide includes specific files for B5 and A5 publications. None of these formats is a reduction of the A4 format.

paper publications



2

CD and DVD covers, inlays and labels

White

Theme colour: 30 %

Picture


Theme colour: 100 %

Theme colour: 50 %

paper publications


White

Theme colour: 55 %

Theme colour: 70 %

Theme colour: 85 %Theme colour : 100 %

White

Theme colour: 50 %

Theme colour+ black: 100 %

Theme colour: 100 %

Theme colour: 30 %

Theme colour: 85 %


Theme colour: 50 %

White

Title 1Title 2

S t a t i s t i c a l b o o k s

2009 edition

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mun

ities

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White Theme colour: 50 %

Theme colour + black: 100 %

Theme colour: 100 %

White

Theme colour: 90 %

Theme colour: 50 %



Pocketbooks

Compact guides


Theme colour: 50 %

Theme colour: 100 %

Theme colour: 40 %

Theme colour: 10 %

Theme colour: 5 %

White

Theme colour: 30 %

Picture




Theme colour: 100 %

Gradient light or dark to transparent (to contrast series)

Picture

White opacity: 65-75 %

Theme colour + 10K: 80 %



White




2

The imagesThe images used on cover pages should be subject related. The restriction to one single photograph is required. When the subject of a publication is too abstract or too wide to refer to one single photograph, you can opt for non-figurative or conceptual images; pictures related to statistics or illustrations. Photo combinations are not in conformity with the graphical charter. If you want to show different subjects in one visual, choose an illustration with a coherent design.

The designer should pay attention that the focus of a picture is visible in the upper part of the cover page (i.e. it shouldn’t be hidden by the curves).

A photomontage would conflict with the clear lines of the graphical style guide.

© Copyright

It is obligatory to add a disclaimer for the photo used on the cover if the photo is protected by copyright. The disclaimer should be displayed on the inside cover of the publication.



Font usage on cover pages

Myriad Pro is a sans serif font, developed in the 1990s. Compared to other fonts, Myriad Pro offers a wide rage of additional glyphs of high interest for statistical publications on the European Union. It contains:

■ Greek and Cyrillic alphabets■ the euro symbol■ proportional lining figures ■ diagonal fractions ■ superscript/subscript ■ ordinals and superior letters

Myriad Pro is an OpenType font, which means that it is cross-platform compatible (same font files for Macintosh and PCs).

Myriad Pro



2

Myriad Pro Light CondensedABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789

Myriad Pro Light Condensed ItalicABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789

Myriad Pro CondensedABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789

Myriad Pro Condensed ItalicABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789

Myriad pro semibold condensedaBcDefGhiJKlMnopQrstuVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789

Myriad Pro Semibold Condensed ItalicABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789

Myriad Pro Bold CondensedABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789

Myriad Pro Bold Condensed ItalicABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789

Myriad Pro Black CondensedABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789

Myriad Pro Black Condensed ItalicABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789

Myriad Pro LightABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789

Myriad Pro Light ItalicABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789

Myriad Pro RegularABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789

Myriad Pro ItalicABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789

Myriad Pro SemiboldABCDEFGhIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789

Myriad Pro Semibold ItalicABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789

Myriad pro BoldABCDEFgHiJKLMNOpQrsTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789

Myriad Pro Bold ItalicABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789

Myriad Pro BlackABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789

Myriad Pro Black ItalicABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789

The Myriad Pro family includes condensed, normal, and extended widths in a full range of weights. This increases layout possibilities for the interior pages. Titles on the cover pages always appear in Myriad pro Bold.

Myriad Pro Light SemiExtendedABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789

Myriad Pro Light SemiExtended ItalicABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789

Myriad Pro SemiExtendedABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789

Myriad Pro SemiExtended ItalicABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789

Myriad Pro Semibold SemiExtendedABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789

Myriad Pro Semibold SemiExtended ItalicABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789

Myriad Pro Bold SemiExtendedABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789

Myriad Pro Bold SemiExtended ItalicABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789

Myriad Pro Black SemiExtendedABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789

Myriad Pro Black SemiExtended ItalicABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789



Commented A4 covers

Front cover format: 210 mm × 297 mmStatistical books

style sheets Font Size Leading Justification Vertical just. Space after Colour

Front title 1 (1) Myriad Pro Bold 22 pt (30 pt (2)) 25 pt left bottom — theme + 40 % K

Front title 2 (1) Myriad Pro Bold 16 pt 18 pt left top — theme

Front edition Myriad Pro Bold 16 pt — left bottom — white

Back title 1 Myriad Pro Bold 16 pt 18 pt left top 2 mm theme + 40 % K

Back title 2 Myriad Pro Bold 14 pt 16 pt left — 3 mm theme

Back abstract text Myriad Pro Regular 10 pt 12 pt left — 3 mm 70 % K

Spine title 1 + 2 Myriad Pro Bold 12 pt 14 pt left centred — theme + 40 % K

Spine edition (3) Myriad Pro Bold 12 pt — right centred — white

Identifiers Myriad Pro Regular 9 pt — left top — 100 % K

(1) Present titles on two lines to avoid full width text line.

(2) If ‘front title 1’ contains fewer than 5 words or 30 characters.

(3) The last two digits of annual publications should be displayed in a different colour from year to year. Choose a light colour that is in use on the front cover page.

Rilis augiati siscilit venis nim

2008 edition

Exer in vulla faci blamconse euis nibh el utat dip ex elestisim

KS-CD-06-001-EN

-C




ISSN 1681-4789

Price (excluding VAT) in Luxembourg: EUR 30

Exer in vulla faci blamconse euis nibh el utat dip ex elestisimRilis augiati siscilit venis nimEurope in figures - Eurostat yearbook 2006-07 presents a comprehensive selection of statistical data on the European Union, its Member States and candidate countries. Most data cover the period 1995-2005 and some data include other countries such as the USA and Japan. With almost 400 statistical tables, graphs and maps, the yearbook treats areas such as population, education, health, living conditions and welfare, the labour market, the economy, international trade, industry and services, science and technology, the environment, agriculture, forestry and fisheries, and European regions. This edition’s spotlight chapter deals with energy statistics.

A new data code (for example, ‘TEN00076’) has been inserted above many graphs and tables in the yearbook. This code allows the reader to easily find on the Eurostat website the most recent data related to the table or graph. For more details, consult the section on the new Eurostat code in the introduction.

A CD-ROM includes the electronic version of the yearbook in PDF format as well as all tables and graphs in spreadsheet format and further information.

The yearbook may be viewed as an introduction to European statistics and provides guidance to the vast range of data freely available from the Eurostat website at

http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat

200

7 ed

ition

Exer in vulla faci blamconse

euis nibh el utat dip ex elestisim

2008 edition

editio

n

KS-CD-06-001-EN

-C


30 55 21

S t a t i s t i c a l b o o k sS t a t i s t i c a l b o o k s

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Europe in figures - Eurostat yearbook 2006-07 a comprehensive selection of statistical data on the

countries. Most data cover the period 1995-2005 and some data include other countries such as the USA and Japan. With almost 400 statistical tables, graphs and maps, the yearbook treats areas such as population, education, health, living conditions and welfare, the labour market, the economy, international trade, industry and services, science and technology, the environment, agriculture, forestry and fisheries, and

with energy statistics.

A new data code (for example, ‘TEN00076’) has been inserted above many graphs and tables in the yearbook. This code allows the reader to easily find on the Eurostat website the most recent data related to the table or graph. For more details, consult the section on the new



3

60 x 35

Rilis augiati siscilit venis nim 6





23



2

Front cover format: 210 mm × 297 mmMethodologies & Working papers


2010 edition


KS-CD-06-001-EN

-C




ISSN 1681-4789

200

8 ed

ition

Exer in vulla faci blamconse euis nibh el utat dip ex elestisimRilis augiati siscilit venis nim Europe in figures - Eurostat yearbook 2006-07 presents a comprehensive selection of statistical data on the European Union, its Member States and candidate countries. Most data cover the period 1995-2005 and some data include other countries such as the USA and Japan. With almost 400 statistical tables, graphs and maps, the yearbook treats areas such as population, education, health, living conditions and welfare, the labour market, the economy, international trade, industry and services, science and technology, the environment, agriculture, forestry and fisheries, and European regions. This edition’s spotlight chapter deals with energy statistics.







2010 edition


ISSN 1681-4789

euis nibh el utat dip ex elestisimeuis nibh el utat dip ex elestisim

M e t h o d o l o g i e s &

30 55 21

M e t h o d o l o g i e s & M e t h o d o l o g i e s &

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Front title 1(1) Myriad Pro Bold 22 pt (30 pt(2)) 25 pt left bottom — theme + 40 % K

Front title 2(1) Myriad Pro Bold 16 pt 18 pt left top — theme




Back abstract text Myriad Pro Regular 10 pt 12 pt left — 3 mm 70 % K

Spine title 1 + 2 Myriad Pro Bold 12 pt 14 pt left centred — theme + 40 % K

Spine edition Myriad Pro Bold 12 pt — right centred — white




All the components displayed on a blue background in the table are optional for Methodologies & Working papers. If they are not available the backgrounds foreseen for those elements should be deleted.



Commented B5 covers








Back abstract text Myriad Pro Regular 9 pt 10.8 pt left — 3 mm 70 % K

Spine title 1 + 2 Myriad Pro Bold 10.5 pt 12.5 pt left centred — theme + 40 % K

Spine edition(3) Myriad Pro Bold 10.5pt — right centred — white







2008 edition


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Europe in figures - Eurostat yearbook 2006-07 presents a comprehensive selection of statistical data on the European Union, its Member States and candidate countries. Most data cover the period 1995-2005 and some data includhealth, living conditions and welfare, the labour market, the economy, international trade, industry and services, science and technology, the environment, agriculture, forestry and fisheries, and European regions. This edition’s spotlight chapter deals with energy statistics.





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ISSN 1725-5821




2008 editio

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2009 edition

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Title 1Title 2


2009 edition

Publications Office XX-00-00-XXX-0X-X

©

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X

The labels have been created in Adobe Illustrator. They are made up of a partial white background with a four-colour print, which makes five printing colours. Templates are available for all theme colours. Texts should be replaced in the Illustrator file in accordance with the existing text layers, if possible.



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Compact guidesData are available FREE OF CHARGE on the Eurostat website:ec.europa.eu/eurostat

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Internet phrase Myriad Pro Bold 8.5 pt 9.5 pt left top — white

Internet address Myriad Pro Bold 8.5 pt 9.5 pt left top — white

Identifiers Myriad Pro Regular 8 pt — right top — 100 % K

(1) Try to fix text on light background. Use a forced line break, if necessary, to do so.

(2) If ‘front title 1’ contains fewer 5 words or 30 characters.

First interior page Cover page



Some examples


Eurostat visual identity for interior pages 3

Eurostat visual identity for interior pages


Eurostat visual identity for interior pages3

Colour palettes for graphs and maps

The use of colour in graphs constitutes an essential element for their comprehension.

Almost all Eurostat publications are available in electronic format (PDF). Therefore, the colours used in the graphs and maps should guarantee the visibility of the data in greyscale if printed in black and white.

That’s why for each theme colour a corresponding colour harmony has been created. These harmonies are made up of hot and cold, and clear and dark colours, in order to answer not only the question of interpretation but also the question of visibility.

Each harmony is presented in a colour palette including the equivalents in greyscale. Each colour harmony can be enriched by adding black to the harmony colours. This makes it possible for users to choose each shade according to their needs.

Alternative

General colour overview


Theme colour

Main

secondary colour

Additional accompanying

colours



The colour palettes in detail

20 40 60 80 100 60 70 80 90 100 %

%

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 %PMS 382C30/M0/Y100/K0

C100/M90/Y0/K0

C4/M5/Y45/K0

C75/M35/Y100/K0

C60/M90/Y100/K0

C30/M85/Y100/K0

PMS 2715C55/M45/Y0/K0

PMS 2715C55/M45/Y0/K0

PMS 382C30/M0/Y100/K0

Greyscale value

Theme 1

10 22 33 42 51 53 60 67 73 80

2 4 7 9 10 13 15 18 21 26

1 1.5 2 3 4 7 9 10 11 12

7 16 24 32 38 45 51 57 61 64

11 23 33 42 49 57 64 69 75 80

9 18 27 34 41 48 55 60 65 70

+ 10K + 20K + 30K + 40K + 50K

58 63 67 71 75

Theme 1



%

%

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

PMS 258C43/M75/Y0/K0 C10/M20/Y65/K0

+ 10K + 20K + 30K + 40K + 50K

Theme 2

66 70 73 77 80

C10/M20/Y65/K0

C0/M30/Y65/K30

C55/M90/Y0/K35

C100/M100/Y0/K0

PMS 258C43/M75/Y0/K0

Greyscale value6 13 20 25 31 37 43 49 54 60

2 5 8 11 15 17 20 22 25 27

6 13 19 25 30 35 40 44 48 52

12 24 34 43 51 58 64 69 74 80

10 21 32 41 50 58 65 73 80 87

Theme 2



%

%

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

PMS 130C0/M30/Y100/K0

PMS 302C100/M25/Y0/K50

Theme 3

PMS 302C100/M25/Y0/K50

C0/M2/Y55/K0

C0/M45/Y50/K15

C40/M80/Y45/K40

PMS 130C0/M30/Y100/K0

Greyscale value3 6 10 13 16 18 21 25 26 28

13 25 36 46 53 60 65 71 75 78

0.5 1 1.5 2 5 6 7 8 9 9.5

5 11 17 22 26 31 35 39 42 46

13 25 35 45 53 59 65 70 74 78

+ 15K + 30K + 45K + 60K + 75K

39 50 59 70 81

Theme 3



%

%

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

PMS 299C85/M20/Y0/K0

PMS 513C45/M85/Y0/K0

Theme 4

PMS 513C45/M85/Y0/K0

C90/M65/Y0/K10

C50/M0/Y35/K10

C25/M0/Y45/K0

PMS 130C85/M20/Y0/K0

5 12 18 25 31 36 42 46 50 54

7 15 22 28 35 41 48 54 60 66

9 19 29 37 44 52 58 63 69 74

4 7 10 13 16 20 24 28 31 35

1 2 4 5 6 7 9 10 11 12

Greyscale value

+ 10K + 20K + 30K + 40K + 50K

57 62 66 70 75

Theme 4



%

%

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

PMS 369C60/M0/Y100/K7

PMS 459C6/M7/Y55/K0

Theme 5

PMS 459C6/M7/Y55/K0

C0/M65/Y95/K20

C70/M0/Y40/K60

C0/M25/Y65/K25

PMS 369C60/M0/Y100/K7

4 8 12 16 20 25 31 36 42 45

1 2 3 5 8 10 11 13 15 16

8 16 24 30 36 42 47 53 57 61

11 21 30 38 47 54 60 65 70 74

5 11 16 21 26 31 35 39 43 47

Greyscale value

+ 10K + 20K + 30K + 40K + 50K

49 55 61 66 71

Theme 5



%

%

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

PMS 187C0/M100/Y80/K20

PMS 652C50/M25/Y0/K10

Theme 6

PMS 652C50/M25/Y0/K10

C60/M35/Y0/K70

C10/M20/Y45/K5

C15/M15/Y0/K55

PMS 187C0/M100/Y80/K20

10 20 28 36 43 50 56 60 64 68

5 10 16 21 27 32 36 40 44 47

13 26 36 45 53 60 66 72 77 81

3 5 9 12 15 19 22 24 27 30

8 15 23 30 36 42 47 52 56 61

Greyscale value

+ 10K + 20K + 30K + 40K + 50K

72 76 80 83 86

Theme 6



%

%

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

PMS 409C0/M13/Y15/K45

PMS 5493C43/M0/Y15/K20

Theme 7

PMS 5493C43/M0/Y15/K20

C52/M100/Y32/K0

C90/M0/Y30/K50

C60/M70/Y50/K40

PMS 409C0/M13/Y15/K45

6 12 18 24 29 34 38 43 47 51

5 9 14 18 22 26 30 35 39 42

10 21 31 39 47 54 60 67 73 78

11 20 30 40 47 54 60 65 69 73

16 26 37 46 54 60 66 71 75 79

Greyscale value

+ 10K + 20K + 30K + 40K + 50K

58 65 72 87 96

Theme 7



%

%

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

PMS 326C90/M0/Y40/K0

PMS 527C73/M100/Y0/K0

Theme 8

PMS 527C73/M100/Y0/K0

C75/M55/Y0/K0

C15/M5/Y100/K0

C30/M0/Y65/K0

PMS 326C90/M0/Y40/K0

4 8 12 16 21 26 31 36 42 47

9 18 28 36 45 53 60 68 75 81

6 14 22 29 35 42 47 53 58 63

1 3 7 9 12 14 16 19 22 23

1 3 5 6 8 9 11 12 14 16

Greyscale value

+ 10K + 20K + 30K + 40K + 50K

53 58 63 67 72

Theme 8



%

%

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

PMS 165C0/M60/Y100/K0

PMS 534C100/M80/Y30/K50

Theme 9

PMS 534C100/M80/Y30/K50

C0/M80/Y100/K30

C100/M10/Y0/K30

C0/M30/Y90/K0

PMS 165C0/M60/Y100/K0

5 11 16 21 25 28 32 36 41 46

11 24 35 44 52 60 66 73 78 84

12 21 29 36 42 49 55 59 63 67

10 20 29 37 45 51 56 59 65 69

3 6 9 13 16 18 20 23 25 28

Greyscale value

+ 10K + 20K + 30K + 40K + 50K

49 55 60 65 71

Theme 9



Colour usage for graphs and mapsThe use of colour in graphs constitutes an essential element for their comprehension. It has to respect the general look and feel, but it must also be consistent in the way it refers to the content.

The principle is as follows:■ The theme colour remains the dominant colour.■ This colour will be initially accompanied by a ‘main’ secondary colour.■ The other colours of the palette will be used according to need.

Concretely:■ A graph containing one colour will use the theme colour.■ A graph containing two colours will use the theme colour and the ‘principle’ secondary colour.■ A graph with more than two colours can include the other shades of the palette displayed below.■ If still more shadings are needed, black can be added to the colours in order to darken them.

Alternative


Theme colour

Main

secondary colour

Additional accompanying

colours

GENERAL RULES FOR GRAPHS DISPLAYS> Create your graphs in original size according to the styles defined on pages 70‑88. This avoids

resizing and guarantees the display of graphs in same proportions throughout the publication.

> Be consistent, as far as possible, in the proportions used and in the choice made for graph elements (spacing and column width of histograms; choice of markers in line graphs, size of pie charts, spacing and display of the legends, etc.).

> The orientation of a graph should not change on facing pages (the y‑axis is always on the left).

!

FemaleMale

Male Female

0

50

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200

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Isch

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Chro

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Male Female

60

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Pneumonia

Nervous system

Accidents

Ischaemic heart diseases

Cancer (malignant neoplasms)

20072006200520042003200220012000

strokesNo vertical axes

Separation lines:stroke width: 0.4 ptstroke colour: 30 % K dotted 3 to 2

Baselinestroke width: 1 ptstroke colour: 100 % K

Note: If the horizontal space is limited, the complete graph can be rotated anticlockwise 90° (e.g. Pocketbooks)

Data stroke width: 2 pt



graph models — Theme 1

0

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Volendit

Sequat

20052004200320022001200019991998199719961995

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30

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Lumsand Wisi Sequat Volendit

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Velendit

20052004200320022001200019991998199719961995

EU-2

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Belg

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Bulg

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Cze

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Den

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Ger

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Esto

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Irel

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Spai

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Fran

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Ital

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Cyp

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Latv

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Lith

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Luxe

mb

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Hun

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Mal

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Net

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Aus

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Pola

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Port

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Rom

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Slov

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Slov

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Finl

and

Swed

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Uni

ted

King

dom

Sequat etum36 %

Lumsand36 %

Modo con vulla25 %

Tatuero13 %

Volendit7 %

Magna, 1 %Conollu, 5 %

Nisl enhib, 1 %

Sequat etum, 31 % Lumsand, 10 %

Modo con vulla, 24 %

Tatuero, 19 %

Volendit, 3 %

strokes for pie chart boxstroke width: 0.4 pt stroke colour: 30 % K




Volendit

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Sequat

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Bulg

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Ger

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Irel

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Spai

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Fran

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Ital

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Cyp

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Latv

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Lith

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Luxe

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Hun

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Net

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Aus

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Pola

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Port

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Slov

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Slov

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Finl

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Uni

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King

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Sequat etum36 %

Lumsand36 %

Modo con vulla25 %

Tatuero13 %

Volendit7 %


Nisl enhib, 1 %



Tatuero, 19 %

Volendit, 3 %



graph models — Theme 2 graph models — Theme 3

0

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20052004200320022001200019991998199719961995

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20052004200320022001200019991998199719961995

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Luxe

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Hun

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Pola

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Slov

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Slov

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Finl

and

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Uni

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King

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Sequat etum36 %

Lumsand36 %

Modo con vulla25 %

Tatuero13 %

Volendit7 %


Nisl enhib, 1 %



Tatuero, 19 %

Volendit, 3 %




Volendit

Sequat

0

5

10

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120

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Sequat

Velendit

-15

-10

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0

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10

15

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20052004200320022001200019991998199719961995

EU-2

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Belg

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Bulg

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Cze

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Den

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Ger

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Esto

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Irel

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Spai

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Fran

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Ital

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Latv

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Lith

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Luxe

mb

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Hun

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Mal

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Net

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Aus

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Slov

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Slov

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Finl

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Uni

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King

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Sequat etum36 %

Lumsand36 %

Modo con vulla25 %

Tatuero13 %

Volendit7 %


Nisl enhib, 1 %



Tatuero, 19 %

Volendit, 3 %




0

5

10

15

20

Volendit

Sequat

20052004200320022001200019991998199719961995

0

30

60

90

120

150


-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

20 Sequat

Velendit

20052004200320022001200019991998199719961995

EU-2

7

Belg

ium

Bulg

aria

Cze

ch R

epub

lic

Den

mar

k

Ger

man

y

Esto

nia

Irel

and

Gre

ece

Spai

n

Fran

ce

Ital

y

Cyp

rus

Latv

ia

Lith

uani

a

Luxe

mb

ourg

Hun

gary

Mal

ta

Net

herl

ands

Aus

tria

Pola

nd

Port

ugal

Rom

ania

Slov

enia

Slov

akia

Finl

and

Swed

en

Uni

ted

King

dom

Sequat etum36 %

Lumsand36 %

Modo con vulla25 %

Tatuero13 %

Volendit7 %


Nisl enhib, 1 %



Tatuero, 19 %

Volendit, 3 %




Volendit

Sequat

0

5

10

15

20

20052004200320022001200019991998199719961995

0

30

60

90

120

150


Sequat

Velendit

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

20

20052004200320022001200019991998199719961995

EU-2

7

Belg

ium

Bulg

aria

Cze

ch R

epub

lic

Den

mar

k

Ger

man

y

Esto

nia

Irel

and

Gre

ece

Spai

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Fran

ce

Ital

y

Cyp

rus

Latv

ia

Lith

uani

a

Luxe

mb

ourg

Hun

gary

Mal

ta

Net

herl

ands

Aus

tria

Pola

nd

Port

ugal

Rom

ania

Slov

enia

Slov

akia

Finl

and

Swed

en

Uni

ted

King

dom

Sequat etum36 %

Lumsand36 %

Modo con vulla25 %

Tatuero13 %

Volendit7 %


Nisl enhib, 1 %



Tatuero, 19 %

Volendit, 3 %




0

5

10

15

20

Volendit

Sequat

20052004200320022001200019991998199719961995

0

30

60

90

120

150


-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

20 Sequat

Velendit

20052004200320022001200019991998199719961995

EU-2

7

Belg

ium

Bulg

aria

Cze

ch R

epub

lic

Den

mar

k

Ger

man

y

Esto

nia

Irel

and

Gre

ece

Spai

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Fran

ce

Ital

y

Cyp

rus

Latv

ia

Lith

uani

a

Luxe

mb

ourg

Hun

gary

Mal

ta

Net

herl

ands

Aus

tria

Pola

nd

Port

ugal

Rom

ania

Slov

enia

Slov

akia

Finl

and

Swed

en

Uni

ted

King

dom

Sequat etum36 %

Lumsand36 %

Modo con vulla25 %

Tatuero13 %

Volendit7 %


Nisl enhib, 1 %



Tatuero, 19 %

Volendit, 3 %




Volendit

Sequat

0

5

10

15

20

20052004200320022001200019991998199719961995

0

30

60

90

120

150


Sequat

Velendit

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

20

20052004200320022001200019991998199719961995

EU-2

7

Belg

ium

Bulg

aria

Cze

ch R

epub

lic

Den

mar

k

Ger

man

y

Esto

nia

Irel

and

Gre

ece

Spai

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Fran

ce

Ital

y

Cyp

rus

Latv

ia

Lith

uani

a

Luxe

mb

ourg

Hun

gary

Mal

ta

Net

herl

ands

Aus

tria

Pola

nd

Port

ugal

Rom

ania

Slov

enia

Slov

akia

Finl

and

Swed

en

Uni

ted

King

dom

Sequat etum36 %

Lumsand36 %

Modo con vulla25 %

Tatuero13 %

Volendit7 %


Nisl enhib, 1 %



Tatuero, 19 %

Volendit, 3 %




0

5

10

15

20

Volendit

Sequat

20052004200320022001200019991998199719961995

0

30

60

90

120

150


-15

-10

- 5

0

5

10

15

20 Sequat

Velendit

20052004200320022001200019991998199719961995

EU-2

7

Belg

ium

Bulg

aria

Cze

ch R

epub

lic

Den

mar

k

Ger

man

y

Esto

nia

Irel

and

Gre

ece

Spai

n

Fran

ce

Ital

y

Cyp

rus

Latv

ia

Lith

uani

a

Luxe

mb

ourg

Hun

gary

Mal

ta

Net

herl

ands

Aus

tria

Pola

nd

Port

ugal

Rom

ania

Slov

enia

Slov

akia

Finl

and

Swed

en

Uni

ted

King

dom

Sequat etum36 %

Lumsand36 %

Modo con vulla25 %

Tatuero13 %

Volendit7 %


Nisl enhib, 1 %



Tatuero, 19 %

Volendit, 3 %



Map model — Theme 1

MAPS STROKE WEIGHT

Stroke definition for maps is based on maps included in A4 publications.

In that case:100 % width of maps = 174 mmNUTS 0 strokes = 0.75 ptNUTS 1 and/or 2 = 0.32 pt

For B5 publications just resize the map to a width of 141 mm. This corresponds to a reduction of 81 %.

!174 mm



























Font usage in the layout

In order to expand the style-sheet possibilities Minion Pro (serif font) has been chosen to create contrast with Myriad Pro (sans serif font already used on cover pages). Minion Pro offers the same advantages as Myriad Pro in terms of cross-platform compatibility and variety of glyphs. It also offers a wide range of different styles.

Minion Pro CondensedABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789

Minion Pro Condensed ItalicABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789

Minion Pro Semibold CondensedABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789

Minion Pro Semibold Condensed ItalicABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789

Minion Pro Bold CondensedABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789

Minion Pro Bold Condensed ItalicABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789

Minion Pro RegularABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789

Minion Pro ItalicABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789

Minion Pro SemiboldABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789

Minion Pro Semibold ItalicABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789

Minion Pro BoldABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789

Minion Pro Bold ItalicABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789

Myriad Pro and Minion Pro

Minion Pro will be used mainly for body texts, whereas Myriad Pro will be used in titles, tables, graphs and highlighted text in panels.

FONT USAGE FOR LAYOUT WITH OFFICE AUTOMATION SOFTWARE

Many Eurostat publications are produced in‑house with office automation software. That can have direct consequence on the font usage. Myriad Pro and Minion Pro are licensed fonts used for professional design. They are not installed by default on computers.

For that reason it is recommended to replace Myriad Pro and Minion Pro, as follows, by default fonts installed on all computers.

Change Myriad Pro to Arial.Change Minion Pro to Times.

All other paragraph style information will be taken over from the descriptions on the following pages.

!



Page layout — A4 general structureThe structure of the page is based on a multiple column layout. With 12 columns the layout offers a wide range of possibilities:

1

18 Publication title

Chapter title Chapter title 1

1� Publication title

15

35

21

1412

818

1


Chapter title Chapter title 1


19 21

These first two layouts are the preferred options.One or two columns for the body of the text and one small column for captions, highlight information, illustrations, footnotes(*), etc

(*) Valid only for one-column layout

If needed you can opt for two or three full-width columns. This can be used for magazines, for example.

NB:Never use a full-width one-column layout. Text lines would be too long and difficult to read.

Gutter: 4.5 mm



A4 page separators

Part separator number:

Font: Minion Pro BoldSize: 150 pt Alignment: leftColour: theme 100 %

Part separator title:

Font: Myriad Pro BoldSize/leading: 28 pt (one line)

20/22 pt (two lines or more)

Alignment: leftColour: white

Chapter separator number:

Font: Myriad Pro BoldSize: 130 pt Alignment: rightColour: hole in curved shape

Chapter separator title:



Alignment: leftColour: theme + 40 % K

Double-page alternative:Background colour: theme 50 %

Shape background colour: theme 50 %

The curved shapes including chapter numbers are available as EPS files or as graphic elements collected in an Adobe InDesign library.


A lighter version without photo is conceivable. In that case, replace

the photo by the theme colour (shading 50 %).



Styl

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Fon

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SEPA

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separator part roman number I Minion Pro Bold 150 left theme 100 %

separator part sample Myriad Pro Bold 20 22 leftwhite on theme 50 %

separator part 1 line sam. Myriad Pro Bold 28 leftwhite on theme 50 %

separator chapter sample Myriad Pro Bold 20 22 lefttheme + 40K 100 %

separator chapter 1 line sam. Myriad Pro Bold 28 left

theme + 40K 100 %

hEA

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footer folio even 00 Myriad Pro Light 12 right 3 K 100 %

footer folio odd 00 Myriad Pro Light 12 left 3 K 100 %

footer publication title even Sample Myriad Pro Light 9.5 11 right K 60 %

footer publication title odd Sample Myriad Pro Light 9.5 11 left K 60 %

header chapter number even 1 Myriad Pro Bold 30 right 2

white on theme 100 %

header chapter number odd 1 Myriad Pro Bold 30 left 2

white on theme 100 %

header chapter title even Sample Myriad Pro Light 12 14 left theme 100 %

header chapter title odd Sample Myriad Pro Light 12 14 right theme 100 %

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A4 main style sheets

REMINDERFor MS Word‑based layouts:

change Myriad Pro to Arial

change Minion Pro to Times



Styl

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Sam

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Fon

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Lead

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Alig

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BO

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body text Sample Minion Pro Regular 10 11.8 justifi ed 2 K 100 %

body list • Sample Minion Pro Regular 10 11.8 justifi ed 12 ‑ 3 2 K 100 %

body title 1 Sample Myriad Pro Regular 20 22 left 8 3theme + 40K 100 %

body title 2 Sample Myriad Pro Regular 14 16 left 3 3 theme 100 %

body title 3 sample Myriad Pro Bold 11 13 left 2 2theme + 40K 100 %

body title 4 SampleMyriad Pro Semibold Italic

10 11.8 left 2 2theme + 40K 100 %

body title 5 Sample Minion Pro Bold 10 11.8 left 2 2 K 100 %

panel title SAMPLE Myriad Pro Regular 12 14 left 2 2theme + 40K 100 % on theme 10 %

panel text Sample Myriad Pro Light 10 11.8 justifi ed 2K 100 %on theme 10 %

footnote (1) Sample Myriad Pro Light 6.5 7.5 left 3 ‑ 3 (2) 2 K 100 %

TAB

LES,

GR

AP

hS

AN

D M

AP

S (4 )

table header 1 sample Myriad Pro Bold 9 10.5 centred K 100 %

table header 2 Sample Myriad Pro Semibold 9 10.5 centred K 100 %

table header 3 Sample Myriad Pro Regular 9 10.5 centred K 100 %

table 1st column 1 Sample Myriad Pro Semibold 9 10.5 left K 100 %

table 1st column 2 Sample Myriad Pro Regular 9 10.5 left K 100 %

table data Sample Myriad Pro Light 9 10.5 right K 100 %

table body Sample Myriad Pro Light 9 10.5 left K 100 %

graph legend sample Myriad Pro Bold 8 8.5 left K 100 %

graph value SampleSample Myriad Pro Regular 8 8.5 K 100 %

graph‑table‑map title Fig 1.2 Sample Myriad Pro Bold (2 words) + Myriad Pro Regular

11 13 left 2 3 K 60 %

graph‑table‑map title no space after Fig 1.2 Sample 11 13 left 2 K 60 %

graph‑table‑map unit Sample Myriad Pro Regular 10 12 left 3 K 60 %

graph‑table‑map footnote

Sample Myriad Pro Light 6.5 7.5 left 3 ‑ 3 (2) K 100 %

graph‑table‑map source

Source: Sample (254) (3)Myriad Pro Italic (1 word) + Myriad Pro Regular

7 8.4 left (2) K 100 %

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(1) The footnote reference should always be presented in superscript and between brackets.(2) Above a column width of 115 mm the footnote and source should have a right indent corresponding to one third of the olumn width.(3) The data code should be a hyperlink displayed in blue (C 85 %, M 65 %).(4) If space is limited, the Myriad Pro could be used in semicondensed or condensed style if needed.




(A4 electronic only documents — layout made in Microsoft Word)

Office automation tools do not offer the same freedom and flexibility for layout as professional layout software. Multiple column layout becomes difficult, even impossible, to handle properly.

Furthermore, electronically disseminated publications do not need a facing page layout.

For both reasons, the structure for electronic only publications has been simplified.

It is based on a left side A4 template.

Header and footer are displayed exactly as on the professional A4 layout, but the content is fixed on the one-column layout with 30 mm left and right margins and 35 mm top margin.

Paragraph styles are taken over from the usual A4 layout, the only difference being the font families used. Arial replaces Myriad Pro. Times replaces Minion Pro.

MS Word templates including style sheets for the basic page layout in all nine themes are available in the Eurostat dissemination unit.



Templates for separators are available as well.



Page layout — B5 general structureThe structure of the page is based on a multiple column layout. With 12 columns, the layout offers a wide range of possibilities:

1 Chapter title

�4 Publication title

Chapter title 1


108

1216

28

15 20

Gutter: 4.2 mm

1 Chapter title


Chapter title 1


18

Footnotes in margins are only allowed for one-column layouts.



B5 page separators






Alignment: leftColour: white


Font: Myriad Pro BoldSize/leading: 110 pt Alignment: rightColour: hole in curved shape




Alignment: leftColour: theme + 40 % K



The curved shapes including chapter numbers are available as EPS files or as graphic elements collected in an Adobe InDesign library.

Double-page alternative:Background colour: theme 50 %.





B5 style sheetsSt

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SEPA

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separator part sample Myriad Pro Bold 18 20 left white on theme 50 %

separator part 1 line sam. Myriad Pro Bold 24 left white on theme 50 %

separator chapter sample Myriad Pro Bold 18 20 left theme + 40K 100 %

separator chapter 1 line sam. Myriad Pro Bold 24 left theme + 40K 100 %

hEA

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footer folio even 00 Myriad Pro Light 11 right 3 K 100 %

footer folio odd 00 Myriad Pro Light 11 left 3 K 100 %

footer publication title even Sample Myriad Pro Light 9.5 10.5 right K 60 %

footer publication title odd Sample Myriad Pro Light 9.5 10.5 left K 60 %

header chapter number even 1 Myriad Pro Bold 30 right 1.5 white

on theme 100 %

header chapter number odd 1 Myriad Pro Bold 16 left 1.5 white

on theme 100 %

header chapter title even Sample Myriad Pro Light 11 13 left theme 100 %

header chapter title odd Sample Myriad Pro Light 11 13 right theme 100 %

Styl

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sdgqdg



Styl

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body text Sample Minion Pro Regular 9.5 11.5 justifi ed 2 K 100 %

body list • Sample Minion Pro Regular 9.5 11.5 justifi ed 12 ‑ 3 2 K 100 %

body title 1 Sample Myriad Pro Regular 18 20 left 8 3 theme + 40K 100 %


body title 3 sample Myriad Pro Bold 10 13 left 2 2 theme + 40K 100 %

body title 4 Sample Myriad Pro Semibold Italic 9.5 11.5 left 2 2 theme + 40K 100 %

body title 5 Sample Minion Pro Bold 9.5 11.5 left 2 2 K 100 %

panel title SAMPLE Myriad Pro Regular 11 13 left 2 2 theme + 40K 100 % on theme 10 %

panel text Sample Myriad Pro Light 9 10.8 justifi ed 2 K 100 %on theme 10 %

footnote (1) Sample Myriad Pro Light 6.5 7.5 left 3 ‑ 3 (2) 2 K 100 %

TAB

LES,

GR

AP

hS

AN

D M

AP

S (4 )

table header 1 sample Myriad Pro Bold 8 9 centered K 100 %

table header 2 Sample Myriad Pro Semibold 8 9 centered K 100 %

table header 3 Sample Myriad Pro Regular 8 9 centered K 100 %

table 1st column 1 Sample Myriad Pro Semibold 8 9 left K 100 %

table 1st column 2 Sample Myriad Pro Regular 8 9 left K 100 %

table data Sample Myriad Pro Light 8 9 right K 100 %

table body Sample Myriad Pro Light 8 9 left K 100 %

graph legend sample Myriad Pro Bold 7 8 left K 100 %

graph value Sample Sample Myriad Pro Regular 7 8 K 100 %

graph‑table‑map titleFig 1.2 Sample Myriad Pro Bold

(2 words) + Myriad Pro Regular

10 12 left 2 3 K 60 %

graph‑table‑map title no space after

Fig 1.2 Sample

10 12 left 2 K 60 %

graph‑table‑map unit Sample Myriad Pro Regular 9 10.8 left 3 K 60 %

graph‑table‑map footnote Sample Myriad Pro Light 6.5 7.5 left 3 ‑ 3 (2) K 100 %

graph‑table‑map sourceSource: Sample (254) (3)

Myriad Pro Italic (1 word) + Myriad Pro Regular 7 8.4 left (2) K 100 %

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(1) The footnote reference should always be presented in superscript and between brackets.(2) Above a column width of 115 mm the footnote and source should have a right indent corresponding to one third of the column width.(3) The data code should be a hyperlink displayed in blue (C 85 %, M 65 %).(4) If space is limited, the Myriad Pro could be used in semicondensed or condensed style if needed.



Page layout — Pocketbook general structure

The Pocketbook layout is foreseen as a one-column layout. Nevertheless, the main column is divided into six smaller columns in order to have the possibility to structure the page when needed (e.g. use of indents, panels).

1 Chapter title

16 Cultural statistics

1Chapter title


10

712

2020

58

13

Gutter: 2 mm

12

1 Chapter title


1Chapter title


12



Pocketbook page separators




Font: Myriad Pro BoldSize/leading: 16/18 ptAlignment: leftColour: whitetheme + 40 % K




Font: Myriad Pro BoldSize/leading: 16/18 ptAlignment: leftColour: theme + 40 % K



The curved shapes including chapter numbers are available as EPS files or as graphic elements collected in an InDesign library.


A lighter version without photo is conceivable. In that case,

replace the photo by the theme colour (shading 50 %).



Page layout — Landscape pocketbook general structure

For some reason (width of tables or graphs) you may need to compose your layout in landscape format.

In that case the structure changes due to the way that you need to turn the publication to read it. Layout is structured in 12 columns, the structure of it can be varied. Pages are not symmetric and headers and footers are not repeated on each page. Please note that the folios for each spread are displayed on the right (odd) page and separated by a slash.

The spread will be displayed as in the example below:

5 National accounts

Title of the publication 18/19

5 National accounts


5 National accounts

75

10

13

Gutter 5 mm


15

8,5

10

7,5

1513

5 National accounts

75

10

13

Gutter 5 mm


15

8,5

10

7,5

1513

6

5 National accounts

75

10

13

Gutter 5 mm


15

8,5

10

7,5

1513

5 National accounts

75

10

13

Gutter 5 mm

10


15

8,5

10

7,5

1513

612

12



Landscape pocketbook page separators




Font: Myriad Pro BoldSize/leading: 16/18 ptAlignment: leftColour: white





Layout examples

Title of the publication

Maio beribuscium ius doluptas essus explitat aut facimolupta dolupitia vite voluptatur

III 5863

Title of the publication

Bor accum evenimi cum dolorrum se labo Itiscitiis magnimus repuda digentur mollut la 636

5 National accounts

Nus dis nem aute ellant quunt eum eseque dolupta cus ipiciet veliamus pori con re-rum faccuptur accusto renisto qui coris moluptassum idendis alit plabo. Natque aut hit plit est voluptat quam quatur anis idebitas corem quibusante sitat.

Pienimin cor se cuscimp oreptatet

incit fugitatem ex et facerfe rorpossi netures sitatur sec-tio. Giam quuntiu riandit molecto dem rehenescim que re quo min cus dolor molorrunt escipsa nietur resciur emquia quia commo id quodit ditibus, quos volor aut es nonsecti a nonsequ ibusam aped etur seque event il ipient porum sit plit omnihil eos dolut dis nit re volum quam, omnimi, cullaborum et incid qui aceat re, iusam facesti oraeris volore sitatioPos atur sequibusande etus core officiendis sitatin plandest omnimust, eatqui ip-sumquodi ullent quam, ut pro imolupt atestior sum

Graph 1: Porqui coris moluptassum

(1) For the period 1996-2003, the persons employed in crafts, trades and as free-lances, as well as in the police and defence-related activities are excluded; from 2004 onwards the number of persons employed in the police and defence-related activities are included. (2) For 1998-2004: net salary; for 2005, data from Brcko District are included.

800

700

600

500

400

300

200

100

02003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

Ecus as alit, ommolup tatquae ped

Uditiusam re dolore, corum ea con re lique

5 National accounts

Mus omnis es doloreperum quid

Ablabor aligendigent eostiis

dolesti onsequi optasim enimodicit volores et acerovita section praest, cones maxim dolorerae comnitasint rem voloratium fugit oc-culli tatendam eos di doluptum laudam fugia doluptiorae am, ommo qui qui omnimo min reperit, ut iumqui volendae comnimaxim eum quiaest, aut quos conserum, adit velit ute laceaqu ianimporem fuga. Ur a dero mos sectemolecus aut ra eostrum quodis moluptus, ili-bus rest omnias que voluptis invent fugitatus, qui comnimus et, tem rem fuga. Ulpario es moditatem sinus dicia corum nem vellatur as isit veliquuntem ant officitatur rae dolo opta volorem estia consent iosseque molesed maiossit, quos quibea doluptia con consectem au-tem voluptur?

Bis del id ea sim et facias et officature res ex et laut erioremod qui te estore, odit, te reped que offic tes seditior sin et velent expe prendaes volo et, coribus ea id ut rati a dolorepro offictium voles quame dolut hictis aliquiam assimustiist etur?

Eribusam, que simagni magnam reruptas sunt a imi, nonsendis nos ariore, con re id ut officiam eiciendis dest hic tem quat.

Temporem re saepra volorum

suntemolest endaectatur si ipsam, odicti blabore, ipiciendit, que volum il et faceate as cum sincto eum excestis dit as duciis de rest lab ipsandel molupta simagna tquiam aspelent ea:

• Snihilit ommoluptaque vendi atio. • Velese de omnimen imusam aut poribus, • Dut quunturemped moluptat as ex experisquam utemque

debis mollo doluptate nis magnis sequias etusci consequo • Fdoluptatur arum, nessinc iurepratem ut rectisque diti ve-

lecus que nimperio occus.

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Average nominal monthly wages and salaries (EUR) 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007EU-27 : : : : : : : : : : :Croatia (1) 527 578.6 600.4 637 676.4 723.9 742.9 798.4 844.2 905.7 :The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia 161.3 153.8 159.4 167.9 173.2 185 193 200.4 205.5 220.9 :Turkey : : : : : 258.5 290.3 297.9 355 : :Albania : : : : : : : : : : :Bosnia and Herzegovina (2) : 150.3 175.4 190.2 208.6 228 247.5 258.2 275.1 : :Montenegro : : : : : : 173.9 195.3 213.1 246 338Serbia : : 169.7 76.5 145.4 218.5 255.3 283.2 307.7 377.2 484.4Kosovo under UNSCR 1244/99 : : : : : : : : : : :

Index of real wages and salaries (2000=100) 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007EU-27 90.2 92.8 96.1 100 104.8 108.9 112.8 116.8 120 123.6 128.2Croatia (1) 87.3 92.4 98.4 100 99.2 103.2 106.1 112.2 113.4 116.6 120.4The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia 93.3 96.8 100.3 100 98.1 103 106.7 111.4 113.6 114.1 112.5Turkey : : : : : : : : : : :Albania : : : : : : : : : : :Bosnia and Herzegovina : : : : : : : : : : :Montenegro 100.2 106.2 99.9 100 91.6 109.7 119.3 130.9 139.7 156.4 179.9Serbia 116.7 115.5 94.2 100 118.4 154.9 176.5 196.1 209.5 233.3 266.1Kosovo under UNSCR 1244/99 : : : : : : : : : : :

(1) For the period 1996-2003, the persons employed in crafts, trades and as free-lances, as well as in the police and defence-related activities are excluded; from 2004 onwards the number of persons employed in the police and defence-related activities are included. (2) For 1998-2004: net salary; for 2005, data from Brcko District are included.

Table 3.1: Wages and salaries


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Example of Compact guides

Government finance statistics

Compact guides

Government finance statisticsA comparison with the EU

Compact guidesData are available FREE OF CHARGE on the Eurostat website: ec.europa.eu/eurostat

Government finance statisticsThe website is organised into nine themes: this document presents information from the theme covering economy and fi-nance; more specifically it includes data on government finance statistics.

With the European population getting older as people live longer and have fewer children, many Member States face the challenge of ensuring the long-term sustainability of public finances owing to the impending budgetary impact. The Stability and Growth Pact (SGP) is a rule-based framements in the European Union, and in the euro area countries in particular, broadly synchro-nised. They prevent Member States from taking policy measures which would unduly benefit their own economies at the expense of others. There are two key principles, namely:

• thatthedeficitmustnotexceed3%ofgrossdomesticproduct(GDP), and;

• thatthedebt-to-GDPratioshouldnotbemorethan60%.

ArevisioninMarch2005basedonthefirstfiveyearsofexperi-ence left these principles unchanged, but introduced greater flex-ibility in exceeding the deficit threshold in hard economic times, or to finance investment in structural improvements.

Each year, the Member States provide the European Commis-sion with detailed information on their economic policies and the state of their public finances. Euro area countries provide this information in the context of the ’stability programmes’, while other Member States do so in the form of ’convergence pro-grammes’. The European Commission assesses whether the poli-cies are in line with agreed economic, social and environmental objectives and may choose to issue a warning if it believes a deficit is becoming abnormally high. This surveillance is based on the Excessive Deficit Procedure (EDP). The Commission’s opinion is based on a technical assessment by the Directorate-General for Economic and Financial Affairs (DG ECFIN, http://ec.europa.eu/economy_finance/sg_pact_fiscal_policy/fiscal_policy554_en.htm), using data reported by Eurostat. Eurostat’s national ac-counts data are based on an integrated accounting framework

which describes economic events of all units of the economy, grouped within sectors according to their characteristics, providing a refer-enceforallmacro-economicstatistics.TheaimoftheESA95Manualon Government Debt and Deficit (MGDD) is to aid the application of ESA95forcalculatinggovernmentdeficitanddebtratios.The-forandFinancial Affairs (Dt a legal act, but rather provides interpretation and guidance that Eurostat uses to assess adherence to agreed meth-odological practices. Eurostat collect, harmonise and disseminate the data used for the EDP, on the basis of government finance statistics that are provided by the Member States. Eurostat is the sole authority within the European Commission for setting out the methodological basis for data collection and compilation.

The government deficit is defined as the net lending/net borrowing of generalgovernmentasdefinedinESA95,adjustedforthetreatmentof interest relating to swaps.

The government debt is defined as the total consolidated gross debt at nominal value in the following categories of government liabilities, as definedinESA95:currencyanddeposits,securitiesotherthanshares(excluding financial derivatives), and loans.

WebsiteEurostat provides users with free access to all of its databases, as well as PDF versions of its publications. To discover more, open a web browser and go to the Eurostat homepage at: ec.europa.eu/eurostat.

1. From the Eurostat homepage, statistical Themes may be ac-cessed from the left-hand menu. Click on the link to Economy and finance in order to access infor-mation on:

• (Latest)new(s)• Tables• Data• Methodology• Publications

A dedicated section regrouping information relating to government finance statistics is available at the top of the page. This regroups all of the most important sources of information on government finance statistics together in one place, with information presented on: meth-odology, the excessive deficit procedure (EDF), data, publications and useful links to other resources.

2. The most important govern-ment finance statistics are found under the tab for Tables – by se-lecting National accounts under the and Long-term indicators.Expand/collapse the data tree by using the +/– icons. Select the information required by click-ing on the table, graph, map icon or the pre-defined ta-ble icon .

3. More detailed statistics or extractions and larger volumes of data can be downloaded through open tables, with the help of Eurostat’s data extrac-tion utility. Advanced query functions are available to those who register on the website – allowing downloads in a vari-etyoffileformats(text,HTML,Excel, etc.). Data are presented in tables, with total flexibility to preselect and extract data. To

access these tables, click on the tab for Data, select Gov-ernment statistics or Finan-cial accounts and then browse through the data tree and its submenus to choose a particu-lar table .

4. For additional information on metadata or methodology, click on the Methodology tab and then select Government counts, after which an exten-sive list of links is provided:

• General government revenue and expenditure• Government deficit and debt• Quarterly government debt• Total State aids• Public procurement• Balance sheets• Financial transactions• Nominal holding gains

Statistics in focusGeneral government expenditure and revenue in the EU, 2006 (issuenumber23/2008)

Structure of government debt in Europe, 2006 (issuenumber6/2008)

Tax revenue in the EU (issuenumber31/2007)

Stock-flow adjustment in government accounts (issuenumber26/2006)

Reference publicationsGovernment finance statistics - Summary tables 2/2007Format: PDFLanguageversions:ENCataloguenumber:KE-EK-07-002-EN-NISSN:1725-9819

Taxation trends in the European Union - Data for the EU Member States and NorwayFormat: Paper, PDFLanguageversions:ENCataloguenumber:KS-DU-07-001-EN-NISBN:978-92-79-04865-4

Structures of the taxation systems in the European Union - Data 1995-2004Format: Paper, PDFLanguageversions:ENCataloguenumber:KS-DU-06-001-EN-NISBN:92-79-01850-7

For additional publications, please see:http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/portal/page?_pageid=2373,47631312,2373_58674419&_dad=portal&_schema=PORTAL

Methodological publicationsESA95 manual on government deficit and debtFormat: paper, PDFLanguageversions:DE,EN,ES,IT,NL,PTCataloguenumber:KS-42-02-585-EN-NISBN:92-894-3231-4

Manual on sources and methods for the compilation of ESA95 financial accountsFormat: PDFLanguageversions:ENCataloguenumber:KS-BE-02-004-EN-N

Manual on sources and methods for the compilation of COFOG Statistics - Classification of the Functions of Government (COFOG)Format: PDFLanguageversions:ENCataloguenumber:KS-RA-07-022ISBN:978-92-79-04762-6ISSN:1977-0375

Manual on compilation of taxes and social payments on a quarterly basis - First editionFormat: PDFLanguageversions:ENCataloguenumber:KS-BE-02-007-EN-NISBN:92-894-3797-9

Manual on quarterly non-financial accounts for general governmentFormat: PDFLanguageversions:ENCataloguenumber:KS-BE-06-001-EN-NISBN:92-79-01867-1ISSN:1725-0048

For additional information on methodology, please see:http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/porta l/page?_pageid=2373,47631312,2373_58674363&_dad=portal&_schema=PORTAL:

Data are available FREE OF CHARGE on the Eurostat website:ec.europa.eu/eurostat

Government finance statisticsThe website is organised into nine themes: this document presents information from the theme covering economy and fi-nance; more specifically it includes data on government finance statistics.

With the European population getting older as people live longer and have fewer children, many Member States face the challenge of ensuring the long-term sustainability of public finances owing to the impending budgetary impact. The Stability and Growth Pact (SGP) is a rule-based framements in the European Union, and in the euro area countries in particular, broadly synchro-nised. They prevent Member States from taking policy measures which would unduly benefit their own economies at the expense of others. There are two key principles, namely:

• that the deficit must not exceed 3 % of gross domestic product(GDP), and;

• that the debt-to-GDP ratio should not be more than 60 %.

A revision in March 2005 based on the first five years of experi-ence left these principles unchanged, but introduced greater flexence left these principles unchanged, but introduced greater flex-ibility in exceeding the deficit threshold in hard economic times, ibility in exceeding the deficit threshold in hard economic times, or to finance investment in structural improvements.or to finance investment in structural improvements.

Each year, the Member States provide the European CommisEach year, the Member States provide the European Commis-sion with detailed information on their economic policies and sion with detailed information on their economic policies and the state of their public finances. Euro area countries provide this information in the context of the ’stability programmes’, while other Member States do so in the form of ’convergence pro-grammes’. The European Commission assesses whether the poli-cies are in line with agreed economic, social and environmental objectives and may choose to issue a warning if it believes a deficit objectives and may choose to issue a warning if it believes a deficit is becoming abnormally high. This surveillance is based on the is becoming abnormally high. This surveillance is based on the Excessive Deficit Procedure (EDP). The Commission’s opinion is Excessive Deficit Procedure (EDP). The Commission’s opinion is based on a technical assessment by the Directorate-General for based on a technical assessment by the Directorate-General for Economic and Financial Affairs (DG ECFIN, http://ec.europa.eu/economy_finance/sg_pact_fiscal_policy/fiscal_policy554_en.htm), using data reported by Eurostat. Eurostat’s national ac-counts data are based on an integrated accounting framework

which describes economic events of all units of the economy, grouped within sectors according to their characteristics, providing a refer-ence for all macro-economic statistics. The aim of the ESA95 Manualon Government Debt and Deficit (MGDD) is to aid the application of ESA95 for calculating government deficit and debt ratios.The-for andFinancial Affairs (Dt a legal act, but rather provides interpretation and guidance that Eurostat uses to assess adherence to agreed meth-odological practices. Eurostat collect, harmonise and disseminate the data used for the EDP, on the basis of government finance statistics that are provided by the Member States. Eurostat is the sole authority within the European Commission for setting out the methodological basis for data collection and compilation.

The government deficit is defined as the net lending/net borrowing of general government as defined in ESA95, adjusted for the treatmentof interest relating to swaps.

The government debt is defined as the total consolidated gross debt at nominal value in the following categories of government liabilities, as defined in ESA95: currency and deposits, securities other than shares(excluding financial derivatives), and loans.

WebsiteEurostat provides users with free access to all of its databases, as well as PDF versions of its publications. To discover more, open a web browser and go to the Eurostat homepage at: ec.europa.eu/eurostat.ec.europa.eu/eurostat.

1. From the Eurostat homepage, statistical Themes may be ac-cessed from the left-hand menu. cessed from the left-hand menu. Click on the link to Economy and finance in order to access infor-mation on:

• (Latest)• (Latest) new(s)new(s)• Tables• Data• Methodology• Publications

A dedicated section regrouping information relating to government finance statistics is available at the top of the page. This regroups all of the most important sources of information on government finance of the most important sources of information on government finance statistics together in one place, with information presented on: methstatistics together in one place, with information presented on: meth-odology, the excessive deficit procedure (EDF), data, publications and useful links to other resources.

2. The most important governThe most important govern-ment finance statistics are found ment finance statistics are found under the tab for Tables – by seunder the tab for Tables – by se-lecting National accounts under lecting National accounts under the and Long-term indicators.indicators.Expand/collapse the data tree Expand/collapse the data tree by using the +/– icons. Select the by using the +/– icons. Select the information required by clickinformation required by click-information required by click-information required by clicking on the table, graph, map ing on the table, graph, map icon ing on the table, graph, map

or the pre-defined ta or the pre-defined ta or the pre-defined ta-ble icon .

3. More detailed statistics or extractions and larger volumes of data can be downloaded through open tables, with the help of Eurostat’s data extrachelp of Eurostat’s data extrac-tion utility. Advanced query tion utility. Advanced query functions are available to those functions are available to those who register on the website – who register on the website – allowing downloads in a variallowing downloads in a vari-ety of file formatsformats (text, HTML,Excel, etc.). Data are presented Excel, etc.). Data are presented in tables, with total flexibility to preselect and extract data. To in tables, with total flexibility to preselect and extract data. To in tables, with total flexibility to preselect and extract data. To

access these tables, click on access these tables, click on the tab for Data, select Govthe tab for Data, select Gov-ernment statistics or Finanernment statistics or Finan-cial accounts and then browse through the data tree and its submenus to choose a particu-lar table .

4. For additional information on metadata or methodology, on metadata or methodology, click on the Methodology tab click on the Methodology tab and then select Government and then select Government counts, after which an extencounts, after which an exten-sive list of links is provided:sive list of links is provided:

• General government revenue and expendituregovernment revenue and expenditure•• Government deficit and debtGovernment deficit and debt• Quarterly government debt• Total State aids• Public procurement• Balance sheets• Financial transactions• Nominal holding gains

Statistics in focusGeneral government expenditure and General government expenditure and revenue in the EU, 2006 (issue number 23/2008)

Structure of government debt in Structure of government debt in Europe, 2006 (issue number 6/2008)6/2008)

Tax revenue in the EU Tax revenue in the EU (issue number 31/2007)31/2007)

Stock-flow adjustment in Stock-flow adjustment in government accounts government accounts (issue numbernumber 26/2006)

Reference publicationsReference publicationsGovernment finance statistics - Summary Government finance statistics - Summary tables 2/2007Format: PDFLanguage versions: ENCatalogue number: KE-EK-07-002-EN-NKE-EK-07-002-EN-NISSN: 1725-9819

Taxation trends in the European Union Taxation trends in the European Union - Data for the EU Member States and NorwayFormat: Paper, PDFLanguage versions: ENCatalogue number: KS-DU-07-001-EN-NISBN: 978-92-79-04865-4

Structures of the taxation systems in the European Union - Data 1995-2004Format: Paper, PDFLanguage versions: ENCatalogue number: KS-DU-06-001-EN-NISBN: 92-79-01850-7

For additional publications, please see:For additional publications, please see:http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/portal/page?_pageid=2373,47631http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/portal/page?_pageid=2373,47631312,2373_58674419&_dad=portal&_schema=PORTAL312,2373_58674419&_dad=portal&_schema=PORTAL

Methodological publicationsMethodological publicationsESA95 manual on government deficit and debtESA95 manual on government deficit and debtFormat: paper, PDFFormat: paper, PDFLanguageLanguage versions: DE, EN, ES, IT, NL, PTCatalogueCatalogue number: KS-42-02-585-EN-NISBN: 92-894-3231-4

Manual on sources and methods for the compilation of ESA95 financial accountsFormat: PDFLanguage versions: ENCatalogue number: KS-BE-02-004-EN-N

Manual on sources and methods for the compilation of COFOG Statistics - Classification of the Functions of Government (COFOG)Format: PDFLanguage versions: ENCatalogue number: KS-RA-07-022ISBN: 978-92-79-04762-6ISSN: 1977-0375

Manual on compilation of taxes and social payments on a quarterly basis - First editionFormat: PDFLanguage versions: ENCatalogue number: KS-BE-02-007-EN-NISBN: 92-894-3797-9

Manual on quarterly non-financial accounts for general governmentFormat: PDFLanguage versions: ENCatalogue number: KS-BE-06-001-EN-NISBN: 92-79-01867-1ISSN: 1725-0048

For additional information on methodology, please see:http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/porta l/page?_pageid=2373,47631312,2373_58674363&_dad=portal&_schema=PORTAL:

Tab 1: Public balance and gross government debt (% of GDP)

Public balance Government debt

2003 2006 2003 2006

EU-27 -3.1 -1.6 61.8 61.4

EA-12 -3.1 -1.5 69.3 68.8

BE 0.0 0.4 98.6 88.2

BG 0.0 3.2 45.9 22.8

CZ -6.6 -2.9 30.1 30.1

DK -0.1 4.6 45.8 30.3

DE -4.0 -1.6 63.8 67.5

EE 1.8 3.6 5.5 4.0

IE 0.4 2.9 31.1 25.1

EL -5.6 -2.5 97.9 95.3

ES -0.2 1.8 48.7 39.7

FR -4.1 -2.5 62.9 64.2

IT -3.5 -4.4 104.3 106.8

CY -6.5 -1.2 68.9 65.2

LV -1.6 -0.3 14.4 10.6

LT -1.3 -0.6 21.2 18.2

LU 0.5 0.7 6.3 6.6

HU -7.2 -9.2 58.0 65.6

MT -9.9 -2.5 69.3 64.7

NL -3.1 0.6 52.0 47.9

AT -1.6 -1.4 64.6 61.7

PL -6.3 -3.8 47.1 47.6

PT -2.9 -3.9 56.9 64.8

RO -1.5 -1.9 21.5 12.4

SI -2.7 -1.2 27.9 27.1

SK -2.7 -3.7 42.4 30.4

FI 2.5 3.8 44.3 39.2

SE -0.9 2.5 53.5 47.0

UK -3.3 -2.7 38.7 43.2

HR (1) -4.5 -3.9 40.9 44.2

TR (1) -11.3 -1.2 85.1 69.6

IS -1.6 : 41.4 :

NO 7.3 19.3 44.3 48.9

(1) 2005 instead of 2006.Source: Eurostat (tsieb070 and tsieb070), OECD

Public balance: net borrowing/lending of consolidated general government sector as a percentage of GDP. Net borrowing (+)/net lending (-) of general government is the difference between the revenue and the expenditure of the general government sector. The general government sector comprises the following subsectors: central government, state government, local government, and social security funds. GDP used as a denominator is the gross domestic product at current market prices.

General government debt: general government consolidated gross debt as a percentage of GDP. Debt is valued at nominal (face) value, and foreign currency debt is converted into national currency using end-year market exchange rates (though special rules apply to contracts). The national data for the general government sector are consolidated between the sub-sectors. Basic data are expressed in national currency, converted into euro using end-year exchange rates for the euro provided by the European Central Bank.

Graph 1: Government surplus (+)/defi cit (-) and gross governmentdebt, 2007 (% of GDP)Public balance

Government debt

Source: Eurostat (tsieb070 and tsieb070), OECD

Graph 3: Total general government revenue and total expenditure, quarterly averages, EU-27, 1999-2007 (1) (% of GDP)Public balance

(1) Average for each quarter during the period 1999-2007.Source: Eurostat (gov_q_ggnfa)

Graph 4: Total general government revenue and total expenditure, EU-27 (1) (% of GDP)

Government debt

(1) Average for each quarter during the period 1999-2007.

Source: Eurostat (gov_q_ggnfa)

Graph 5: General government, stock of consolidated assets, third quarter 2007 (% of total assets)

(1) Total assets valued at EUR 3 466 809 million; figures do not sum to 100 % due to rounding.Source: Eurostat (gov_q_ggnfa)

Graph 6: Long-term government bonds’ interest rates, EA-13 (1)

Government debt


Source: Eurostat (dbc12048), ECB, National Central Banks

An interest rate is the cost or price of borrowing, or the gain from lending, normally expressed as an annual percentage amount. Ten year government bond yields are often used as a measure for long-term interest rates. Yields vary according to the price of the bond. Secondary market means that the bond price is not an issue price (primary market) but determined by supply and demand on the market.

Tab 2: Total general government revenue and total expenditure (% of GDP)

Revenue Expenditure

2003 2006 2003 2006

EU-27 44.3 45.0 47.4 46.5

EA-13 45.0 45.6 48.1 46.9

BE 51.1 48.8 51.1 48.5

BG 40.3 40.1 40.3 36.8

CZ 40.7 40.7 47.3 43.6

DK 55.6 56.6 55.7 51.7

DE 44.5 43.8 48.5 45.4

EE 36.4 36.6 34.6 33.0

IE 33.8 37.1 33.4 34.2

EL 39.3 39.5 45.0 42.3

ES 38.2 40.4 38.4 38.6

FR 49.2 50.8 53.4 53.4

IT 44.8 45.4 48.3 48.8

CY 38.5 42.4 45.0 43.6

LV 33.2 37.0 34.8 37.3

LT 32.0 33.4 33.2 34.0

LU 42.4 39.7 41.9 39.0

HU 41.9 42.6 49.1 51.9

MT 37.9 41.3 47.8 43.9

NL 43.9 46.7 47.1 46.1

AT 49.3 47.8 51.1 49.3

PL 38.4 40.0 44.6 43.8

PT 42.5 42.4 45.5 46.3

RO 32.1 32.9 33.6 34.8

SI 44.4 44.1 47.1 45.3

SK 37.4 33.5 40.2 37.2

FI 52.5 52.9 50.0 48.9

SE 55.9 56.5 57.0 54.3

UK 39.5 41.9 42.9 44.5

IS 42.8 45.9 45.6 40.7

NO 55.5 59.1 48.2 40.6

CH (1) 34.6 34.7 36.4 35.4

(1) 2005 instead of 2006.Source: Eurostat (tec00021 and tec00023)

Total general government revenue is defined in ESA-95 by reference to a list of categories: market output, output for own final use, payments for the other non-market output, taxes on production and imports, other subsidies on production, receivable property income, current taxes on income, wealth, etc., social contributions, other current transfers and capital transfers.

Total general government expenditure is defined in ESA-95 by reference to a list of categories: intermediate consumption, gross capital formation, compensation of employees, other taxes on production, subsidies, payable property income, current taxes on income, wealth, etc., social benefits, some social transfers, other current transfers, some adjustments, capital transfers and transactions on non-produced assets.


“Taxes on pro-duction and

imports”

“Current taxes on income,

wealth”

“Capital taxes”

“Actual social contributions”

EU-27 13.9 13.3 : 12.8

EA-13 13.9 12.2 0.3 14.3

BE 13.8 16.5 0.7 13.6

BG 19.3 6.4 0.4 8.7

CZ 11.2 8.8 0.0 16.2

DK 18.0 30.0 0.2 1.1

DE 12.4 10.8 0.2 16.2

EE 13.7 7.1 - 10.2

IE 14.3 13.2 0.2 4.9

EL 12.2 7.9 0.1 11.1

ES 12.7 11.7 0.5 12.1

FR 15.7 11.8 0.5 16.5

IT 15.0 14.4 0.0 12.7

CY 17.9 10.8 0.0 7.8

LV 13.0 8.4 0.0 8.7

LT 11.6 9.7 0.0 8.5

LU 12.5 13.0 0.1 10.0

HU 15.3 9.3 0.1 12.5

MT 15.4 11.8 0.3 6.2

NL 13.3 11.7 0.3 14.2

AT 14.3 13.1 0.1 14.5

PL 14.4 7.5 0.0 12.2

PT 15.7 8.8 0.0 11.4

RO 12.7 6.1 : 9.8

SI 15.5 9.3 0.0 14.3

SK 11.6 6.0 0.0 11.8

FI 13.9 17.2 0.3 12.2

SE 17.1 19.7 0.0 12.2

UK 13.1 17.2 0.3 7.8

IS 19.5 18.8 0.0 3.3

NO 12.3 22.9 0.1 8.7

(1) 2005 instead of 2006.

Source: Eurostat (tec00021 and tec00023)

Current taxes on income, wealth, etc. cover all compulsory, unrequited payments, in cash or in kind, levied periodically by general government and by the rest of the world on the income and wealth of institutional units, and some periodic taxes which are assessed neither on the income nor the wealth. In ESA95, current taxes on income, wealth, etc. are divided into taxes on income and other current taxes.

Taxes on production and imports consist of compulsory, unrequited payments, in cash or in kind which are levied by general government, or by EU institutions, in respect of the production and importation of goods and services, the employment of labour, the ownership or use of land, buildings or other assets used in production. In ESA95, taxes on production and imports comprise taxes on products and other taxes on production.

-10.0 -7.5 -5.0 -2.5 0.0 2.5 5.0 DK FI

EE BG

IE SE ES LU NL BE LV LT CY

SI AT

EU-27 DE RO EL FR

MT UK CZ SK PL PT IT

HU

42

44

46

48

50

52

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

EU-27 revenue Euro area revenue

EU-27 expenditure Euro area expenditure

Monetary gold and special drawing rights (SDRs) 0.4%

Currency and deposits 19.3%

Securities other than shares 6.8%

Loans 10.6%

Shares and other equity

45.9%

Insurance technical reserves

0.1%

Other accounts receivable /

payable 16.8%

0 25 50 75 100 125

IT EL BE DE HU CY PT

MT FR AT

EU-27 NL PL SE

UK ES FI

SK DK CZ

SI IE

BG LT

RO LV LU EE

9,000

10,000

11,000

12,000

13,000

2003 2004 2005 2006

Euro area expenditure Euro area revenue EU-27 expenditure EU-27 revenue

0

2

4

6

8

1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006

Euro area USA Japan

Tab 1: Public balance and gross government debt (% of GDP)

Public balance Government debt

2003 2006 2003 2006

EU-27 -3.1 -1.6 61.8 61.4

EA-12 -3.1 -1.5 69.3 68.8

BE 0.0 0.4 98.6 88.2

BG 0.0 3.2 45.9 22.8

CZ -6.6 -2.9 30.1 30.1

DK -0.1 4.6 45.8 30.3

DE -4.0 -1.6 63.8 67.5

EE 1.8 3.6 5.5 4.0

IE 0.4 2.9 31.1 25.1

EL -5.6 -2.5 97.9 95.3

ES -0.2 1.8 48.7 39.7

FR -4.1 -2.5 62.9 64.2

IT -3.5 -4.4 104.3 106.8

CY -6.5 -1.2 68.9 65.2

LV -1.6 -0.3 14.4 10.6

LT -1.3 -0.6 21.2 18.2

LU 0.5 0.7 6.3 6.6

HU -7.2 -9.2 58.0 65.6

MT -9.9 -2.5 69.3 64.7

NL -3.1 0.6 52.0 47.9

AT -1.6 -1.4 64.6 61.7

PL -6.3 -3.8 47.1 47.6

PT -2.9 -3.9 56.9 64.8

RO -1.5 -1.9 21.5 12.4

SI -2.7 -1.2 27.9 27.1

SK -2.7 -3.7 42.4 30.4

FI 2.5 3.8 44.3 39.2

SE -0.9 2.5 53.5 47.0

UK -3.3 -2.7 38.7 43.2

HR (1) -4.5 -3.9 40.9 44.2

TR (1) -11.3 -1.2 85.1 69.6

IS -1.6 : 41.4 :

NO 7.3 19.3 44.3 48.9

(1) 2005 instead of 2006.Source: Eurostat (tsieb070 and tsieb070), OECD

Public balance: net borrowing/lending of consolidated general government sector as a percentage of GDP. Net borrowing (+)/net lending (-) of general government is the difference between the revenue and the expenditure of the general government sector. The general government sector comprises the following subsectors: central government, state government, local government, and social security funds. GDP used as a denominator is the gross domestic product at current market prices.

General government debt: general government consolidated gross debt as a percentage of GDP. Debt is valued at nominal (face) value, and foreign currency debt is converted into national currency using end-year market exchange rates (though special rules apply to contracts). The national data for the general government sector are consolidated between the sub-sectors. Basic data are expressed in national currency, converted into euro using end-year exchange rates for the euro provided by the European Central Bank.

Graph 1: Government surplus (+)/defi cit (-) and gross governmentdebt, 2007 (% of GDP)Public balance

Government debt

Source: Eurostat (tsieb070 and tsieb070), OECD

-10.0 -7.5 -5.0 -2.5 0.0 2.5 5.0 DK FI

EE BG

IE SE ES LU NL BE LV LV LLT LT LCY

SI AT AT A

EU-27 DE RO EL FR

MT UK CZ SK PL PT IT

HU

0 25 50 75 100 125

IT EL BE DE HU CY PT

MT FR AT AT A

EU-27 NL PL SE

UK ES FI

SK DK CZ

SI IE

BG LT LT L

RO LV LV LLU EE


Revenue Expenditure

2003 2006 2003 2006

EU-27 44.3 45.0 47.4 46.5

EA-13 45.0 45.6 48.1 46.9

BE 51.1 48.8 51.1 48.5

BG 40.3 40.1 40.3 36.8

CZ 40.7 40.7 47.3 43.6

DK 55.6 56.6 55.7 51.7

DE 44.5 43.8 48.5 45.4

EE 36.4 36.6 34.6 33.0

IE 33.8 37.1 33.4 34.2

EL 39.3 39.5 45.0 42.3

ES 38.2 40.4 38.4 38.6

FR 49.2 50.8 53.4 53.4

IT 44.8 45.4 48.3 48.8

CY 38.5 42.4 45.0 43.6

LV 33.2 37.0 34.8 37.3

LT 32.0 33.4 33.2 34.0

LU 42.4 39.7 41.9 39.0

HU 41.9 42.6 49.1 51.9

MT 37.9 41.3 47.8 43.9

NL 43.9 46.7 47.1 46.1

AT 49.3 47.8 51.1 49.3

PL 38.4 40.0 44.6 43.8

PT 42.5 42.4 45.5 46.3

RO 32.1 32.9 33.6 34.8

SI 44.4 44.1 47.1 45.3

SK 37.4 33.5 40.2 37.2

FI 52.5 52.9 50.0 48.9

SE 55.9 56.5 57.0 54.3

UK 39.5 41.9 42.9 44.5

IS 42.8 45.9 45.6 40.7

NO 55.5 59.1 48.2 40.6

CH (1) 34.6 34.7 36.4 35.4

(1) 2005 instead of 2006.Source: Eurostat (tec00021 and tec00023)

Total general government revenue is defined in ESA-95 by reference to a list of categories: market output, output for own final use, payments for the other non-market output, taxes on production and imports, other subsidies on production, receivable property income, current taxes on income, wealth, etc., social contributions, other current transfers and capital transfers.

Total general government expenditure is defined in ESA-95 by reference to a list of categories: intermediate consumption, gross capital formation, compensation of employees, other taxes on production, subsidies, payable property income, current taxes on income, wealth, etc., social benefits, some social transfers, other current transfers, some adjustments, capital transfers and transactions on non-produced assets.

Graph 3: Total general government revenue and total expenditure, quarterly averages, EU-27, 1999-2007 (1) (% of GDP)Public balance

(1) Average for each quarter during the period 1999-2007.Source: Eurostat (gov_q_ggnfa)

Graph 4: Total general government revenue and total expenditure, EU-27 (1) (% of GDP)

Government debt


Source: Eurostat (gov_q_ggnfa)

42

44

46

48

50

52

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

EU-27 revenue Euro area revenue

EU-27 expenditure Euro area expenditure

9,000

10,000

11,000

12,000

13,000

2003 2004 2005 2006

Euro area expenditure Euro area revenue EU-27 expenditure EU-27 revenue


“Taxes on pro-duction and

imports”

“Current taxes on income,

wealth”

“Capital taxes”

“Actual social contributions”

EU-27 13.9 13.3 : 12.8

EA-13 13.9 12.2 0.3 14.3

BE 13.8 16.5 0.7 13.6

BG 19.3 6.4 0.4 8.7

CZ 11.2 8.8 0.0 16.2

DK 18.0 30.0 0.2 1.1

DE 12.4 10.8 0.2 16.2

EE 13.7 7.1 - 10.2

IE 14.3 13.2 0.2 4.9

EL 12.2 7.9 0.1 11.1

ES 12.7 11.7 0.5 12.1

FR 15.7 11.8 0.5 16.5

IT 15.0 14.4 0.0 12.7

CY 17.9 10.8 0.0 7.8

LV 13.0 8.4 0.0 8.7

LT 11.6 9.7 0.0 8.5

LU 12.5 13.0 0.1 10.0

HU 15.3 9.3 0.1 12.5

MT 15.4 11.8 0.3 6.2

NL 13.3 11.7 0.3 14.2

AT 14.3 13.1 0.1 14.5

PL 14.4 7.5 0.0 12.2

PT 15.7 8.8 0.0 11.4

RO 12.7 6.1 : 9.8

SI 15.5 9.3 0.0 14.3

SK 11.6 6.0 0.0 11.8

FI 13.9 17.2 0.3 12.2

SE 17.1 19.7 0.0 12.2

UK 13.1 17.2 0.3 7.8

IS 19.5 18.8 0.0 3.3

NO 12.3 22.9 0.1 8.7

(1) 2005 instead of 2006.

Source: Eurostat (tec00021 and tec00023)

Current taxes on income, wealth, etc. cover all compulsory, unrequited payments, in cash or in kind, levied periodically by general government and by the rest of the world on the income and wealth of institutional units, and some periodic taxes which are assessed neither on the income nor the wealth. In ESA95, current taxes on income, wealth, etc. are divided into taxes on income and other current taxes.

Taxes on production and imports consist of compulsory, unrequited payments, in cash or in kind which are levied by general government, or by EU institutions, in respect of the production and importation of goods and services, the employment of labour, the ownership or use of land, buildings or other assets used in production. In ESA95, taxes on production and imports comprise taxes on products and other taxes on production.

Graph 5: General government, stock of consolidated assets, third quarter 2007 (% of total assets)

(1) Total assets valued at EUR 3 466 809 million; figures do not sum to 100 % due to rounding.Source: Eurostat (gov_q_ggnfa)

Graph 6: Long-term government bonds’ interest rates, EA-13 (1)

Government debt


Source: Eurostat (dbc12048), ECB, National Central Banks

An interest rate is the cost or price of borrowing, or the gain from lending, normally expressed as an annual percentage amount. Ten year government bond yields are often used as a measure for long-term interest rates. Yields vary according to the price of the bond. Secondary market means that the bond price is not an issue price (primary market) but determined by supply and demand on the market.

Monetary gold and special drawing rights (SDRs) 0.4%

Currency and deposits 19.3%

Securities other than shares 6.8%

Loans 10.6%

Shares and other equity

45.9%

Insurance technical reserves

0.1%

Other accounts receivable /

payable 16.8%

0

2

4

6

8

1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006

Euro area USA Japan



Tables — best practices

In order to harmonise the table display throughout a complete publication, table, cell and paragraph styles have been created according to following rules.

1997 1999 2001A B A B A

EU‑27 : : : : 27 947EU‑12 : : : : 27 947Belgium 28 901 29 616 30 701 31 644 33 109Bulgaria 896 1 216 1 330 1 436 1 518Czech Republic : : : : :Denmark 36 235 37 209 39 515 40 962 41 661United Kingdom : 29 370 32 269 37 677 39 233Iceland : : 32 311 37 639 34 101Norway : 31 456 33 741 36 202 38 604

BackgroundHeader: theme colour 20 %Aggregates/averages: theme colour 30 %Countries/table items: white

strokes1st level separationStroke width: 0.4 ptStroke colour: K 30 %

2nd level separationStroke width: 0.4 ptStroke colour: K 100 %

The cell styles are divided into three groups: the header cell styles, the aggregates cell styles and the body cell styles.

The paragraph styles are used to refine formatting (e.g. 1st column or data):

• Table header 1: to be used as the first level of multilevel header.• Table header 2: to be used as the standard style for a one-level header; to be used

as the second level of multilevel headers.• Table header 3: to be used as the third level of multilevel headers.• Table 1st column 1: to be used for aggregates, totals, averages, etc.• Table 1st column 2: to be used for countries or other units.• Table data: to be used for data content.• Table body: to be used for text content.

Table style ‘Preformatted table’ will format the table with the general font size and row strokes (K 30%)



How to proceed at formatting tables:

Case 1: The table is included in text format in the manuscript.

1. Select the table.

2. Remove all formatting.

3. Format with the ‘preformatted table’ style.

4. Format rows using cell styles. These will define table strokes and fills. When is vertical alignment required? Switch to vertical alignment in the header:• when the caption displayed in the header includes too many line breaks;• when the number of columns is too large to ensure easy reading (too little space

between columns);• when the captions are displayed on more than four lines in very narrow

columns.

5. If needed, refine your formatting with the paragraph styles, according to the type of content.

6. Adjust column widths to suit the page layout.

7. Add the separating row lines. Use therefore the appropriate cell style. When are column strokes required? Add vertical separation lines if the header is subdivided into different levels (stroke: 0.4 pt, K 30 %; use K 100 % if a second separation of higher level is needed). These lines are added manually.

8. Balance your data cell display: increase the right margin of a cell in order to position your data, still right aligned but optically centred under the header caption. If these captions have different widths you need to proceed one by one.

Case 2: The table is imported from Excel

1. In Excel: Avoid adding empty columns just for layout readability.

2. In InDesign: Only import the cells including your table data. You can define this in the import options when placing the table.

3. Remove formatting (unformatted table) when importing.

4. Follow points 4 -9 in Case 1.



Tables — samples

2 Chapter title


Table 2.7: Unemployment rate by gender and by age(%)

Male Female < 25 years 25-74 years

2003 2008 2003 2008 2008 2008

EU‑27 8.4 6.6 9.7 7.5 15.4 5.9

Euro area 7.9 6.9 10.0 8.3 15.4 6.6

Belgium 7.7 6.5 8.9 7.6 18.0 5.9

Bulgaria 14.1 5.5 13.2 5.8 12.7 5.0

Czech Republic 6.2 3.5 9.9 5.6 9.9 3.9

Denmark 4.8 3.0 6.1 3.7 7.6 2.5

Germany 9.8 7.4 8.7 7.2 9.9 6.9

Estonia 10.2 5.8 9.9 5.3 12.0 4.6

Ireland 5.0 7.1 4.4 4.6 12.6 4.9

Greece 6.2 5.1 15.0 11.4 22.1 6.6

Spain 8.2 10.1 15.3 13.0 24.6 9.8

France 8.1 7.3 9.9 8.4 19.1 6.5

Italy 6.5 5.5 11.4 8.5 21.3 5.6

Cyprus 3.6 3.2 4.8 4.3 9.0 3.1

Latvia 10.6 8.0 10.4 6.9 13.1 6.6

Lithuania 12.7 6.1 12.2 5.6 13.4 5.0

Luxembourg 3.0 4.1 4.9 5.9 16.9 4.0

Hungary 6.1 7.6 5.6 8.1 19.9 6.9

Malta 6.9 5.6 9.1 6.6 11.9 4.7

Netherlands 3.5 2.5 3.9 3.0 5.3 2.3

Austria 4.0 3.6 4.7 4.1 8.0 3.1

Poland 19.0 6.4 20.5 8.0 17.3 5.9

Portugal 5.6 6.6 7.3 9.0 16.4 6.8

Romania 7.6 6.7 6.4 4.7 18.6 4.4

Slovenia 6.3 4.0 7.1 4.8 10.4 3.7

Slovakia 17.4 8.4 17.8 10.9 19.0 8.4

Finland 9.2 6.1 8.9 6.7 16.5 4.9

Sweden 6.0 5.9 5.2 6.5 20.0 4.1

United Kingdom 5.5 6.1 4.3 5.1 15.0 3.9

Norway 4.5 2.7 3.9 2.3 7.2 1.7

Croatia 12.9 7.0 15.8 10.1 21.9 6.9

Turkey : 9.7 : 10.0 18.5 7.8

Japan 5.5 4.1 4.9 3.8 7.3 3.7

United States 6.3 6.1 5.7 5.4 12.8 4.6

Note country order:

1. EU and euro area aggregates

2. EU Member States

3. EFTA countries : Iceland Liechtenstein Norway Switzerland

4. Candidate countries: Croatia FYR of Macedonia Turkey

5. Other countries (including potential candidate countries in alphabetical order)

Table header 1

Table header 2

Graph-table-map title no space(use the version without space when the title is followed by the unit connected to the table or graph)

Graph-table-map units

table 1st column 1

table 1st column 2

table data(left aligned but optically centred under the header — to do so you must adjust the right margin)

1st level separationStroke width: 0.4 pt

Stroke colour: K 30 %

2nd level separationStroke width: 0.4 pt

Stroke colour: K 100 %

Header: theme colour 20 %

Aggregates/averages: theme colour 30 %

Countries/table items: white



Chapter title 1


Table 1.9: Earnings in industry and services (average gross annual earnings full-time employees) (EUR)

1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

EU‑27 : : : : 27 947 30 140 30 347 28 226 29 114 31 302 :

Belgium 28 901 29 616 30 701 31 644 33 109 34 330 34 643 35 704 36 673 37 674 :

Bulgaria 896 1 216 1 330 1 436 1 518 1 588 1 678 1 784 1 978 2 195 2 626

Czech Republic : : : : : 6 016 6 137 6 569 7 405 8 284 :

Denmark 36 235 37 209 39 515 40 962 41 661 43 577 44 692 46 122 47 529 48 307 53 165

Germany 35 093 35 432 36 228 37 319 38 204 39 153 40 056 40 954 41 694 42 382 :

Estonia : : : : : : : : : : :

Ireland : : : : : : : : 40 462 : :

Greece 12 605 13 210 13 926 14 721 15 431 16 278 16 739 : : : :

Spain 16 192 16 528 17 038 17 432 17 768 18 462 19 220 19 828 20 439 21 150 :

France 25 545 25 777 26 339 26 712 27 418 28 185 28 847 29 608 30 521 31 369 :

Italy : : : : : : : : : : :

Cyprus 14 021 14 709 15 161 16 335 16 948 17 740 18 406 19 290 20 549 21 310 :

Latvia : : : : : : : 3 806 4 246 5 211 6 690

Lithuania 2 286 2 799 3 017 : : : : : : : :

Luxembourg 32 600 33 337 34 462 35 875 37 745 38 442 39 587 40 575 42 135 43 621 45 284

Hungary 3 543 3 686 3 770 4 173 4 898 5 846 6 196 7 100 7 798 7 840 8 952

Malta 10 144 10 745 11 608 11 658 11 974 12 096 11 886 11 926 11 180 11 669 :

Netherlands 28 061 29 189 30 426 31 901 33 900 35 200 36 600 37 900 38 700 : :

Austria : : : : : : : 34 995 36 032 36 673 :

Poland : 4 156 5 310 : 7 510 : : 6 230 6 270 : :

Portugal : : : 12 620 13 338 13 322 13 871 14 253 14 715 15 930 :

Romania : : : : : : : 2 414 3 155 3 713 4 828

Slovenia : : : : : : : : : : :

Slovakia 3 179 3 292 3 125 3 583 3 837 4 582 4 945 5 706 6 374 7 040 8 400

Finland 24 005 24 944 25 739 27 398 28 555 29 916 30 978 31 988 33 290 34 080 36 126

Sweden : : : 31 621 30 467 31 164 32 177 33 620 34 049 35 084 36 871

United Kingdom : 29 370 32 269 37 677 39 233 40 553 38 793 41 253 42 866 44 496 46 051

Iceland : : 32 311 37 639 34 101 36 764 : : : : :

Norway : 31 456 33 741 36 202 38 604 43 736 42 882 42 224 45 485 47 221 :

Switzerland : 40 727 : 43 683 : 48 498 : 45 760 : 46 058 :

Croatia : : : : : : 8 491 9 036 9 634 : :

Table header 2(to be used as the standard style for one‑level header)



2 Chapter title


Table 2.14: Holiday trips of EU residents aged 15+, 2008

Number of trips (1 000)

Breakdown of all trips bydestination and duration (%)

All

trip

s

Sho

rt t

rip

s

(1‑3

nig

hts

)

Lon

g t

rip

s

(4+

nig

hts

)

Sho

rt d

om

esti

c tr

ips

(1‑3

nig

hts

)

Lon

g d

om

esti

c tr

ips

(4+

nig

hts

)

Sho

rt o

utb

ou

nd

tr

ips

(1‑3

nig

hts

)

Lon

g o

utb

ou

nd

tr

ips

(4+

nig

hts

)

Belgium 10 712 3 609 7 103 16.5 11.3 17.2 55.0

Bulgaria 6 251 3 775 2 476 57.0 32.0 3.4 7.6

Czech Republic 24 532 14 626 9 906 53.6 20.1 6.0 20.3

Denmark (1) 10 368 4 377 5 991 32.5 15.2 9.7 42.6

Germany 214 482 110 659 103 823 44.9 21.1 6.7 27.3

Estonia 1 241 813 428 49.5 7.7 17.0 25.8

Ireland 11 839 6 023 5 816 38.4 10.4 12.5 38.8

Greece 13 561 5 627 7 934 40.3 50.4 1.2 8.1

Spain 119 969 80 687 39 282 65.4 28.0 1.9 4.7

France 212 562 125 587 86 975 56.4 34.3 2.7 6.6

Italy (2) 78 055 36 920 41 134 43.3 39.8 4.0 12.9

Cyprus 1 704 813 891 42.2 11.4 5.5 40.9

Latvia 4 262 3 318 944 71.8 6.4 7.6 14.2

Lithuania 3 813 2 418 1 395 49.5 13.9 13.9 22.7

Luxembourg 1 199 444 755 0.5 0.3 36.6 62.7

Hungary 22 155 15 010 7 144 60.8 19.6 7.0 12.7

Malta : : : : : : :

Netherlands (1) 29 083 10 621 18 462 25.5 22.7 11.0 40.8

Austria 15 426 6 857 8 569 30.7 20.9 13.8 34.6

Poland 36 245 19 080 17 165 49.4 35.6 3.3 11.7

Portugal (2) 10 265 6 423 3 842 60.5 29.6 2.1 7.9

Romania 10 275 : : : : : :

Slovenia 3 733 2 149 1 584 36.7 11.4 20.9 31.0

Slovakia 6 724 2 071 4 653 24.1 33.8 6.7 35.4

Finland 30 115 23 246 6 869 69.5 15.3 7.7 7.5

Sweden (2) 38 399 25 618 12 781 58.3 19.1 8.5 14.2

United Kingdom (2) 112 695 53 375 59 320 40.8 20.1 6.5 32.5

Norway 16 800 9 650 7 150 44.9 19.9 12.6 22.6

Croatia 6 721 3 557 3 164 39.5 32.3 13.4 14.7

(1) 2007.(2) 2006.

Source: Eurostat (online data code: tour_dem_ttmd).



Chapter title 1


Table 1.16: Selected items of the fi nancial account balance, 2008 (1)

Fin

anci

al

acco

un

t

Ou

twar

d

fore

ign

dir

ect

inve

stm

ent

Inw

ard

fo

reig

n d

irec

t in

vest

men

t

Port

folio

in

vest

men

t,

asse

ts

Port

folio

in

vest

men

t,

liab

iliti

es

Oth

er

inve

stm

ent,

as

sets

Oth

er

inve

stm

ent,

lia

bili

ties

EU‑27 : ‑ 2.8 1.4 1.8 5.5 ‑ 1.9 0.7

Euro area 3.3 ‑ 3.8 1.1 0.2 4.5 ‑ 0.1 1.8

Belgium 3.1 ‑ 14.7 12.5 0.4 9.4 20.3 ‑ 25.6

Bulgaria 30.7 ‑ 1.4 18.1 ‑ 0.5 ‑ 0.9 0.8 16.7

Czech Republic 3.0 ‑ 0.9 5.0 ‑ 0.1 ‑ 0.1 ‑ 2.3 2.9

Denmark ‑ 2.2 ‑ 8.0 3.2 ‑ 2.3 4.5 ‑ 5.9 7.9

Germany ‑ 8.1 ‑ 4.3 0.7 1.1 0.6 ‑ 5.4 0.2

Estonia 8.3 ‑ 4.4 8.8 4.0 ‑ 1.4 ‑ 2.3 6.4

Ireland 8.6 ‑ 5.0 ‑ 7.4 ‑ 16.1 ‑ 5.1 ‑ 36.3 81.1

Greece 12.4 ‑ 0.7 1.4 0.3 6.7 ‑ 11.5 16.4

Spain 8.7 ‑ 5.0 4.4 2.0 ‑ 1.7 ‑ 1.3 11.2

France : ‑ 7.6 4.0 ‑ 3.2 8.9 2.6 0.4

Italy 3.2 ‑ 2.0 0.6 5.1 2.8 ‑ 1.7 ‑ 1.8

Cyprus 18.1 ‑ 5.9 8.7 ‑ 70.8 ‑ 4.2 ‑ 59.6 149.5

Latvia 13.1 ‑ 0.6 4.0 0.4 0.3 ‑ 1.4 8.8

Lithuania 10.3 ‑ 0.7 3.8 0.0 ‑ 0.2 ‑ 1.9 6.9

Luxembourg ‑ 5.1 ‑ 193.9 150.0 328.7 ‑ 280.8 ‑ 76.3 108.3

Hungary 9.5 ‑ 28.4 31.1 ‑ 2.4 0.1 ‑ 1.6 18.0

Malta 5.3 ‑ 3.3 10.9 3.5 3.0 ‑ 76.5 71.8

Netherlands ‑ 2.5 ‑ 5.6 ‑ 1.2 0.1 12.7 5.8 ‑ 12.7

Austria ‑ 4.2 ‑ 7.0 3.4 3.4 5.8 ‑ 13.5 3.8

Poland 8.4 ‑ 0.7 3.1 0.4 ‑ 1.0 1.2 4.7

Portugal 10.9 ‑ 0.9 1.5 : 15.8 7.1 ‑ 5.2

Romania 12.9 0.1 6.3 ‑ 0.4 ‑ 0.3 ‑ 0.8 8.0

Slovenia 6.2 ‑ 2.6 3.3 ‑ 0.1 1.7 ‑ 2.1 5.9

Slovakia 7.9 ‑ 0.3 3.7 0.7 1.8 ‑ 0.8 2.8

Finland 3.7 ‑ 0.6 ‑ 1.6 0.6 1.7 ‑ 3.3 6.3

Sweden 2.3 ‑ 7.8 9.2 ‑ 5.2 ‑ 2.4 ‑ 0.4 8.4

United Kingdom 1.2 ‑ 5.1 3.7 8.6 16.7 37.4 ‑ 61.3

Norway ‑ 21.5 ‑ 6.1 ‑ 0.2 ‑ 29.3 4.4 8.0 3.1

Croatia 12.6 ‑ 0.3 7.0 ‑ 0.6 ‑ 0.7 ‑ 3.4 9.8

Turkey 4.7 ‑ 0.3 2.5 ‑ 0.2 ‑ 0.6 ‑ 1.0 4.1

Japan ‑ 4.2 ‑ 2.8 0.5 ‑ 4.0 ‑ 2.5 3.3 1.3

United States 3.7 ‑ 2.2 2.3 1.2 4.0 0.7 ‑ 2.2

(1) EU‑27, extra EU‑27 fl ows; euro area, extra EA‑16 fl ows; Member States and other countries, fl ows with the rest of the world. Note that, according to the balance of payments sign convention, increases in assets and decreases in liabilities are shown with a negative sign, whereas decreases in assets and increases in liabilities are shown as positive.

Source: Eurostat (online data codes: bop_q_eu, bop_q_euro, bop_q_c and tec00001).



2 Chapter title


Table 2.8: Proportion of innovative enterprises which introduced products new to the market or own-developed process innovations, 2006(% of enterprises within size class or total)

process innovations: developed by the enterprise or group

product innovations: new to market

TotalWith

10 to 49 employees

With50 to 249

employees

With> 250

employeesTotal

With10 to 49

employees

With50 to 249

employees

EU‑27 (1) : : : : 32.6 29.7 36.8

Belgium 20.9 18.6 27.0 40.6 41.4 38.6 44.1

Bulgaria 7.7 6.3 10.1 21.8 41.3 38.6 46.2

Czech Republic 13.6 10.9 20.3 28.0 38.9 32.5 48.3

Denmark 16.4 13.7 24.6 33.3 33.8 30.9 37.9

Germany 19.3 15.8 23.3 43.8 30.4 25.9 35.3

Estonia 19.9 17.2 26.9 50.0 32.8 32.9 32.1

Ireland 20.0 17.6 26.3 44.1 40.8 38.0 47.0

Greece 19.8 17.4 31.1 35.3 49.5 48.1 50.2

Spain 16.1 13.9 25.2 39.0 18.3 14.8 26.0

France : : : : : : :

Italy : : : : 29.5 26.8 37.2

Cyprus 12.5 11.5 17.9 10.7 34.5 30.9 42.3

Latvia : : : : 44.7 49.7 33.8

Lithuania 7.8 6.1 15.9 21.7 36.0 36.8 32.4

Luxembourg 22.0 18.3 28.9 44.9 58.9 59.3 52.6

Hungary 5.7 4.5 8.1 18.8 30.9 30.1 29.6

Malta 13.1 9.2 23.8 51.9 31.3 29.4 29.2

Netherlands 8.2 6.9 11.0 23.2 48.1 46.1 50.8

Austria 18.8 15.7 26.9 39.8 45.4 42.1 48.8

Poland 10.8 7.4 17.4 29.5 32.7 33.1 30.6

Portugal 19.1 17.1 26.9 36.8 29.8 26.5 37.1

Romania 14.3 12.0 18.1 28.4 24.7 22.1 26.6

Slovenia 13.8 11.4 18.0 30.8 51.1 52.5 44.9

Slovakia 7.9 5.0 13.1 21.6 37.6 34.7 39.8

Finland 19.7 17.8 23.3 35.0 44.6 44.3 40.7

Sweden 16.3 14.9 : : 51.3 49.3 55.8

United Kingdom : : : : 31.6 31.0 31.7

Norway 10.4 9.1 14.3 21.1 39.9 40.6 37.0

Croatia 11.0 9.3 14.7 20.9 31.7 28.5 33.1

Turkey 20.2 19.1 23.4 30.4 59.6 62.3 50.5

(1) Excluding France (derogation accorded on 22 July 2005).

Source: Eurostat (online data code: inn_cis5_prod).



Chapter title


4Table 4.7: Graduates from tertiary education, by fi eld of education, 2007 (1)

Total numberof graduatesfrom tertiary

education(1 000)

of which, studying (%)h

um

an it

ies

&

arts

Teac

hin

g &

tr

ain

ing

Soci

al s

cien

ces,

b

usi

nes

s &

law

Scie

nce

, mat

h.

& c

om

pu

tin

g

Eng

in.,

man

uf.

& c

on

str

uct

ion

Ag

ricu

l. &

vet

er

inar

y

hea

lth

&

wel

fare

Serv

ices

EU27 4 101 12.1 5.9 35.0 9.7 12.6 1.7 14.8 4.0

Belgium 104 11.7 10.8 29.5 7.3 10.4 2.7 18.0 2.0

Bulgaria 49 6.9 5.4 51.4 4.1 14.8 1.8 6.2 7.8

Czech Republic 78 8.0 13.2 29.3 7.6 16.0 3.7 10.4 4.3

Denmark 51 13.4 6.2 31.9 7.3 12.6 2.2 21.7 2.9

Germany 439 16.1 3.8 24.2 12.3 13.2 1.7 18.9 3.6

Estonia 13 10.4 9.4 35.8 10.5 10.6 2.1 10.9 8.9

Ireland 59 25.2 : 28.4 15.1 8.5 0.7 12.5 2.4

Greece 60 15.6 7.5 25.5 9.3 12.2 4.2 15.9 9.8

Spain 279 8.7 11.0 27.0 9.4 16.8 1.8 14.5 7.6

France 623 10.9 0.8 40.9 11.1 15.6 1.5 14.0 4.1

Italy 402 15.4 5.8 32.7 6.7 13.9 1.8 15.1 2.5

Cyprus 4 7.6 9.1 47.7 8.6 3.7 0.2 7.5 14.1

Latvia 27 6.2 10.8 55.7 4.7 7.1 0.8 5.8 6.0

Lithuania 43 7.0 11.9 42.7 5.8 15.0 1.7 9.8 3.6

Luxembourg : : : : : : : : :

Hungary 67 7.7 15.5 41.2 6.4 7.5 2.7 10.0 8.3

Malta 3 16.0 10.1 47.1 8.0 7.4 0.0 10.5 0.9

Netherlands 123 8.7 12.5 38.0 6.5 7.7 1.5 17.2 4.7

Austria 36 8.9 11.5 30.5 12.1 19.8 2.2 9.7 3.1

Poland 533 8.6 4.7 43.0 8.1 8.7 1.7 8.2 5.4

Portugal 83 9.9 7.2 33.0 12.4 19.6 1.8 22.3 6.8

Romania 206 11.0 0.6 49.0 5.2 14.4 2.3 11.9 3.4

Slovenia 17 5.9 8.9 49.7 4.4 12.6 2.4 7.9 8.2

Slovakia 46 5.1 12.6 28.1 8.7 14.7 3.4 18.9 6.1

Finland 43 14.7 4.8 22.7 8.8 19.9 2.1 19.3 5.5

Sweden 60 6.1 16.2 25.3 7.4 17.2 1.2 25.7 2.3

United Kingdom 651 15.9 6.9 30.3 13.2 8.4 0.9 18.3 0.8

Iceland 4 10.8 20.1 38.7 6.9 6.0 0.8 12.8 1.1

Liechtenstein 0 2.7 0.0 65.8 0.0 31.5 0.0 0.0 0.0

Norway 35 9.8 10.5 27.5 7.5 7.4 1.1 24.5 4.1

Switzerland 76 7.0 9.3 37.9 8.5 13.2 2.1 14.1 6.4

Croatia 22 8.1 6.9 37.7 7.0 11.7 3.1 9.5 15.6

FYR of Macedonia 9 11.3 20.9 31.8 6.5 10.5 3.8 10.7 4.4

Turkey 416 6.3 15.1 40.2 8.0 13.6 4.3 6.0 5.8

Japan 1 062 15.1 0.9 26.9 3.0 17.8 2.2 12.9 9.5

United States 2 704 13.1 : 38.0 8.7 7.0 1.1 14.2 6.7

(1) Refer to the Internet metadata fi le (http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/cache/ITY_SDDS/en/educ_esms.htm).

Source: Eurostat (online data code: educ_grad5).

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