-
The Economic Performance of the EU
Aquaculture Sector (STECF 14-18)
Scientific, Technical and Economic
Committee for Fisheries (STECF)
Edited by
Rasmus Nielsen,
Arina Motova
EUR XXXX EN
This report was reviewed by the STECF during its 47th plenary
meeting
held from 10 to 14 November 2014 in Brussels, Belgium
-
European Commission
Joint Research Centre
Institute for the Protection and Security of the Citizen
Contact information
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Address: Maritime Affairs Unit, Via Enrico Fermi 2749, 21027
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JRC xxxxx
EUR xxxxxx EN
ISBN xxxxxx
ISSN 1831-9424
doi: xxxxxx/xxxxx
Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, 2014
European Union, 2014
Reproduction is authorised provided the source is
acknowledged
How to cite this report:
Scientific, Technical and Economic Committee for Fisheries
(STECF) The economic performance of the EU aquaculture sector
(STECF
14-18). 2014. Publications Office of the European Union,
Luxembourg, EUR XXXX EN, JRC XXXX, xxx pp.
Printed in Italy
-
1 1
TABLE OF CONTENTS
LIST OF FIGURES
...............................................................................................................................................................
3
LIST OF TABLES
.................................................................................................................................................................
9
THE ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE OF THE EU AQUACULTURE SECTOR (STECF
14-18) .......................................................
12
BACKGROUND
........................................................................................................................................................................
12 REQUEST TO THE STECF
..........................................................................................................................................................
12 INTRODUCTION
......................................................................................................................................................................
12 OBSERVATIONS OF THE STECF
..................................................................................................................................................
13 CONCLUSIONS OF THE STECF
...................................................................................................................................................
15
EXPERT WORKING GROUP EWG-14-10 REPORT
.............................................................................................................
16
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
...................................................................................................................................................
17
KEY FINDINGS
.....................................................................................................................................................................
18
1 INTRODUCTION
.....................................................................................................................................................
20
1.1 TERMS OF REFERENCE
.................................................................................................................................................
21 1.2 DATA COLLECTED UNDER DCF
......................................................................................................................................
22 1.3 DATA COVERAGE
........................................................................................................................................................
24
2 EU AQUACULTURE SECTOR OVERVIEW
.................................................................................................................
30
2.1 THE EU AQUACULTURE SECTOR
....................................................................................................................................
31 2.2 ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE OF THE EU AQUACULTURE SECTOR
............................................................................................
33
3 THE STRUCTURE OF THE EU AQUACULTURE SECTOR
.............................................................................................
39
3.1 MARINE AQUACULTURE
..............................................................................................................................................
42 3.2 SHELLFISH AQUACULTURE
............................................................................................................................................
57 3.3 FRESHWATER AQUACULTURE
........................................................................................................................................
80
4 NATIONAL CHAPTERS
............................................................................................................................................
93
4.1 AUSTRIA
................................................................................................................................................................
94 4.2 BELGIUM
...............................................................................................................................................................
96 4.3 BULGARIA
..............................................................................................................................................................
98 4.4 CROATIA
..............................................................................................................................................................
113 4.5 CYPRUS
................................................................................................................................................................
128 4.6 CZECH REPUBLIC
.................................................................................................................................................
139 4.7 DENMARK
...........................................................................................................................................................
142 4.8 ESTONIA
..............................................................................................................................................................
158 4.9 FINLAND
..............................................................................................................................................................
169 4.10 FRANCE
...............................................................................................................................................................
184 4.11 GERMANY
............................................................................................................................................................
202 4.12 GREECE
................................................................................................................................................................
209 4.13 HUNGARY
............................................................................................................................................................
217 4.14 IRELAND
..............................................................................................................................................................
219 4.15
ITALY....................................................................................................................................................................
236 4.16 LATVIA
.................................................................................................................................................................
256 4.17 LITHUANIA
...........................................................................................................................................................
261 4.18 MALTA
.................................................................................................................................................................
266 4.19
NETHERLANDS.....................................................................................................................................................
275 4.20 POLAND
...............................................................................................................................................................
289 4.21 PORTUGAL
...........................................................................................................................................................
297 4.22 ROMANIA
............................................................................................................................................................
312 4.23 SLOVAKIA
............................................................................................................................................................
328 4.24 SLOVENIA
............................................................................................................................................................
331
-
2 2
4.25 SPAIN
...................................................................................................................................................................
345 4.26 SWEDEN
..............................................................................................................................................................
364 4.27 UNITED KINGDOM
...............................................................................................................................................
380
5 SPECIAL TOPIC: AREAS FOR GROWTH IN THE EU AQUACULTURE SECTOR.
.......................................................... 391
5.1 EU OVERVIEW
........................................................................................................................................................
391 5.2 REGULATION OF
EXTERNALITIES...................................................................................................................................
393 5.3 ADMINISTRATIVE AND REGULATORY BARRIERS
...............................................................................................................
397 5.4 FOCUS ON TECHNICAL EXTERNALITIES AFFECTING GROWTH
...............................................................................................
401 5.5 SUMMARY ON EXTERNALITIES AFFECTING GROWTH
.........................................................................................................
405
6 GLOSSARY
...........................................................................................................................................................
430
6.1 PARAMETERS REQUESTED
..........................................................................................................................................
430 6.2 INDICATORS CALCULATED
...........................................................................................................................................
436
REFERENCES
.................................................................................................................................................................
440
APPENDICES
.................................................................................................................................................................
443
1. SEGMENT CODES
..........................................................................................................................................................
443 2. DATA
.........................................................................................................................................................................
444 3. CONTACT DETAILS OF STECF MEMBERS AND EWG-14-10 LIST OF
PARTICIPANTS
....................................................................
444
-
3 3
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 2.1: World and EU-28 seafood production (capture and
aquaculture):
1990-2012....................................................................................................
30
Figure 2.2: Aquaculture production in EU Member States in terms
of weight: 2012.
...........................................................................................................
31
Figure 2.3: Aquaculture production in EU Member States in terms
of value: 2012.
.............................................................................................................
32
Figure 2.4: Total sales weight and turnover in the EU
Aquaculture sector per MS: 2012.
....................................................................................................
34
Figure 2.5: Numbers of Employees and FTEs in the Member States
Aquaculture sector: 2012.
..........................................................................................
35
Figure 2.6: Average wage in the EU Aquaculture sector per MS:
2012.
................................................................................................................................
36
Figure 3.1: EU (28) aquaculture production in weight and value
by subsector: 1990-2012.
.................................................................................................
39
Figure 3.2: EU Aquaculture economic performance by subsector:
2012.
..............................................................................................................................
40
Figure 3.3: Main species produced in EU aquaculture: 2012.
...............................................................................................................................................
41
Figure 3.4: Main species produced in the EU marine aquaculture
facilities: 2012.
...............................................................................................................
44
Figure 3.5: Economic performance indicators for salmon
aquaculture: 2012.
......................................................................................................................
46
Figure 3.6: Economic performance indicators for salmon
aquaculture: 2008-2012.
.............................................................................................................
47
Figure 3.7: Development of economic performance for EU salmon
aquaculture: 2008-2012.
.............................................................................................
47
Figure 3.8: Costs breakdown for the EU salmon aquaculture:
2012......................................................................................................................................
48
Figure 3.9: Price evolution of the main species of salmon group:
2008-2012.
......................................................................................................................
48
Figure 3.10: Economic performance indicators for sea bass and
sea bream aquaculture: 2012.
..........................................................................................
51
Figure 3.11: Economic performance indicators for sea bass and
sea bream aquaculture: 2008-2012.
.................................................................................
52
Figure 3.12: Development of economic performance for the EU sea
bass and sea bream aquaculture: 2008-2012.
........................................................... 53
Figure 3.13: Costs breakdown for the EU sea bass and sea bream
aquaculture: 2012.
........................................................................................................
54
Figure 3.14: Price evolution of the main species of sea bass and
sea bream group: 2008-2012.
..........................................................................................
55
Figure 3.15: Main species, produced in the other marine fish
farming facilities: 2012.
........................................................................................................
56
Figure 3.16: Main species, produced in the EU shellfish farming
facilities: 2012.
.................................................................................................................
59
Figure 3.17: Development of economic performance for the EU
mussel aquaculture: 2008-2012.
......................................................................................
62
Figure 3.18: Costs breakdown for the EU mussel aquaculture:
2012.
...................................................................................................................................
63
Figure 3.19 Principle of Mussel cultivation in Germany and The
Netherlands
......................................................................................................................
65
Figure 3.20: Economic performance indicators for mussel
aquaculture: 2008-2012.
...........................................................................................................
66
Figure 3.21: Price evolution of the main species of mussel
group: 2008-2012.
....................................................................................................................
66
Figure 3.22: Economic performance indicators for oyster
aquaculture: 2012.
.....................................................................................................................
70
Figure 3.23: Economic performance indicators for oyster
aquaculture: 2008-2012.
............................................................................................................
71
Figure 3.24: Development of economic performance for the EU
oyster aquaculture: 2008-2012.
.......................................................................................
72
Figure 3.25: Costs breakdown for the EU oyster aquaculture:
2012.
....................................................................................................................................
73
Figure 3.26: Price evolution of the main species of oyster
group:
2008-2012.......................................................................................................................
74
Figure 3.27: Economic performance indicators for clam
aquaculture: 2012.
........................................................................................................................
76
Figure 3.28: Economic performance indicators for clam
aquaculture: 2008-2012.
...............................................................................................................
77
Figure 3.29: Development of economic performance for the EU clam
aquaculture: 2008-2012.
.........................................................................................
77
Figure 3.30: Costs breakdown for the EU clam aquaculture: 2012.
.......................................................................................................................................
78
Figure 3.31: Price evolution of the main species of oyster
group:
2008-2012.......................................................................................................................
78
Figure 3.32: Main species, produced in the other shellfish
farming facilities: 2012.
.............................................................................................................
79
Figure 3.33: Main species, produced in the EU Member States
excluding land lock countries freshwater farming facilities:
2012...................................... 82
Figure 3.34: Economic performance indicators for trout
aquaculture: 2012.
.......................................................................................................................
84
Figure 3.35: Economic performance indicators for trout
aquaculture: 2008-2012.
..............................................................................................................
85
Figure 3.36: Development of economic performance for the EU
trout aquaculture: 2008-2012.
.........................................................................................
86
Figure 3.37: Costs breakdown for the EU trout aquaculture: 2012.
......................................................................................................................................
86
-
4 4
Figure 3.38: Price evolution of the main species of trout group:
2008-2012.
.......................................................................................................................
87
Figure 3.39: Economic performance indicators for carp
aquaculture: 2012.
........................................................................................................................
89
Figure 3.40: Economic performance indicators for carp
aquaculture: 2008-2012.
...............................................................................................................
90
Figure 3.41: Costs breakdown for the EU carp aquaculture: 2012.
.......................................................................................................................................
90
Figure 3.42: Price evolution of the main species of carp group:
2008-2012.
.........................................................................................................................
91
Figure 3.43: Main species, produced in the other freshwater
farming facilities: 2012.
........................................................................................................
91
Figure 4.1.1 Main species in terms of weight and value in
Austrian production: 2012.
........................................................................................................
95
Figure 4.1.2 Average prices for the main species produced in
Austria: 2008-2012.
..............................................................................................................
95
Figure 4.2.1 Main species in terms of weight and value in
Belgian production: 2011.
..........................................................................................................
97
Figure 4.3.1 Employment trends for Bulgaria: 2008-2012.
..................................................................................................................................................
100
Figure 4.3.2 Income, costs, wages and labour productivity trends
for Bulgaria: 2008-2012.
..............................................................................................
101
Figure 4.3.3 Economic performance for Bulgaria: 2008-2012
.............................................................................................................................................
103
Figure 4.3.4 Main species in terms of weight and value in
Bulgarian production: 2012.
....................................................................................................
103
Figure 4.3.5 Average prices for the main species produced in
Bulgaria: 2008-2012.
..........................................................................................................
104
Figure 4.3.6 Structural development of Bulgarian aquaculture
sector: 2008-2012.
............................................................................................................
105
Figure 4.3.7 Economic performance indicators for the main
Bulgarian segments: 2008-2012.
..........................................................................................
107
Figure 4.3.8 Cost structure of the main segments in Bulgaria:
2012.
..................................................................................................................................
108
Figure 4.3.9 Feed and livestock prices for the main Bulgarian
segments: 2008-2012.
........................................................................................................
109
Figure 4.3.10 Comparison of DCF data with EUROSTAT data for
Bulgaria: 2008-2012
........................................................................................................
112
Figure 4.4.1 Employment trends for Croatia: 2008-2012.
...................................................................................................................................................
115
Figure 4.4.2 Income, costs, wages and labour productivity trends
for Croatia: 2008-2012.
...............................................................................................
115
Figure 4.4.3 Economic performance for Croatia:
2008-2012...............................................................................................................................................
117
Figure 4.4.4 Main species in terms of weight and value in
Croatian production: 2012.
......................................................................................................
118
Figure 4.4.5 Average prices for the main species produced in
Croatia: 2008-2012.
............................................................................................................
118
Figure 4.4.6 Structural development Croatian aquaculture sector:
2008-2012.
.................................................................................................................
120
Figure 4.4.7 Economic performance indicators for the main
Croatian segments: 2008-2012.
............................................................................................
122
Figure 4.4.8 Cost structure of the main segments in Croatia:
2012.
...................................................................................................................................
123
Figure 4.4.9 Feed and livestock prices for the main Croatian
segments:
2008-2012...........................................................................................................
124
Figure 4.4.10 Comparison of DCF data with EUROSTAT data for
Croatia: 2008-2012
.........................................................................................................
127
Figure 4.5.1 Employment trends for Cyprus: 2008-2012.
....................................................................................................................................................
130
Figure 4.5.2 Income, costs, wages and labour productivity trends
for Cyprus: 2008-2012.
................................................................................................
130
Figure 4.5.3 Economic performance for Cyprus: 2008-2012
...............................................................................................................................................
132
Figure 4.5.4 Main species in terms of weight and value in Cyprus
production:
2012..........................................................................................................
133
Figure 4.5.5 Average prices for the main species produced in
Cyprus: 2008-2012.
............................................................................................................
133
Figure 4.5.6 Structural development Cyprian aquaculture sector:
2008-2012.
...................................................................................................................
134
Figure 4.5.7 Economic performance indicators for the main
Cyprian segments: 2008-2012.
.............................................................................................
135
Figure 4.5.8 Cost structure of the main segments in Cyprus:
2012.
....................................................................................................................................
136
Figure 4.5.9 Comparison of DCF data with EUROSTAT data for
Cyprus: 2008-2012
............................................................................................................
138
Figure 4.6.1 Main species in terms of weight and value in Czech
Republic production:
2012.............................................................................................
140
Figure 4.6.2 Average prices for the main species produced in
Czech Republic: 2008-2012.
...............................................................................................
140
Figure 4.7.1 Employment trends for Denmark: 2008-2012.
................................................................................................................................................
144
Figure 4.7.2 Income, costs, wages and labour productivity trends
for Denmark: 2008-2012.
............................................................................................
145
Figure 4.7.3 Economic performance for Denmark: 2008-2012
...........................................................................................................................................
147
Figure 4.7.4 Main species in terms of weight and value in Danish
production: 2012.
.........................................................................................................
148
Figure 4.7.5 Average prices for the main species produced in
Denmark: 2008-2012.
.........................................................................................................
148
Figure 4.7.6 Structural development Danish aquaculture sector:
2008-2012.
....................................................................................................................
150
-
5 5
Figure 4.7.7 Economic performance indicators for the main Danish
segments: 2008-2012.
..............................................................................................
152
Figure 4.7.8 Cost structure of the main segments in Denmark:
2012.
................................................................................................................................
153
Figure 4.7.9 Feed and livestock prices for the main Danish
segments: 2008-2012.
............................................................................................................
154
Figure 4.7.10 Comparison of DCF data with EUROSTAT data for
Denmark: 2008-2012
......................................................................................................
157
Figure 4.8.1 Employment trends for Estonia (primary trout
farming enterprises): 2008-2012.
..........................................................................................
160
Figure 4.8.2 Income, costs, wages and labour productivity trends
for primary trout farming enterprises in Estonia: 2008-2012.
..................................... 160
Figure 4.8.3 Economic performance for Estonia (primary trout
farming enterprises): 2008-2012
.....................................................................................
162
Figure 4.8.4 Main species in terms of weight and value in
Estonia production: 2012.
........................................................................................................
162
Figure 4.8.5 Average prices for the main species produced in
Estonia:
2008-2012.............................................................................................................
163
Figure 4.8.6 Structural development Estonian aquaculture sector:
2008-2012.
.................................................................................................................
164
Figure 4.8.7 Economic performance indicators for the main
Estonian segments: 2008-2012.
...........................................................................................
165
Figure 4.8.8 Cost structure of the main segments in Estonia:
2012.
...................................................................................................................................
166
Figure 4.8.9 Feed and livestock prices for the main Estonian
segments: 2008-2012.
.........................................................................................................
166
Figure 4.8.10 Comparison of DCF data with EUROSTAT data for
Estonia: 2008-2012
.........................................................................................................
168
Figure 4.9.1 Employment trends for Finland: 2008-2012.
...................................................................................................................................................
172
Figure 4.9.2 Income, costs, wages and labour productivity trends
for Finland: 2008-2012.
...............................................................................................
172
Figure 4.9.3 Economic performance for Finland: 2008-2012
..............................................................................................................................................
174
Figure 4.9.4 Main species in terms of weight and value in
Finland production: 2012.
........................................................................................................
175
Figure 4.9.5 Average prices for the main species produced in
Finland:
2008-2012.............................................................................................................
175
Figure 4.9.6 Structural development Finish aquaculture sector:
2008-2012.
......................................................................................................................
176
Figure 4.9.7 Economic performance indicators for the main Finish
segments: 2008-2012.
................................................................................................
178
Figure 4.9.8 Cost structure of the main segments in Finland:
2012.
...................................................................................................................................
179
Figure 4.9.9 Feed and livestock prices for the main Finnish
segments: 2008-2012.
............................................................................................................
180
Figure 4.9.10 Comparison of DCF data with EUROSTAT data for
Finland: 2008-2012
.........................................................................................................
183
Figure 4.10.1 Employment trends for France: 2008-2012.
..................................................................................................................................................
187
Figure 4.10.2 Income, costs, wages and labour productivity
trends for France: 2008-2012.
..............................................................................................
187
Figure 4.10.3 Economic performance for France: 2008-2012
.............................................................................................................................................
189
Figure 4.10.4 Main species in terms of weight and value in
France production: 2012.
.......................................................................................................
190
Figure 4.10.5 Average prices for the main species produced in
France: 2008-2012.
..........................................................................................................
190
Figure 4.10.6 Structural development of French aquaculture
sector: 2008-2012.
..............................................................................................................
192
Figure 4.10.7 Economic performance indicators for the main
French segments: 2008-2012.
............................................................................................
195
Figure 4.10.8 Cost structure of the main segments in France:
2012.
..................................................................................................................................
196
Figure 4.10.9 Feed and livestock prices for the main French
segments: 2008-2012.
..........................................................................................................
197
Figure 4.10.10 Comparison of DCF data with EUROSTAT data for
France: 2008-2012
........................................................................................................
201
Figure 4.11.1 Main species in terms of weight and value in
German production: 2012.
.....................................................................................................
203
Figure 4.11.2 Average prices for the German blue mussels
segment: 2008-2012.
..............................................................................................................
206
Figure 4.11.3 Economic performance indicators for the German
blue mussels segment: 2008-2012.
...............................................................................
206
Figure 4.11.4 Comparison of DCF data with EUROSTAT data for
Germany: 2008-2012
......................................................................................................
208
Figure 4.12.1 Main species in terms of weight and value in Greek
production: 2012.
........................................................................................................
213
Figure 4.12.2 Structural development of Greek aquaculture
sector: 2008-2012.
...............................................................................................................
213
Figure 4.12.3 Comparison of DCF data with EUROSTAT data for
Greece: 2008-2012
.........................................................................................................
216
Figure 4.13.1 Main species in terms of weight and value in
Hungarian production: 2012.
.................................................................................................
218
Figure 4.13.2 Average prices for the main species produced in
Hungary: 2008-2012.
........................................................................................................
218
Figure 4.14.1 Employment trends for Ireland: 2008-2012.
.................................................................................................................................................
221
Figure 4.14.2 Income, costs, wages and labour productivity
trends for Ireland: 2008-2012.
..............................................................................................
222
Figure 4.14.3 Economic performance for Ireland: 2008-2012
.............................................................................................................................................
224
-
6 6
Figure 4.14.4 Main species in terms of weight and value in
Ireland production: 2012.
......................................................................................................
225
Figure 4.14.5 Average prices for the main species produced in
Ireland: 2008-2012.
..........................................................................................................
225
Figure 4.14.6 Structural development of Irish aquaculture
sector: 2008-2012.
..................................................................................................................
226
Figure 4.14.7 Economic performance indicators for the main Irish
segments: 2008-2012.
................................................................................................
228
Figure 4.14.8 Cost structure of the main segments in Ireland:
2012.
..................................................................................................................................
229
Figure 4.14.9 Feed and livestock prices for the main Irish
segments: 2008-2012.
..............................................................................................................
230
Figure 4.14.10 Comparison of DCF data with EUROSTAT data for
Ireland: 2008-2012
.......................................................................................................
234
Figure 4.15.1 Employment trends for Italy: 2008-2012.
......................................................................................................................................................
239
Figure 4.15.2 Income, costs, wages and labour productivity
trends for Italy: 2008-2012.
..................................................................................................
240
Figure 4.15.3 Economic performance for Italy: 2008-2012
.................................................................................................................................................
242
Figure 4.15.4 Main species in terms of weight and value in Italy
production: 2012.
...........................................................................................................
243
The Figure 4.15.5 of the trend in prices, the group of species
with the best performance of price is represented by "freshwater
fish nei". This group contains the production of sturgeon intended
for the production of caviar.
......................................................................................................................
243
Figure 4.15.6 Structural development of Italian aquaculture
sector: 2008-2012.
...............................................................................................................
244
Figure 4.15.7 Economic performance indicators for the main
Italian segments: 2008-2012.
.............................................................................................
246
Figure 4.15.8 Cost structure of the main segments in Italy:
2012.
......................................................................................................................................
248
Figure 4.15.9 Feed and livestock prices for the main Italian
segments: 2008-2012.
...........................................................................................................
250
Figure 4.15.10 Comparison of DCF data with EUROSTAT data for
Italy: 2008-2012
............................................................................................................
255
Figure 4.16.1 Main species in terms of weight and value in
Latvian production: 2012.
......................................................................................................
258
Figure 4.16.2 Average prices for the main species produced in
Latvia: 2008-2012.
............................................................................................................
258
Figure 4.17.1 Main species in terms of weight and value in
Lithuanian production: 2012.
.................................................................................................
263
Figure 4.17.2 Average prices for the main species produced in
Lithuania: 2008-2012.
......................................................................................................
264
Figure 4.18.1 Employment trends for Malta: 2008-2012.
...................................................................................................................................................
268
Figure 4.18.2 Income, costs, wages and labour productivity
trends for Malta: 2008-2012.
................................................................................................
269
Figure 4.18.3 Economic performance for Malta: 2008-2012
...............................................................................................................................................
271
Figure 4.18.4 Main species in terms of weight and value in Malta
production: 2012.
........................................................................................................
271
Figure 4.18.5 Average prices for the main species produced in
Malta: 2008-2012.
............................................................................................................
272
Figure 4.18.6 Comparison of DCF data with EUROSTAT data for
Malta: 2008-2012
...........................................................................................................
274
Figure 4.19.1 Employment trends for the Netherlands: 2008-2012.
...................................................................................................................................
277
Figure 4.19.2 Income, costs, wages and labour productivity
trends for the Netherlands: 2008-2012.
...............................................................................
278
Figure 4.19.3 Economic performance for the Netherlands:
2008-2012
..............................................................................................................................
280
Figure 4.19.4 Main species in terms of weight and value in Dutch
production: 2011.
........................................................................................................
280
Figure 4.19.5 Average prices for the main species produced in
the Netherlands: 2008-2012.
...........................................................................................
281
Figure 4.19.6 Structural development of Dutch aquaculture
sector: 2008-2012.
...............................................................................................................
282
Figure 4.19.7 Economic performance indicators for the main Dutch
segments: 2008-2012.
..............................................................................................
284
Figure 4.19.8 Cost structure of the main segments in the
Netherlands: 2011.
...................................................................................................................
285
Figure 4.19.9 Feed and livestock prices for the main Dutch
segments:
2008-2012.............................................................................................................
285
Figure 4.19.10 Comparison of DCF data with EUROSTAT data for the
Netherlands: 2008-2012
.........................................................................................
288
Figure 4.20.1 Main species in terms of weight and value in
Polish production: 2012.
........................................................................................................
292
Figure 4.20.2 Average prices for the main species produced in
Poland: 2008-2012.
..........................................................................................................
292
Figure 4.20.3 Economic performance indicators for the main
Polish segments: 2008-2012.
..............................................................................................
293
Figure 4.20.4 Cost structure of the main segments in Poland:
2012.
..................................................................................................................................
294
Figure 4.21.1 Employment trends for Portugal: 2008-2012.
...............................................................................................................................................
299
Figure 4.21.2 Income, costs, wages and labour productivity
trends for Portugal:
2008-2012.............................................................................................
299
Figure 4.21.3 Economic performance for Portugal: 2008-2012
...........................................................................................................................................
301
Figure 4.21.4 Main species in terms of weight and value in
Portugal production: 2012.
....................................................................................................
302
-
7 7
Figure 4.21.5 Average prices for the main species produced in
Portugal: 2008-2012.
........................................................................................................
302
Figure 4.21.6 Structural development of Portuguese aquaculture
sector: 2008-2012.
.......................................................................................................
303
Figure 4.21.7 Economic performance indicators for the main
Portuguese segments: 2008-2012.
.....................................................................................
305
Figure 4.21.8 Cost structure of the main segments in Portugal:
2012.................................................................................................................................
306
Figure 4.21.9 Feed and livestock prices for the main Portuguese
segments: 2008-2012.
...................................................................................................
307
Figure 4.21.10 Comparison of DCF data with EUROSTAT data for
Portugal: 2008-2012
.....................................................................................................
311
Figure 4.22.1 Employment trends for Romania: 2009-2012.
...............................................................................................................................................
314
Figure 4.22.2 Income, costs, wages and labour productivity
trends for Romania: 2009-2012.
...........................................................................................
315
Figure 4.22.3 Economic performance for Romania: 2009-2012
..........................................................................................................................................
317
Figure 4.22.4 Main species in terms of weight and value in
Romania production: 2012.
...................................................................................................
318
Figure 4.22.5 Structural development of Romanian aquaculture
sector: 2008-2012.
.........................................................................................................
319
Figure 4.22.6 Economic performance indicators for the main
Romanian segments: 2009-2012.
.......................................................................................
321
Figure 4.22.7 Cost structure of the main segments in Romania:
2012.
...............................................................................................................................
322
Figure 4.22.8 Feed and livestock prices for the main Romanian
segments: 2009-2012.
.....................................................................................................
323
Figure 4.22.9 Comparison of DCF data with EUROSTAT data for
Romania: 2008-2012
.......................................................................................................
327
Figure 4.23.1 Main species in terms of weight and value in
Slovakian production: 2012.
..................................................................................................
329
Figure 4.23.2 Average prices for the main species produced in
Slovakia: 2008-2012.
........................................................................................................
329
Figure 4.24.1 Employment trends for Slovenia: 2008-2012.
...............................................................................................................................................
334
Figure 4.24.2 Income, costs, wages and labour productivity
trends for Slovenia: 2008-2012.
............................................................................................
335
Figure 4.24.3 Economic performance for Slovenia: 2008-2012
...........................................................................................................................................
337
Figure 4.24.4 Main species in terms of weight and value in
Slovenia production: 2012.
....................................................................................................
338
Figure 4.24.5 Average prices for the main species produced in
Slovenia: 2008-2012.
........................................................................................................
338
Figure 4.24.6 Structural development of Slovenian aquaculture
sector: 2008-2012.
.........................................................................................................
339
Figure 4.24.7 Economic performance indicators for the main
Slovenian segments: 2008-2012.
........................................................................................
340
Figure 4.24.8 Cost structure of the main segments in Slovenia:
2012.
................................................................................................................................
341
Figure 4.24.9 Feed and livestock prices for the main Slovenian
segments: 2008-2012.
......................................................................................................
341
Figure 4.24.10 Comparison of DCF data with EUROSTAT data for
Slovenia: 2008-2012
.....................................................................................................
344
Figure 4.25.1 Employment trends for Spain: 2008-2012.
....................................................................................................................................................
349
Figure 4.25.2 Income, costs, wages and labour productivity
trends for Spain: 2008-2012.
................................................................................................
349
Figure 4.25.3 Economic performance for Spain: 2008-2012
...............................................................................................................................................
352
Figure 4.25.4 Main species in terms of weight and value in
Spanish production: 2012.
.....................................................................................................
353
Figure 4.25.5 Average prices for the main species produced in
Spain: 2008-2012.
............................................................................................................
353
Figure 4.25.6 Structural development of Spanish aquaculture
sector: 2008-2012.
............................................................................................................
354
Figure 4.25.7 Economic performance indicators for the main
Spanish segments: 2008-2012.
...........................................................................................
357
Figure 4.25.8 Cost structure of the main segments in Spain:
2012.
....................................................................................................................................
358
Figure 4.25.9 Feed and livestock prices for the main Spanish
segments: 2008-2012.
.........................................................................................................
359
Figure 4.25.10 Comparison of DCF data with EUROSTAT data for
Spain: 2008-2012
..........................................................................................................
363
Figure 4.26.1 Employment trends for Sweden: 2008-2012.
................................................................................................................................................
366
Figure 4.26.2 Income, costs, wages and labour productivity
trends for Sweden: 2008-2012.
............................................................................................
367
Figure 4.26.3 Economic performance for Sweden: 2008-2012
...........................................................................................................................................
369
Figure 4.26.4 Main species in terms of weight and value in
Sweden production: 2012.
.....................................................................................................
369
Figure 4.26.5 Average prices for the main species produced in
Sweden:
2008-2012..........................................................................................................
370
Figure 4.26.6 Structural development of Swedish aquaculture
sector: 2008-2012.
............................................................................................................
372
Figure 4.26.7 Economic performance indicators for the main
Swedish segments: 2008-2012.
..........................................................................................
374
Figure 4.26.8 Cost structure of the main segments in Sweden:
2012.
................................................................................................................................
375
Figure 4.26.9 Feed and livestock prices for the main Swedish
segments: 2008-2012.
........................................................................................................
376
-
8 8
Figure 4.26.10 Comparison of DCF data with EUROSTAT data for
Swedish:
2008-2012......................................................................................................
379
Figure 4.27.1 Main species in terms of weight and value in UK
production: 2012.
.............................................................................................................
384
Figure 4.27.2 Average prices for the main species produced in
UK: 2008-2012.
.................................................................................................................
385
Figure 4.27.3 Structural development of UK aquaculture sector:
2008-2012.
....................................................................................................................
386
Figure 4.27.4 Comparison of DCF data with EUROSTAT data for UK:
2008-2012
................................................................................................................
390
Figure 5.1: Growth in aquaculture production in selected
countries 1990-2012 (1990=1).
................................................................................................
391
Figure 5.2: World aquaculture production by continent and EU
share (volume and value): 19902012
.............................................................................
392
Figure 5.3: Efficient level of output
.....................................................................................................................................................................................
393
-
9 9
LIST OF TABLES Table 1.1: List of economic variables for the
aquaculture sector
..........................................................................................................................................
22
Table 1.2. Comparison of the DCF turnover provided for 2012 with
EUROSTAT value of production
...................................................................................
25
Table 1.3. Comparison of DCF sales volume provided for 2012 with
EUROSTAT weight of production
................................................................................
26
Table 1.4. Coverage of the data provided during the data calls
at National total level 2008-2012
.......................................................................................
28
Table 1.5. Coverage of the data provided during the data calls
at aquaculture segment level 2008-2012
...........................................................................
29
Table 2.1: Economic and employment indicators for the EU
aquaculture sector: 2012.
.......................................................................................................
33
Table 2.2: Economic performance Indicators for the EU
aquaculture sector: 2012.
.............................................................................................................
37
Table 3.1: Economic indicators for the EU marine aquaculture:
2012.
.................................................................................................................................
42
Table 3.2: Economic Performance indicators for the EU marine
aquaculture: 2012.
............................................................................................................
43
Table 3.3: Economic indicators for EU salmon aquaculture: 2012.
.......................................................................................................................................
45
Table 3.4: Economic performance indicators for EU salmon
aquaculture: 2012.
..................................................................................................................
46
Table 3.5: Economic indicators for the EU seabass & seabream
aquaculture: 2012.
............................................................................................................
50
Table 3.6: Economic Performance indicators for the EU sea bass
and sea bream aquaculture: 2012.
.................................................................................
51
Table 3.7: Economic indicators for the EU aquaculture shellfish
subsector: 2012.
...............................................................................................................
57
Table 3.8: Economic Performance indicators for the EU
aquaculture shellfish subsector: 2012.
..........................................................................................
58
Table 3.9: Economic indicators for the EU mussel aquaculture:
2012.
..................................................................................................................................
60
Table 3.10: Economic Performance indicators for the EU mussel
aquaculture: 2012.
..........................................................................................................
64
Table 3.11: Future Expectation Indicator
.............................................................................................................................................................................
67
Table 3.12: Economic indicators for the EU oyster aquaculture:
2012.
.................................................................................................................................
69
Table 3.13: Economic Performance indicators for the EU oyster
aquaculture: 2012.
...........................................................................................................
70
Table 3.14: Economic indicators for the EU clam aquaculture:
2012.
...................................................................................................................................
75
Table 3.15: Economic Performance indicators for the EU clam
aquaculture: 2012.
..............................................................................................................
76
Table 3.16: Economic indicators for the EU aquaculture
freshwater subsector: 2012.
.........................................................................................................
80
Table 3.17: Economic Performance indicators for the EU
aquaculture freshwater subsector: 2012.
...................................................................................
81
Table 3.18: Economic indicators for the EU trout aquaculture:
2012.
...................................................................................................................................
83
Table 3.19: Economic Performance indicators for the EU trout
aquaculture: 2012.
.............................................................................................................
85
Table 3.20: Economic indicators for the EU carp aquaculture:
2012.
....................................................................................................................................
88
Table 3.21: Economic performance indicators for EU carp
aquaculture: 2012.
....................................................................................................................
89
Table 4.1.1 Production and sales for Austria: 2008-2012.
.....................................................................................................................................................
94
Table 4.2.1 Production and sales for Belgium: 2008-2012.
...................................................................................................................................................
96
Table 4.3.1 Production and sales for Bulgaria: 2008-2012.
...................................................................................................................................................
99
Table 4.3.2 Structure of the Bulgarian aquaculture sector:
2008-2012.
..............................................................................................................................
100
Table 4.3.3 Economic performance of the Bulgarian aquaculture
sector: 2008-2012.
........................................................................................................
102
Table 4.3.4 Economic performance of main Bulgarian aquaculture
segments: 2008-2012 (in million ).
...........................................................................
106
Table 4.4.1 Production and sales for Croatia: 2008-2012.
...................................................................................................................................................
114
Table 4.4.2 Structure of the Croatian aquaculture sector:
2008-2012.
...............................................................................................................................
114
Table 4.4.3 Economic performance of the Croatian aquaculture
sector: 2008-2012.
.........................................................................................................
116
Table 4.4.4 Economic performance of main Croatian aquaculture
segments: 2008-2012 (in million ).
............................................................................
121
Table 4.5.1 Production and sales for Cyprus: 2008-2012.
...................................................................................................................................................
129
Table 4.5.2 Structure of the Cyprian aquaculture sector:
2008-2012.
.................................................................................................................................
129
Table 4.5.3 Economic performance of the Cyprian aquaculture
sector: 2008-2012.
..........................................................................................................
131
Table 4.5.4 Economic performance of main Cyprian aquaculture
segments: 2008-2012 (in million
)...............................................................................
135
Table 4.6.1 Production and sales for Czech Republic: 2008-2012.
......................................................................................................................................
139
Table 4.7.1 Production and sales for Denmark: 2008-2012.
................................................................................................................................................
143
-
10 10
Table 4.7.2 Structure of the Danish aquaculture sector:
2008-2012.
..................................................................................................................................
144
Table 4.7.3 Economic performance of the Danish aquaculture
sector: 2008-2012.
............................................................................................................
146
Table 4.7.4 Economic performance of main Danish aquaculture
segments: 2008-2012 (in million ).
...............................................................................
151
Table 4.8.1 Production and sales for primary trout farming
enterprises in Estonia: 2008-2012.
........................................................................................
159
Table 4.8.2 Structure of the Estonian aquaculture sector
(primary trout farming enterprises): 2008-2012.
......................................................................
159
Table 4.8.3 Economic performance of the Estonian aquaculture
sector (primary trout farming enterprises): 2008-2012.
................................................ 161
Table 4.8.4 Economic performance of main Estonian aquaculture
segments: 2008-2012 (in million ).
............................................................................
165
Table 4.9.1 Production and sales for Finland:
2008-2012....................................................................................................................................................
170
Table 4.9.2 Structure of the Finish aquaculture sector:
2008-2012.
...................................................................................................................................
171
Table 4.9.3 Economic performance of the Finish aquaculture
sector: 2008-2012.
.............................................................................................................
173
Table 4.9.4 Economic performance of main Finish aquaculture
segments: 2008-2012 (in million ).
................................................................................
177
Table 4.10.1 Production and sales for France: 2008-2012.
.................................................................................................................................................
186
Table 4.10.2 Structure of the French aquaculture sector:
2008-2012.
................................................................................................................................
186
Table 4.10.3 Economic performance of the French aquaculture
sector: 2008-2012.
..........................................................................................................
188
Table 4.10.4 Economic performance of main French aquaculture
segments: 2008-2012 (in million ).
.............................................................................
194
Table 4.11.1 Production and sales for Germany: 2008-2012.
..............................................................................................................................................
203
Table 4.11.2 Structure of the German blue mussels segment:
2008-2012.
.........................................................................................................................
204
Table 4.11.3 Economic performance of the German blue mussel
segment: 2008-2012.
....................................................................................................
205
Table 4.12.1 Production and sales for Greece: 2008-2012.
.................................................................................................................................................
210
Table 4.12.2 Structure of the Greek aquaculture sector:
2008-2012.
.................................................................................................................................
211
Table 4.12.3 Economic performance of the Greek aquaculture
sector: 2008-2012.
...........................................................................................................
212
Table 4.13.1 Production and sales for Hungary: 2008-2012.
...............................................................................................................................................
217
Table 4.14.1 Production and sales for Ireland: 2008-2012.
.................................................................................................................................................
220
Table 4.14.2 Structure of the Irish aquaculture sector:
2008-2012.
....................................................................................................................................
221
Table 4.14.3 Economic performance of the Irish aquaculture
sector: 2008-2012.
..............................................................................................................
223
Table 4.14.4 Economic performance of main Irish aquaculture
segments: 2008-2012 (in million ).
.................................................................................
227
Table 4.15.1 Production and sales for Italy: 2008-2012.
.....................................................................................................................................................
237
Table 4.15.2 Structure of the Italian aquaculture sector:
2008-2012.
.................................................................................................................................
238
Table 4.15.3 Economic performance of the Italian aquaculture
sector: 2008-2012.
...........................................................................................................
241
Table 4.15.4 Economic performance of main Italian aquaculture
segments: 2008-2012 (in million ).
..............................................................................
245
Table 4.16.1 Production and sales for Latvia: 2008-2012.
...................................................................................................................................................
257
Table 4.17.1 Production and sales for Lithuania:
2008-2012...............................................................................................................................................
262
Table 4.18.1 Production and sales for Malta: 2008-2012.
...................................................................................................................................................
267
Table 4.18.2 Structure of the Maltese aquaculture sector:
2008-2012.
..............................................................................................................................
268
Table 4.18.3 Economic performance of the Maltese aquaculture
sector: 2008-2012.
........................................................................................................
270
Table 4.19.1 Production and sales for the Netherlands:
2008-2012.
..................................................................................................................................
276
Table 4.19.2 Structure of the Dutch aquaculture sector:
2008-2012.
.................................................................................................................................
277
Table 4.19.3 Economic performance of the Dutch aquaculture
sector: 2008-2012.
...........................................................................................................
279
Table 4.19.4 Economic performance of main Dutch aquaculture
segments: 2008-2012 (in million ).
..............................................................................
283
Table 4.20.1 Production and sales for Poland: 2008-2012.
.................................................................................................................................................
290
Table 4.20.2 Structure of the Polish aquaculture sector:
2008-2012.
.................................................................................................................................
291
Table 4.20.3 Economic performance of main Polish aquaculture
segments: 2008-2012 (in million ).
..............................................................................
293
Table 4.21.1 Production and sales for Portugal: 2008-2012.
...............................................................................................................................................
298
Table 4.21.2 Structure of the Portuguese aquaculture sector:
2008-2012.
.........................................................................................................................
298
Table 4.21.3 Economic performance of the Portugal aquaculture
sector: 2008-2012.
.......................................................................................................
300
Table 4.21.4 Economic performance of main Portuguese aquaculture
segments: 2008-2012 (in million ).
.....................................................................
304
-
11 11
Table 4.22.1 Production and sales for Romania: 2009-2012.
..............................................................................................................................................
313
Table 4.22.2 Structure of the Romanian aquaculture sector:
2009-2012.
...........................................................................................................................
314
Table 4.22.3 Economic performance of the Romanian aquaculture
sector: 2009-2012.
....................................................................................................
316
Table 4.22.4 Economic performance of main Romanian aquaculture
segments: 2009-2012 (in million
).........................................................................
320
Table 4.23.1 Production and sales for Slovakia: 2008-2012.
...............................................................................................................................................
328
Table 4.24.1 Production and sales for Slovenia: 2008-2012.
...............................................................................................................................................
332
Table 4.24.2 Structure of the Slovenian aquaculture sector:
2008-2012.
...........................................................................................................................
334
Table 4.24.3 Economic performance of the Slovenian aquaculture
sector: 2008-2012.
.....................................................................................................
336
Table 4.24.4 Economic performance of main Slovenian aquaculture
segments: 2008-2012 (in million ).
........................................................................
340
Table 4.25.1 Production and sales for Spain:
2008-2012.....................................................................................................................................................
347
Table 4.25.2 Structure of the Spanish aquaculture sector:
2008-2012.
..............................................................................................................................
348
Table 4.25.3 Economic performance of the Spanish aquaculture
sector: 2008-2012.
........................................................................................................
350
Table 4.25.4 Economic performance of main Spanish aquaculture
segments: 2008-2012 (in million ).
...........................................................................
356
Table 4.26.1 Production and sales for Sweden: 2008-2012.
................................................................................................................................................
365
Table 4.26.2 Structure of the Swedish aquaculture sector:
2008-2012.
..............................................................................................................................
366
Table 4.26.3 Economic performance of the Swedish aquaculture
sector: 2008-2012.
.......................................................................................................
368
Table 4.26.4 Economic performance of main Swedish aquaculture
segments: 2008-2012 (in million
)............................................................................
373
Table 4.27.1 Production and sales for UK: 2008-2012.
........................................................................................................................................................
381
Table 4.27.2 Structure of the UK aquaculture sector: 2008-2012.
......................................................................................................................................
382
Table 4.27.3 Economic performance of the UK aquaculture sector:
2008-2012.
................................................................................................................
383
-
12
SCIENTIFIC, TECHNICAL AND ECONOMIC COMMITTEE FOR FISHERIES
(STECF)
THE ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE OF THE EU AQUACULTURE SECTOR (STECF
14-18)
THIS REPORT WAS REVIEWED DURING THE PLENARY MEETING HELD IN
BRUSSELS
8-12 SEPTEMBER 2014
Background
Following the latest DCF call for economic data on the EU
aquaculture, EWG 14-10 is requested to analyse and comment on the
economic performance of the EU and national aquaculture sectors
between 2008 and 2012.
Previous editions of this report have been fundamentally
descriptive and have focused more on the presentation of data. This
year's report should provide a more analytical approach notably on
the drivers and aspects of policy relevance in aquaculture.
Analysis for variables and indicators not explored in previous
reports should be developed (e.g. debts, investments, raw material
volume and costs). Additionally, the issue of data quality remains
essential for the 2014 report.
In 2014, the Economic Report on EU aquaculture should have a
special chapter designed to deepen analysis on this sector.
Request to the STECF
STECF is requested to review the report of the STECF Expert
Working Group meeting, evaluate the findings and make any
appropriate comments and recommendations.
Introduction
The Expert Working Group 14-10 convened in September 2014 in
Ispra (Italy), to produce the 2014 Economic Performance of the
European Union Aquaculture sector report. The report reflects the
work by 24 external experts and 2 experts of JRC that attended the
meeting. Furthermore, 4 external experts were available by
correspondence.
This is the fourth report focusing on the performance of the
aquaculture sector and providing an overview of the latest
available information on the structure, social, economic and
competitive performance of the
-
13
aquaculture sector at national and EU level. The data used in
this publication covers the period from 2008 to 2012, and was
collected under the Data Collection Framework (DCF). The call for
data was issued by DG MARE on the 19th of May 2014. Member States
were requested to submit the data within one month after the call,
making the submission deadline the 19th of June 2014.
Observations of the STECF
The quality of the data submitted compared to the previous data
calls continues to improve. However, there are still issues with
several parameters that Member States should improve in the future.
Data checks were performed by the JRC before the meeting and
communicated to the Member States for possible corrections.
Furthermore, experts at the EWG meeting also checked the submitted
data. The checks resulted in data resubmissions by some MS after
the deadline and even after the EWG meeting. The data coverage
improved for 2012. This is to some extent was driven by the
improvements in UK and Cyprus data. This improves the current
analysis of the EU aquaculture sector. However, there is still room
for improvement especially on the economic indicators.
STECF notes that there were:
a) MSs submitting incomplete data sets with some parameters
missing thereby preventing an EU wide assessment of economic
performance (e.g. Greece representing 8.8% in weight of the EU
aquaculture sector), b) the Netherlands only provided data for 2008
2011. The Dutch aquaculture production represents 3.7% in weight
and 2.4% in terms of value of the EU aquaculture production in
2011. c) the coverage of UK data has improved but is has not been
possible to calculate all economic indicators (e.g. net profit) on
the segment level for 2011, as the data set was incomplete. Most of
variables are missing for the years 2008-2010. d) For France some
variables associated with some minor production segments are
missing. These segments represent around 5-7% of overall national
turnover. Therefore, it has not been possible for France to provide
all indicators that fully encompass the total national production.
e) In addition there are minor data issues in other countries
referred to in the report which prevent the analysis time series in
several cases
STECF notes that while data covering freshwater aquaculture
production is not mandatory, some MS did supply data. A mandatory
collection of data on freshwater aquaculture would give a much more
comprehensive overview of the economic performance of the sector
which is also very relevant to cover the whole fishing and
aquaculture production in Europe.
As data delivery for freshwater production is not mandatory and
not all countries deliver the data voluntarily, the EWG used other
data sources to give a more complete picture in volume and value of
aquaculture production within the EU. STECF observes that in 2013,
the working group included data from FAO and EUROSTAT. However,
from 2014 the EWG have decided only to use EUROSTAT data. The
reason behind this choice is firstly that FAO data actually is
based on data originating from EUROSTAT and secondly that FAO try
to estimate volume and value if data are missing in the EUROSTAT
dataset. For the later, the EWG experts have compared actual
figures with FAO estimation and concluded that these
-
14
estimates are not reliable for countries with minor aquaculture
productions, such as the land locked countries in EU. Taking this
into account, the EWG decided not to include FAO data. Instead,
only EUROSTAT data was used to cover the freshwater aquaculture
sector in landlocked countries, which account for 3.2% of weight
and 2.3% of value of the total EU28 aquaculture production in 2012.
Additionally, countries without marine aquaculture still have some
freshwater production. For example, Belgium has a production in the
freshwater aquaculture sector of 0.3% of weight and 0.2% of value
for the EU. STECF agrees with the approach taken by the EWG
Additionally, for the purpose of this analysis, the EU aquaculture
production for EU has been completed by including EUROSTAT data to
fill in the gaps of missing turnover and volume of sales in the
report. STECF observes that the 2012 DCF data included in table 2.1
relating to e.g. the number of companies and employment covers 90%
(75% in 2011 report) of total value of EU production (following
EUROSTAT total production). The necessary economic variables to
calculate economic performance of EU aquaculture sector at a
national level (see table 2.2 EWG 14-10) is available from the DCF
for 78% (70% in 2011) of value of production, while full economic
performance on segment level covered 75% (50% in 2011) of EU
aquaculture production value. STECF observes that there are several
obstacles to future growth of the aquaculture sector, e.g.:
a) Environmental legislation (esp. Marine Strategy Framework
Directive (MSFD) and Water Framework Directive (WFD)) may restrict
the issuing of new licenses inter alia limitation on the discharge
of nutrients. Where nutrient discharge is not permitted?, expensive
recirculation system would be required for additional production
capacities
b) Other environmental externalities, such as diseases which
spread to natural stocks (like the salmon lic