The Empires of the Early Middle Ages (800-1000): Creation and Erosion Chapter 7.

The Empires of the Early The Empires of the Early Middle Ages (800-1000): Middle Ages (800-1000):

Creation and ErosionCreation and Erosion

Chapter 7Chapter 7

I. IslamI. Islam

A. The ArabsA. The Arabs

B. MuhammadB. Muhammad1. Preaching1. Preaching

MeccaMecca GabrielGabriel MedinaMedina

2. Hijra2. Hijra Convert or conquerConvert or conquer

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I. IslamI. Islam

C. The Religion of IslamC. The Religion of Islam AllahAllah

1. The Koran1. The Koran MuslimsMuslims CaliphsCaliphs

2. Law and Government2. Law and Government

3. Relationship to Other Religions3. Relationship to Other Religions AbrahamAbraham IshmaelIshmael

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I. IslamI. Islam

D. Expansion of IslamD. Expansion of Islam1. Conquests1. Conquests

2. Umayyads2. Umayyads

3. Sunni-Shiite Schism3. Sunni-Shiite Schism Sunnas, Sunnites, and ShiitesSunnas, Sunnites, and Shiites Abbas and Abbasid DynastyAbbas and Abbasid Dynasty AbdurrahmanAbdurrahman

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Map 7.1 Expansion of IslamMap 7.1 Expansion of Islam

Consider the vast extent of the Arab expansion from the Arabian peninsula. The Muslims conquered Persian, Byzantine, and Germanic kingdoms. The whole area became Arabic speaking. What cities mark the defeat and turning back of Muslims? How rapidly did the Muslims expand?

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I. IslamI. Islam

E. Islamic Economy and SocietyE. Islamic Economy and Society1. Diverse Economic Systems1. Diverse Economic Systems

Pastoral economyPastoral economy Trade stimulationTrade stimulation CommerceCommerce

DamaskDamask

2. Cosmopolitan Cities2. Cosmopolitan Cities3. Mixed Role for Women3. Mixed Role for Women

Marriage and divorceMarriage and divorce Harem Harem

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I. IslamI. Islam

F. Arabic Contributions to Global CultureF. Arabic Contributions to Global Culture1. Medical Education1. Medical Education

Al-Razi (Rhazes)Al-Razi (Rhazes)

2. Mathematics and Astronomy2. Mathematics and Astronomy ZeroZero AlgebraAlgebra AstrolabeAstrolabe

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I. IslamI. Islam

F. Arabic Contributions to Global CultureF. Arabic Contributions to Global Culture3. Philosophy and Theology3. Philosophy and Theology

Ibn-Rushd (Averroës)Ibn-Rushd (Averroës)

4. Centers of Culture4. Centers of Culture BaghdadBaghdad Harun al-RashidHarun al-Rashid

Arabian NightsArabian Nights

Al-MamunAl-Mamun SpainSpain

Alhambra Palace in GranadaAlhambra Palace in Granada

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I. IslamI. Islam

G. Decline of Medieval Islamic CivilizationG. Decline of Medieval Islamic Civilization First CrusadeFirst Crusade Seljuk TurksSeljuk Turks

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II. The Byzantine Empire II. The Byzantine Empire (610-1071)(610-1071)

A. Strains on the EmpireA. Strains on the Empire1. Heraclius and the Persian Wars1. Heraclius and the Persian Wars

AvarsAvars Church of the Holy SepulcherChurch of the Holy Sepulcher

2. Territorial Losses to Muslims2. Territorial Losses to Muslims

3. Military Revival3. Military Revival Leo IIILeo III BulgarsBulgars

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II. The Byzantine Empire II. The Byzantine Empire (610-1071)(610-1071)

A. Strains on the EmpireA. Strains on the Empire4. Leo III and Iconoclasm4. Leo III and Iconoclasm

IconsIcons

B. Byzantine GovernmentB. Byzantine Government1. Position of the Emperor1. Position of the Emperor

SacredSacred

2. Elaborate Bureaucracy2. Elaborate Bureaucracy

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II. The Byzantine Empire II. The Byzantine Empire (610-1071)(610-1071)

C. The Eastern Church and the Western C. The Eastern Church and the Western ChurchChurch1. Theological Differences1. Theological Differences

Roman Catholic and Greek OrthodoxRoman Catholic and Greek Orthodox Filioque disputeFilioque dispute

2. Languages in Liturgy2. Languages in Liturgy Vernacular languagesVernacular languages Loose confederation of independent national Loose confederation of independent national

churcheschurches

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II. The Byzantine Empire II. The Byzantine Empire (610-1071)(610-1071)

C. The Two ChurchesC. The Two Churches3. Missionary Activities3. Missionary Activities

CyrilCyril Cyrillic alphabetCyrillic alphabet

MethodiusMethodius Conversion of the Slavic peoplesConversion of the Slavic peoples

4. East-West Schism4. East-West Schism

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II. The Byzantine Empire II. The Byzantine Empire (610-1071)(610-1071)

D. Byzantine Economy and SocietyD. Byzantine Economy and Society1. Urban and Rural Population1. Urban and Rural Population

Theme systemTheme system GeneralsGenerals

2. Trade and Manufacture2. Trade and Manufacture BezantBezant Luxury itemsLuxury items

SilkSilk PurplePurple

GuildsGuilds

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II. The Byzantine Empire II. The Byzantine Empire (610-1071)(610-1071)

D. Byzantine Economy and SocietyD. Byzantine Economy and Society3. Limited Role of Women3. Limited Role of Women

IreneIrene TheodoraTheodora Under protection of male relativesUnder protection of male relatives

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II. The Byzantine Empire II. The Byzantine Empire (610-1071)(610-1071)

E. Byzantine CultureE. Byzantine Culture1. Education1. Education

Palace schoolsPalace schools Patriarchal schoolsPatriarchal schools Monastic schoolsMonastic schools

2. Scholarship2. Scholarship

3. Art and Architecture3. Art and Architecture MosaicsMosaics

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II. The Byzantine Empire II. The Byzantine Empire (610-1071)(610-1071)

E. Byzantine CultureE. Byzantine Culture4. Popular Culture4. Popular Culture

HippodromeHippodrome

F. Decline of the Byzantine EmpireF. Decline of the Byzantine Empire1. Social Transformations1. Social Transformations

Theme system collapsesTheme system collapses SerfsSerfs

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II. The Byzantine Empire II. The Byzantine Empire (610-1071)(610-1071)

F. Decline of the Byzantine EmpireF. Decline of the Byzantine Empire2. Defense of the Empire2. Defense of the Empire

MercenariesMercenaries VarangiansVarangians Greek fireGreek fire

3. The Seljuk Turks3. The Seljuk Turks ManzikertManzikert SuleimanSuleiman

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III. The Carolingian, III. The Carolingian, or Frankish, Empireor Frankish, Empire

Charles the Great (Charlemagne)Charles the Great (Charlemagne) Pepin the ShortPepin the Short

A. CharlemagneA. Charlemagne1. Victorious Wars1. Victorious Wars

LombardsLombards BavariansBavarians SaxonsSaxons

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Map 7.2 Map 7.2 Carolingian Carolingian

Empire under Empire under CharlemagneCharlemagne

This map shows the additions that Charlemagne made to the Frankish Empire. Marches were the frontier provinces organized for the military defense of the Empire. Aix-la-Chapelle, also called Aachen, was the capital of the Empire. Where were the tributary people? Compare this map to map 5.1, showing the extent of the Roman Empire. What did the Carolingian Empire include that the Roman Empire did not? What parts of Europe did the Romans control that the Carolingians did not?

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III. The Carolingian, III. The Carolingian, or Frankish, Empireor Frankish, Empire

A. CharlemagneA. Charlemagne2. Imperial Title2. Imperial Title

Emperor of the RomansEmperor of the Romans

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III. The Carolingian, III. The Carolingian, or Frankish, Empireor Frankish, Empire

B. Carolingian GovernmentB. Carolingian Government1. Imperial Ideology1. Imperial Ideology

2. Administering the Empire2. Administering the Empire ChaplainChaplain ChanceryChancery Count of the palaceCount of the palace ChamberlainChamberlain SeneschalSeneschal ConstableConstable CountCount

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III. The Carolingian, III. The Carolingian, or Frankish, Empireor Frankish, Empire

B. Carolingian GovernmentB. Carolingian Government2. Administering the Empire2. Administering the Empire

Missi dominiciMissi dominici General assemblyGeneral assembly Capitularies Capitularies

3. Currency3. Currency DenariusDenarius SolidusSolidus

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III. The Carolingian, III. The Carolingian, or Frankish, Empireor Frankish, Empire

C. The Carolingian RenaissanceC. The Carolingian Renaissance Corrupted Latin writingCorrupted Latin writing

1. Carolingian Miniscule1. Carolingian Miniscule ““Bookhand”Bookhand”

2. Latin Language2. Latin Language Medieval LatinMedieval Latin Old German and FrenchOld German and French

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III. The Carolingian, III. The Carolingian, or Frankish, Empireor Frankish, Empire

C. The Carolingian RenaissanceC. The Carolingian Renaissance3. Standardization of Texts3. Standardization of Texts

Alcuin of YorkAlcuin of York

4. Schools and Curriculum4. Schools and Curriculum Trivium and quadriviumTrivium and quadrivium

5. Court Scholars5. Court Scholars

D. Carolingian Society and CultureD. Carolingian Society and Culture1. Aristocratic Culture1. Aristocratic Culture

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III. The Carolingian, or Frankish, III. The Carolingian, or Frankish, EmpireEmpire

D. Carolingian Society and CultureD. Carolingian Society and Culture2. Economy and Society2. Economy and Society3. Art and Architecture3. Art and Architecture

E. Decline of the Carolingian EmpireE. Decline of the Carolingian Empire1. Division of the Empire1. Division of the Empire

Louis the PiousLouis the Pious Treaty of VerdunTreaty of Verdun

2. New Invasions2. New Invasions Muslims, Magyars, ScandinaviansMuslims, Magyars, Scandinavians

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Map 7.3 Partition of the Frankish EmpireMap 7.3 Partition of the Frankish Empire

This map indicates the division of the Frankish Empire among the three surviving sons of Louis the Pious. In making the division, the language that the inhabitants spoke was not a consideration. Did the tripartite division of the Empire under Charlemagne’s grandsons follow natural boundaries such as rivers or mountains? What tensions might have arisen from the division of the Empire?

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Map 7.4 Invasions of Southern Europe, Map 7.4 Invasions of Southern Europe, Ninth through Tenth CenturiesNinth through Tenth Centuries

This map shows that the Muslims (Saracens as the Western Europeans called them) and Magyars made incursions, if not permanent settlements, into Europe in the ninth through tenth centuries. Were there natural boundaries to stop the Magyars, who traveled by horseback? What probable conveyance did the Saracens use to raid?

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IV. The Vikings, Kiev, and EnglandIV. The Vikings, Kiev, and England

A. The VikingsA. The Vikings1. Viking Ships and Exploration1. Viking Ships and Exploration

VinlandVinland IcelandIceland

2. Eastern Expansion2. Eastern Expansion RusRus NovgorodNovgorod KievKiev

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Map 7.5 Invasions of Northern Europe, Map 7.5 Invasions of Northern Europe, Eighth through Ninth CenturiesEighth through Ninth Centuries

The Viking or Scandinavian invasions of the eighth through the ninth centuries were extensive and resulted in permanent settlements. The Vikings relied on their shallow draft boats for both trading and raiding permitting them to travel on both oceans and rivers. What areas did they explore and raid? What cities did they found (see dates on map)?

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IV. The Vikings, Kiev, and EnglandIV. The Vikings, Kiev, and England

A. The VikingsA. The Vikings3. Western Expansion3. Western Expansion

DanesDanes NorwegiansNorwegians RolloRollo NormandyNormandy

4. Conversion to Christianity4. Conversion to Christianity Incomplete conversionIncomplete conversion

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IV. The Vikings, Kiev, and EnglandIV. The Vikings, Kiev, and England

A. The VikingsA. The Vikings5. Treatment of Women5. Treatment of Women

PolygamyPolygamy

6. Poetry and Sagas6. Poetry and Sagas EddaEdda ValhallaValhalla King Harald’s SagaKing Harald’s Saga

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IV. The Vikings, Kiev, and EnglandIV. The Vikings, Kiev, and England

B. The Kievan Rus PrincipalityB. The Kievan Rus Principality1. Origins1. Origins

Prince OlegPrince Oleg VladimirVladimir AnnaAnna

2. Reign of Yaroslav the Wise2. Reign of Yaroslav the Wise Self-government of churchSelf-government of church Russkaia PravdaRusskaia Pravda

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Map 7.6 Principality of KievMap 7.6 Principality of Kiev

The East Slavs invited the Scandinavians, the Rus, to settle and unify them. The Scandinavians had traded extensively in the Black Sea. What were the trading routes that the Rus used? What were the capitals of the Kievan state?

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IV. The Vikings, Kiev, and EnglandIV. The Vikings, Kiev, and England

B. The Kievan Rus PrincipalityB. The Kievan Rus Principality3. Agriculture and Trade3. Agriculture and Trade

4. Kievan Cities4. Kievan Cities

5. Learning and Literature5. Learning and Literature TheThe Primary Chronicle Primary Chronicle

6. Art and Architecture6. Art and Architecture ““Onion” domeOnion” dome

7. Decline of the Principality of Kiev7. Decline of the Principality of Kiev CumansCumans

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IV. The Vikings, Kiev, and EnglandIV. The Vikings, Kiev, and England

C. Anglo-Saxon EnglandC. Anglo-Saxon England1. Alfred the Great1. Alfred the Great

Reforms the militiaReforms the militia Builds fortressesBuilds fortresses DanelawDanelaw

2. Intellectual Life2. Intellectual Life Anglo-Saxon ChronicleAnglo-Saxon Chronicle

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