The End of Reconstruction & The Start of Jim Crow Laws Unit 3 USII 3b & 4c.

The End of Reconstruction & The Start of Jim Crow Laws

Unit 3 USII 3b & 4c

Videos

• Who was Jim Crow• http

://www.teachersdomain.org/asset/bf10_vid_whowasjim/

• Plessy v Fergusson• http://app.discoveryeducation.com/search

The End of Reconstruction

• Ended in 1877 because of a compromise over the outcome of the 1876 election.– People were tired of Grant-era corruption so political

parties nominated candidates with a record of reform– Democrats- Tilden– Republicans-Hayes– Tilden won popular vote but was one vote short of the

needed electoral votes

The End of Reconstruction• 4 states were undecided Oregon

chose Hayes but Louisiana, South Carolina & Florida each sent two electoral votes to Washington one for each candidate.

• This made the Federal government decide the election.

• Electoral Commission established 7 Republicans from Congress , 7 Democrats from the Senate & 1 Republican Supreme Court Justice

The End of Reconstruction

• Republicans WIN! Hayes is President• Democrats were mad!

•Compromise reached to make Democrats happier

Hayes will serve only 1 terms (four years)

Democrats have say in cabinet appointments

RECONSTRUCTION ENDS IN THE SOUTH

Federal Troops removed from the South

What does this mean for former Slaves?

Jim Crow Laws

• Lasted from 1877 to 1960’s in the South and border states

• Whites believed God supported racial segregation, Whites were the chosen people, & Blacks were supposed to be slaves

Jim Crow LawsRacial Segregation

• Based on race (color of skin)• Directed primarily against African Americans

but others were also segregated• American Indians were not considered citizens

until 1924

Jim Crow Laws

• Laws passed to discriminate against African Americans

• Made discrimination legal in many communities and states

• African Americans faced unequal opportunities in housing, work, education and government.

Jim Crow Laws

• Black men could not shake hands with White men.• Blacks & Whites were not allowed to eat together• Black men could not light a cigarette for a White woman• Blacks could not show affection to one another in public• African-Americans separated from white people in

public places: restaurants, schools, parks, store entrances, water fountains, bus stops, etc.

• Black and White marriages were illegal

Jim Crow Laws

• Blacks were introduced to Whites but never Whites introduced to Blacks

• Blacks were called by their first name but Whites had to be addressed as Mr., Mrs., Ms., Sir, or Ma’am.

• If a black person rode in a car with a White person they had to ride in the back seat or in the back of the truck

• White motorists had the right of way at all intersections

Jim Crow Laws

• African Americans allowed to vote IF:– They paid a high poll tax– Could pass a literacy test– Lynching was used to discouraged blacks from

voting– Beatings and Cross burnings were also used to

terrorize African Americans

African American Responses to Jim Crow Laws

• Booker T. Washington– Believed equality could be achieved through vocational

education (crafts & industrial skills)– He accepted social segregation– Born a slave– At 9 worked in salt furnace and coal mine– Attended Hampton Normal & Agricultural Institute in VA

(black institution of higher learning)– Founded Tuskegee Institute– Encouraged blacks to give up the fight for equal rights and

become educated.

African American Responses to Jim Crow Laws

• W.E.B. DuBois– Believed in full political, civil and social rights for

African Americans– Born a free man– Attended Fisk University (black institution of

higher learning)– Formed the National Association for the

Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)– Believed agitation and protests to get their rights

Compare and ContrastBlack Schools White Schools

Student Activity• Complete a Venn Diagram on the following

two men.Booker T. Washington• Believed equality could be achieved

through vocational education (crafts & industrial skills)

• He accepted social segregation• Born a slave• At 9 worked in salt furnace and coal

mine• Attended Hampton Normal &

Agricultural Institute in VA (black institution of higher learning)

• Taught school• Founded Tuskegee Institute• Encouraged blacks to give up the fight

for equal rights and become educated.

W.E.B. DuBois• Believed in full political, civil and

social rights for African Americans

• Born a free man• Attended Fisk University (black

institution of higher learning)• Formed the National Association

for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)

• Believed agitation and protests to get their rights

• Taught School• Attended school as a child