The Current OER Search Dilemma 6/22/2013 Ishan Abeywardena: Guest Lecture 24th and 27th June 2013 (STOU) 1 The Current OER Search Dilemma Guest Lecture 24 th and 27 th June 2013 Sukhothai Thammathirat Open University, Thailand Ishan Abeywardena MSc, MSc(Brunel), BSc(Bangalore), MIEEE, MBCS, MIET, MTA Senior Lecturer, School of Science and Technology Wawasan Open University Penang, Malaysia 1 Acknowledgement I express my gratitude to: – Assoc. Prof Dr. ChailerdPichitpornchai for extending me this kind invitation; – Ms. Rattip Phukkeson and all other colleagues at STOU for having me here. 2
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– Ms. Rattip Phukkeson and all other colleagues at
STOU for having me here.
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The Current OER Search Dilemma 6/22/2013
Ishan Abeywardena: Guest Lecture 24th
and 27th June 2013 (STOU) 2
Lecture Outline
• Review of the current OER search dilemma.
• Parametrically measuring the Desirability of
OER using D-index.
• OERScout Technology Framework: A Novel
Approach to OER Search.
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The Current OER Search Dilemma
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The Current OER Search Dilemma 6/22/2013
Ishan Abeywardena: Guest Lecture 24th
and 27th June 2013 (STOU) 3
Main Reference
Abeywardena, I.S., & Chan, C.S. (2013).
Review of the Current OER Search
Dilemma. Proceedings of the 57th World
Assembly of International Council on
Education for Teaching (ICET 2013),
Nonthaburi, Thailand.
Available at:
https://www.researchgate.net/publicatio
n/240310607_Review_of_the_Current_O
ER_Search_Dilemma?ev=prf_pub
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Talking Points
• Current State of OER
• The Dilemma
• Some Existing Solutions
– Pearson’s Project Blue Sky
– GLOBE
– LRMI
– OERScout
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The Current OER Search Dilemma 6/22/2013
Ishan Abeywardena: Guest Lecture 24th
and 27th June 2013 (STOU) 4
Current State of OER
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The Dilemma
So…how do I find the material I need for my
teaching
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The Current OER Search Dilemma 6/22/2013
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Literature
• ...The problem is in finding the resources, and more correctly finding the “right” resources. Using a regular search engine like Google to find content is not always a viable option as it will generate too many answers. There is, hence, a need to easily find relevant content...” (Hatakka, 2009)
• “searching this way (using existing search engines such as Google) might be a long and painful process as most of the results are not usable for educational purposes” (Pirkkalainen & Pawlowski, 2010)
• No single search engine is still able to locate resources from all the OER repositories (West & Victor, 2011)
• One of the major barriers to the use and re-use of OER is the difficulty of finding quality OER matching a specific context (Dichev & Dicheva, 2012)
• “…the problem with open content is not the lack of available resources on the Internet but the inability to locate suitable resources for academic use” (Unwin, 2005).
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Some Existing Solutions
• Google: “…searching this way might be a long and painful process as most of the results are not usable for educational purposes” (Pirkkalainen & Pawlowski, 2010).
• Federated Search: BRENHET2; OpeScout; Global Learning Object Brokered Exchange (GLOBE); and Pearson’s Project Blue Sky.
• Semantic Search: OER-CC ontology; the “Assistant” prototype; the “Folksemantic” project; and “Agrotags”.
Pirkkalainen, H., Pawlowski, J. (2010). Open Educational Resources and Social Software in Global E-Learning Settings. In Yliluoma, P. (Ed.)
Sosiaalinen Verkko-oppiminen. IMDL, Naantali, 23–40.10
Within the top 21-30 ranks of the search results 2
Within the top 11-20 ranks of the search results 3
Within the top 10 ranks of the search results 4
The level of relevance based on search rank (Vaughan, 2004)
• Users will only consider the top ten ranked results for a particular search
as the most relevant;
• Users will ignore the results below the top 30 ranks.
Vaughan, L. (2004). New measurements for search engine evaluation proposed and tested. Information Processing and Management 40, 677–691.27
Calculation
Original search results (OER Commons example)
Calculation of D-index
After application of D-index
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The Current OER Search Dilemma 6/22/2013
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Sample Search
Search Rank Title CC Lisence File Type
1 18.01 Single Variable Calculus CC BY-NC-SA PDF
2 Calculus for Beginners and Artists CC BY-NC-SA HTML/Text
3 18.01 Single Variable Calculus CC BY-NC-SA PDF
4 18.013A Calculus with Applications CC BY-NC-SA HTML/Text
5 18.02 Multivariable Calculus CC BY-NC-SA PDF
6 Single Variable Calculus CC BY-NC-SA PDF
7 Calculus Online Textbook CC BY-NC-SA PDF
8 Calculus for Beginners and Artists CC BY-NC-SA HTML/Text
9 18.075 Advanced Calculus for Engineers CC BY-NC-SA PDF
10 MATH 140 - Calculus I, Summer 2007 CC BY-NC-SA Protected
Top 10 search results returned by MERLOT for the keyword “calculus”
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Original Search Results
• The original top ten search results only contain resources which are released under the CC BY-NC-SA license.
• 6/10 resources returned are in PDF format which make them difficult to reuse and remix.
• Resource ranked as number ten is a protected resource which requires a specific username and password to access.
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The Current OER Search Dilemma 6/22/2013
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Application of D-index
Rank After
Applying D-
index
Original
Search
Rank Title CC Lisence File Type D-index
1 2 Calculus for Beginners and Artists CC BY-NC-SA HTML/Text 0.75
2 4 18.013A Calculus with Applications CC BY-NC-SA HTML/Text 0.75
3 8 Calculus for Beginners and Artists CC BY-NC-SA HTML/Text 0.75
4 14 Multivariable Calculus CC BY HTML/Text 0.75
5 19
MATH 10250 - Elements of Calculus
I, Fall 2008 CC BY-NC-SA HTML/Text 0.56
6 20 18.022 Calculus CC BY-NC-SA PDF 0.56
7 22 Single-Variable Calculus I CC BY HTML/Text 0.50
8 25 Single-Variable Calculus II CC BY HTML/Text 0.50
9 15 Highlights of Calculus CC BY-NC-SA Video 0.42
10 21 Calculus I CC BY HTML/Text 0.38
Top 10 results when D-index is applied to the results returned by MERLOT
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Results After Applying D-index
• 8/10 resources are in HTML/Text formats
which are the most accessible in terms of
reuse.
• 4/10 resources are available under the CC BY
licence which make them the most open
resources in the list.
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The Current OER Search Dilemma 6/22/2013
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Benefits of the D-index
The application of the D-indexwould greatly improve the effectiveness of the search with respect to locating the most suitable resources for use and reuse.
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Let’s discuss more over tea?
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The Current OER Search Dilemma 6/22/2013
Ishan Abeywardena: Guest Lecture 24th
and 27th June 2013 (STOU) 18
OERScout Technology Framework
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Main Reference
Abeywardena, I.S., Chan, C.S., & Tham, C.Y.
(2013). OERScout Technology Framework: A
Novel Approach to Open Educational
Resources Search. International Review of
Research in Open and Distance Learning, In
press (ISI-indexed publication).
Available at:
Currently in press. Will be available at
http://www.irrodl.org
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The Current OER Search Dilemma 6/22/2013
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Talking Points
• Why not Google?
• Why not native search engines of
repositories?
• What is OERScout?
• Why use OERScout?
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Go
og
le “
Ad
va
nce
d S
ea
rch
” re
sult
s fo
r O
ER
on
Ch
em
istr
y (
24
th M
ay
20
12
)
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The Current OER Search Dilemma 6/22/2013
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Why Not Repositories?
Identify which material to look for
(e.g. integration, C++ programming)
Identify the search queries
(e.g. “undergraduate mathematics”)
Locate repository(word of mouth, some link
somewhere, go to the more popular
repositories)
Run multiple queries to find resources
Read each resource to identify the usefulness
(openness, access, relevance)
Identify useful resources
Repeat steps 3-6 on multiple repositories
(hundreds to thousands…..)39
The Declaration
i. Facilitate finding, retrieving and sharing of OER.
Encourage the development of user-friendly
tools to locate and retrieve OER that are
specific and relevant to particular needs.
(UNESCO Paris OER Declaration, 2012)
UNESCO. (2012). Paris OER Declaration, Retrieved September18, 2012 from