The Educational system in Romania. The Romanian educational system is based on a tuition-free system. Access to free education till 18 years old is guaranteed.

The Educational system in Romania

• The Romanian educational system is based on a tuition-free system. 

• Access to free education till 18 years old is guaranteed by Article 32 in the Constitution of Romania.

• Compulsory education includes 11 grades. Theoretically, children become pupils at the age of 6 and finish compulsory school at the age of 17.

The structure of the pre-university education is the result of the reform process started in the 

early 90’s and assisted by the EU through pre-integration programmes.

Romanian educational  system  includes

• Pre-school Education• Primary Education • Lower Secondary  Education - gymnazium• Higher Secondary  Education • Post-high school Education • Higher Education

VET in RomaniaVET is including:

Initial VET named TVET Continuing VET named CVT

TVET is delivred through the formal system and, in the near future, also through apprenticeship schemes by enterprises in cooperation with education and training providers

The structure of TVET system

TVET is developed  in the new law at secondary education level containing two alternatives, as follows:The technological high-school, includes:

– the lower cycle, namely grades X-XI, that are leading to acquiring general (non-certificated) competences in a number of domains, part of three profiles: resources, techniques, and services; at the end of the 11th  grade , after a practical training stage the students can acquire a professional qualification of level 2 (level 3 EQF)

– the upper cycle, grades XI – XII, that are leading to level ISCED 3 and professional qualification  level 3 level 4 EQF

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• The vocational school, includes: 

– training programmes ( with a duration of 6months-2 years) based on occupational standards conducting to a professional qualification of lower level

The TVET system also includes: 

• The Post-high schools that represent a specialised TVET route of 1-3 years leading to acquiring certificated competences for vocational qualifications level 3 advanced (level 5 EQF).

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TVET profiles   Three major profiles relate to the envisaged trades and   

specialisations, as follows:– Techniques, comprising the fields of mechanics,

electromechanical and electrical, electronics and, automation, constructions and civil works, telecommunications, light industry, transports, industrial chemistry, wood processing

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– Services, comprising the fields of tourism and catering, food & beverage, commerce and related services, post, economics and public administration, health and social assistance, as well as other services deserving industry and population

– Resources, comprising the fields of food industry, forestry, agriculture, agro-tourism, animal breeding and veterinary, environment protection 

TVET providers

• Public vocational and technical education (part of the secondary education) is financed mainly from the public budget. 

• The system includes also private units of all types of schools. 

• Public and private schools are subject to accreditation of programmes, and a quality assurance methodology, which enables TVET schools to produce annual self-assessment reports and improvement plans - subject to external audits. 

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Institutions having roles in TVET• Ministry of Education, Research, Youth and Sport

for TVET delivred through education system• Ministry of Labour, Family and Social Protection

for VET delivred through apprenticeship system and for CVT

National Authority for Qualifications, supported by Sectoral Committees, reorganised by unifying National Adult Training Board and National Agency for Qualifications in Higher Education

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MoERYS- institutional structures involved in TVET

• National Centre for Evaluation in Pre-university Education

• National Centre for TVET Development

• National Agency for Quality Assurance in Pre-university Education- ARACIP

• Institute of Educational Sciences

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Regional intervention is made predominately by the County School Inspectorates.

National TVET schools network

2003 - 2004 2004 - 2005 2005 - 2006 2006 - 2007 2007 - 2008 2008 - 2009 2009 - 20100

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

844

1474 1495

13671316

1266 1266

518

692 713611

558 516 516

National TVET schools network

schools units schools units in rural area

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TVET students enrollment within secondary education

2003 -2004 2004 - 2005 2005 - 2006 2006 - 2007 2007 - 2008 2008 - 2009 2009 - 201040.00%

45.00%

50.00%

55.00%

60.00%

65.00%

59.57% 59.98% 59.76% 59.94% 60.13%59.14% 59.17%

TVET students enrolment within secondary education

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Students enrollment in TVET

2003 -2004 2004 - 2005 2005 - 2006 2006 - 2007 2007 - 2008 2008 - 2009 2009 - 20100

100000

200000

300000

400000

500000

600000

700000

618951 637803 628554 618116 608327575757 563961

74824 84427 79113 70834 65598 63588 59139

Students enrolment in TVET

no. of students no. of students in rural area

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Students enrollment in TVET in rural areas

2003 - 2004 2004 - 2005 2005 - 2006 2006 - 2007 2007 - 2008 2008 - 2009 2009 - 20100.00%

2.00%

4.00%

6.00%

8.00%

10.00%

12.00%

14.00%

12.09%

13.24%12.59%

11.46%10.78% 11.04%

10.49%

Students enrolment in TVET in rural area

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