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The Environmental Context of Human Resource Management What is Human Resource Management? HRM is the set of organizational activities directed at attracting, developing, and maintaining an effective workforce. Why Human Resource Management? Human resources are critical for effective organizational functioning.
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The Environmental Context of Human Resource Management What is Human Resource Management? HRM is the set of organizational activities directed at attracting,

Dec 26, 2015

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Olivia Skinner
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Page 1: The Environmental Context of Human Resource Management What is Human Resource Management? HRM is the set of organizational activities directed at attracting,

The Environmental Context of Human Resource ManagementWhat is Human Resource Management?

HRM is the set of organizational activities directed at attracting, developing, and maintaining an effective workforce.

Why Human Resource Management?Human resources are critical for effective organizational functioning.

Page 2: The Environmental Context of Human Resource Management What is Human Resource Management? HRM is the set of organizational activities directed at attracting,

Job Analysis

Job Analysis is a systematic procedure for studying jobs to determine their various elements and requirements. Job Description is a list of elements that make up

a particular job. Job Specification is a list of the qualifications

[skills, abilities, etc.] required to perform a particular job.

Job Analysis is the basis for recruiting and selecting employees for existing or new jobs and is used to prepare job evaluation forms and to determine compensation levels.

Page 3: The Environmental Context of Human Resource Management What is Human Resource Management? HRM is the set of organizational activities directed at attracting,

Job Description and Job Specification

Source: Used with permission of Houghton Mifflin Company.

Page 4: The Environmental Context of Human Resource Management What is Human Resource Management? HRM is the set of organizational activities directed at attracting,

Attracting Human Resources

How do HRMs forecast human resource demand and supply?

Assessing trends.Sales forecast analysis.Forecasting the labor supply.Plan for dealing with predicted shortfalls or overstaffing.

Page 5: The Environmental Context of Human Resource Management What is Human Resource Management? HRM is the set of organizational activities directed at attracting,

Attracting Human Resources

Replacement Chart – lists each important managerial position in the organization and identifies:

who occupies it

how long he or she will probably remain in that position

who is or will be a qualified replacement

Page 6: The Environmental Context of Human Resource Management What is Human Resource Management? HRM is the set of organizational activities directed at attracting,

Attracting Human Resources

Employee Information System:

Generally a computerized record on each employee’s education, skills, experience and career aspirations.

Easily able to identify any and all employees who are eligible to fill positions.

Page 7: The Environmental Context of Human Resource Management What is Human Resource Management? HRM is the set of organizational activities directed at attracting,

Human Resource PlanningAssess trends in:

External labor market Current employees Future organizational plansGeneral economic trends

Predict demand

Forecast internal supply Forecast external supply

Compare future demand andinternal supply

Plan for dealing with predictedshortfalls or overstaffing

Page 8: The Environmental Context of Human Resource Management What is Human Resource Management? HRM is the set of organizational activities directed at attracting,

Recruiting Human Resources

What is recruiting?Attracting qualified people to apply for the jobs that are open.

What are the forms of recruiting?Internal recruiting: considering present

employees as candidates for openings.

External recruiting: attracting people outside the organization to apply for jobs.

Page 9: The Environmental Context of Human Resource Management What is Human Resource Management? HRM is the set of organizational activities directed at attracting,

Recruiting Human Resources

It is important to bring about a good person-job fit.

The Realistic Job Preview [RJP] provides the applicant with a real picture of what the job would be like.

Page 10: The Environmental Context of Human Resource Management What is Human Resource Management? HRM is the set of organizational activities directed at attracting,

Recruiting Human Resources

Validation – determining the extent to which a selection device is really predictive of future job performance.

Predictive validation – involves collecting scores of employees or applicants on a device to be validated and correlating their scores with actual job performance.

Page 11: The Environmental Context of Human Resource Management What is Human Resource Management? HRM is the set of organizational activities directed at attracting,

Recruiting Human Resources

Content validation – uses logic and job analysis data to establish that the selection device measures the exact skills needed for successful job performance.

Can the applicant actually perform the duties?

Page 12: The Environmental Context of Human Resource Management What is Human Resource Management? HRM is the set of organizational activities directed at attracting,

Recruiting Human Resources

Selection Processes:Application Blanks

Tests of ability, skill aptitude or knowledge

Interviews

Assessment Centers – managerial simulations

Polygraphs, Drug tests, Physicals, Credit checks

Page 13: The Environmental Context of Human Resource Management What is Human Resource Management? HRM is the set of organizational activities directed at attracting,

Selecting Human ResourcesValidation, determining the extent to which a selection

device is predictive of future job performance

ApplicationBlanks Tests

InterviewsAssessment

Centers

Page 14: The Environmental Context of Human Resource Management What is Human Resource Management? HRM is the set of organizational activities directed at attracting,

Developing Human Resources

What does training mean?Teaching operational or technical employees how to do the job for which they were hired.

What is employee development?Teaching managers and professionals the skills needed for both present and future jobs.

Page 15: The Environmental Context of Human Resource Management What is Human Resource Management? HRM is the set of organizational activities directed at attracting,

The Training Process

Page 16: The Environmental Context of Human Resource Management What is Human Resource Management? HRM is the set of organizational activities directed at attracting,

What Is a Performance Appraisal?

A Performance Appraisal is a formal assessment of how well an employee is doing his or her job.

There are various form of appraisals such as:

Behaviorally Anchored Rating Scale [BARS], a sophisticated rating method in which supervisors construct a rating scale associated with behavioral anchors.

Page 17: The Environmental Context of Human Resource Management What is Human Resource Management? HRM is the set of organizational activities directed at attracting,

What Is a Performance Appraisal?

Common Appraisal Methods:Objective Methods – includes actual output and special performance tests.Judgmental Methods – ranking and rating techniques are the most common.

Rating differs from Ranking in that it compares each employee with a fixed standard rather than comparison with other employees.

Page 18: The Environmental Context of Human Resource Management What is Human Resource Management? HRM is the set of organizational activities directed at attracting,

Graphic Rating Scales for a Bank Teller

Page 19: The Environmental Context of Human Resource Management What is Human Resource Management? HRM is the set of organizational activities directed at attracting,

Behaviorally Anchored Rating Scale

Page 20: The Environmental Context of Human Resource Management What is Human Resource Management? HRM is the set of organizational activities directed at attracting,

What Is a Performance Appraisal?

Errors in Performance Appraisals:

‘Recency’ Error – the tendency to base judgments on the subordinate's most recent performance because it is most easily recalled.

Overuse of one part of the scale – giving everyone a rating of ‘average’, being too easy or too tough.

Halo Error – allowing the assessment of an employee on one dimension to ‘spread’ to ratings of that employee on other dimensions.

Page 21: The Environmental Context of Human Resource Management What is Human Resource Management? HRM is the set of organizational activities directed at attracting,

What Is a Performance Appraisal?

360-degree Feedback - is a performance appraisal system in which managers are evaluated by everyone around them – their boss, their peers and their subordinates.

Page 22: The Environmental Context of Human Resource Management What is Human Resource Management? HRM is the set of organizational activities directed at attracting,

What Is a Performance Appraisal?

Performance Feedback:Last step in the performance appraisal

Discussion should generally be focused on the facts:

The assessed level of performance

How and why that assessment was made

How it can be improved in the future