The Cold War Begins€¦ · Causes of Cold War Soviet Union Western Allies General Goals In Europe In the Middle East In Asia At Home The Cold War • To create a protective sphere

1952bull Britain produces

an atomic bomb

The Cold WarBegins 1945ndash1960

1945bull Yalta conference

bull Franklin Rooseveltdies

1948bull Berlin airlift begins

1945bull Italian women

gain right to vote

1946bull Orwellrsquos Animal

Farm published1948bull State of Israel created

Why It MattersAfter World War II an intense rivalry developed between the United States and the Soviet

Unionmdashtwo superpowers with very different political and economic systems This rivalry knownas the Cold War led to a massive buildup of military weapons on both sides The determination

of American leaders to contain communism also led to the Korean War in which over 36500Americans died

The Impact TodayThe effects of Cold War events are still evident today

bull The NATO alliance works to guarantee the security of many democratic countriesbull The math and science training important to the space race remains an educational priority

The American Vision Video The Chapter 26 video ldquoSymbols of the Cold Warrdquo examines the era by focusing on the crisis of the Berlin airlift

1949bull NATO

established

1950bull McCarthy charges that

Communists staff theUS State Department

bull Korean War begins

1949bull Peoplersquos Republic of

China established

1947bull Truman Doctrine

declared

1945 1950

Truman1945ndash1953

57887733

1956bull Suez Canal crisis

bull Hungarians rise up againsttheir Communist government

HISTORY

Chapter OverviewVisit the American VisionWeb site at tavglencoecomand click on ChapterOverviewsmdashChapter 26 topreview chapter information

During Nixonrsquos 1959 visit to Moscow the vice president exchanged angry words with Soviet leaderNikita Khrushchev during the ldquokitchenrdquo debate at an exhibit at the US Trade and Cultural Fair

1953bull Rosenbergs executed

for treason

bull Armistice reached inKorean War

1959bull Khrushchev and

Eisenhower hold summit

1960bull U-2 incident

1953bull Stalin dies

1955 1960

Eisenhower1953ndash1961

1957bull Soviet Union

launches Sputnik

February 1945Yalta conference heldin the USSR

778 CHAPTER 26 The Cold War Begins

May 1946

A Clash of Interests Even before World War II ended the wartime alliance between the United States and

the Soviet Union had begun to show signs of strain President Roosevelt had hoped thata victory over the Axis and the creation of the United Nations would lead to a morepeaceful world Instead the United States and the Soviet Union became increasinglyhostile toward each other after the war This led to an era of confrontation and competi-tion between the United States and the Soviet Union that lasted from about 1946 to 1990This era became known as the Cold War

On April 23 1945 President Harry S Truman welcomed Soviet Foreign MinisterVyacheslav Molotov into the Oval Office of the White House Truman had been president forless than two weeks but he was determined to get tough with Molotov

Truman told the Soviet diplomat how disgusted he was with Moscowrsquos refusal to permitfree elections in Poland expressing his ldquodeep disappointmentrdquo that the Soviet Union was notcarrying out its agreements Bluntly he warned Molotov that Soviet defiance would seriouslyshake the confidence of the United States and Great Britain in their wartime ally

Molotov began to explain the Soviet position but Truman interrupted again and againrepeating his demand that Stalin ldquocarry out that agreement in accordance with his wordrdquoAstonished Molotov blurted out ldquoI have never been talked to like that in my liferdquo

ldquoCarry out your agreementsrdquo the president snapped back ldquoand you wonrsquot get talked tolike thatrdquo

mdashadapted from The Cold War A History

Origins of the Cold War

Main IdeaThe detonation of the atomic bomb andthe end of World War II led to disagree-ments among the ldquoBig Threerdquo wartimeAllies and a shift in American attitudestoward the Soviet Union

Key Terms and Names Cold War Potsdam satellite nation iron curtain

Reading StrategyCategorizing As you read about the ori-gins of the Cold War complete a graphicorganizer similar to the one below by fill-ing in the names of the conferences heldamong the ldquoBig Threerdquo Allies and the out-comes of each

Reading Objectivesbull Explain the growing tensions between

the United States and the Soviet Unionat the end of World War II

bull Identify the goals of Stalinrsquos foreignpolicy immediately after the war

Section Theme Global Connections As World War IIwas ending the United States and theSoviet Union began to negotiate to influ-ence the shape of the postwar world

December 1945

April 1945PresidentRoosevelt dies

July 1945Potsdam conferenceconvenes in Germany

March 1946Churchill delivers ldquoironcurtainrdquo speech

February 1945 July 1945

Harry S Truman

Conferences Outcomes

11201121

Soviet Security Concerns Tensions between theUnited States and the Soviet Union began to increasebecause the two sides had different goals As the warended Soviet leaders became concerned about secu-rity Germany had invaded Russia twice in less than30 years The Soviets wanted to keep Germany weakand make sure that the countries between Germanyand the Soviet Union were under Soviet control

Although security concerns influenced their think-ing Soviet leaders were also Communists Theybelieved that communism was a superior economicsystem that would eventually replace capitalism andthat the Soviet Union should encourage communismin other nations Soviet leaders also accepted Leninrsquostheory that capitalist countries eventually would tryto destroy communism This made Soviet leaderssuspicious of capitalist nations

American Economic Concerns While Soviet lead-ers focused on securing their borders American lead-ers focused on economic problems Many Americanofficials believed that the Depression had causedWorld War II Without it Hitler would never havecome to power and Japan would not have wanted toexpand its empire

American advisers also thought the Depressionhad been overly severe because countries cut back ontrade They believed that when nations seal them-selves off economically it forces them to go to war toget the resources they need By 1945 PresidentRoosevelt and his advisers were convinced that economic growth was the keyto world peace They wantedto promote economic growthby increasing world trade

Similar reasoning convincedAmerican leaders to promotedemocracy and free enterpriseThey believed that democraticgovernment with protectionsfor peoplersquos rights made coun-tries more stable and peacefulThey also thought that the freeenterprise system with privateproperty rights and limitedgovernment intervention in theeconomy was the best route toprosperity

Describing Why did US leaderspromote both international tradeand free enterprise

The Yalta ConferenceIn February 1945 with the war in Europe almost

over Roosevelt Churchill and Stalin met at YaltamdashaSoviet resort on the Black Seamdashto plan the postwarworld Although the conference seemed to go wellseveral agreements reached at Yalta later played animportant role in causing the Cold War

Poland The first issue discussed at Yalta was whatto do about Poland Shortly after the Germansinvaded Poland the Polish government leaders hadfled to Britain In 1944 however Soviet troops droveback the Germans and entered Poland As they liber-ated Poland from German control the Sovietsencouraged Polish Communists to set up a new gov-ernment This meant there were now two govern-ments claiming the right to govern Poland oneCommunist and one non-Communist

President Roosevelt and Prime MinisterChurchill both argued that the Poles should be freeto choose their own government ldquoThis is what wewent to war against Germany forrdquo Churchillexplained ldquothat Poland should be free and sovereignrdquo

Stalin quickly responded to Churchillrsquos commentsAccording to Stalin the Polish government had to befriendly to the Soviet Union It was a matter of ldquolifeand deathrdquo Eventually the three leaders compro-mised Roosevelt and Churchill agreed to recognizethe Polish government set up by the Soviets Stalinagreed that the government would include members

Reading Check

Germany in Ruins World War II devastated many German cities Here a woman sits among the ruins ofCologne a northern city on the Rhine River

2364156

of the prewar Polish government and that freeelections would be held as soon as possible

Declaration of Liberated Europe After reaching acompromise on Poland Roosevelt Churchill andStalin agreed to issue the Declaration of LiberatedEurope The declaration asserted ldquothe right of allpeople to choose the form of government underwhich they will liverdquo

The Allies promised that the people of Europewould be allowed ldquoto create democratic institutionsof their own choicerdquo They also promised to createtemporary governments that represented ldquoall demo-cratic elementsrdquo and pledged ldquothe earliest possibleestablishment through free elections of governmentsresponsive to the will of the peoplerdquo

Dividing Germany After agreeing to a set of principles for liberating Europe the conferencefocused on Germany Roosevelt Churchill andStalin agreed to divide Germany into four zonesGreat Britain the United States the Soviet Unionand France would each control one zone The same

four countries would also divide the city of Berlineven though it was in the Soviet zone

Although pleased with the decision to divideGermany Stalin also wanted to weaken the countryeconomically He demanded that Germany payheavy reparations for the war damage it causedRoosevelt agreed but he insisted reparations bebased on Germanyrsquos ability to pay He also sug-gested and Stalin agreed that Germany pay repara-tions with trade goods and products instead of cashThe Allies would also be allowed to remove indus-trial machinery railroad cars and other equipmentfrom Germany as reparations

This decision did not resolve the issue Over thenext few years arguments about reparations and eco-nomic policy in Germany increased tensions betweenthe United States and the Soviet Union These argu-ments became one of the major causes of the Cold War

Tensions Begin to Rise The Yalta decisions shapedthe expectations of the United States Two weeks afterYalta the Soviets pressured the King of Romania into

MOMENTinHISTORYAID FOR WARrsquoSYOUNGEST VICTIMSThe gift of a new pair of shoesfrom the American Red Crosslights up the face of a youngAustrian refugee Millions ofpeople across Europe wereuprooted by almost six years of fighting that seldom distin-guished between combatantsand civilians Millions more fledas victorious Soviet troopsadvanced through EasternEurope into Germany at theend of World War II The fateof the refugees becameenmeshed in the growingpower struggle between theUnited States and the SovietUnion which turned the formerallies into Cold War enemies

1411116

appointing a Communist govern-ment The United States accusedthe Soviets of violating the Dec-laration of Liberated Europe

Soon afterward the Sovietsrefused to allow more than threenon-Communist Poles to serve inthe 18-member Polish govern-ment There was also no indicationthat they intended to hold freeelections in Poland as promisedOn April 1 President Rooseveltinformed the Soviets that theiractions in Poland were not accept-able Eleven days later withSoviet-American relations deterio-rating President Roosevelt diedand Vice President Harry Trumantook office

IdentifyingWhat did the Allies decide at Yalta

Truman Takes ControlAlthough inexperienced in diplomacy Truman

already had his own views about how to deal withthe Soviets Truman was strongly anticommunist andsuspicious of Stalin He believed World War II hadbegun because Britain had tried to appease Hitler Hewas determined not to make the same mistake withStalin ldquoWe must stand up to the Russiansrdquo he toldSecretary of State Edward Stettinius the day aftertaking office

Ten days later Truman did exactly that duringhis meeting with Soviet Foreign Minister MolotovTruman immediately brought up the issue ofPoland and demanded that Stalin hold free elec-tions as he promised at Yalta Molotov took theunexpectedly strong message back to Stalin Themeeting marked an important shift in Soviet-American relations and set the stage for furtherconfrontations

The Potsdam Conference In July 1945 with thewar against Japan still raging Truman finally metStalin at Potsdam near Berlin Both men had come toPotsdam primarily to work out a deal on Germany

Truman was now convinced that German industrywas critical Unless Germanyrsquos economy wasallowed to revive the rest of Europe would neverrecover and the German people might turn to com-munism out of desperation

Stalin and his advisers were equally convincedthat they needed reparations from Germany The warhad devastated their economy Soviet troops hadbegun stripping their zone in Germany of its machin-ery and industrial equipment for use back home butStalin wanted Germany to pay much more

At the conference Truman took a firm standagainst heavy reparations He insisted thatGermanyrsquos industry had to be allowed to recoverTruman suggested that the Soviets take reparationsfrom their zone while the Allies allowed industry torevive in the other zones Stalin opposed this ideasince the Soviet zone was mostly agricultural Itcould not provide all of the reparations the Sovietswanted

To get the Soviets to accept the deal Trumanoffered Stalin a small amount of German industrialequipment from the other zones but required theSoviets to pay for part of it with food shipments fromtheir zone He also offered to accept the newGerman-Polish border the Soviets had established

Stalin did not like Trumanrsquos proposal At PotsdamTruman learned that the atomic bomb had been suc-cessfully tested and he told Stalin about the testStalin suspected Truman was trying to bully him intoa deal and that the Americans were trying to limitreparations to keep the Soviets weak

Despite his suspicions Stalin had to accept the deal American and British troops controlled

Reading Check

CHAPTER 26 The Cold War Begins 781

Potsdam Trio Issues about Germany dominated the Potsdam meeting which was attended by (from left toright) Britainrsquos Clement Attlee President Truman and Soviet leader Joseph Stalin What agreement did theyreach regarding reparations

History

23479585

Germanyrsquos industrial heartland and there was noway for the Soviets to get any reparations except bycooperating Nevertheless the Potsdam conferencemarked yet another increase in tensions between theSoviets and the Americans further paving the wayfor the Cold War

The Iron Curtain Descends Although Truman hadwon the argument over reparations he had less suc-cess on other issues at Potsdam The Soviets refusedto make any stronger commitments to uphold the

Declaration of Liberated Europe The presence of theSoviet army in Eastern Europe ensured that eventu-ally pro-Soviet Communist governments would beestablished in Poland Romania Bulgaria Hungaryand Czechoslovakia ldquoThis war is not as in the pastrdquoStalin commented ldquoWhoever occupies a territoryalso imposes his own social system It cannot beotherwiserdquo

The Communist countries of Eastern Europe cameto be called satellite nations Although not underdirect Soviet control they had to remain Communistand friendly to the Soviet Union They also had tofollow policies that the Soviets approved

As he watched the Communist takeover in EasternEurope Winston Churchill coined a phrase todescribe what had happened On March 5 1946 in aspeech delivered in Fulton Missouri Churchill said

ldquoFrom Stettin in the Baltic to Trieste in the Adriatican iron curtain has descended across the continentBehind that line lie all the capitals of the ancientstates of central and Eastern Europe All are sub-ject in one form or another not only to Soviet influ-ence but to a very high and increasing measure ofcontrol from Moscowrdquo

mdashquoted in The United States and the Origins of the Cold War 1941ndash1947

With the iron curtain separating the Communistnations of Eastern Europe from the West the WorldWar II era had come to an end The Cold War wasabout to begin

Explaining How did the Potsdamconference hurt Soviet-American relations

Reading Check

Lambert Azimuthal Equal-Area projection200 kilometers

200 miles0

50degN

0deg 10degE 20degE

FRANCE

SWITZ AUSTRIA

UNITEDKINGDOM

WESTGERMANY

EASTGERMANY POLAND

HUNGARY

YUGOSLAVIA

ALBANIAGREECE

BULGARIA

ROMANIA

SOVIETUNIONLUX

BerlinWarsaw

Prague

ViennaBudapest

London

Divided Europe 1948

Writing About History

Checking for Understanding1 Define Cold War iron curtain2 Identify Potsdam satellite nation3 Reviewing Facts Why did tensions

grow between the United States and the Soviet Union after World War II

Reviewing Themes4 Global Connections At Yalta what

agreement did the ldquoBig Threerdquo come toabout Germanyrsquos future after WorldWar II

Critical Thinking5 Synthesizing Do you think Roosevelt

could have prevented the Cold WarWhy or why not

6 Organizing Use a graphic organizersimilar to the one below to list eventsthat led to the Cold War

Analyzing Visuals7 Analyzing Maps Study the map on

this page Why did the Soviet Unionwant the countries on its western border to have strong Communist governments

8 Expository Writing Imagine you arean adviser to President Truman Write areport explaining your interpretation ofChurchillrsquos iron curtain speech

Events ThatLed to Cold War

1 Interpreting Maps What nation was divided intoCommunist and non-Communist zones

2 Applying Geography Skills Why did so many EasternEuropean nations have Communist governments

Communist nationsNon-Communist nations

14769511

March 1947Truman Doctrinedeclared

1948 1950

Containing CommunismThe early Cold War shaped the politics and economics of many parts of the world

especially Europe The airlift of supplies to Berlin like Halvorsenrsquos own candy airliftreassured Europeans that the United States would help them rebuild their lives even inthe shadow of growing Soviet hostility

Air Force lieutenant Gail Halvorsen was one of the pilots who airlifted supplies into Berlinin 1948 On one of his days off he was shooting a home movie outside Berlinrsquos TempelhofAirport and soon drew a crowd of curious boys and girls As a wartime pilot Halvorsen hadmet children in other cities They would playfully confront American soldiers asking ldquoAnygum chumrdquo While digging into his pockets for gum Halvorsen had an idea He said that ifthe children would wait at the end of the runway the next day he would drop candy fromhis airplane

The next day eager children gathered at the airport As Halvorsenrsquos plane flew over-head three small white parachutes floated down with a payload of candy Halvorsenrsquosldquochocolate bombsrdquo became a routine earning him the nickname Schokoladenflieger (ldquochocolate-flyerrdquo) Other pilots joined in and by the end of the airlift American pilots haddropped 250000 candy parachutes for the children of Berlin

mdashadapted from Berlin in the Balance

The Early Cold War Years

Main IdeaAs the Cold War began the United Statesstruggled to oppose Communist aggres-sion in Europe and Asia through politicaleconomic and military measures

Key Terms and NamesGeorge Kennan containment MarshallPlan NATO limited war

Reading StrategySequencing As you read about the ColdWar complete a time line similar to theone below by recording the major eventsinvolving the Korean War

Reading Objectivesbull Describe the American view of

the Soviet Union and the policy of containment

bull Explain the causes of the Korean War

Section ThemeGlobal Connections Beliefs about Sovietgoals and actions had a lasting effect onAmerican policies abroad and on theagencies used to carry them out

1947 1949

June 1948Berlin airlift begins

April 1949NATO forms

October 1949Peoplersquos Republic ofChina established

June 1950Korean Warbegins

1945 1951

Lieutenant GailHalvorsen

10386143

Despite the growing tensions between the SovietUnion and the United States many American offi-cials continued to believe cooperation with theSoviets was possible In late 1945 the foreign minis-ters of the former wartime Allies met first inLondon then in Moscow to discuss the future ofEurope and Asia

Although Ernest Bevin the British foreign minis-ter and James Byrnes the American secretary ofstate pushed the Soviets to hold free elections inEastern Europe the Soviets refused to budge ldquoOurrelations with the Russiansrdquo Bevin gloomily con-cluded ldquoare drifting into the same condition as thatin which we had found ourselves with Hitlerrdquo

The Long Telegram Increasingly exasperated bythe Sovietsrsquo refusal to cooperate officials at the StateDepartment asked the American Embassy inMoscow to explain Soviet behavior On February 221946 diplomat George Kennan responded withwhat came to be known as the Long Telegram a5540-word cable message explaining his views ofSoviet goals

According to Kennan the Sovietsrsquo view of theworld came from a traditional ldquoRussian sense of inse-curityrdquo and fear of the West intensified by theCommunist ideas of Lenin and Stalin BecauseCommunists believed that they were in a long-termhistorical struggle against capitalism Kennanargued it was impossible to reach any permanentsettlement with them

Kennan therefore proposed what became the basicAmerican policy throughout the Cold War ldquoa long-term patient but firm and vigilant containment of

Russian expansive tendenciesrdquo Kennan explainedthat in his opinion the Soviet system had severalmajor economic and political weaknesses If theUnited States could keep the Soviets from expandingtheir power it was only a matter of time until theSoviet system would fall apart Communism couldbe beaten without going to war The Long Telegramcirculated widely in Trumanrsquos administration It gaverise to the policy of containmentmdashkeeping commu-nism within its present territory through the use ofdiplomatic economic and military actions

Crisis in Iran While Trumanrsquos administration dis-cussed Kennanrsquos ideas a series of crises erupted inthe spring and summer of 1946 These crises seemedto prove that Kennan was right about the SovietsThe first crisis began in Iran in March 1946

During World War II the United States had puttroops in southern Iran while Soviet troops occupiednorthern Iran to secure a supply line from the PersianGulf After the war instead of withdrawing as prom-ised the Soviet troops remained in northern IranStalin then began demanding access to Iranrsquos oil sup-plies To increase the pressure Soviet troops helpedlocal Communists in northern Iran establish a sepa-rate government

To American officials these actions signaled a Sovietpush into the Middle East Secretary of State JamesByrnes sent Moscow a strong message demanding thatthey withdraw At the same time the battleship USSMissouri sailed into the eastern Mediterranean Thepressure seemed to work Soviet forces withdrew hav-ing been promised a joint Soviet-Iranian oil companyThe Iranian parliament later rejected the plan

Causes and Effects of the Cold War

Causes Effectsbull Soviet Union controls Eastern Europe after

World War IIbull Chinese Communists win control of mainland Chinabull United States and Soviet Union explode atomic bombs

bull Marshall Plan provides aid to Western Europe

bull Western nations form NATO Communistnations respond with Warsaw Pact

bull Korean War eruptsbull American and Soviet arms race beginsbull Red Scare leads to hunt for Communists in

the United States

Evaluating What do you think was the most important cause of the Cold War Why

The Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union dominated postwar politics

21985236

The Truman Doctrine Frustrated in Iran Stalinturned to Turkey There the straits of the Dardanelleswere a vital route from Soviet Black Sea ports to theMediterranean For centuries Russia had wanted tocontrol this strategic route In August 1946 Stalindemanded joint control of the Dardanelles withTurkey Presidential adviser Dean Acheson saw thismove as the first step in a Soviet plan to control theMideast and he advised Truman to make a show offorce The president declared ldquoWe might as well findout whether the Russians are bent on world con-questrdquo He then ordered the new aircraft carrierFranklin D Roosevelt to join the Missouri in protectingTurkey and the eastern Mediterranean

While the United States supported Turkey Britaintried to help Greece In August 1946 GreekCommunists launched a guerrilla war against theGreek government For about six months Britishtroops helped the Greeks fight the guerrillas Theeffort strained Britainrsquos economy which was stillweak from World War II In February 1947 Britaininformed the United States that it could no longerafford to help Greece

On March 12 1947 Truman went before Congressto ask for $400 million to fight Communist aggres-sion in Greece and Turkey His speech outlined a pol-icy which became known as the Truman Doctrine Itsgoal was to aid ldquofree peoples who are resistingattempted subjugation by armed minorities or byoutside pressuresrdquo Its immediate effects were to sta-bilize the Greek government and ease Sovietdemands in Turkey In the long run it pledged theUnited States to fight communism worldwide (See page 1076 for more on the Truman Doctrine)

ECONOMICS

The Marshall Plan Meanwhile postwar WesternEurope faced grave problems Economies were inruin people were near starvation and political chaoswas at hand The terrible winterof 1946 made things worse

In June 1947 Secretary ofState George C Marshallproposed the EuropeanRecovery Program orMarshall Plan whichwould give Europeannations American aid torebuild their economiesTruman saw the MarshallPlan and the TrumanDoctrine as ldquotwo halves of thesame walnutrdquo both essential

for containment Marshall offered help to all nationsplanning a recovery program

ldquoOur policy is not directed against any country ordoctrine but against hunger poverty desperationand chaos Its purpose should be the revival of aworking economy in the world so as to permit theemergence of political and social conditions in whichfree institutions can exist rdquo

mdashquoted in Marshall A Hero for Our Times

The Soviet Union and its satellite nations inEastern Europe rejected the offer Instead theSoviets developed their own economic programThis action further separated Europe into compet-ing regions The Marshall Plan pumped billions ofdollars worth of supplies machinery and food intoWestern Europe Western Europersquos recovery weak-ened the appeal of communism and opened newmarkets for trade

Summarizing What were the goalsof the Truman Doctrine and the Marshall Plan

The Berlin CrisisThe Marshall Plan was only one part of the

American strategy for rebuilding Europe PresidentTruman and his advisers believed that WesternEuropersquos prosperity depended on Germanyrsquosrecovery The Soviets however still wantedGermany to pay reparations to the Soviet UnionEventually the dispute over Germany brought theUnited States and the Soviet Union to the brink of war

West Germany Is Founded By early 1948 US offi-cials had concluded that the Soviets were deliber-ately trying to undermine Germanyrsquos economy Inresponse the United States Great Britain and Franceannounced that they were merging their zones inGermany and allowing the Germans to have theirown government They also agreed to merge theirzones in Berlin and to make West Berlin part of thenew German republic

The new nation was officially called the FederalRepublic of Germany but it became known as WestGermany West Germanyrsquos economy was completelyseparate from the Soviet zone which eventuallybecame known as East Germany West Germany wasnot allowed to have a military but in most respects itwas independent

Reading Check

George Marshall

7141903

The Berlin Airlift The decision to create WestGermany convinced the Soviets that they wouldnever get the reparations they wanted In late June1948 Soviet troops cut all road and rail traffic to WestBerlin The blockade provoked a crisis PresidentTruman sent long-range bombers with atomicweapons to bases in Britain General Lucius Clay theAmerican commander in Germany warned of whatmight happen ldquoIf we mean to hold Europe againstcommunism then we must not budgerdquo he said

The challenge was to keep West Berlin alivewithout provoking war with the Soviets In June1948 Truman ordered the Berlin airlift to beginFor 11 months cargo planes supplied Berlinerswith food medicine and coal The airlift continuedthrough the spring of 1949 bringing in over 2 million tons of supplies Stalin finally lifted theblockade on May 12 The Berlin airlift symbolizedAmerican determination to stand by Berlin

NATO The Berlin blockade convinced many Amer-icans that the Soviets were bent on conquest Thepublic began to support a military alliance withWestern Europe By April 1949 an agreement had beenreached to create the North Atlantic Treaty Organ-ization (NATO)mdasha mutual defense alliance

NATO initially included 12 countries the UnitedStates Canada Britain France Italy Belgium DenmarkPortugal the Netherlands Norway Luxembourg and

Iceland NATO members agreed to come tothe aid of any member who was attackedFor the first time in its history the UnitedStates had committed itself to maintainingpeace in Europe Six years later NATOallowed West Germany to rearm and join itsorganization This decision alarmed Sovietleaders They responded by organizing amilitary alliance in Eastern Europe whichbecame known as the Warsaw Pact TheUnited States also created other regionalalliances The Organization of AmericanStates (OAS) started in 1948 and the South-east Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO)formed in 1954

Evaluating What

triggered the beginning of the Berlin airlift

The Cold War Spreads toEast Asia

The Cold War eventually spread beyondEurope Conflicts also emerged in Asia

where events in China and Korea brought about anew attitude toward Japan

Civil War and Revolution in China In ChinaCommunist forces led by Mao Zedong had beenstruggling against the Nationalist government led byChiang Kai-shek since the late 1920s During WorldWar II the two sides suspended their war to resistJapanese occupation With the end of World War IIhowever civil war broke out again Although Maomade great gains neither side could win and neitherwould accept a compromise

To prevent a Communist revolution in Asia theUnited States sent the Nationalist government $2 bil-lion in aid beginning in the mid-1940s but it squan-dered this advantage with poor military planning andcorruption By 1949 the Communists had capturedthe Chinese capital of Beijing and moved southwardwhile support for the Nationalists declined

In August 1949 the State Department discontin-ued aid to the Chinese Nationalists The defeatedNationalists then fled the Chinese mainland for thesmall island of Taiwan (Formosa) The victoriousCommunists established the Peoplersquos Republic ofChina in October 1949

After the Fall Chinarsquos fall to communism shockedAmericans To make matters worse in September 1949the Soviet Union announced that it had successfully

Reading Check

Bucking the Blockade The Berlin airlift became a symbol of American determination to resist

the Soviet Unionrsquos effort to control Berlin For how many months did American pilots supply

Berlin with food and supplies

History

Evaluating What

Reading Check

History

25747235

tested its first atomic weapon Then early in 1950 thePeoplersquos Republic of China and the Soviet Unionsigned a treaty of friendship and alliance ManyWestern leaders feared that China and the SovietUnion would support Communist revolutions inother nations

The United States kept formal diplomatic relationswith only the Nationalists in Taiwan It used its veto power in the UN Security Council to keeprepresentatives of the new Communist China out ofthe UN allowing the Nationalists to retain their seat

The Chinese revolution brought about a signifi-cant change in American policy toward Japan At theend of World War II General Douglas MacArthurhad taken charge of occupied Japan His missionwas to introduce democracy and keep Japan from

threatening war again Once the United States lostChina as its chief ally in Asia it adopted policies toencourage the rapid recovery of Japanrsquos industrialeconomy Just as the United States viewed WestGermany as the key to defending all of Europeagainst communism it saw Japan as the key todefending Asia

Analyzing How did the revolutionin China affect American foreign policy with Japan

The Korean WarAt the end of World War II American and Soviet

forces entered Korea to disarm the Japanese troopsstationed there The Allies divided Korea at the 38th

Reading Check

MacArthur landsSept 15 1950

Taken by UNOct 19 1950

Liberated by UNSept 28 1950

100 kilometers

100 miles0

Lambert Conformal Conic projection

40degN

130degE

38th Parallel

YellowSea

Sea ofJapan

Yalu RiverCHINA

SOVIET UNION

NORTHKOREA

SOUTHKOREA

Pyongyang

Inchon

Chinese counteroffensiveNov 26 1950

Armistice lineJuly 27 1953

100 kilometers

100 miles0

40degN

130degE

38th Parallel

YellowSea

Sea ofJapan

Yalu River

SOVIET UNION

SOUTHKOREA

NORTHKOREA

Pyongyang

Inchon

PanmunjomSeoul

UN-held territory Sept 15 1950

North Korean advanceUN counteroffensiveUN front line Nov 24 1950

June 25 1950ndashNovember 24 1950

UN front line Nov 24 1950Chinese counteroffensive Nov 25 1950Farthest Chinese advance Jan 24 1951UN advance Jan 25 1951

November 24 1950ndashJuly 27 1953

1 Interpreting Maps Along what latitude was Koreadivided into two nations after World War II

2 Applying Geography Skills In debates over expandingthe Korean War why do you think Truman opposedMacArthurrsquos request to bomb bridges on the Yalu River

Korean War 1950ndash1953

1056899

Should the War in Korea Be Expanded

A controversy between President Harry S Truman andGeneral Douglas MacArthur began shortly after the outbreakof the Korean War It reached a climax when the presidentrelieved MacArthur of his command Truman believed in alimited war in Korea while MacArthur wanted total victory

President Harry S Truman defends limited war

The Kremlin [Soviet Union] is trying and has beentrying for a long time to drive a wedge between us andthe other nations It wants to see us isolated It wants tosee us distrusted It wants to see us feared and hated byour allies Our allies agree with us in the course we arefollowing They do not believe that we should take theinitiative to widen the conflict in the Far East If theUnited States were to widen the conflict we might wellhave to go it alone

If we go it alone in Asia we may destroy the unity ofthe free nations against aggression Our European alliesare nearer to Russia than we are They are in far greaterdanger Going it alone brought the world to the dis-aster of World War II

I do not propose to strip this country of its allies inthe face of Soviet danger The path of collective securityis our only sure defense against the dangers thatthreaten us

GeneralDouglas MacArthuraddresses Congress April 19 1951

History teaches with unmistakable emphasis that appeasementbut begets new and bloodier war Like blackmail it lays thebasis for new and successively greater demands until as in black-mail violence becomes the only other alternative Why my sol-diers asked of me surrender military advantage to an enemy inthe field I could not answer

It was my constant effort to preserve them and end this savageconflict honorably and with the least loss of time and minimumsacrifice of life

I am closing 52 years of military service But I still remem-ber the refrain of one of the most popular barrack ballads of thatday which proclaimed most proudly thatmdash

ldquoOld soldiers never die they just fade awayrdquo And like the oldsoldier of that ballad I now close my military career and just fadeawaymdashan old soldier who tried to do his duty as God gave himthe light to see that duty Good-by

Learning From History

parallel of latitude Soviet troops controlled thenorth while American troops controlled the south

As the Cold War began talks to reunify Korea brokedown A Communist Korean government was organ-ized in the north while an American-backed govern-ment controlled the south Both governments claimedauthority over all of Korea and border clashes werecommon The Soviet Union provided extensive mili-tary aid to the North Koreans who quickly built up alarge well-equipped army On June 25 1950 NorthKorean troops invaded into the south rapidly drivingback the poorly equipped South Korean forces

The UN Intervenes Truman saw the Communistinvasion of South Korea as a test of the containmentpolicy and ordered United States naval and airpower

into action He then called on the United Nations to actTruman succeeded because the Soviet delegate wasboycotting the Security Council over its China policyand was not present to veto the American proposalWith the pledge of UN troops Truman orderedGeneral MacArthur to send American troops fromJapan to the Korean peninsula

The American and South Korean troops weredriven back into a small pocket of territory near theport of Pusan Inside the ldquoPusan perimeterrdquo as itcame to be called the troops stubbornly resisted theNorth Korean onslaught buying time for MacArthurto organize reinforcements

1 Identifying Central Issues How didMacArthur view Trumanrsquos decisionto fight a limited war in Korea Howdid Truman see it

2 Making Inferences On the basis ofwhat authority did Truman fireMacArthur

10145829

On September 15 MacArthur ordered a daringinvasion behind enemy lines at the port of InchonThe Inchon landing took the North Koreans by sur-prise Within weeks they were in full retreat backacross the 38th parallel Truman then gave the orderto pursue the North Koreans beyond the 38th paral-lel MacArthur pushed the North Koreans north tothe Yalu River the border with China

China Enters the War The Communist Chinesegovernment saw the advancing UN troops as a threatand warned the forces to halt their advance Whenthose warnings were ignored China launched a mas-sive attack across the Yalu River in NovemberHundreds of thousands of Chinese troops floodedacross the border driving the UN forces back acrossthe 38th parallel

As his troops fell back an angry MacArthurdemanded approval to expand the war againstChina He asked for a blockade of Chinese ports theuse of Chiang Kai-shekrsquos Nationalist forces and thebombing of Chinese cities with atomic weapons

Truman Fires MacArthur President Truman re-fused MacArthurrsquos demands because he did notwant to expand the war into China or to use theatomic bomb MacArthur persisted He publicly criti-cized the president saying ldquoThere is no substitutefor victoryrdquo

Determined to maintain control of policy and showthat the president commanded the military an exas-perated Truman fired MacArthur for insubordinationin April 1951 MacArthur who remained populardespite being fired returned home to parades and aherorsquos welcome Despite criticism Truman remained

committed to limited warmdasha war fought to achieve alimited objective such ascontaining communism

Changes in Policy Trumanchose General MatthewRidgway to replaceMacArthur By mid-1951 theUN forces had pushed theChinese and North Koreanforces back across the 38thparallel The war then set-tled down into a series of relatively small battles overhills and other local objectives In November 1951peace negotiations began but an armistice would notbe signed until July 1953 More than 33600 Americansoldiers died in action in the Korean War and morethan 2800 died from accidents or from disease

The Korean War marked an important turning pointin the Cold War Until 1950 the United States had pre-ferred to use political pressure and economic aid tocontain communism After the Korean War began theUnited States embarked on a major military buildup

The Korean War also helped expand the Cold Warto Asia Before 1950 the United States had focused onEurope as the most important area in which to con-tain communism After the Korean War began theUnited States became more militarily involved inAsia Defense agreements were signed with JapanSouth Korea Taiwan the Philippines and AustraliaAmerican aid also began to flow to the French forcesfighting Communist guerrillas in Vietnam

Analyzing How did PresidentTruman view the Communist invasion of South Korea

Reading Check

Checking for Understanding1 Define containment limited war2 Identify George Kennan Marshall

Plan NATO3 Review Facts How did the Truman

Doctrine and the Marshall Plan addressthe spread of communism

Reviewing Themes4 Global Connections What long-term

Cold War strategy did the United Statesfollow

Critical Thinking5 Evaluating How did the Long Telegram

influence American policy6 Categorizing Use a graphic organizer

similar to the one below to list earlyconflicts between the USSR and the US

Analyzing Visuals7 Analyzing Maps Study the maps of

the Korean War on page 787 When did the United Nations control themost territory in Korea When didboth sides finally agree upon anarmistice line

8 Persuasive Writing Write a letter tothe editor of a newspaper explainingwhether you agree or disagree withPresident Trumanrsquos firing of GeneralMacArthur

ConflictsBetween the USSR

and the US

Student WebActivity Visit theAmerican Vision Website at tavglencoecomand click on StudentWeb ActivitiesmdashChapter 26 for anactivity on the Cold War

HISTORY

22246486

March 1947Loyalty Review Boardestablished

1950 1953

In the 1940s Ruth Goldberg belonged to the Parent-Teacher Association in Queens NewYork In 1947 she agreed to run for PTA president but the campaign turned nasty BecauseGoldberg had associated with people with left-wing interests a rumor spread through theneighborhood that she was a Communist Suddenly Goldbergrsquos quiet life became terrifyingCallers threatened her and the local priest denounced her in his sermons One afternoonGoldbergrsquos eight-year-old son came home in tears A playmate had told him ldquoYou knowyour motherrsquos a Red She should be put up against a wall and shotrdquo

Looking back much later Goldberg saw the PTA campaign as part of a bigger and morecomplex pattern of distrust and hatred ldquoIt was a small thing but it was an indication of whathad happened with the Cold War with this Red spectermdashthat somebody like me could be adanger to a communityrdquo

mdashadapted from Red Scare

A New Red ScareDuring the 1950s thousands of ordinary peoplemdashfrom teachers to autoworkers to

high government officialsmdashshared Ruth Goldbergrsquos disturbing experience Rumors andaccusations of Communists in the United States and of Communist infiltration of thegovernment tapped into fears that the Communists were trying to take over the world

The Cold War andAmerican Society

Main IdeaThe Cold War heightened Americansrsquofears of Communist infiltration andatomic attack

Key Terms and Namessubversion loyalty review program Alger Hiss perjury McCarran ActMcCarthyism censure fallout fallout shelter

Reading StrategyTaking Notes As you read aboutAmerican reaction to the Cold War usethe major headings of the section to create an outline similar to the onebelow

Reading Objectivesbull Describe the new Red Scarebull Discuss how American society reflected

fears of the nuclear age

Section ThemeCivic Rights and Responsibilities In theearly part of the Cold War the fear ofcommunism led to a hunt for spies and tointolerance and suspicion of people withradical ideas in the United States

February 1950McCarthy claims to have a list ofCommunists in the State Department

June 1953Rosenbergs executed

September 1950McCarran Act passed

The Cold War and American SocietyI A New Red Scare

A The Loyalty Review ProgramBCD

Book produced during theRed Scare of the 1950s

99211876

The Red Scare began in September 1945 when aclerk named Igor Gouzenko walked out of the SovietEmbassy in Ottawa Canada and defected Gouzenkocarried documents revealing a massive effort by theSoviet Union to infiltrate organizations and govern-ment agencies in Canada and the United States withthe specific goal of obtaining information about theatomic bomb

The Gouzenko case stunned Americans It impliedthat spies had infiltrated the American governmentSoon however the search for spies escalated into ageneral fear of Communist subversion Subversionis the effort to secretly weaken a society and over-throw its government As the Cold War intensified in1946 and early 1947 Americans began to fear thatCommunists were secretly working to subvert theAmerican government

GOVERNMENT

The Loyalty Review Program In early 1947 justnine days after his powerful speech announcing theTruman Doctrine the president established a loyaltyreview program to screen all federal employeesRather than calm public suspicion Trumanrsquos actionseemed to confirm fears that Communists had infil-trated the government and helped increase the fear ofcommunism sweeping the nation

Between 1947 and 1951 over 6 million federalemployees were screened for their loyaltymdasha termdifficult to define A person might become a suspectfor reading certain books belonging to variousgroups traveling overseas or even seeing certain for-eign films About 14000 employees were subject tointensive scrutiny from the Federal Bureau ofInvestigation (FBI) Some 2000 employees quit theirjobs during the check many under pressure Another212 were fired for ldquoquestionable loyaltyrdquothough no actual evidence against themwas uncovered

HUAC Although the FBI helped screenfederal employees FBI Director J EdgarHoover was not satisfied In 1947 Hooverwent before the House Un-AmericanActivities Committee (HUAC) Formed in1938 to investigate both Communist andFascist activities in the United StatesHUAC was a relatively minor committeeuntil Hoover catapulted it to prominence

Hoover urged HUAC to hold publichearings on Communist subversion Thecommittee Hoover said could reveal ldquothediabolic machinations of sinister figures

engaged in un-American activitiesrdquo Once Com-munists were identified he explained the publicwould isolate them and end their influenceHooverrsquos aim was to expose not just Communistsbut also ldquoCommunist sympathizersrdquo and ldquofellowtravelersrdquo Under Hooverrsquos leadership the FBI sentagents to infiltrate groups suspected of subversionand wiretapped thousands of telephones

Alger Hiss In 1948 Whittaker Chambers a Timemagazine editor and former Communist Party mem-ber testified to HUAC that several government offi-cials were also former Communists or spies

The most prominent government official namedby Chambers was Alger Hiss a lawyer and diplomatwho had served in Rooseveltrsquos administrationattended the Yalta conference and taken part inorganizing the United Nations After Hiss sued himfor libel Chambers testified before a grand jury thatin 1937 and 1938 Hiss gave him secret documentsfrom the State Department Hiss denied being eithera spy or a member of the Communist Party and healso denied ever having known Chambers

The committee was ready to drop the investiga-tion until Representative Richard Nixon of Californiaconvinced his colleagues to continue the hearings todetermine whether Hiss or Chambers had lied Asthe committee continued to question Hiss he admit-ted that he had indeed met Chambers in the 1930sWhen Chambers continued to claim that Hiss was aCommunist Hiss sued him claiming that his accusa-tions were unfounded and malicious

To defend himself Chambers produced copies ofsecret documents along with microfilm that he hadhidden in a hollow pumpkin on his farm Theseldquopumpkin papersrdquo Chambers claimed proved that

Convicted of Conspiracy Ethel and Julius Rosenberg were convicted of transmitting atomicsecrets to Soviet Russia What sentence did they receive

History

28223883

Hollywood on TrialOne of HUACrsquos first hearings focused on

the film industry as a powerful cultural forcethat Communists might use and manipulateIts interviews routinely began ldquoAre you nowor have you ever been a member of theCommunist Partyrdquo As fear of Communists inHollywood spread producers then drew upa blacklist and agreed not to hire anyone inthe film industry who was believed to be aCommunist or who refused to cooperatewith the committee The blacklist createdan atmosphere of distrust and fearPeople could be blacklistedfor making chance remarkscriticizing HUAC or knowinga suspected Communist

Ronald Reagan head of the ScreenActors Guild at the time testifiedthat there were Communists inHollywood

Ten screenwriters known as the ldquoHollywood Tenrdquo(shown here with their lawyers) used their FifthAmendment right to protect themselves from self-incrimination and refused to testify before HUAC

he was telling the truth A jury agreed and con-victed Hiss of perjury or lying under oath

The Rosenbergs Another sensational spy case cen-tered around accusations that American Communistshad sold the secrets of the atomic bomb Many people did not believe that the Soviet Union couldhave produced an atomic bomb in 1949 without helpThis belief intensified the hunt for spies

In 1950 the hunt led to Klaus Fuchs a British scien-tist who admitted sending information to the SovietUnion His testimony led the FBI to arrest Julius andEthel Rosenberg a New York couple who weremembers of the Communist Party The governmentcharged them with heading a Soviet spy ring

The Rosenbergs denied the charges but were con-demned to death for espionage Many peoplebelieved that they were not leaders or spies but vic-tims caught up in the wave of anti-Communistfrenzy Appeals public expressions of support andpleas for clemency failed however and the couplewas executed in June 1953

Project Venona The American public hotly debatedthe guilt or innocence of individuals like theRosenbergs who were accused as spies There washowever solid evidence of Soviet espionagealthough very few Americans knew it at the time In1946 American cryptographers working for a projectcode-named ldquoVenonardquo cracked the Soviet spy code ofthe time enabling them to read approximately 3000

messages between Moscow and the United Statescollected during the Cold War The messages con-firmed extensive Soviet spying and sent federalinvestigators on a massive hunt To keep the Sovietsfrom learning how thoroughly the United States hadpenetrated their codes authorities chose not to makethe intercepted messages public Not until 1995 didthe government reveal Project Venonarsquos existenceThe Venona documents provided strong evidencethat the Rosenbergs were guilty

The Red Scare Spreads Following the federal gov-ernmentrsquos example many state and local govern-ments universities businesses unions and churchesbegan their own efforts to find Communists TheUniversity of California required its 11000 facultymembers to take loyalty oaths and fired 157 whorefused to do so Many Catholic groups becamestrongly anticommunist and urged their members toidentify Communists within the church

The Taft-Hartley Act required union leaders to takeoaths that they were not Communists but many unionleaders did not object Instead they launched their ownefforts to purge Communists from their organizationsThe president of the CIO called Communist sympa-thizers ldquoskulking cowardsrdquo and ldquoapostles of haterdquo TheCIO eventually expelled 11 unions that refused toremove Communist leaders from their organization

Explaining What was the purposeof the loyalty review boards and HUAC

Reading Check

20381161

Red Channels published in 1950 wasprepared by three ex-FBI agents Thebooklet claimed to identify 151 subver-sive entertainers in radio and television

A number of well-known Hollywood celebritiesincluding actors Humphrey Bogart and LaurenBacall (front row) went to Washington to protestHUACrsquos investigation of alleged Communists

ldquoA Conspiracy So ImmenserdquoIn 1949 the Red Scare intensified even further That

year the Soviet Union successfully tested an atomicbomb and China fell to communism To manyAmericans these events seemed to prove that theUnited States was losing the Cold War Deeply con-cerned they wanted an explanation as to why theirgovernment was failing As a result many continuedto believe that Communists had infiltrated the gov-ernment and remained undetected

In February 1950 soon after Alger Hissrsquos perjuryconviction a little-known Wisconsin senator gave apolitical speech to a Republican womenrsquos group inWest Virginia Halfway through his speech SenatorJoseph R McCarthy made a surprising statement

ldquoWhile I cannot take the time to name all the menin the State Department who have been named asmembers of the Communist Party and members of aspy ring I have here in my hand a list of 205 thatwere known to the Secretary of State as being mem-bers of the Communist Party and who neverthelessare still working and shaping the policy of the StateDepartmentrdquo

mdashquoted in The Fifties

By the next day the Associated Press had picked upthe statement and sent it to papers all over the countryWhen McCarthy arrived at the Denver airport

reporters crowded around him and asked to see hislist of Communists in the state department McCarthyreplied that he would be happy to show them the listbut unfortunately it was packed in his bag on theplane In fact the list never appeared McCarthy how-ever continued to make charges and draw attention

McCarthyrsquos Charges Born in 1908 near AppletonWisconsin Joseph R McCarthy studied law andserved in World War II before his first run for theSenate McCarthyrsquos 1946 political campaign soundedthe keynote of his career Without making any spe-cific charges or offering any proof McCarthyaccused his opponent Robert M La Follette Jr ofbeing ldquocommunistically inclinedrdquo Fear of commu-nism plus McCarthyrsquos intense speeches won himthe election

After becoming a senator McCarthy continued toproclaim that Communists were a danger both athome and abroad To some of his audiences he dis-tributed a booklet called ldquoThe Party of Betrayalrdquowhich accused Democratic Party leaders of corrup-tion and of protecting Communists Secretary ofState Dean Acheson was a frequent targetAccording to McCarthy Acheson was incompetentand a tool of Stalin He wildly accused George CMarshall the former army chief of staff and secre-tary of state of disloyalty as a member of ldquoa conspir-acy so immense as to dwarf any previous suchventures in the history of manrdquo

1910626

McCarthy Goes Too Far Army lawyer Joseph Welch listensto Senator McCarthy during the televised Army-McCarthy hear-ings How did televising the hearings affect McCarthyism

History

McCarthy was not alone in making such chargesIn the prevailing mood of anxiety about communismmany Americans were ready to believe them

The McCarran Internal Security Act In 1950 withthe Korean War underway and McCarthy and othersarousing fears of Communist spies Congress passedthe Internal Security Act usually called theMcCarran Act Declaring that ldquoworld Communismhas as its sole purpose the establishment of a totali-tarian dictatorship in Americardquo Senator PatMcCarran of Nevada offered a way to fight ldquotreach-ery infiltration sabotage and terrorismrdquo The actmade it illegal to ldquocombine conspire or agree withany other person to perform any act which wouldsubstantially contribute to the establishment of atotalitarian governmentrdquo The law required all Com-munist Party and ldquoCommunist-frontrdquo organizationsto register with the United States attorney generaland publish their records The act also created otherrestrictions for Communists For example they couldnot get passports to travel abroad

The McCarran Act did not stop there In case of anational emergency it allowed the arrest and deten-tion of Communists and Communist sympathizersUnwilling to punish people for their opinionsTruman vetoed the bill but Congress easily passed it

over his veto in 1950 Later Supreme Court caseshowever ensured that the McCarran Act wouldnever be very effective

McCarthyrsquos Tactics After the 1952 election gave theRepublicans control of Congress McCarthy becamechairman of the Senate subcommittee on investiga-tions Using the power of his committee to force gov-ernment officials to testify about alleged Communistinfluences McCarthy turned the investigation into awitch huntmdasha search for disloyalty based on flimsyevidence and irrational fears His tactic of damagingreputations with vague and unfounded chargesbecame known as McCarthyism

McCarthyrsquos theatrics and sensational accusationsdrew the attention of the press which put him in theheadlines and quoted him widely When he ques-tioned witnesses McCarthy would badger themand then refuse to accept their answers His tacticsleft a cloud of suspicion that McCarthy and othersinterpreted as guilt Furthermore people wereafraid to challenge him for fear of becoming targetsthemselves

McCarthyrsquos Downfall In 1954 McCarthy began tolook for Soviet spies in the United States ArmyAlerted to his intentions the army conducted its

16284761

own internal investigation and found no spies orany suspicion of espionage Furious at the denialMcCarthy took his investigation onto television Hequestioned and challenged officers in a harsh voiceharassing them about trivial details and accusingthem of misconduct

During weeks of televised Army-McCarthyhearings in the spring of 1954 millions ofAmericans watched McCarthy bully witnesses Hispopular support started to fade Finally to strikeback at the army lawyer Joseph Welch McCarthybrought up the past of a young lawyer in Welchrsquosfirm who had been a member of a Communist-frontorganization during his law school years Welchwho was fully aware of the young manrsquos past nowexploded at McCarthy for possibly ruining theyoung manrsquos career ldquoUntil this moment I think Inever really gauged your cruelty or your reckless-ness You have done enough Have you nosense of decency sir at long last Have you left nosense of decencyrdquo

Spectators cheered Welch had said aloud whatmany Americans had been thinking One senator onthe committee Stuart Symington of Missouri was alsorepelled ldquoThe American people have had a look at youfor six weeks You are not fooling anyonerdquo McCarthyhad lost the power to arouse fear Newspaper head-lines repeated ldquoHave you no sense of decencyrdquo

Later that year the Senate passed a vote ofcensure or formal disapproval against McCarthymdashone of the most serious criticisms it can level againsta member His influence gone McCarthy faded frompublic view Although he remained in the Senate hehad little influence He died in 1957 a broken andembittered man

Evaluating What were the effects ofMcCarthyism

Life During the Early Cold WarThe Red Scare and the spread of nuclear weapons

had a profound impact on life in the 1950s Fear ofcommunism and of nuclear war dominated life forordinary Americans as well as for government lead-ers throughout the era

Facing the Bomb Already upset by the first Sovietatomic test in 1949 Americans were shocked whenthe USSR again successfully tested the much morepowerful hydrogen bomb or H-bomb in 1953 Thiswas less than a year after the United States had testedits own H-bomb

Americans prepared for a surprise Soviet attackSchools set aside special areas as bomb shelters Inbomb drills students learned to duck under their

Reading Check

Signs of the Times During the Cold War the media often gave survival tips for the nuclear holocaust many saw just around the corner At right aCalifornia resident works on his fallout shelter How did such fears affect American politics

History

1735066

desks turn away from the windows and covertheir heads with their hands These ldquoduck-and-coverrdquo actions were supposed to protect them froma nuclear bomb blast

ldquoDuck-and-coverrdquo might have made people feelsafe but it would not have protected them fromdeadly nuclear radiation According to experts forevery person killed outright by a nuclear blast fourmore would die later from fallout the radiation leftover after a blast To protect themselves some fami-lies built backyard fallout shelters and stocked themwith canned food

Popular Culture in the Cold War Worries aboutnuclear war and Communist infiltration filled peoplersquosimaginations Cold War nightmares soon appeared infilms and popular fiction

Matt Cvetic was an FBI undercover informantwho secretly infiltrated the Communist Party inPittsburgh His story captivated magazine readers inthe Saturday Evening Post in 1950 and came to thescreen the next year as I Was a Communist for the FBIAnother suspense film Walk East on Beacon (1951)features the FBIrsquos activities in an espionage case In1953 television took up the theme with a series aboutan undercover FBI counterspy who was also aCommunist Party official Each week I Led ThreeLives kept television viewers on edge

In 1954 author Philip Wylie published TomorrowThis novel describes the horrific effects of nuclearwar on an unprepared American city As an adviseron civil defense Wylie had failed to convince the fed-eral government to play a strong role in buildingbomb shelters Frustrated he wrote this novel to edu-cate the public about the horrors of atomic war

At the same time these fears were hauntingAmericans the country was enjoying postwar pros-perity and optimism That spirit combined withMcCarthyism witch hunts fears of Communist infil-tration and the threat of atomic attack made theearly 1950s a time of contrasts As the 1952 electionapproached Americans were looking for someone orsomething that would make them feel secure

Describing How did the Cold Waraffect life in the 1950s

Reading Check

Checking for Understanding1 Define subversion perjury censure

fallout fallout shelter2 Identify loyalty review program Alger

Hiss McCarran Act McCarthyism3 Explain the goals of Project Venona4 Review Facts What did the McCarran

Act propose to do

Reviewing Themes5 Civic Rights and Responsibilities

How did McCarthyism and the RedScare change American society andgovernment

Critical Thinking6 Interpreting Why did McCarthy ini-

tially receive a lot of support for hisefforts to expose Communists

7 Organizing Use a graphic organizer tolist the causes and effects of the newRed Scare

Analyzing Visuals8 Analyzing Photographs Study the

photograph on page 794 of the Army-McCarthy hearings From theirpostures how would you describe theattitude of army lawyer Joseph Welchtoward Senator Joseph McCarthy Doyou think Welch respects McCarthyrsquospresentation

9 Persuasive Writing Imagine you are anewspaper editor during the McCarthyhearings Write an editorial supportingor condemning Senator McCarthyDefend your position

RedScare

EffectsCauses

Cold War Words The development of nuclearweapons and artificial satellites created not only newanxieties but also new words and expressions

ldquoSputnikrdquo the name of the Soviet satellite startedits own language trend as words gained a -nik end-ing for a foreign-sounding effect One new wordbeatnik described a young person influenced by thestyle of Beat writers such as Jack Kerouac and AllenGinsberg Another word peacenik was used todescribe a peace activist

The atomic bomb test on Bikini Atoll gave theNuclear Age two new words fallout the term for theharmful radiation left over after an atomic blast andbikini a skimpy swimsuit that French designerspromised would produce an ldquoexplosionrdquo on the beach

1569956

On May 1 1960 CIA pilot Francis Gary Powers sat in the cockpit of his U-2 spy plane fly-ing at more than 60000 feet over Afghanistan His mission was to fly over suspected Sovietmissile bases and photograph them

As Powers passed over the forbidden border into the Soviet Union he felt a familiar thrillldquoThere was no abrupt change in topographyrdquo he remembered ldquoyet the moment you crossedthe border you sensed the difference Knowing there were people who would shoot youdown if they could created a strange tension I wondered how the Russians felt knowingI was up here unable to do anything about it I could imagine their frustration and ragerdquo

Suddenly Powers heard a dull thump A surface-to-air missile exploded nearby in a flashof orange The planersquos wings snapped off leaving the spinning aircraft plummeting downtowards the earth Powers screamed ldquoIrsquove had it nowrdquo

The downing of Powersrsquos plane set off one of the major confrontations of the Cold Warduring the presidency of Dwight D Eisenhower

mdashadapted from May-Day The U-2 Affair

July 1953Armistice inKorean War

1955 1961

Eisenhowerrsquos ldquoNew LookrdquoBy the end of 1952 many Americans were ready for a change in leadership The Cold

War had much to do with that attitude Many Americans believed that Trumanrsquos foreignpolicy was not working The Soviet Union had acquired the atomic bomb and consoli-dated its hold on Eastern Europe China had fallen to communism and American troopshad been sent across the Pacific to fight in the Korean War

Eisenhowerrsquos Policies

Francis Gary Powers

Main IdeaAs president Eisenhower developedplans to reduce world tensions while con-taining and competing with communism

Key Terms and Namesmassive retaliation Sputnik brinkman-ship covert Central Intelligence Agencydeveloping nation military-industrialcomplex

Reading StrategyOrganizing As you read aboutEisenhowerrsquos presidency complete agraphic organizer similar to the onebelow by filling in aspects of EisenhowerrsquosldquoNew Lookrdquo

Reading Objectivesbull Evaluate Eisenhowerrsquos military policy

known as the ldquoNew Lookrdquobull Debate the effectiveness of

Eisenhowerrsquos foreign policy

Section ThemeScience and Technology Nuclear tech-nology enabled Eisenhower to changeAmerican military policy while new missile technology marked the beginningof the space age

1952 1958

October 1956Hungarianrevolution

October 1956Suez Canal crisis

October 4 1957Soviet Unionlaunches Sputnik

May 1960U-2 incident

EisenhoweracutesldquoNew Lookrdquo

109921524

Tired of the criticism and uncertain he could winTruman decided not to run again The Democratsnominated Adlai Stevenson governor of Illinois TheRepublicans chose Dwight D Eisenhower the gen-eral who had organized the D-Day invasion

Despite Stevensonrsquos charming personality andskilled speech making he had no chance against anational hero who had helped win World War IIAmericans were looking for someone they couldtrust to lead the nation in its Cold War struggleagainst communism Eisenhower won in a landslide

ldquoMore Bang for the Buckrdquo The Cold War shapedEisenhowerrsquos thinking from the moment he tookoffice Eisenhower was convinced that the key to vic-tory in the Cold War was not simply military mightbut also a strong economy The United States had toshow the world that free enterprise could produce abetter and more prosperous society than commu-nism At the same time economic prosperity wouldprevent Communists from gaining support in theUnited States and protect society from subversion

As a professional soldier Eisenhower knew thecosts associated with large-scale conventional warPreparing for that kind of warfare he believedwould cost far too much money ldquoWe cannot defend

the nation in a way which will exhaust our econ-omyrdquo Eisenhower declared A ldquoNew Lookrdquo indefense policy was needed Instead of maintaining alarge and expensive army the nation ldquomust be pre-pared to use atomic weapons in all formsrdquo Nuclearweapons he said gave ldquomore bang for the buckrdquo

Massive Retaliation The Korean War had con-vinced Eisenhower that the United States could notcontain communism by fighting a series of smallwars Such wars were unpopular and too expensiveInstead they had to be prevented from happening inthe first place The best way to do that seemed to beto threaten to use nuclear weapons if a Communiststate tried to seize territory by force This policy cameto be called massive retaliation

The new policy enabled Eisenhower to cut mili-tary spending from $50 billion to $34 billion He didthis by cutting back the army which required a lot ofmoney to maintain At the same time he increasedAmericarsquos nuclear arsenal from about 1000 bombs in1953 to about 18000 bombs in 1961

The Sputnik Crisis The New Lookrsquos emphasis onnuclear weapons required new technology to deliverthem In 1955 the air force unveiled the huge B-52

TheHydrogenBombThe atomic bomb droppedon Hiroshima in 1945 hadan explosive force of 20000tons of TNT As devastatingas that bomb was thehydrogen bomb was expo-nentially more powerfulDesigned by Edward Tellerand Stanislaw Ulam thehydrogen test bomb nick-named ldquoMikerdquo was first det-onated on November 11952 Its explosive force wasequal to 10 million tons ofTNT How did the twoexplosive devices combineto create an explosion

The plutonium core provides the radiationfrom plutonium essential for a fusion reaction

The primary device sets off a smaller atomicexplosion that creates x-ray radiation pressure

In the secondary device the fusion processbegins when pressure builds inside the bombcasing from the release of radiation

High explosivecharges

Uranium shield

Plutonium 239

1694311

bomber which was designed to fly across continentsand drop nuclear bombs anywhere in the worldBecause bombers could be shot down Eisenhoweralso began development of intercontinental ballisticmissiles (ICBMs) that could deliver bombs anywherein the world He also began a program to build sub-marines capable of launching nuclear missiles

As the United States began to develop long-rangenuclear missiles Americans were stunned to dis-cover the Soviet Union had already developed theirown On October 4 1957 the Soviets launchedSputnik the first artificial satellite to orbit the earthThis technological triumph alarmed Americans whotook it as a sign that the United States was fallingbehind the Soviet Union in missile technology

Eisenhower insisted he was not worried justbecause the Soviets ldquoput one small ball into the airrdquoMembers of Congress on the other hand feared thenation was falling behind in scientific research Thefollowing year Congress created the NationalAeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) tocoordinate research in rocket science and space explo-ration It also passed the National Defense EducationAct (NDEA) which provided funds for educationand training in science math and foreign languages

Summarizing How did Eisenhoweralter the nature of defense spending

Brinkmanship In ActionPresident Eisenhowerrsquos apparent willingness to

threaten nuclear war to maintain the peace worriedsome people Secretary of State John Foster Dulleshowever the dominant figure in the nationrsquos foreignpolicy in the 1950s strongly defended the policy

ldquoYou have to take chances for peace just as youmust take chances in war Some say that we werebrought to the verge of war Of course we werebrought to the verge of war The ability to get to theverge without getting into the war is the necessaryart If you try to run away from it if you arescared to go to the brink you are lost Wersquove had tolook it square in the face We walked to the brinkand we looked it in the face We took strongactionrdquo

mdashquoted in Rise to Globalism

Critics called this brinkmanshipmdashthe willingnessto go to the brink of war to force the other side toback downmdashand argued that it was too dangerous

Several times however President Eisenhower feltcompelled to threaten nuclear war during a crisis

The Korean War Ends During his campaign for thepresidency Eisenhower had said ldquoI shall go toKoreardquo promising to end the costly and increasinglyunpopular war On December 4 1952 just weeksafter his election he kept his promise Bundledagainst the freezing Korean winter the president-elect talked with frontline commanders and theirtroops

Eisenhower became convinced that the ongoingbattle was costing too many lives and bringing toofew victories ldquoSmall attacks on small hillsrdquo the for-mer general declared ldquo[will] not end this warrdquo Thepresident then quietly let the Chinese know that theUnited States might continue the Korean War ldquoundercircumstances of our own choosingrdquomdasha hint atnuclear attack

The threat to go to the brink of nuclear war seemedto work In July 1953 negotiators signed an armisticeThe battle line between the two sides which was verynear the prewar boundary became the borderbetween North Korea and South Korea A ldquodemilita-rized zonerdquo (DMZ) separated them There was no vic-tory but the war had at least stopped the spread ofcommunism in Koreamdashthe goal of containmentAmerican troops are still based in Korea helpingSouth Korea defend its border

Reading Check

Cold War Worries The speaker here is comparing American prosperity withthe Sovietsrsquo launching of Sputnik What is the cartoonistrsquos intent

Analyzing Political Cartoons

ldquoSo Russia Launched a Satellite but Has It Made Cars With Fins Yetrdquo

24305136

The Taiwan Crisis Shortly after the war ended anew crisis erupted in Asia Although the ChineseCommunists had taken power in mainland China theChinese Nationalists still controlled Taiwan and sev-eral small islands along Chinarsquos coast

In the fall of 1954 China threatened to seize two ofthe islands from the Nationalists Eisenhower sawTaiwan as part of the ldquoanticommunist barrierrdquo inAsia When China began shelling the islands andannounced that Taiwan would soon be liberatedEisenhower asked Congress to authorize the use offorce to defend Taiwan

Eisenhower then warned the Chinese that anyattempt to invade Taiwan would be resisted byAmerican naval forces stationed nearby He and Dulleshinted that they would use nuclear weapons to stop aninvasion Soon afterward China backed down

The Suez Crisis The year after Eisenhower went tothe brink of war with China a serious crisis eruptedin the Middle East Eisenhowerrsquos goal in the Middle

East was to prevent Arab nations from aligning withthe Soviet Union To build support among ArabsDulles offered to help Egypt finance the constructionof a dam on the Nile River The Egyptians eagerlyaccepted the American offer

The deal ran into trouble in Congress howeverbecause Egypt had bought weapons from CommunistCzechoslovakia Dulles was forced to withdraw theoffer A week later Egyptian troops seized control ofthe Suez Canal from the Anglo-French company thathad controlled it The Egyptians intended to use thecanalrsquos profits to pay for the dam

The British and French responded quickly to theSuez Crisis In October 1956 British and French troopsinvaded Egypt Eisenhower was furious with Britainand France He declared they had made a ldquocompletemess and botch of thingsrdquo The situation became evenmore tense when the Soviet Union threatened rocketattacks on Britain and France and offered to sendtroops to help Egypt Eisenhower immediately putAmerican nuclear forces on alert noting ldquoIf those

500 kilometers0

Lambert Azimuthal Equal-Area projection

500 miles0

20degE0deg

10degW

40degN

50degN

Atlantic

Black Sea

BalticSeaNorth

Adriatic Sea

Mediterranean Sea

IRELAND UNITEDKINGDOM

FRANCE

BELGIUM

LUX WESTGERMANY

EASTGERMANY

POLAND

AUSTRIA

ALBANIA

YUGOSLAVIA

HUNGARYROMANIA

SOVIET UNION

BULGARIA

NORWAY

SWEDEN

FINLAND

DENMARK

CZECHOSLOVAKIA

TURKEY

ANDORRA

GREECE

Lisbon Madrid

Brussels Bonn

AmsterdamLondon

Dublin

Vienna

Berlin

Copenhagen

Tirana

Belgrade

Budapest

Prague

Warsaw

Moscow

Bucharest

Stockholm

Helsinki

Ankara

NATO and the Warsaw Pact 1955

By the mid-1950s two powerful military alliances NATOand the Warsaw Pact were facing each other in EuropeApplying Geography Skills How many European nationshad Communist governments in 1955

Iron CurtainCommunist nations not in Warsaw Pact

Non-Communist nations not in NATONATO countries

Warsaw Pact countries

Capital

14247011

fellows start something we may have to hit themmdashand if necessary with everything in the bucketrdquo

Under strong American pressure the British andFrench called off their invasion The Soviet Unionhad won a major diplomatic victory however bysupporting Egypt Soon afterward other Arabnations began accepting Soviet aid as well

Identifying What was brinkmanship

Fighting Communism Covertly President Eisenhower relied on brinkmanship on

several occasions but he knew it could not work inall situations It could prevent war but it could notfor example prevent Communists from staging revo-lutions within countries To prevent Communistuprisings in other countries Eisenhower decided touse covert or hidden operations conducted by theCentral Intelligence Agency (CIA)

Containment in Developing Nations Many of theCIArsquos operations took place in developing nationsmdashnations with primarily agricultural economies Manyof these countries blamed European imperialism andAmerican capitalism for their problems Their leaderslooked to the Soviet Union as a model of how to in-dustrialize their countries They often threatened tonationalize or put under government control foreignbusinesses operating in their countries

American officials feared that these leaders mightalign their nations with the Soviet Union or evenstage a Communist revolution One way to stop de-veloping nations from moving into the Communistcamp was to provide them with financial aid asEisenhower had tried to do in Egypt In some caseshowever where the threat of communism seemedstronger the CIA staged covert operations to over-throw anti-American leaders and replace them withpro-American leaders

Iran and Guatemala Two examples of covert oper-ations that achieved American objectives took placein Iran and Guatemala By 1953 Iranian prime minis-ter Mohammed Mossadegh had already nationalizedthe Anglo-Iranian Oil Company He seemed ready tomake an oil deal with the Soviet Union In 1953Mossadegh moved against the pro-American Shah ofIran who was temporarily forced into exile Dullesquickly sent agents to organize street riots andarrange a coup that ousted Mossadegh and the Shahreturned to power

The following year the CIA acted to protectAmerican-owned property in Guatemala In 1951Jacobo Arbenz Guzmaacuten won election as president ofGuatemala with Communist support His landreform program took over large estates includingthose of the American-owned United Fruit CompanyIn May 1954 Communist Czechoslovakia deliveredarms to Guatemala The CIA responded by armingthe Guatemalan opposition and training them atsecret camps in Nicaragua and Honduras Shortlyafter these CIA-trained forces invaded GuatemalaArbenz Guzmaacuten left office

Uprising in Hungary Covert operations did notalways work as Eisenhower hoped In 1953 Stalindied and a power struggle began in the SovietUnion By 1956 Nikita Khrushchev had emerged asthe leader of the Soviet Union That year Khrushchevdelivered a secret speech to Soviet leaders Heattacked Stalinrsquos policies and insisted there were

Reading Check

Distinguished Brothers John Foster Dulles (right) became secretary of stateunder Eisenhower his brother Allen Dulles (center) was director of the CIA inthe 1950s With what policy is John Foster Dulles associated

History

22998886

many ways to build a Communist society Althoughthe speech was secret the CIA obtained a copy WithEisenhowerrsquos permission the CIA arranged for it tobe broadcast to Eastern Europe

Many Eastern Europeans had long been frustratedwith Communist rule Hearing Khrushchevrsquos speechfurther discredited communism In June 1956 riotserupted in Eastern Europe By late October a full-scale uprising had begun in Hungary AlthoughKhrushchev was willing to tolerate greater freedomin Eastern Europe he had never meant to imply thatthe Soviets would tolerate an end to communism inEastern Europe Soon after the uprising began Soviettanks rolled into Budapest the capital of Hungaryand crushed the rebellion

Explaining Why did Eisenhoweruse covert operations

Continuing TensionsThe uprising in Hungary forced Khrushchev to

reassert Soviet power and the superiority ofcommunism Previously he had supportedldquopeaceful coexistencerdquo with capitalism Now heaccused the ldquocapitalist countriesrdquo of starting aldquofeverish arms racerdquo In 1957 after the launch ofSputnik Khrushchev boasted ldquoWe will burycapitalism Your grandchildren will live undercommunismrdquo

In late 1958 Khrushchev demanded that the UnitedStates Great Britain and France withdraw their troopsfrom West Berlin Secretary of State Dulles rejectedKhrushchevrsquos demands If the Soviets threatened

Berlin Dulles announced NATO would respond ldquoifneed be by military forcerdquo Brinkmanship workedagain and Khrushchev backed down

To try to improve relations Eisenhower invitedKhrushchev to visit the United States in late 1959The visit went well and the two leaders agreed tohold a summit in Paris in 1960 A summit is a formalface-to-face meeting of leaders from different coun-tries to discuss important issues

Shortly before the summit was to begin the SovietUnion shot down the American U-2 spy plane pilotedby Francis Gary Powers At first Eisenhower claimedthat the aircraft was a weather plane that had strayedoff course Then Khrushchev dramatically producedthe pilot Eisenhower refused to apologize saying theflights had protected American security In responseKhrushchev broke up the summit

In this climate of heightened tension PresidentEisenhower prepared to leave office In January1961 he delivered a farewell address to the nationIn the address he pointed out that a new relation-ship had developed between the military establish-ment and the defense industry He warnedAmericans to be on guard against the immenseinfluence of this military-industrial complex in ademocracy Although he had avoided war and keptcommunism contained Eisenhower admitted tosome frustration ldquoI confess I lay down my officialresponsibility in this field with a definite sense ofdisappointment I wish I could say that a lastingpeace is in sightrdquo

Evaluating Why did Eisenhowerwarn Americans about the military-industrial complex

Reading Check

Checking for Understanding1 Define massive retaliation brinkman-

ship covert developing nation military-industrial complex

2 Identify Sputnik Central IntelligenceAgency

3 Reviewing Facts What was the signifi-cance of the Soviet Unionrsquos launching ofSputnik in 1957

Reviewing Themes4 Science and Technology How did

technology shape Eisenhowerrsquos militarypolicy

Critical Thinking5 Interpreting Do you think

Eisenhowerrsquos foreign policy was successful Why or why not

6 Organizing Use a graphic organizersimilar to the one below to listEisenhowerrsquos strategies for containingCommunism

How many nations belongedto NATO How many nations belongedto the Warsaw Pact Which nations didnot belong to either NATO or theWarsaw Pact

8 Persuasive Writing Imagine you are a member of Eisenhowerrsquos cabinetDefend or attack brinkmanship as a foreign policy tactic Be sure to providespecific reasons for your point of view

Strategies forContaining

Communism

20705112

Critical Thinking

Why Learn This SkillSuppose you have been given the choice of tak-

ing an art class or a music class during your freeperiod during school How will you decide whichclass to take

Learning the Skill When you make a decision you are making a

choice between alternatives In order to make thatchoice you must be informed and aware There arefive key steps you should follow that will help youthrough the process of making decisions

bull Identify the problem What are you being askedto choose between

bull Gather information to identify and consider various alternatives that are possible

bull Determine the consequences for each alternativeIdentify both positive and negative consequences

bull Evaluate the consequences Consider both thepositive and negative consequences for eachalternative

bull Determine which alternative seems to have morepositive than negative consequences Then makeyour decision

Practicing the SkillDecisions throughout history have affected the

outcome of events and defined history as we knowit today Identify the alternatives and describe theirconsequences for each of the following events thatoccurred after World War II Each of these eventstook place as a result of a decision made by a per-son or a group of people

1 Britain and the United States recognize theSoviet-backed government that takes control inPoland

2 The United States orchestrates the Berlin airliftto assist residents of West Berlin after Stalin cutsoff surface transportation bringing suppliesfrom the West

3 The Marshall Plan for rebuilding war-tornWestern Europe is approved

4 President Truman relieves General DouglasMacArthur of his command because of insubordination

Skills AssessmentComplete the Practicing Skills questions on

and the Chapter 26 Skill ReinforcementActivity to assess your mastery of this skill

Making Decisions

Applying the SkillMaking Decisions Use a newspaper or magazine tofind a current issue that directly affects your lifeIdentify the issue and then review the facts and whatyou already know about the issue Identify variousalternatives and determine the consequences for eachUse this information to evaluate both positive and neg-ative consequences Make a sound decision aboutwhich alternative would be best for you and write aparagraph defending your decision

Glencoersquos Skillbuilder Interactive WorkbookCD-ROM Level 2 provides instruction andpractice in key social studies skills

President Truman and Dean Acheson

1717301

Reviewing Key Facts15 Identify Potsdam Marshall Plan NATO McCarthyism

16 How did Stalinrsquos postwar foreign policy goals add to thegrowing tensions between the United States and the USSR

17 Why were NATO and the Warsaw Pact formed

18 What was the long-term strategy of the United States duringthe Cold War

19 What were the effects of the new Red Scare on federalemployees

20 What was President Eisenhowerrsquos ldquonew lookrdquo for the military

Critical Thinking21 Analyzing Themes Global Connections How did the

Truman Doctrine and the Marshall Plan cause the UnitedStates to change its foreign policy goal of isolationism

22 Evaluating How did the Korean War affect Americandomestic and international policy

23 Organizing Use a graphic organizer similar to the onebelow to list the causes of the Cold War

24 Interpreting Primary Sources Margaret Chase Smith aRepublican from Maine was elected to the Senate in 1948As a newcomer and the only woman in the Senate she hadvery little power Smith was upset by Joseph McCarthyrsquosaccusations but she hoped her senior colleagues would reprimand him When they failed to do so Smith made herldquoDeclaration of Consciencerdquo speech Read the excerpt andanswer the questions that follow

1 Cold War

2 iron curtain

3 containment

4 limited war

5 subversion

6 perjury

7 censure

8 fallout

9 fallout shelter

10 massive retaliation

11 brinkmanship

12 covert

13 developing nation

14 military-industrial

complex

Reviewing Key TermsOn a sheet of paper use each of these terms in a sentence

Causes ofCold War

Soviet Union Western Allies

General Goals

In Europe

In the Middle East

In Asia

At Home

The Cold War

bull To create a protective sphere of Communist countries along European border

bull To promote the spread of communism

bull Occupied Eastern European nations and saw that Communist governments were established

bull Sought access to oil in Iranbull Aided Communists in Greece and pressured

Turkey for access to the Mediterranean

bull Communists seize power in China in 1949bull China and Soviet Union signed treaty of

friendship and alliancebull Communist North Korea invaded South Korea

to start Korean Warbull Chinese troops fought for North Korea

bull Promoted development of high-technology weapons and surveillance

bull To contain the spread of communism by supporting capitalist democratic governments

bull Expected free elections to occur in Soviet-controlled Eastern Europe

bull Forced Soviet withdrawal from Iran bull Pledged aid to halt Soviet threats to Turkey

and Greece

bull Aided Chinarsquos Nationalist government bull Dedicated money and troops to establish

democratic stronghold in Japanbull United Nations troops sent to fight for

South Korea in Korean War

bull Focused on the development of advanced technology weapons

ldquoAs a United States Senator I am not proud of the

way in which the Senate has been made a publicity plat-

form for irresponsible sensationalism I am not proud of

the reckless abandon in which unproved charges have

been hurled from this side of the aisle I am not proud

of the obviously staged undignified countercharges that

have been attempted in retaliation from the other side

of the aisle I am not proud of the way we smear

outsiders from the Floor of the Senate and hide behind

the cloak of congressional immunity

As an American I am shocked at the way

Republicans and Democrats alike are playing directly

into the Communist design of lsquoconfuse divide and

conquerrsquo I want to see our nation recapture the

strength and unity it once had when we fought the

enemy instead of ourselvesrdquomdashfrom Declaration of Conscience

a With whom is Smith angry and why

b According to Smith who is really dividing the nation

Practicing Skills 25 Making Decisions Study the text on the Truman Doctrine

on page 785 Then use the steps you learned about makingdecisions on page 803 to identify the alternatives the presi-dent had in making a decision to ask for aid to fight Sovietaggression in Turkey and Greece Create a graphic organizerto list the alternatives

Chapter Activity26 Technology Activity Developing a Multimedia

Presentation Use the Internet and other resources to findout more about American popular culture during the ColdWar Then create a multimedia report about popular cultureat this time and present your report to the class Your reportcould discuss films books and magazine articles

Writing Activity27 Persuasive Writing Imagine that you have witnessed the

crowds giving General MacArthur a herorsquos welcome Writean opinion piece for a magazine justifying his reception orcriticizing it because of his disagreement with Truman

Geography and History28 The map above shows the occupation of Berlin after World

War II Study the map and answer the questions below a Interpreting Maps How was West Berlinrsquos location a dis-

advantage How did Stalin use this disadvantage againstthe Western Allies

b Applying Geography Skills What transportation advan-tage did West Berlin have over East Berlin How did theUnited States use this advantage when West Berlin wasstranded

Self-Check QuizVisit the American Vision Web site at tavglencoecom

and click on Self-Check QuizzesmdashChapter 26 toassess your knowledge of chapter content

HISTORY

StandardizedTest Practice

Directions Choose the phrase that bestcompletes the following sentence

One historical lesson from the McCarthy era is the realiza-tion that

A loyalty oaths prevent spying

B communism is influential in prosperous times

C Communist agents had infiltrated all levels of the USgovernment

D public fear of traitors can lead to intolerance and discrimination

Test-Taking Tip Think about the definition of McCarthyism

the use of unsubstantiated accusations to discredit people

Which of the answers relates best to this definition

5 kilometers0Albers Conic Equal-Area projection

5 miles0

EASTGERMANY

Brandenburg Gate

Tempelhof

EastBerlin

WestBerlin

The Occupation of Berlin AfterWorld War II 1945

Airports

American sectorBritish sectorFrench sectorSoviet sector

HISTORY

5 miles0

EASTGERMANY

Brandenburg Gate

Tempelhof

EastBerlin

WestBerlin

Airports

The American Vision

Table of Contents

Previewing Your Textbook

Scavenger Hunt

Reading for Information

How Do I Study History

Reading Skills Handbook

Identifying Words and Building vocabulary

Reading for a Reason

Understanding What You Read

Thinking About Your Reading

Understanding Text Structure

Reading for Research

National Geographic Reference Atlas

United States Political

United States Physical

United States 2000 Congressional Reapportionment

United States Territorial Growth

Middle America PhysicalPolitical

Canada PhysicalPolitical

Middle East PhysicalPolitical

World Political

United States Facts

National Geographic Geography Handbook

Introduction

Globes and Maps

Using Maps

The Elements of Geography

Geographic Dictionary

Unit 1 Three Worlds Meet Beginnings to 1763

Chapter 1 Converging Cultures Prehistory to 1520

Section 1 The Migration to America

Section 2 Native American Cultures

Section 3 African Cultures

Section 4 European Cultures

Section 5 Europe Encounters America

Chapter 1 Assessment and Activities

Chapter 2 Colonizing America 1519ndash1733

Section 1 The Spanish and French Build Empires

Section 2 English Colonies in America

Section 3 New England

Section 4 The Middle and Southern Colonies


Chapter 3 Colonial Ways of Life 1607ndash1763

Section 1 The Southern Colonies

Section 2 New England and the Middle Colonies

Section 3 The Imperial System

Section 4 A Diverse Society


Unit 2 Creating a Nation 1754ndash1816

Chapter 4 The American Revolution 1754ndash1783

Section 1 The Colonies Fight for Their Rights

Section 2 The Revolution Begins

The Declaration of Independence

Section 3 The War for Independence

Section 4 The War Changes American Society


Chapter 5 Creating a Constitution 1781ndash1789

Section 1 The Confederation

Section 2 A New Constitution

Section 3 Ratification


The Constitution Handbook

The Constitution of the United States

Chapter 6 Federalists and Republicans 1789ndash1816

Section 1 Washington and Congress

Section 2 Partisan Politics

Section 3 Jefferson in Office

Section 4 The War of 1812


Unit 3 The Young Republic 1789ndash1850

Chapter 7 Growth and Division 1816ndash1832

Section 1 American Nationalism

Section 2 Early Industry

Section 3 The Land of Cotton

Section 4 Growing Sectionalism


Chapter 8 The Spirit of Reform 1828ndash1845

Section 1 Jacksonian America

Section 2 A Changing Culture

Section 3 Reforming Society

Section 4 The Abolitionist Movement


Chapter 9 Manifest Destiny 1835ndash1848

Section 1 The Western Pioneers

Section 2 Independence for Texas

Section 3 The War With Mexico


Unit 4 The Crisis of Union 1848ndash1877

Chapter 10 Sectional Conflict Intensifies 1848ndash1860

Section 1 Slavery and Western Expansion

Section 2 Mounting Violence

Section 3 The Crisis Deepens

Section 4 The Union Dissolves


Chapter 11 The Civil War 1861ndash1865

Section 1 The Opposing Sides

Section 2 The Early Stages

Section 3 Life During the War

Section 4 The Turning Point

Section 5 The War Ends


Chapter 12 Reconstruction 1865ndash1877

Section 1 Reconstruction Plans

Section 2 Congressional Reconstruction

Section 3 Republican Rule

Section 4 Reconstruction Collapses


Unit 5 The Birth of Modern America 1865ndash1900

Chapter 13 Settling the West 1865ndash1900

Section 1 Miners and Ranchers

Section 2 Farming the Plains

Section 3 Native Americans


Chapter 14 Industrialization 1865ndash1901

Section 1 The Rise of Industry

Section 2 The Railroads

Section 3 Big Business

Section 4 Unions


Chapter 15 Urban America 1865ndash1896

Section 1 Immigration

Section 2 Urbanization

Section 3 The Gilded Age

Section 4 The Rebirth of Reform


Chapter 16 Politics and Reform 1877ndash1896

Section 1 Stalemate in Washington

Section 2 Populism

Section 3 The Rise of Segregation


Unit 6 Imperialism and Progressivism 1890ndash1919

Chapter 17 Becoming a World Power 1872ndash1912

Section 1 The Imperialist Vision

Section 2 The Spanish-American War

Section 3 New American Diplomacy


Chapter 18 The Progressive Movement 1890ndash1919

Section 1 The Roots of Progressivism

Section 2 Roosevelt in Office

Section 3 The Taft Administration

Section 4 The Wilson Years


Chapter 19 World War I and Its Aftermath 1914ndash1920

Section 1 The United States Enters World War I

Section 2 The Home Front

Section 3 A Bloody Conflict

Section 4 The Wars Impact


Unit 7 Boom and Bust 1920ndash1941

Chapter 20 The Jazz Age 1921ndash1929

Section 1 A Clash of Values

Section 2 Cultural Innovations

Section 3 African American Culture


Chapter 21 Normalcy and Good Times 1921ndash1929

Section 1 Presidential Politics

Section 2 A Growing Economy

Section 3 The Policies of Prosperity


Chapter 22 The Great Depression Begins 1929ndash1932

Section 1 Causes of the Depression

Section 2 Life During the Depression

Section 3 Hoover Responds


Chapter 23 Roosevelt and the New Deal 1933ndash1939

Section 1 Roosevelt Takes Office

Section 2 The First New Deal

Section 3 The Second New Deal

Section 4 The New Deal Coalition


Unit 8 Global Struggles 1931ndash1960

Chapter 24 A World in Flames 1931ndash1941

Section 1 America and the World

Section 2 World War II Begins

Section 3 The Holocaust

Section 4 America Enters the War


Chapter 25 America and World War II 1941ndash1945

Section 1 Mobilizing for War

Section 2 The Early Battles

Section 3 Life on the Home Front

Section 4 Pushing the Axis Back



Chapter 26 The Cold War Begins 1945ndash1960

Section 1 Origins of the Cold War

Section 2 The Early Cold War Years

Section 3 The Cold War and American Society

Section 4 Eisenhowers Policies


Chapter 27 Postwar America 1945ndash1960

Section 1 Truman and Eisenhower

Section 2 The Affluent Society

Section 3 Popular Culture of the 1950s

Section 4 The Other Side of American Life


Unit 9 A Time of Upheaval 1954ndash1980

Chapter 28 The New Frontier and the Great Society 1961ndash1968

Section 1 The New Frontier

Section 2 JFK and the Cold War

Section 3 The Great Society


Chapter 29 The Civil Rights Movement 1954ndash1968

Section 1 The Movement Begins

Section 2 Challenging Segregation

Section 3 New Issues


Chapter 30 The Vietnam War 1954ndash1975

Section 1 The United States Focuses on Vietnam

Section 2 Going to War in Vietnam

Section 3 Vietnam Divides the Nation

Section 4 The War Winds Down


Chapter 31 The Politics of Protest 1960ndash1980

Section 1 The Student Movement and the Counterculture

Section 2 The Feminist Movement

Section 3 New Approaches to Civil Rights

Section 4 Saving the Earth


Unit 10 A Changing Society 1968ndashPresent

Chapter 32 Politics and Economics 1971ndash1980

Section 1 The Nixon Administration

Section 2 The Watergate Scandal

Section 3 Ford and Carter

Section 4 The Me Decade Life in the 1970s


Chapter 33 Resurgence of Conservatism 1980ndash1992

Section 1 The New Conservatism

Section 2 The Reagan Years

Section 3 Life in the 1980s

Section 4 The End of the Cold War


Chapter 34 Into a New Century 1992ndashpresent

Section 1 The Technological Revolution

Section 2 The Clinton Years

Section 3 An Interdependent World

Section 4 America Enters a New Century

Section 5 The War on Terrorism


Appendix

Presidents of the United States

Primary Sources Library

Documents of American History

Supreme Court Case Summaries

Flag Etiquette

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index

Acknowledgments and Photo Credits

Feature Contents



American Literature

What Ifhellip

Technology amp History

Linking Past amp Present

Different Viewpoints

National Geographic Geography amp History

National Geographic Moment in History

World History Connection

World Geography Connection

Profiles in History

SkillBuilder

Social Studies

Critical Thinking

Study amp Writing

Technology

Why It Matters

What Life Was Likehellip

Youre the Historian

TIME Notebook

Fact Fiction Folklore

Causes and Effects

Primary Source Quotes

National Geographic Maps

Charts amp Graphs

Student Workbooks

Active Reading Note-Taking Guide - Student Edition





































































Section 4 Unions








Section 2 Populism
























































































Haitian Creole Summaries

Chapit 1 Rankont Kilti yo Preyistwa jouk 1520

Chapit 2 Kolonizasyon Amerik 1519ndash1733

Chapit 3 Mogravedvi Kolonyal 1607ndash1763

Chapit 4 Revolisyon Ameriken 1754ndash1783

Chapit 5 Kreyasyon yon Konstitisyon 1781ndash1789

Chapit 6 Federalis ak Repibliken 1789ndash1816

Chapit 7 Ekspansyon ak Divizyon

Chapit 8 Lespri Refogravem nan 1828ndash1845

Chapit 9 Destine Manifegraves 1835ndash1848

Chapit 10 Konfli Gwoup yo Ogmante 1848ndash1860

Chapit 11 Lagegrave Sivil 1861ndash1865

Chapit 12 Rekonstriksyon 1865ndash1877

Chapit 13 Kolonizasyon Lwegraves 1865ndash1900

Chapit 14 Endistriyalizasyon 1865ndash1901

Chapit 15 Mogravedvi nan Vil Ameriken yo 1865ndash1896

Chapit 16 Politik ak Refogravem 1877ndash1896

Chapit 17 Peyi a Vin yon Puisans Mondyal 1872ndash1912

Chapit 18 Mouvman Pwogresif 1890ndash1919

Chapit 19 Premye Gegrave Mondyal ak Konsekans li yo 1914ndash1920

Chapit 20 Epogravek Djaz 1921ndash1929

Chapit 21 Nogravemalite ak Pwosperite 1921ndash1929

Chapit 22 Lagrann Depresyon Koumanse 1929ndash1932

Chapit 23 Roosevelt an Nyoudil 1933ndash1939

Chapit 24 Yon Monn Vyolan 1931ndash1941

Chapit 25 Amerik ak Dezyegravem Gegrave Mondyal 1941ndash1945

Chapit 26 Gegravefwad Koumanse 1945ndash1960

Chapit 27 Amerik Apre Lagegrave 1945ndash1960

Chapit 28 Fwontyegrave ak Gran Sosyete 1961ndash1968

Chapit 29 Mouvman pou Dwa Sivil yo 1954ndash1968

Chapit 30 Lagegrave Vyetnam 1954ndash1975

Chapit 31 Politik Pwotestasyon 1960ndash1980

Chapit 32 Politik ak Ekonomi 1971ndash1980

Chapit 33 Remonte Konsegravevatis 1980ndash1992

Chapit 34 Nan yon Nouvo Syegravek 1992ndashJouk Kounye a

Reading Essentials and Study Guide - Student Edition





































































Section 4 Unions








Section 2 Populism
























































































Spanish Reading Essentials and Study Guide - Student Edition

Capiacutetulo 1 El encuentro de culturas de la prehistoria a 1520

Seccioacuten 1 La migracioacuten hacia Ameacuterica

Seccioacuten 2 Culturas nativas de Ameacuterica

Seccioacuten 3 Culturas africanas

Seccioacuten 4 Las culturas europeas

Seccioacuten 5 Europa encuentra Ameacuterica

Capiacutetulo 2 La colonizacioacuten de los Estados Unidos 1519 a 1733

Seccioacuten 1 Los imperios espantildeol y franceacutes

Seccioacuten 2 Colonias inglesas en Ameacuterica

Seccioacuten 3 Nueva Inglaterra

Seccioacuten 4 Las colonias del medio este y del sureste

Capiacutetulo 3 La eacutepoca colonial 1607 a 1763

Seccioacuten 1 La colonias del sureste

Seccioacuten 2 Nueva Inglaterra y las colonias centrales

Seccioacuten 3 El sistema imperial

Seccioacuten 4 Una sociedad diversa

Capiacutetulo 4 La Revolucioacuten de los Estados Unidos 1754 a 1783

Seccioacuten 1 La lucha de las colonias por sus derechos

Seccioacuten 2 Inicio de la Revolucioacuten

Seccioacuten 3 La Guerra por la Independencia

Seccioacuten 4 La Guerra cambia a la sociedad americana

Capiacutetulo 5 La creacioacuten de una constitucioacuten 1781 a 1789

Seccioacuten 1 La Confederacioacuten

Seccioacuten 2 Una nueva Constitucioacuten

Seccioacuten 3 Ratificacioacuten

Capiacutetulo 6 Federalistas y republicanos 1789 a 1816

Seccioacuten 1 Washington y el Congreso

Seccioacuten 2 Partidos poliacuteticos

Seccioacuten 3 Jefferson presidente

Seccioacuten 4 La guerra de 1812

Capiacutetulo 7 Crecimiento y divisioacuten 1816 a 1832

Seccioacuten 1 Nacionalismo americano

Seccioacuten 2 Antecedentes de la industrializacioacuten

Seccioacuten 3 La tierra del algodoacuten

Seccioacuten 4 Divisionismo creciente

Capiacutetulo 8 El espiacuteritu de la reforma 1828 a 1845

Seccioacuten 1 La Ameacuterica Jacksoniana

Seccioacuten 2 Una cultura cambiante

Seccioacuten 3 Reformando a la sociedad

Seccioacuten 4 El movimiento abolicionista

Capiacutetulo 9 Un Destino Manifiesto 1835 a 1848

Seccioacuten 1 Los pioneros del Oeste

Seccioacuten 2 Independencia para Texas

Seccioacuten 3 La guerra con Meacutexico

Capiacutetulo 10 Las regiones entran en conflicto 1848 a 1860

Seccioacuten 1 La esclavitud y la expansioacuten hacia el Oeste

Seccioacuten 2 La escalada de la violencia

Seccioacuten 3 La crisis se profundiza

Seccioacuten 4 Disolucioacuten de la Unioacuten

Capiacutetulo 11 La Guerra Civil 1861 a 1865

Seccioacuten 1 Los contrincantes

Seccioacuten 2 Las primeras etapas

Seccioacuten 3 La vida durante la guerra

Seccioacuten 4 El momento decisivo

Seccioacuten 5 Termina la guerra

Capiacutetulo 12 La Reconstruccioacuten 1865 a 1877

Seccioacuten 1 Los planes de reconstruccioacuten

Seccioacuten 2 La reconstruccioacuten del Congreso

Seccioacuten 3 Gobierno republicano

Seccioacuten 4 El colapso de la reconstruccioacuten

Capiacutetulo 13 La colonizacioacuten del oeste 1865 a 1900

Seccioacuten 1 Mineros y rancheros

Seccioacuten 2 El cultivo de las llanuras

Seccioacuten 3 Los indiacutegenas norteamericanos

Capiacutetulo 14 El crecimiento industrial 1865 a 1901

Seccioacuten 1 El surgimiento de la industria

Seccioacuten 2 Los ferrocarriles

Seccioacuten 3 Los grandes negocios

Seccioacuten 4 Los sindicatos

Capiacutetulo 15 La vida urbana de los Estados Unidos 1865 a 1896

Seccioacuten 1 Los inmigrantes

Seccioacuten 2 La urbanizacioacuten

Seccioacuten 3 La eacutepoca dorado

Seccioacuten 4 El renacimiento de la Reforma

Capiacutetulo 16 Poliacutetica y reforma 1877 a 1896

Seccioacuten 1 Estancamiento en Washington

Seccioacuten 2 El populismo

Seccioacuten 3 El origen de la segregacioacuten

Capiacutetulo 17 Una potencia mundial 1872 a 1912

Seccioacuten 1 La visioacuten imperialista

Seccioacuten 2 La guerra hispano-americana

Seccioacuten 3 La nueva diplomacia americana

Capiacutetulo 18 El Movimiento Progresista 1890 a 1919

Seccioacuten 1 Las raiacuteces del movimiento progresista

Seccioacuten 2 Roosevelt en el gobierno

Seccioacuten 3 La administracioacuten de Taft

Seccioacuten 4 Los antildeos de Wilson

Capiacutetulo 19 La Primera Guerra Mundial y sus repercusiones 1914 a 1920

Seccioacuten 1 Estados Unidos entra en la primera guerra mundial

Seccioacuten 2 El frente domeacuteestico

Seccioacuten 3 Un conflicto sangriento

Seccioacuten 4 El impacto de la guerra

Capiacutetulo 20 La eacutepoca del jazz 1921 a 1929

Seccioacuten 1 El colapso de los valores

Seccioacuten 2 Innovaciones culturales

Seccioacuten 3 Cultura afroamericana

Capiacutetulo 21 Normalidad y prosperidad 1921 a 1929

Seccioacuten 1 Poliacutetica presidencial

Seccioacuten 2 Una economiacutea creciente

Seccioacuten 3 Poliacuteticas de prosperidad

Capiacutetulo 22 Inicio de la Gran Depresioacuten 1929 a 1932

Seccioacuten 1 Causas de la depresioacuten

Seccioacuten 2 La vida durante la depresioacuten

Seccioacuten 3 La respuesta de Hoover

Capiacutetulo 23 Roosevelt y el Nuevo Trato 1933 a 1939

Seccioacuten 1 Roosevelt asume el poder

Seccioacuten 2 El Primer Nuevo Trato

Seccioacuten 3 El Segundo Nuevo Trato

Seccioacuten 4 El nuevo trato de la coalicioacuten

Capiacutetulo 24 Un mundo en llamas 1934 a 1941

Seccioacuten 1 Estados Unidos y el mundo

Seccioacuten 2 La segunda Guerra Mundial

Seccioacuten 3 El holocausto

Seccioacuten 4 Estados Unidos entra a la guerra

Capiacutetulo 25 Los Estados Unidos y la Segunda Guerra Mundial 1941 a 1945

Seccioacuten 1 Movilizacioacuten prebeacutelica

Seccioacuten 2 Las primeras batallas

Seccioacuten 3 La vida en el frente interno

Seccioacuten 4 La ofensiva de la alianza

Seccioacuten 5 Fin de la guerra

Capiacutetulo 26 El comienzo de la Guerra Friacutea 1945 a 1960

Seccioacuten 1 Los oriacutegenes de la Guerra Friacutea

Seccioacuten 2 Primeros antildeos de la Guerra Friacutea

Seccioacuten 3 La Guerra Friacutea y la sociedad estadounidense

Seccioacuten 4 Las poliacuteticas de Eisenhower

Capiacutetulo 27 Los Estados Unidos despueacutes de la guerra 1945 a 1960

Seccioacuten 1 Truman y Eisenhower

Seccioacuten 2 La sociedad opulenta

Seccioacuten 3 Cultura popular en los antildeos 50

Seccioacuten 4 El otro lado de la vida americana

Capiacutetulo 28 La nueva frontera y la gran sociedad 1961 a 1968

Seccioacuten 1 La Nueva Frontera

Seccioacuten 2 JFK y la Guerra Friacutea

Seccioacuten 3 La Gran Sociedad

Capiacutetulo 29 El movimiento por los Derechos Civiles 1954 a 1968

Seccioacuten 1 Comienzo del movimiento

Seccioacuten 2 El desafiacuteo a la segregacioacuten

Seccioacuten 3 Nuevos asuntos

Capiacutetulo 30 La Guerra de Vietnam 1954 a 1975

Seccioacuten 1 Estados Unidos se concentra en Vietnam

Seccioacuten 2 En Camino a la guerra

Seccioacuten 3 Vietnam divide a estados unidos


Capiacutetulo 31 La poliacutetica de protesta 1960 a 1980

Seccioacuten 1 El movimiento estudiantil y la contracultura

Seccioacuten 2 El movimiento feminista

Seccioacuten 3 Nuevos acercamientos a los derechos civiles

Seccioacuten 4 Salven a la Tierra

Capiacutetulo 32 Poliacutetica y economiacutea 1971 a 1980

Seccioacuten 1 La administracioacuten de Nixon

Seccioacuten 2 El escaacutendalo del Watergate

Seccioacuten 3 Ford y Carter

Seccioacuten 4 La deacutecada del ldquoyordquo La vida en los antildeos 70

Capiacutetulo 33 Resurgimiento del conservadurismo 1980 a 1992

Seccioacuten 1 El nuevo conservadurismo

Seccioacuten 2 Los antildeos de Reagan

Seccioacuten 3 La vida en los antildeos 80

Seccioacuten 4 El fin de la Guerra Friacutea

Capiacutetulo 34 Hacia un nuevo siglo 1992 al presente

Seccioacuten 1 La revolucioacuten tecnoloacutegica

Seccioacuten 2 La era Clinton

Seccioacuten 3 Un mundo interdependiente

Seccioacuten 4 Ameacuterica entra a un nuevo siglo

Seccioacuten 5 La guera contra el terrorismo

Spanish Summaries



































Standardized Test Skills Practice Workbook - Student Edition

Objectives Addressed in the Activities

Workbook Overview

Preparing for a Standardized Test

Activity 1 Arranging Events in Sequential Order

Activity 2 Using Latitude and Longitude on a Map

Activity 3 Interpreting Primary Sources

Activity 4 Distinguishing Between Fact and Nonfact

Activity 5 Comparing and Contrasting

Activity 6 Making Inferences

Activity 7 Interpreting Diagrams

Activity 8 Perceiving Cause-and-Effect Relationships

Activity 9 Outlining Information for Writing

Activity 10 Detecting Bias

Activity 11 Evaluating the Consequences of Decisions

Activity 12 Identifying the Main Idea

Activity 13 Predicting Outcomes

Activity 14 Analyzing a Political Cartoon

Activity 15 Persuasive Writing About an Issue

Activity 16 Analyzing Statistics



Activity 19 Recognizing Forms of Propaganda

Activity 20 Forming Hypotheses

Activity 21 Classifying Facts and Details

Activity 22 Identifying and Evaluating Evidence


Activity 24 Interpreting Charts and Tables

Activity 25 Making Decisions

Activity 26 Writing a News Story

Activity 27 Interpreting Graphs

Activity 28 Making Generalizations

Activity 29 Recognizing Point of View

Activity 30 Writing to Inform an Audience

Activity 31 Using Bar Graphs to Interpret Data

Activity 32 Developing a Process to Solve a Problem


Activity 34 Interpreting and Evaluating Editorials

Help

Internet Link

Previous Document

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1956bull Suez Canal crisis

bull Hungarians rise up againsttheir Communist government

HISTORY

Chapter OverviewVisit the American VisionWeb site at tavglencoecomand click on ChapterOverviewsmdashChapter 26 topreview chapter information

During Nixonrsquos 1959 visit to Moscow the vice president exchanged angry words with Soviet leaderNikita Khrushchev during the ldquokitchenrdquo debate at an exhibit at the US Trade and Cultural Fair

1953bull Rosenbergs executed

for treason

bull Armistice reached inKorean War

1959bull Khrushchev and

Eisenhower hold summit

1960bull U-2 incident

1953bull Stalin dies

1955 1960

Eisenhower1953ndash1961

1957bull Soviet Union

launches Sputnik

May 1946

December 1945

Harry S Truman

11201121

Reading Check

2364156

1411116

Reading Check

History

23479585

Reading Check

200 miles0

50degN

0deg 10degE 20degE

FRANCE

SWITZ AUSTRIA

UNITEDKINGDOM

WESTGERMANY

EASTGERMANY POLAND

HUNGARY

YUGOSLAVIA

ALBANIAGREECE

BULGARIA

ROMANIA

SOVIETUNIONLUX

BerlinWarsaw

Prague

ViennaBudapest

London

Divided Europe 1948

14769511

1948 1950

1947 1949

1945 1951

10386143

the United States

21985236

ECONOMICS

Reading Check

George Marshall

7141903

Evaluating What

Reading Check

History

Evaluating What

Reading Check

History

25747235

Reading Check

100 kilometers

100 miles0

40degN

130degE

38th Parallel

YellowSea

Sea ofJapan

Yalu RiverCHINA

SOVIET UNION

NORTHKOREA

SOUTHKOREA

Pyongyang

Inchon

100 kilometers

100 miles0

40degN

130degE

38th Parallel

YellowSea

Sea ofJapan

Yalu River

SOVIET UNION

SOUTHKOREA

NORTHKOREA

Pyongyang

Inchon

PanmunjomSeoul

1056899

10145829

Reading Check

and the US

HISTORY

22246486

1950 1953

99211876

GOVERNMENT

History

28223883

Reading Check

20381161

1910626

History

16284761

Reading Check

History

1735066

Reading Check

Act propose to do

RedScare

EffectsCauses

1569956

1955 1961

Francis Gary Powers

1952 1958

109921524

Uranium shield

Plutonium 239

1694311

Reading Check

24305136

500 kilometers0

500 miles0

20degE0deg

10degW

40degN

50degN

Atlantic

Black Sea

BalticSeaNorth

Adriatic Sea

Mediterranean Sea

FRANCE

BELGIUM

LUX WESTGERMANY

EASTGERMANY

POLAND

AUSTRIA

ALBANIA

YUGOSLAVIA

HUNGARYROMANIA

SOVIET UNION

BULGARIA

NORWAY

SWEDEN

FINLAND

DENMARK

CZECHOSLOVAKIA

TURKEY

ANDORRA

GREECE

Lisbon Madrid

Brussels Bonn

AmsterdamLondon

Dublin

Vienna

Berlin

Copenhagen

Tirana

Belgrade

Budapest

Prague

Warsaw

Moscow

Bucharest

Stockholm

Helsinki

Ankara

Capital

14247011

Reading Check

History

22998886

Reading Check

Communism

20705112

Critical Thinking

Making Decisions

1717301

1 Cold War

2 iron curtain

3 containment

4 limited war

5 subversion

6 perjury

7 censure

8 fallout

9 fallout shelter

11 brinkmanship

12 covert

complex

Causes ofCold War

General Goals

In Europe

In the Middle East

In Asia

At Home

The Cold War

and Greece

HISTORY

5 miles0

EASTGERMANY

Brandenburg Gate

Tempelhof

EastBerlin

WestBerlin

Airports

HISTORY

5 miles0

EASTGERMANY

Brandenburg Gate

Tempelhof

EastBerlin

WestBerlin

Airports

The American Vision

Table of Contents


Scavenger Hunt


















World Political

United States Facts


Introduction

Globes and Maps

Using Maps




























































































Section 4 Unions










Section 2 Populism
















































































































Appendix





Flag Etiquette

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index


Feature Contents



American Literature

What Ifhellip








Profiles in History

SkillBuilder

Social Studies

Critical Thinking

Study amp Writing

Technology

Why It Matters


Youre the Historian

TIME Notebook


Causes and Effects



Charts amp Graphs

Student Workbooks






































































Section 4 Unions








Section 2 Populism
































































































































































































Section 4 Unions








Section 2 Populism





























































































































































































































































Spanish Summaries





































Workbook Overview




































Help

Internet Link

Previous Document

Search - Document


Page Navigator

Exit

May 1946

December 1945

Harry S Truman

11201121

Reading Check

2364156

1411116

Reading Check

History

23479585

Reading Check

200 miles0

50degN

0deg 10degE 20degE

FRANCE

SWITZ AUSTRIA

UNITEDKINGDOM

WESTGERMANY

EASTGERMANY POLAND

HUNGARY

YUGOSLAVIA

ALBANIAGREECE

BULGARIA

ROMANIA

SOVIETUNIONLUX

BerlinWarsaw

Prague

ViennaBudapest

London

Divided Europe 1948

14769511

1948 1950

1947 1949

1945 1951

10386143

the United States

21985236

ECONOMICS

Reading Check

George Marshall

7141903

Evaluating What

Reading Check

History

Evaluating What

Reading Check

History

25747235

Reading Check

100 kilometers

100 miles0

40degN

130degE

38th Parallel

YellowSea

Sea ofJapan

Yalu RiverCHINA

SOVIET UNION

NORTHKOREA

SOUTHKOREA

Pyongyang

Inchon

100 kilometers

100 miles0

40degN

130degE

38th Parallel

YellowSea

Sea ofJapan

Yalu River

SOVIET UNION

SOUTHKOREA

NORTHKOREA

Pyongyang

Inchon

PanmunjomSeoul

1056899

10145829

Reading Check

and the US

HISTORY

22246486

1950 1953

99211876

GOVERNMENT

History

28223883

Reading Check

20381161

1910626

History

16284761

Reading Check

History

1735066

Reading Check

Act propose to do

RedScare

EffectsCauses

1569956

1955 1961

Francis Gary Powers

1952 1958

109921524

Uranium shield

Plutonium 239

1694311

Reading Check

24305136

500 kilometers0

500 miles0

20degE0deg

10degW

40degN

50degN

Atlantic

Black Sea

BalticSeaNorth

Adriatic Sea

Mediterranean Sea

FRANCE

BELGIUM

LUX WESTGERMANY

EASTGERMANY

POLAND

AUSTRIA

ALBANIA

YUGOSLAVIA

HUNGARYROMANIA

SOVIET UNION

BULGARIA

NORWAY

SWEDEN

FINLAND

DENMARK

CZECHOSLOVAKIA

TURKEY

ANDORRA

GREECE

Lisbon Madrid

Brussels Bonn

AmsterdamLondon

Dublin

Vienna

Berlin

Copenhagen

Tirana

Belgrade

Budapest

Prague

Warsaw

Moscow

Bucharest

Stockholm

Helsinki

Ankara

Capital

14247011

Reading Check

History

22998886

Reading Check

Communism

20705112

Critical Thinking

Making Decisions

1717301

1 Cold War

2 iron curtain

3 containment

4 limited war

5 subversion

6 perjury

7 censure

8 fallout

9 fallout shelter

11 brinkmanship

12 covert

complex

Causes ofCold War

General Goals

In Europe

In the Middle East

In Asia

At Home

The Cold War

and Greece

HISTORY

5 miles0

EASTGERMANY

Brandenburg Gate

Tempelhof

EastBerlin

WestBerlin

Airports

HISTORY

5 miles0

EASTGERMANY

Brandenburg Gate

Tempelhof

EastBerlin

WestBerlin

Airports

The American Vision

Table of Contents


Scavenger Hunt


















World Political

United States Facts


Introduction

Globes and Maps

Using Maps




























































































Section 4 Unions










Section 2 Populism
















































































































Appendix





Flag Etiquette

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index


Feature Contents



American Literature

What Ifhellip








Profiles in History

SkillBuilder

Social Studies

Critical Thinking

Study amp Writing

Technology

Why It Matters


Youre the Historian

TIME Notebook


Causes and Effects



Charts amp Graphs

Student Workbooks






































































Section 4 Unions








Section 2 Populism
































































































































































































Section 4 Unions








Section 2 Populism





























































































































































































































































Spanish Summaries





































Workbook Overview




































Help

Internet Link

Previous Document

Search - Document


Page Navigator

Exit

Reading Check

2364156

1411116

Reading Check

History

23479585

Reading Check

200 miles0

50degN

0deg 10degE 20degE

FRANCE

SWITZ AUSTRIA

UNITEDKINGDOM

WESTGERMANY

EASTGERMANY POLAND

HUNGARY

YUGOSLAVIA

ALBANIAGREECE

BULGARIA

ROMANIA

SOVIETUNIONLUX

BerlinWarsaw

Prague

ViennaBudapest

London

Divided Europe 1948

14769511

1948 1950

1947 1949

1945 1951

10386143

the United States

21985236

ECONOMICS

Reading Check

George Marshall

7141903

Evaluating What

Reading Check

History

Evaluating What

Reading Check

History

25747235

Reading Check

100 kilometers

100 miles0

40degN

130degE

38th Parallel

YellowSea

Sea ofJapan

Yalu RiverCHINA

SOVIET UNION

NORTHKOREA

SOUTHKOREA

Pyongyang

Inchon

100 kilometers

100 miles0

40degN

130degE

38th Parallel

YellowSea

Sea ofJapan

Yalu River

SOVIET UNION

SOUTHKOREA

NORTHKOREA

Pyongyang

Inchon

PanmunjomSeoul

1056899

10145829

Reading Check

and the US

HISTORY

22246486

1950 1953

99211876

GOVERNMENT

History

28223883

Reading Check

20381161

1910626

History

16284761

Reading Check

History

1735066

Reading Check

Act propose to do

RedScare

EffectsCauses

1569956

1955 1961

Francis Gary Powers

1952 1958

109921524

Uranium shield

Plutonium 239

1694311

Reading Check

24305136

500 kilometers0

500 miles0

20degE0deg

10degW

40degN

50degN

Atlantic

Black Sea

BalticSeaNorth

Adriatic Sea

Mediterranean Sea

FRANCE

BELGIUM

LUX WESTGERMANY

EASTGERMANY

POLAND

AUSTRIA

ALBANIA

YUGOSLAVIA

HUNGARYROMANIA

SOVIET UNION

BULGARIA

NORWAY

SWEDEN

FINLAND

DENMARK

CZECHOSLOVAKIA

TURKEY

ANDORRA

GREECE

Lisbon Madrid

Brussels Bonn

AmsterdamLondon

Dublin

Vienna

Berlin

Copenhagen

Tirana

Belgrade

Budapest

Prague

Warsaw

Moscow

Bucharest

Stockholm

Helsinki

Ankara

Capital

14247011

Reading Check

History

22998886

Reading Check

Communism

20705112

Critical Thinking

Making Decisions

1717301

1 Cold War

2 iron curtain

3 containment

4 limited war

5 subversion

6 perjury

7 censure

8 fallout

9 fallout shelter

11 brinkmanship

12 covert

complex

Causes ofCold War

General Goals

In Europe

In the Middle East

In Asia

At Home

The Cold War

and Greece

HISTORY

5 miles0

EASTGERMANY

Brandenburg Gate

Tempelhof

EastBerlin

WestBerlin

Airports

HISTORY

5 miles0

EASTGERMANY

Brandenburg Gate

Tempelhof

EastBerlin

WestBerlin

Airports

The American Vision

Table of Contents


Scavenger Hunt


















World Political

United States Facts


Introduction

Globes and Maps

Using Maps




























































































Section 4 Unions










Section 2 Populism
















































































































Appendix





Flag Etiquette

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index


Feature Contents



American Literature

What Ifhellip








Profiles in History

SkillBuilder

Social Studies

Critical Thinking

Study amp Writing

Technology

Why It Matters


Youre the Historian

TIME Notebook


Causes and Effects



Charts amp Graphs

Student Workbooks






































































Section 4 Unions








Section 2 Populism
































































































































































































Section 4 Unions








Section 2 Populism





























































































































































































































































Spanish Summaries





































Workbook Overview




































Help

Internet Link

Previous Document

Search - Document


Page Navigator

Exit

1411116

Reading Check

History

23479585

Reading Check

200 miles0

50degN

0deg 10degE 20degE

FRANCE

SWITZ AUSTRIA

UNITEDKINGDOM

WESTGERMANY

EASTGERMANY POLAND

HUNGARY

YUGOSLAVIA

ALBANIAGREECE

BULGARIA

ROMANIA

SOVIETUNIONLUX

BerlinWarsaw

Prague

ViennaBudapest

London

Divided Europe 1948

14769511

1948 1950

1947 1949

1945 1951

10386143

the United States

21985236

ECONOMICS

Reading Check

George Marshall

7141903

Evaluating What

Reading Check

History

Evaluating What

Reading Check

History

25747235

Reading Check

100 kilometers

100 miles0

40degN

130degE

38th Parallel

YellowSea

Sea ofJapan

Yalu RiverCHINA

SOVIET UNION

NORTHKOREA

SOUTHKOREA

Pyongyang

Inchon

100 kilometers

100 miles0

40degN

130degE

38th Parallel

YellowSea

Sea ofJapan

Yalu River

SOVIET UNION

SOUTHKOREA

NORTHKOREA

Pyongyang

Inchon

PanmunjomSeoul

1056899

10145829

Reading Check

and the US

HISTORY

22246486

1950 1953

99211876

GOVERNMENT

History

28223883

Reading Check

20381161

1910626

History

16284761

Reading Check

History

1735066

Reading Check

Act propose to do

RedScare

EffectsCauses

1569956

1955 1961

Francis Gary Powers

1952 1958

109921524

Uranium shield

Plutonium 239

1694311

Reading Check

24305136

500 kilometers0

500 miles0

20degE0deg

10degW

40degN

50degN

Atlantic

Black Sea

BalticSeaNorth

Adriatic Sea

Mediterranean Sea

FRANCE

BELGIUM

LUX WESTGERMANY

EASTGERMANY

POLAND

AUSTRIA

ALBANIA

YUGOSLAVIA

HUNGARYROMANIA

SOVIET UNION

BULGARIA

NORWAY

SWEDEN

FINLAND

DENMARK

CZECHOSLOVAKIA

TURKEY

ANDORRA

GREECE

Lisbon Madrid

Brussels Bonn

AmsterdamLondon

Dublin

Vienna

Berlin

Copenhagen

Tirana

Belgrade

Budapest

Prague

Warsaw

Moscow

Bucharest

Stockholm

Helsinki

Ankara

Capital

14247011

Reading Check

History

22998886

Reading Check

Communism

20705112

Critical Thinking

Making Decisions

1717301

1 Cold War

2 iron curtain

3 containment

4 limited war

5 subversion

6 perjury

7 censure

8 fallout

9 fallout shelter

11 brinkmanship

12 covert

complex

Causes ofCold War

General Goals

In Europe

In the Middle East

In Asia

At Home

The Cold War

and Greece

HISTORY

5 miles0

EASTGERMANY

Brandenburg Gate

Tempelhof

EastBerlin

WestBerlin

Airports

HISTORY

5 miles0

EASTGERMANY

Brandenburg Gate

Tempelhof

EastBerlin

WestBerlin

Airports

The American Vision

Table of Contents


Scavenger Hunt


















World Political

United States Facts


Introduction

Globes and Maps

Using Maps




























































































Section 4 Unions










Section 2 Populism
















































































































Appendix





Flag Etiquette

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index


Feature Contents



American Literature

What Ifhellip








Profiles in History

SkillBuilder

Social Studies

Critical Thinking

Study amp Writing

Technology

Why It Matters


Youre the Historian

TIME Notebook


Causes and Effects



Charts amp Graphs

Student Workbooks






































































Section 4 Unions








Section 2 Populism
































































































































































































Section 4 Unions








Section 2 Populism





























































































































































































































































Spanish Summaries





































Workbook Overview




































Help

Internet Link

Previous Document

Search - Document


Page Navigator

Exit

Reading Check

History

23479585

Reading Check

200 miles0

50degN

0deg 10degE 20degE

FRANCE

SWITZ AUSTRIA

UNITEDKINGDOM

WESTGERMANY

EASTGERMANY POLAND

HUNGARY

YUGOSLAVIA

ALBANIAGREECE

BULGARIA

ROMANIA

SOVIETUNIONLUX

BerlinWarsaw

Prague

ViennaBudapest

London

Divided Europe 1948

14769511

1948 1950

1947 1949

1945 1951

10386143

the United States

21985236

ECONOMICS

Reading Check

George Marshall

7141903

Evaluating What

Reading Check

History

Evaluating What

Reading Check

History

25747235

Reading Check

100 kilometers

100 miles0

40degN

130degE

38th Parallel

YellowSea

Sea ofJapan

Yalu RiverCHINA

SOVIET UNION

NORTHKOREA

SOUTHKOREA

Pyongyang

Inchon

100 kilometers

100 miles0

40degN

130degE

38th Parallel

YellowSea

Sea ofJapan

Yalu River

SOVIET UNION

SOUTHKOREA

NORTHKOREA

Pyongyang

Inchon

PanmunjomSeoul

1056899

10145829

Reading Check

and the US

HISTORY

22246486

1950 1953

99211876

GOVERNMENT

History

28223883

Reading Check

20381161

1910626

History

16284761

Reading Check

History

1735066

Reading Check

Act propose to do

RedScare

EffectsCauses

1569956

1955 1961

Francis Gary Powers

1952 1958

109921524

Uranium shield

Plutonium 239

1694311

Reading Check

24305136

500 kilometers0

500 miles0

20degE0deg

10degW

40degN

50degN

Atlantic

Black Sea

BalticSeaNorth

Adriatic Sea

Mediterranean Sea

FRANCE

BELGIUM

LUX WESTGERMANY

EASTGERMANY

POLAND

AUSTRIA

ALBANIA

YUGOSLAVIA

HUNGARYROMANIA

SOVIET UNION

BULGARIA

NORWAY

SWEDEN

FINLAND

DENMARK

CZECHOSLOVAKIA

TURKEY

ANDORRA

GREECE

Lisbon Madrid

Brussels Bonn

AmsterdamLondon

Dublin

Vienna

Berlin

Copenhagen

Tirana

Belgrade

Budapest

Prague

Warsaw

Moscow

Bucharest

Stockholm

Helsinki

Ankara

Capital

14247011

Reading Check

History

22998886

Reading Check

Communism

20705112

Critical Thinking

Making Decisions

1717301

1 Cold War

2 iron curtain

3 containment

4 limited war

5 subversion

6 perjury

7 censure

8 fallout

9 fallout shelter

11 brinkmanship

12 covert

complex

Causes ofCold War

General Goals

In Europe

In the Middle East

In Asia

At Home

The Cold War

and Greece

HISTORY

5 miles0

EASTGERMANY

Brandenburg Gate

Tempelhof

EastBerlin

WestBerlin

Airports

HISTORY

5 miles0

EASTGERMANY

Brandenburg Gate

Tempelhof

EastBerlin

WestBerlin

Airports

The American Vision

Table of Contents


Scavenger Hunt


















World Political

United States Facts


Introduction

Globes and Maps

Using Maps




























































































Section 4 Unions










Section 2 Populism
















































































































Appendix





Flag Etiquette

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index


Feature Contents



American Literature

What Ifhellip








Profiles in History

SkillBuilder

Social Studies

Critical Thinking

Study amp Writing

Technology

Why It Matters


Youre the Historian

TIME Notebook


Causes and Effects



Charts amp Graphs

Student Workbooks






































































Section 4 Unions








Section 2 Populism
































































































































































































Section 4 Unions








Section 2 Populism





























































































































































































































































Spanish Summaries





































Workbook Overview




































Help

Internet Link

Previous Document

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Reading Check

200 miles0

50degN

0deg 10degE 20degE

FRANCE

SWITZ AUSTRIA

UNITEDKINGDOM

WESTGERMANY

EASTGERMANY POLAND

HUNGARY

YUGOSLAVIA

ALBANIAGREECE

BULGARIA

ROMANIA

SOVIETUNIONLUX

BerlinWarsaw

Prague

ViennaBudapest

London

Divided Europe 1948

14769511

1948 1950

1947 1949

1945 1951

10386143

the United States

21985236

ECONOMICS

Reading Check

George Marshall

7141903

Evaluating What

Reading Check

History

Evaluating What

Reading Check

History

25747235

Reading Check

100 kilometers

100 miles0

40degN

130degE

38th Parallel

YellowSea

Sea ofJapan

Yalu RiverCHINA

SOVIET UNION

NORTHKOREA

SOUTHKOREA

Pyongyang

Inchon

100 kilometers

100 miles0

40degN

130degE

38th Parallel

YellowSea

Sea ofJapan

Yalu River

SOVIET UNION

SOUTHKOREA

NORTHKOREA

Pyongyang

Inchon

PanmunjomSeoul

1056899

10145829

Reading Check

and the US

HISTORY

22246486

1950 1953

99211876

GOVERNMENT

History

28223883

Reading Check

20381161

1910626

History

16284761

Reading Check

History

1735066

Reading Check

Act propose to do

RedScare

EffectsCauses

1569956

1955 1961

Francis Gary Powers

1952 1958

109921524

Uranium shield

Plutonium 239

1694311

Reading Check

24305136

500 kilometers0

500 miles0

20degE0deg

10degW

40degN

50degN

Atlantic

Black Sea

BalticSeaNorth

Adriatic Sea

Mediterranean Sea

FRANCE

BELGIUM

LUX WESTGERMANY

EASTGERMANY

POLAND

AUSTRIA

ALBANIA

YUGOSLAVIA

HUNGARYROMANIA

SOVIET UNION

BULGARIA

NORWAY

SWEDEN

FINLAND

DENMARK

CZECHOSLOVAKIA

TURKEY

ANDORRA

GREECE

Lisbon Madrid

Brussels Bonn

AmsterdamLondon

Dublin

Vienna

Berlin

Copenhagen

Tirana

Belgrade

Budapest

Prague

Warsaw

Moscow

Bucharest

Stockholm

Helsinki

Ankara

Capital

14247011

Reading Check

History

22998886

Reading Check

Communism

20705112

Critical Thinking

Making Decisions

1717301

1 Cold War

2 iron curtain

3 containment

4 limited war

5 subversion

6 perjury

7 censure

8 fallout

9 fallout shelter

11 brinkmanship

12 covert

complex

Causes ofCold War

General Goals

In Europe

In the Middle East

In Asia

At Home

The Cold War

and Greece

HISTORY

5 miles0

EASTGERMANY

Brandenburg Gate

Tempelhof

EastBerlin

WestBerlin

Airports

HISTORY

5 miles0

EASTGERMANY

Brandenburg Gate

Tempelhof

EastBerlin

WestBerlin

Airports

The American Vision

Table of Contents


Scavenger Hunt


















World Political

United States Facts


Introduction

Globes and Maps

Using Maps




























































































Section 4 Unions










Section 2 Populism
















































































































Appendix





Flag Etiquette

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index


Feature Contents



American Literature

What Ifhellip








Profiles in History

SkillBuilder

Social Studies

Critical Thinking

Study amp Writing

Technology

Why It Matters


Youre the Historian

TIME Notebook


Causes and Effects



Charts amp Graphs

Student Workbooks






































































Section 4 Unions








Section 2 Populism
































































































































































































Section 4 Unions








Section 2 Populism





























































































































































































































































Spanish Summaries





































Workbook Overview




































Help

Internet Link

Previous Document

Search - Document


Page Navigator

Exit

1948 1950

1947 1949

1945 1951

10386143

the United States

21985236

ECONOMICS

Reading Check

George Marshall

7141903

Evaluating What

Reading Check

History

Evaluating What

Reading Check

History

25747235

Reading Check

100 kilometers

100 miles0

40degN

130degE

38th Parallel

YellowSea

Sea ofJapan

Yalu RiverCHINA

SOVIET UNION

NORTHKOREA

SOUTHKOREA

Pyongyang

Inchon

100 kilometers

100 miles0

40degN

130degE

38th Parallel

YellowSea

Sea ofJapan

Yalu River

SOVIET UNION

SOUTHKOREA

NORTHKOREA

Pyongyang

Inchon

PanmunjomSeoul

1056899

10145829

Reading Check

and the US

HISTORY

22246486

1950 1953

99211876

GOVERNMENT

History

28223883

Reading Check

20381161

1910626

History

16284761

Reading Check

History

1735066

Reading Check

Act propose to do

RedScare

EffectsCauses

1569956

1955 1961

Francis Gary Powers

1952 1958

109921524

Uranium shield

Plutonium 239

1694311

Reading Check

24305136

500 kilometers0

500 miles0

20degE0deg

10degW

40degN

50degN

Atlantic

Black Sea

BalticSeaNorth

Adriatic Sea

Mediterranean Sea

FRANCE

BELGIUM

LUX WESTGERMANY

EASTGERMANY

POLAND

AUSTRIA

ALBANIA

YUGOSLAVIA

HUNGARYROMANIA

SOVIET UNION

BULGARIA

NORWAY

SWEDEN

FINLAND

DENMARK

CZECHOSLOVAKIA

TURKEY

ANDORRA

GREECE

Lisbon Madrid

Brussels Bonn

AmsterdamLondon

Dublin

Vienna

Berlin

Copenhagen

Tirana

Belgrade

Budapest

Prague

Warsaw

Moscow

Bucharest

Stockholm

Helsinki

Ankara

Capital

14247011

Reading Check

History

22998886

Reading Check

Communism

20705112

Critical Thinking

Making Decisions

1717301

1 Cold War

2 iron curtain

3 containment

4 limited war

5 subversion

6 perjury

7 censure

8 fallout

9 fallout shelter

11 brinkmanship

12 covert

complex

Causes ofCold War

General Goals

In Europe

In the Middle East

In Asia

At Home

The Cold War

and Greece

HISTORY

5 miles0

EASTGERMANY

Brandenburg Gate

Tempelhof

EastBerlin

WestBerlin

Airports

HISTORY

5 miles0

EASTGERMANY

Brandenburg Gate

Tempelhof

EastBerlin

WestBerlin

Airports

The American Vision

Table of Contents


Scavenger Hunt


















World Political

United States Facts


Introduction

Globes and Maps

Using Maps




























































































Section 4 Unions










Section 2 Populism
















































































































Appendix





Flag Etiquette

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index


Feature Contents



American Literature

What Ifhellip








Profiles in History

SkillBuilder

Social Studies

Critical Thinking

Study amp Writing

Technology

Why It Matters


Youre the Historian

TIME Notebook


Causes and Effects



Charts amp Graphs

Student Workbooks






































































Section 4 Unions








Section 2 Populism
































































































































































































Section 4 Unions








Section 2 Populism





























































































































































































































































Spanish Summaries





































Workbook Overview




































Help

Internet Link

Previous Document

Search - Document


Page Navigator

Exit

the United States

21985236

ECONOMICS

Reading Check

George Marshall

7141903

Evaluating What

Reading Check

History

Evaluating What

Reading Check

History

25747235

Reading Check

100 kilometers

100 miles0

40degN

130degE

38th Parallel

YellowSea

Sea ofJapan

Yalu RiverCHINA

SOVIET UNION

NORTHKOREA

SOUTHKOREA

Pyongyang

Inchon

100 kilometers

100 miles0

40degN

130degE

38th Parallel

YellowSea

Sea ofJapan

Yalu River

SOVIET UNION

SOUTHKOREA

NORTHKOREA

Pyongyang

Inchon

PanmunjomSeoul

1056899

10145829

Reading Check

and the US

HISTORY

22246486

1950 1953

99211876

GOVERNMENT

History

28223883

Reading Check

20381161

1910626

History

16284761

Reading Check

History

1735066

Reading Check

Act propose to do

RedScare

EffectsCauses

1569956

1955 1961

Francis Gary Powers

1952 1958

109921524

Uranium shield

Plutonium 239

1694311

Reading Check

24305136

500 kilometers0

500 miles0

20degE0deg

10degW

40degN

50degN

Atlantic

Black Sea

BalticSeaNorth

Adriatic Sea

Mediterranean Sea

FRANCE

BELGIUM

LUX WESTGERMANY

EASTGERMANY

POLAND

AUSTRIA

ALBANIA

YUGOSLAVIA

HUNGARYROMANIA

SOVIET UNION

BULGARIA

NORWAY

SWEDEN

FINLAND

DENMARK

CZECHOSLOVAKIA

TURKEY

ANDORRA

GREECE

Lisbon Madrid

Brussels Bonn

AmsterdamLondon

Dublin

Vienna

Berlin

Copenhagen

Tirana

Belgrade

Budapest

Prague

Warsaw

Moscow

Bucharest

Stockholm

Helsinki

Ankara

Capital

14247011

Reading Check

History

22998886

Reading Check

Communism

20705112

Critical Thinking

Making Decisions

1717301

1 Cold War

2 iron curtain

3 containment

4 limited war

5 subversion

6 perjury

7 censure

8 fallout

9 fallout shelter

11 brinkmanship

12 covert

complex

Causes ofCold War

General Goals

In Europe

In the Middle East

In Asia

At Home

The Cold War

and Greece

HISTORY

5 miles0

EASTGERMANY

Brandenburg Gate

Tempelhof

EastBerlin

WestBerlin

Airports

HISTORY

5 miles0

EASTGERMANY

Brandenburg Gate

Tempelhof

EastBerlin

WestBerlin

Airports

The American Vision

Table of Contents


Scavenger Hunt


















World Political

United States Facts


Introduction

Globes and Maps

Using Maps




























































































Section 4 Unions










Section 2 Populism
















































































































Appendix





Flag Etiquette

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index


Feature Contents



American Literature

What Ifhellip








Profiles in History

SkillBuilder

Social Studies

Critical Thinking

Study amp Writing

Technology

Why It Matters


Youre the Historian

TIME Notebook


Causes and Effects



Charts amp Graphs

Student Workbooks






































































Section 4 Unions








Section 2 Populism
































































































































































































Section 4 Unions








Section 2 Populism





























































































































































































































































Spanish Summaries





































Workbook Overview




































Help

Internet Link

Previous Document

Search - Document


Page Navigator

Exit

ECONOMICS

Reading Check

George Marshall

7141903

Evaluating What

Reading Check

History

Evaluating What

Reading Check

History

25747235

Reading Check

100 kilometers

100 miles0

40degN

130degE

38th Parallel

YellowSea

Sea ofJapan

Yalu RiverCHINA

SOVIET UNION

NORTHKOREA

SOUTHKOREA

Pyongyang

Inchon

100 kilometers

100 miles0

40degN

130degE

38th Parallel

YellowSea

Sea ofJapan

Yalu River

SOVIET UNION

SOUTHKOREA

NORTHKOREA

Pyongyang

Inchon

PanmunjomSeoul

1056899

10145829

Reading Check

and the US

HISTORY

22246486

1950 1953

99211876

GOVERNMENT

History

28223883

Reading Check

20381161

1910626

History

16284761

Reading Check

History

1735066

Reading Check

Act propose to do

RedScare

EffectsCauses

1569956

1955 1961

Francis Gary Powers

1952 1958

109921524

Uranium shield

Plutonium 239

1694311

Reading Check

24305136

500 kilometers0

500 miles0

20degE0deg

10degW

40degN

50degN

Atlantic

Black Sea

BalticSeaNorth

Adriatic Sea

Mediterranean Sea

FRANCE

BELGIUM

LUX WESTGERMANY

EASTGERMANY

POLAND

AUSTRIA

ALBANIA

YUGOSLAVIA

HUNGARYROMANIA

SOVIET UNION

BULGARIA

NORWAY

SWEDEN

FINLAND

DENMARK

CZECHOSLOVAKIA

TURKEY

ANDORRA

GREECE

Lisbon Madrid

Brussels Bonn

AmsterdamLondon

Dublin

Vienna

Berlin

Copenhagen

Tirana

Belgrade

Budapest

Prague

Warsaw

Moscow

Bucharest

Stockholm

Helsinki

Ankara

Capital

14247011

Reading Check

History

22998886

Reading Check

Communism

20705112

Critical Thinking

Making Decisions

1717301

1 Cold War

2 iron curtain

3 containment

4 limited war

5 subversion

6 perjury

7 censure

8 fallout

9 fallout shelter

11 brinkmanship

12 covert

complex

Causes ofCold War

General Goals

In Europe

In the Middle East

In Asia

At Home

The Cold War

and Greece

HISTORY

5 miles0

EASTGERMANY

Brandenburg Gate

Tempelhof

EastBerlin

WestBerlin

Airports

HISTORY

5 miles0

EASTGERMANY

Brandenburg Gate

Tempelhof

EastBerlin

WestBerlin

Airports

The American Vision

Table of Contents


Scavenger Hunt


















World Political

United States Facts


Introduction

Globes and Maps

Using Maps




























































































Section 4 Unions










Section 2 Populism
















































































































Appendix





Flag Etiquette

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index


Feature Contents



American Literature

What Ifhellip








Profiles in History

SkillBuilder

Social Studies

Critical Thinking

Study amp Writing

Technology

Why It Matters


Youre the Historian

TIME Notebook


Causes and Effects



Charts amp Graphs

Student Workbooks






































































Section 4 Unions








Section 2 Populism
































































































































































































Section 4 Unions








Section 2 Populism





























































































































































































































































Spanish Summaries





































Workbook Overview




































Help

Internet Link

Previous Document

Search - Document


Page Navigator

Exit

Evaluating What

Reading Check

History

Evaluating What

Reading Check

History

25747235

Reading Check

100 kilometers

100 miles0

40degN

130degE

38th Parallel

YellowSea

Sea ofJapan

Yalu RiverCHINA

SOVIET UNION

NORTHKOREA

SOUTHKOREA

Pyongyang

Inchon

100 kilometers

100 miles0

40degN

130degE

38th Parallel

YellowSea

Sea ofJapan

Yalu River

SOVIET UNION

SOUTHKOREA

NORTHKOREA

Pyongyang

Inchon

PanmunjomSeoul

1056899

10145829

Reading Check

and the US

HISTORY

22246486

1950 1953

99211876

GOVERNMENT

History

28223883

Reading Check

20381161

1910626

History

16284761

Reading Check

History

1735066

Reading Check

Act propose to do

RedScare

EffectsCauses

1569956

1955 1961

Francis Gary Powers

1952 1958

109921524

Uranium shield

Plutonium 239

1694311

Reading Check

24305136

500 kilometers0

500 miles0

20degE0deg

10degW

40degN

50degN

Atlantic

Black Sea

BalticSeaNorth

Adriatic Sea

Mediterranean Sea

FRANCE

BELGIUM

LUX WESTGERMANY

EASTGERMANY

POLAND

AUSTRIA

ALBANIA

YUGOSLAVIA

HUNGARYROMANIA

SOVIET UNION

BULGARIA

NORWAY

SWEDEN

FINLAND

DENMARK

CZECHOSLOVAKIA

TURKEY

ANDORRA

GREECE

Lisbon Madrid

Brussels Bonn

AmsterdamLondon

Dublin

Vienna

Berlin

Copenhagen

Tirana

Belgrade

Budapest

Prague

Warsaw

Moscow

Bucharest

Stockholm

Helsinki

Ankara

Capital

14247011

Reading Check

History

22998886

Reading Check

Communism

20705112

Critical Thinking

Making Decisions

1717301

1 Cold War

2 iron curtain

3 containment

4 limited war

5 subversion

6 perjury

7 censure

8 fallout

9 fallout shelter

11 brinkmanship

12 covert

complex

Causes ofCold War

General Goals

In Europe

In the Middle East

In Asia

At Home

The Cold War

and Greece

HISTORY

5 miles0

EASTGERMANY

Brandenburg Gate

Tempelhof

EastBerlin

WestBerlin

Airports

HISTORY

5 miles0

EASTGERMANY

Brandenburg Gate

Tempelhof

EastBerlin

WestBerlin

Airports

The American Vision

Table of Contents


Scavenger Hunt


















World Political

United States Facts


Introduction

Globes and Maps

Using Maps




























































































Section 4 Unions










Section 2 Populism
















































































































Appendix





Flag Etiquette

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index


Feature Contents



American Literature

What Ifhellip








Profiles in History

SkillBuilder

Social Studies

Critical Thinking

Study amp Writing

Technology

Why It Matters


Youre the Historian

TIME Notebook


Causes and Effects



Charts amp Graphs

Student Workbooks






































































Section 4 Unions








Section 2 Populism
































































































































































































Section 4 Unions








Section 2 Populism





























































































































































































































































Spanish Summaries





































Workbook Overview




































Help

Internet Link

Previous Document

Search - Document


Page Navigator

Exit

Reading Check

100 kilometers

100 miles0

40degN

130degE

38th Parallel

YellowSea

Sea ofJapan

Yalu RiverCHINA

SOVIET UNION

NORTHKOREA

SOUTHKOREA

Pyongyang

Inchon

100 kilometers

100 miles0

40degN

130degE

38th Parallel

YellowSea

Sea ofJapan

Yalu River

SOVIET UNION

SOUTHKOREA

NORTHKOREA

Pyongyang

Inchon

PanmunjomSeoul

1056899

10145829

Reading Check

and the US

HISTORY

22246486

1950 1953

99211876

GOVERNMENT

History

28223883

Reading Check

20381161

1910626

History

16284761

Reading Check

History

1735066

Reading Check

Act propose to do

RedScare

EffectsCauses

1569956

1955 1961

Francis Gary Powers

1952 1958

109921524

Uranium shield

Plutonium 239

1694311

Reading Check

24305136

500 kilometers0

500 miles0

20degE0deg

10degW

40degN

50degN

Atlantic

Black Sea

BalticSeaNorth

Adriatic Sea

Mediterranean Sea

FRANCE

BELGIUM

LUX WESTGERMANY

EASTGERMANY

POLAND

AUSTRIA

ALBANIA

YUGOSLAVIA

HUNGARYROMANIA

SOVIET UNION

BULGARIA

NORWAY

SWEDEN

FINLAND

DENMARK

CZECHOSLOVAKIA

TURKEY

ANDORRA

GREECE

Lisbon Madrid

Brussels Bonn

AmsterdamLondon

Dublin

Vienna

Berlin

Copenhagen

Tirana

Belgrade

Budapest

Prague

Warsaw

Moscow

Bucharest

Stockholm

Helsinki

Ankara

Capital

14247011

Reading Check

History

22998886

Reading Check

Communism

20705112

Critical Thinking

Making Decisions

1717301

1 Cold War

2 iron curtain

3 containment

4 limited war

5 subversion

6 perjury

7 censure

8 fallout

9 fallout shelter

11 brinkmanship

12 covert

complex

Causes ofCold War

General Goals

In Europe

In the Middle East

In Asia

At Home

The Cold War

and Greece

HISTORY

5 miles0

EASTGERMANY

Brandenburg Gate

Tempelhof

EastBerlin

WestBerlin

Airports

HISTORY

5 miles0

EASTGERMANY

Brandenburg Gate

Tempelhof

EastBerlin

WestBerlin

Airports

The American Vision

Table of Contents


Scavenger Hunt


















World Political

United States Facts


Introduction

Globes and Maps

Using Maps




























































































Section 4 Unions










Section 2 Populism
















































































































Appendix





Flag Etiquette

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index


Feature Contents



American Literature

What Ifhellip








Profiles in History

SkillBuilder

Social Studies

Critical Thinking

Study amp Writing

Technology

Why It Matters


Youre the Historian

TIME Notebook


Causes and Effects



Charts amp Graphs

Student Workbooks






































































Section 4 Unions








Section 2 Populism
































































































































































































Section 4 Unions








Section 2 Populism





























































































































































































































































Spanish Summaries





































Workbook Overview




































Help

Internet Link

Previous Document

Search - Document


Page Navigator

Exit

10145829

Reading Check

and the US

HISTORY

22246486

1950 1953

99211876

GOVERNMENT

History

28223883

Reading Check

20381161

1910626

History

16284761

Reading Check

History

1735066

Reading Check

Act propose to do

RedScare

EffectsCauses

1569956

1955 1961

Francis Gary Powers

1952 1958

109921524

Uranium shield

Plutonium 239

1694311

Reading Check

24305136

500 kilometers0

500 miles0

20degE0deg

10degW

40degN

50degN

Atlantic

Black Sea

BalticSeaNorth

Adriatic Sea

Mediterranean Sea

FRANCE

BELGIUM

LUX WESTGERMANY

EASTGERMANY

POLAND

AUSTRIA

ALBANIA

YUGOSLAVIA

HUNGARYROMANIA

SOVIET UNION

BULGARIA

NORWAY

SWEDEN

FINLAND

DENMARK

CZECHOSLOVAKIA

TURKEY

ANDORRA

GREECE

Lisbon Madrid

Brussels Bonn

AmsterdamLondon

Dublin

Vienna

Berlin

Copenhagen

Tirana

Belgrade

Budapest

Prague

Warsaw

Moscow

Bucharest

Stockholm

Helsinki

Ankara

Capital

14247011

Reading Check

History

22998886

Reading Check

Communism

20705112

Critical Thinking

Making Decisions

1717301

1 Cold War

2 iron curtain

3 containment

4 limited war

5 subversion

6 perjury

7 censure

8 fallout

9 fallout shelter

11 brinkmanship

12 covert

complex

Causes ofCold War

General Goals

In Europe

In the Middle East

In Asia

At Home

The Cold War

and Greece

HISTORY

5 miles0

EASTGERMANY

Brandenburg Gate

Tempelhof

EastBerlin

WestBerlin

Airports

HISTORY

5 miles0

EASTGERMANY

Brandenburg Gate

Tempelhof

EastBerlin

WestBerlin

Airports

The American Vision

Table of Contents


Scavenger Hunt


















World Political

United States Facts


Introduction

Globes and Maps

Using Maps




























































































Section 4 Unions










Section 2 Populism
















































































































Appendix





Flag Etiquette

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index


Feature Contents



American Literature

What Ifhellip








Profiles in History

SkillBuilder

Social Studies

Critical Thinking

Study amp Writing

Technology

Why It Matters


Youre the Historian

TIME Notebook


Causes and Effects



Charts amp Graphs

Student Workbooks






































































Section 4 Unions








Section 2 Populism
































































































































































































Section 4 Unions








Section 2 Populism





























































































































































































































































Spanish Summaries





































Workbook Overview




































Help

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Reading Check

and the US

HISTORY

22246486

1950 1953

99211876

GOVERNMENT

History

28223883

Reading Check

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1910626

History

16284761

Reading Check

History

1735066

Reading Check

Act propose to do

RedScare

EffectsCauses

1569956

1955 1961

Francis Gary Powers

1952 1958

109921524

Uranium shield

Plutonium 239

1694311

Reading Check

24305136

500 kilometers0

500 miles0

20degE0deg

10degW

40degN

50degN

Atlantic

Black Sea

BalticSeaNorth

Adriatic Sea

Mediterranean Sea

FRANCE

BELGIUM

LUX WESTGERMANY

EASTGERMANY

POLAND

AUSTRIA

ALBANIA

YUGOSLAVIA

HUNGARYROMANIA

SOVIET UNION

BULGARIA

NORWAY

SWEDEN

FINLAND

DENMARK

CZECHOSLOVAKIA

TURKEY

ANDORRA

GREECE

Lisbon Madrid

Brussels Bonn

AmsterdamLondon

Dublin

Vienna

Berlin

Copenhagen

Tirana

Belgrade

Budapest

Prague

Warsaw

Moscow

Bucharest

Stockholm

Helsinki

Ankara

Capital

14247011

Reading Check

History

22998886

Reading Check

Communism

20705112

Critical Thinking

Making Decisions

1717301

1 Cold War

2 iron curtain

3 containment

4 limited war

5 subversion

6 perjury

7 censure

8 fallout

9 fallout shelter

11 brinkmanship

12 covert

complex

Causes ofCold War

General Goals

In Europe

In the Middle East

In Asia

At Home

The Cold War

and Greece

HISTORY

5 miles0

EASTGERMANY

Brandenburg Gate

Tempelhof

EastBerlin

WestBerlin

Airports

HISTORY

5 miles0

EASTGERMANY

Brandenburg Gate

Tempelhof

EastBerlin

WestBerlin

Airports

The American Vision

Table of Contents


Scavenger Hunt


















World Political

United States Facts


Introduction

Globes and Maps

Using Maps




























































































Section 4 Unions










Section 2 Populism
















































































































Appendix





Flag Etiquette

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index


Feature Contents



American Literature

What Ifhellip








Profiles in History

SkillBuilder

Social Studies

Critical Thinking

Study amp Writing

Technology

Why It Matters


Youre the Historian

TIME Notebook


Causes and Effects



Charts amp Graphs

Student Workbooks






































































Section 4 Unions








Section 2 Populism
































































































































































































Section 4 Unions








Section 2 Populism





























































































































































































































































Spanish Summaries





































Workbook Overview




































Help

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1950 1953

99211876

GOVERNMENT

History

28223883

Reading Check

20381161

1910626

History

16284761

Reading Check

History

1735066

Reading Check

Act propose to do

RedScare

EffectsCauses

1569956

1955 1961

Francis Gary Powers

1952 1958

109921524

Uranium shield

Plutonium 239

1694311

Reading Check

24305136

500 kilometers0

500 miles0

20degE0deg

10degW

40degN

50degN

Atlantic

Black Sea

BalticSeaNorth

Adriatic Sea

Mediterranean Sea

FRANCE

BELGIUM

LUX WESTGERMANY

EASTGERMANY

POLAND

AUSTRIA

ALBANIA

YUGOSLAVIA

HUNGARYROMANIA

SOVIET UNION

BULGARIA

NORWAY

SWEDEN

FINLAND

DENMARK

CZECHOSLOVAKIA

TURKEY

ANDORRA

GREECE

Lisbon Madrid

Brussels Bonn

AmsterdamLondon

Dublin

Vienna

Berlin

Copenhagen

Tirana

Belgrade

Budapest

Prague

Warsaw

Moscow

Bucharest

Stockholm

Helsinki

Ankara

Capital

14247011

Reading Check

History

22998886

Reading Check

Communism

20705112

Critical Thinking

Making Decisions

1717301

1 Cold War

2 iron curtain

3 containment

4 limited war

5 subversion

6 perjury

7 censure

8 fallout

9 fallout shelter

11 brinkmanship

12 covert

complex

Causes ofCold War

General Goals

In Europe

In the Middle East

In Asia

At Home

The Cold War

and Greece

HISTORY

5 miles0

EASTGERMANY

Brandenburg Gate

Tempelhof

EastBerlin

WestBerlin

Airports

HISTORY

5 miles0

EASTGERMANY

Brandenburg Gate

Tempelhof

EastBerlin

WestBerlin

Airports

The American Vision

Table of Contents


Scavenger Hunt


















World Political

United States Facts


Introduction

Globes and Maps

Using Maps




























































































Section 4 Unions










Section 2 Populism
















































































































Appendix





Flag Etiquette

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index


Feature Contents



American Literature

What Ifhellip








Profiles in History

SkillBuilder

Social Studies

Critical Thinking

Study amp Writing

Technology

Why It Matters


Youre the Historian

TIME Notebook


Causes and Effects



Charts amp Graphs

Student Workbooks






































































Section 4 Unions








Section 2 Populism
































































































































































































Section 4 Unions








Section 2 Populism





























































































































































































































































Spanish Summaries





































Workbook Overview




































Help

Internet Link

Previous Document

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GOVERNMENT

History

28223883

Reading Check

20381161

1910626

History

16284761

Reading Check

History

1735066

Reading Check

Act propose to do

RedScare

EffectsCauses

1569956

1955 1961

Francis Gary Powers

1952 1958

109921524

Uranium shield

Plutonium 239

1694311

Reading Check

24305136

500 kilometers0

500 miles0

20degE0deg

10degW

40degN

50degN

Atlantic

Black Sea

BalticSeaNorth

Adriatic Sea

Mediterranean Sea

FRANCE

BELGIUM

LUX WESTGERMANY

EASTGERMANY

POLAND

AUSTRIA

ALBANIA

YUGOSLAVIA

HUNGARYROMANIA

SOVIET UNION

BULGARIA

NORWAY

SWEDEN

FINLAND

DENMARK

CZECHOSLOVAKIA

TURKEY

ANDORRA

GREECE

Lisbon Madrid

Brussels Bonn

AmsterdamLondon

Dublin

Vienna

Berlin

Copenhagen

Tirana

Belgrade

Budapest

Prague

Warsaw

Moscow

Bucharest

Stockholm

Helsinki

Ankara

Capital

14247011

Reading Check

History

22998886

Reading Check

Communism

20705112

Critical Thinking

Making Decisions

1717301

1 Cold War

2 iron curtain

3 containment

4 limited war

5 subversion

6 perjury

7 censure

8 fallout

9 fallout shelter

11 brinkmanship

12 covert

complex

Causes ofCold War

General Goals

In Europe

In the Middle East

In Asia

At Home

The Cold War

and Greece

HISTORY

5 miles0

EASTGERMANY

Brandenburg Gate

Tempelhof

EastBerlin

WestBerlin

Airports

HISTORY

5 miles0

EASTGERMANY

Brandenburg Gate

Tempelhof

EastBerlin

WestBerlin

Airports

The American Vision

Table of Contents


Scavenger Hunt


















World Political

United States Facts


Introduction

Globes and Maps

Using Maps




























































































Section 4 Unions










Section 2 Populism
















































































































Appendix





Flag Etiquette

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index


Feature Contents



American Literature

What Ifhellip








Profiles in History

SkillBuilder

Social Studies

Critical Thinking

Study amp Writing

Technology

Why It Matters


Youre the Historian

TIME Notebook


Causes and Effects



Charts amp Graphs

Student Workbooks






































































Section 4 Unions








Section 2 Populism
































































































































































































Section 4 Unions








Section 2 Populism





























































































































































































































































Spanish Summaries





































Workbook Overview




































Help

Internet Link

Previous Document

Search - Document


Page Navigator

Exit

Reading Check

20381161

1910626

History

16284761

Reading Check

History

1735066

Reading Check

Act propose to do

RedScare

EffectsCauses

1569956

1955 1961

Francis Gary Powers

1952 1958

109921524

Uranium shield

Plutonium 239

1694311

Reading Check

24305136

500 kilometers0

500 miles0

20degE0deg

10degW

40degN

50degN

Atlantic

Black Sea

BalticSeaNorth

Adriatic Sea

Mediterranean Sea

FRANCE

BELGIUM

LUX WESTGERMANY

EASTGERMANY

POLAND

AUSTRIA

ALBANIA

YUGOSLAVIA

HUNGARYROMANIA

SOVIET UNION

BULGARIA

NORWAY

SWEDEN

FINLAND

DENMARK

CZECHOSLOVAKIA

TURKEY

ANDORRA

GREECE

Lisbon Madrid

Brussels Bonn

AmsterdamLondon

Dublin

Vienna

Berlin

Copenhagen

Tirana

Belgrade

Budapest

Prague

Warsaw

Moscow

Bucharest

Stockholm

Helsinki

Ankara

Capital

14247011

Reading Check

History

22998886

Reading Check

Communism

20705112

Critical Thinking

Making Decisions

1717301

1 Cold War

2 iron curtain

3 containment

4 limited war

5 subversion

6 perjury

7 censure

8 fallout

9 fallout shelter

11 brinkmanship

12 covert

complex

Causes ofCold War

General Goals

In Europe

In the Middle East

In Asia

At Home

The Cold War

and Greece

HISTORY

5 miles0

EASTGERMANY

Brandenburg Gate

Tempelhof

EastBerlin

WestBerlin

Airports

HISTORY

5 miles0

EASTGERMANY

Brandenburg Gate

Tempelhof

EastBerlin

WestBerlin

Airports

The American Vision

Table of Contents


Scavenger Hunt


















World Political

United States Facts


Introduction

Globes and Maps

Using Maps




























































































Section 4 Unions










Section 2 Populism
















































































































Appendix





Flag Etiquette

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index


Feature Contents



American Literature

What Ifhellip








Profiles in History

SkillBuilder

Social Studies

Critical Thinking

Study amp Writing

Technology

Why It Matters


Youre the Historian

TIME Notebook


Causes and Effects



Charts amp Graphs

Student Workbooks






































































Section 4 Unions








Section 2 Populism
































































































































































































Section 4 Unions








Section 2 Populism





























































































































































































































































Spanish Summaries





































Workbook Overview




































Help

Internet Link

Previous Document

Search - Document


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1910626

History

16284761

Reading Check

History

1735066

Reading Check

Act propose to do

RedScare

EffectsCauses

1569956

1955 1961

Francis Gary Powers

1952 1958

109921524

Uranium shield

Plutonium 239

1694311

Reading Check

24305136

500 kilometers0

500 miles0

20degE0deg

10degW

40degN

50degN

Atlantic

Black Sea

BalticSeaNorth

Adriatic Sea

Mediterranean Sea

FRANCE

BELGIUM

LUX WESTGERMANY

EASTGERMANY

POLAND

AUSTRIA

ALBANIA

YUGOSLAVIA

HUNGARYROMANIA

SOVIET UNION

BULGARIA

NORWAY

SWEDEN

FINLAND

DENMARK

CZECHOSLOVAKIA

TURKEY

ANDORRA

GREECE

Lisbon Madrid

Brussels Bonn

AmsterdamLondon

Dublin

Vienna

Berlin

Copenhagen

Tirana

Belgrade

Budapest

Prague

Warsaw

Moscow

Bucharest

Stockholm

Helsinki

Ankara

Capital

14247011

Reading Check

History

22998886

Reading Check

Communism

20705112

Critical Thinking

Making Decisions

1717301

1 Cold War

2 iron curtain

3 containment

4 limited war

5 subversion

6 perjury

7 censure

8 fallout

9 fallout shelter

11 brinkmanship

12 covert

complex

Causes ofCold War

General Goals

In Europe

In the Middle East

In Asia

At Home

The Cold War

and Greece

HISTORY

5 miles0

EASTGERMANY

Brandenburg Gate

Tempelhof

EastBerlin

WestBerlin

Airports

HISTORY

5 miles0

EASTGERMANY

Brandenburg Gate

Tempelhof

EastBerlin

WestBerlin

Airports

The American Vision

Table of Contents


Scavenger Hunt


















World Political

United States Facts


Introduction

Globes and Maps

Using Maps




























































































Section 4 Unions










Section 2 Populism
















































































































Appendix





Flag Etiquette

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index


Feature Contents



American Literature

What Ifhellip








Profiles in History

SkillBuilder

Social Studies

Critical Thinking

Study amp Writing

Technology

Why It Matters


Youre the Historian

TIME Notebook


Causes and Effects



Charts amp Graphs

Student Workbooks






































































Section 4 Unions








Section 2 Populism
































































































































































































Section 4 Unions








Section 2 Populism





























































































































































































































































Spanish Summaries





































Workbook Overview




































Help

Internet Link

Previous Document

Search - Document


Page Navigator

Exit

History

16284761

Reading Check

History

1735066

Reading Check

Act propose to do

RedScare

EffectsCauses

1569956

1955 1961

Francis Gary Powers

1952 1958

109921524

Uranium shield

Plutonium 239

1694311

Reading Check

24305136

500 kilometers0

500 miles0

20degE0deg

10degW

40degN

50degN

Atlantic

Black Sea

BalticSeaNorth

Adriatic Sea

Mediterranean Sea

FRANCE

BELGIUM

LUX WESTGERMANY

EASTGERMANY

POLAND

AUSTRIA

ALBANIA

YUGOSLAVIA

HUNGARYROMANIA

SOVIET UNION

BULGARIA

NORWAY

SWEDEN

FINLAND

DENMARK

CZECHOSLOVAKIA

TURKEY

ANDORRA

GREECE

Lisbon Madrid

Brussels Bonn

AmsterdamLondon

Dublin

Vienna

Berlin

Copenhagen

Tirana

Belgrade

Budapest

Prague

Warsaw

Moscow

Bucharest

Stockholm

Helsinki

Ankara

Capital

14247011

Reading Check

History

22998886

Reading Check

Communism

20705112

Critical Thinking

Making Decisions

1717301

1 Cold War

2 iron curtain

3 containment

4 limited war

5 subversion

6 perjury

7 censure

8 fallout

9 fallout shelter

11 brinkmanship

12 covert

complex

Causes ofCold War

General Goals

In Europe

In the Middle East

In Asia

At Home

The Cold War

and Greece

HISTORY

5 miles0

EASTGERMANY

Brandenburg Gate

Tempelhof

EastBerlin

WestBerlin

Airports

HISTORY

5 miles0

EASTGERMANY

Brandenburg Gate

Tempelhof

EastBerlin

WestBerlin

Airports

The American Vision

Table of Contents


Scavenger Hunt


















World Political

United States Facts


Introduction

Globes and Maps

Using Maps




























































































Section 4 Unions










Section 2 Populism
















































































































Appendix





Flag Etiquette

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index


Feature Contents



American Literature

What Ifhellip








Profiles in History

SkillBuilder

Social Studies

Critical Thinking

Study amp Writing

Technology

Why It Matters


Youre the Historian

TIME Notebook


Causes and Effects



Charts amp Graphs

Student Workbooks






































































Section 4 Unions








Section 2 Populism
































































































































































































Section 4 Unions








Section 2 Populism





























































































































































































































































Spanish Summaries





































Workbook Overview




































Help

Internet Link

Previous Document

Search - Document


Page Navigator

Exit

Reading Check

History

1735066

Reading Check

Act propose to do

RedScare

EffectsCauses

1569956

1955 1961

Francis Gary Powers

1952 1958

109921524

Uranium shield

Plutonium 239

1694311

Reading Check

24305136

500 kilometers0

500 miles0

20degE0deg

10degW

40degN

50degN

Atlantic

Black Sea

BalticSeaNorth

Adriatic Sea

Mediterranean Sea

FRANCE

BELGIUM

LUX WESTGERMANY

EASTGERMANY

POLAND

AUSTRIA

ALBANIA

YUGOSLAVIA

HUNGARYROMANIA

SOVIET UNION

BULGARIA

NORWAY

SWEDEN

FINLAND

DENMARK

CZECHOSLOVAKIA

TURKEY

ANDORRA

GREECE

Lisbon Madrid

Brussels Bonn

AmsterdamLondon

Dublin

Vienna

Berlin

Copenhagen

Tirana

Belgrade

Budapest

Prague

Warsaw

Moscow

Bucharest

Stockholm

Helsinki

Ankara

Capital

14247011

Reading Check

History

22998886

Reading Check

Communism

20705112

Critical Thinking

Making Decisions

1717301

1 Cold War

2 iron curtain

3 containment

4 limited war

5 subversion

6 perjury

7 censure

8 fallout

9 fallout shelter

11 brinkmanship

12 covert

complex

Causes ofCold War

General Goals

In Europe

In the Middle East

In Asia

At Home

The Cold War

and Greece

HISTORY

5 miles0

EASTGERMANY

Brandenburg Gate

Tempelhof

EastBerlin

WestBerlin

Airports

HISTORY

5 miles0

EASTGERMANY

Brandenburg Gate

Tempelhof

EastBerlin

WestBerlin

Airports

The American Vision

Table of Contents


Scavenger Hunt


















World Political

United States Facts


Introduction

Globes and Maps

Using Maps




























































































Section 4 Unions










Section 2 Populism
















































































































Appendix





Flag Etiquette

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index


Feature Contents



American Literature

What Ifhellip








Profiles in History

SkillBuilder

Social Studies

Critical Thinking

Study amp Writing

Technology

Why It Matters


Youre the Historian

TIME Notebook


Causes and Effects



Charts amp Graphs

Student Workbooks






































































Section 4 Unions








Section 2 Populism
































































































































































































Section 4 Unions








Section 2 Populism





























































































































































































































































Spanish Summaries





































Workbook Overview




































Help

Internet Link

Previous Document

Search - Document


Page Navigator

Exit

Reading Check

Act propose to do

RedScare

EffectsCauses

1569956

1955 1961

Francis Gary Powers

1952 1958

109921524

Uranium shield

Plutonium 239

1694311

Reading Check

24305136

500 kilometers0

500 miles0

20degE0deg

10degW

40degN

50degN

Atlantic

Black Sea

BalticSeaNorth

Adriatic Sea

Mediterranean Sea

FRANCE

BELGIUM

LUX WESTGERMANY

EASTGERMANY

POLAND

AUSTRIA

ALBANIA

YUGOSLAVIA

HUNGARYROMANIA

SOVIET UNION

BULGARIA

NORWAY

SWEDEN

FINLAND

DENMARK

CZECHOSLOVAKIA

TURKEY

ANDORRA

GREECE

Lisbon Madrid

Brussels Bonn

AmsterdamLondon

Dublin

Vienna

Berlin

Copenhagen

Tirana

Belgrade

Budapest

Prague

Warsaw

Moscow

Bucharest

Stockholm

Helsinki

Ankara

Capital

14247011

Reading Check

History

22998886

Reading Check

Communism

20705112

Critical Thinking

Making Decisions

1717301

1 Cold War

2 iron curtain

3 containment

4 limited war

5 subversion

6 perjury

7 censure

8 fallout

9 fallout shelter

11 brinkmanship

12 covert

complex

Causes ofCold War

General Goals

In Europe

In the Middle East

In Asia

At Home

The Cold War

and Greece

HISTORY

5 miles0

EASTGERMANY

Brandenburg Gate

Tempelhof

EastBerlin

WestBerlin

Airports

HISTORY

5 miles0

EASTGERMANY

Brandenburg Gate

Tempelhof

EastBerlin

WestBerlin

Airports

The American Vision

Table of Contents


Scavenger Hunt


















World Political

United States Facts


Introduction

Globes and Maps

Using Maps




























































































Section 4 Unions










Section 2 Populism
















































































































Appendix





Flag Etiquette

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index


Feature Contents



American Literature

What Ifhellip








Profiles in History

SkillBuilder

Social Studies

Critical Thinking

Study amp Writing

Technology

Why It Matters


Youre the Historian

TIME Notebook


Causes and Effects



Charts amp Graphs

Student Workbooks






































































Section 4 Unions








Section 2 Populism
































































































































































































Section 4 Unions








Section 2 Populism





























































































































































































































































Spanish Summaries





































Workbook Overview




































Help

Internet Link

Previous Document

Search - Document


Page Navigator

Exit

1955 1961

Francis Gary Powers

1952 1958

109921524

Uranium shield

Plutonium 239

1694311

Reading Check

24305136

500 kilometers0

500 miles0

20degE0deg

10degW

40degN

50degN

Atlantic

Black Sea

BalticSeaNorth

Adriatic Sea

Mediterranean Sea

FRANCE

BELGIUM

LUX WESTGERMANY

EASTGERMANY

POLAND

AUSTRIA

ALBANIA

YUGOSLAVIA

HUNGARYROMANIA

SOVIET UNION

BULGARIA

NORWAY

SWEDEN

FINLAND

DENMARK

CZECHOSLOVAKIA

TURKEY

ANDORRA

GREECE

Lisbon Madrid

Brussels Bonn

AmsterdamLondon

Dublin

Vienna

Berlin

Copenhagen

Tirana

Belgrade

Budapest

Prague

Warsaw

Moscow

Bucharest

Stockholm

Helsinki

Ankara

Capital

14247011

Reading Check

History

22998886

Reading Check

Communism

20705112

Critical Thinking

Making Decisions

1717301

1 Cold War

2 iron curtain

3 containment

4 limited war

5 subversion

6 perjury

7 censure

8 fallout

9 fallout shelter

11 brinkmanship

12 covert

complex

Causes ofCold War

General Goals

In Europe

In the Middle East

In Asia

At Home

The Cold War

and Greece

HISTORY

5 miles0

EASTGERMANY

Brandenburg Gate

Tempelhof

EastBerlin

WestBerlin

Airports

HISTORY

5 miles0

EASTGERMANY

Brandenburg Gate

Tempelhof

EastBerlin

WestBerlin

Airports

The American Vision

Table of Contents


Scavenger Hunt


















World Political

United States Facts


Introduction

Globes and Maps

Using Maps




























































































Section 4 Unions










Section 2 Populism
















































































































Appendix





Flag Etiquette

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index


Feature Contents



American Literature

What Ifhellip








Profiles in History

SkillBuilder

Social Studies

Critical Thinking

Study amp Writing

Technology

Why It Matters


Youre the Historian

TIME Notebook


Causes and Effects



Charts amp Graphs

Student Workbooks






































































Section 4 Unions








Section 2 Populism
































































































































































































Section 4 Unions








Section 2 Populism





























































































































































































































































Spanish Summaries





































Workbook Overview




































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History

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Reading Check

Communism

20705112

Critical Thinking

Making Decisions

1717301

1 Cold War

2 iron curtain

3 containment

4 limited war

5 subversion

6 perjury

7 censure

8 fallout

9 fallout shelter

11 brinkmanship

12 covert

complex

Causes ofCold War

General Goals

In Europe

In the Middle East

In Asia

At Home

The Cold War

and Greece

HISTORY

5 miles0

EASTGERMANY

Brandenburg Gate

Tempelhof

EastBerlin

WestBerlin

Airports

HISTORY

5 miles0

EASTGERMANY

Brandenburg Gate

Tempelhof

EastBerlin

WestBerlin

Airports

The American Vision

Table of Contents


Scavenger Hunt


















World Political

United States Facts


Introduction

Globes and Maps

Using Maps




























































































Section 4 Unions










Section 2 Populism
















































































































Appendix





Flag Etiquette

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index


Feature Contents



American Literature

What Ifhellip








Profiles in History

SkillBuilder

Social Studies

Critical Thinking

Study amp Writing

Technology

Why It Matters


Youre the Historian

TIME Notebook


Causes and Effects



Charts amp Graphs

Student Workbooks






































































Section 4 Unions








Section 2 Populism
































































































































































































Section 4 Unions








Section 2 Populism





























































































































































































































































Spanish Summaries





































Workbook Overview




































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500 miles0

20degE0deg

10degW

40degN

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Atlantic

Black Sea

BalticSeaNorth

Adriatic Sea

Mediterranean Sea

FRANCE

BELGIUM

LUX WESTGERMANY

EASTGERMANY

POLAND

AUSTRIA

ALBANIA

YUGOSLAVIA

HUNGARYROMANIA

SOVIET UNION

BULGARIA

NORWAY

SWEDEN

FINLAND

DENMARK

CZECHOSLOVAKIA

TURKEY

ANDORRA

GREECE

Lisbon Madrid

Brussels Bonn

AmsterdamLondon

Dublin

Vienna

Berlin

Copenhagen

Tirana

Belgrade

Budapest

Prague

Warsaw

Moscow

Bucharest

Stockholm

Helsinki

Ankara

Capital

14247011

Reading Check

History

22998886

Reading Check

Communism

20705112

Critical Thinking

Making Decisions

1717301

1 Cold War

2 iron curtain

3 containment

4 limited war

5 subversion

6 perjury

7 censure

8 fallout

9 fallout shelter

11 brinkmanship

12 covert

complex

Causes ofCold War

General Goals

In Europe

In the Middle East

In Asia

At Home

The Cold War

and Greece

HISTORY

5 miles0

EASTGERMANY

Brandenburg Gate

Tempelhof

EastBerlin

WestBerlin

Airports

HISTORY

5 miles0

EASTGERMANY

Brandenburg Gate

Tempelhof

EastBerlin

WestBerlin

Airports

The American Vision

Table of Contents


Scavenger Hunt


















World Political

United States Facts


Introduction

Globes and Maps

Using Maps




























































































Section 4 Unions










Section 2 Populism
















































































































Appendix





Flag Etiquette

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index


Feature Contents



American Literature

What Ifhellip








Profiles in History

SkillBuilder

Social Studies

Critical Thinking

Study amp Writing

Technology

Why It Matters


Youre the Historian

TIME Notebook


Causes and Effects



Charts amp Graphs

Student Workbooks






































































Section 4 Unions








Section 2 Populism
































































































































































































Section 4 Unions








Section 2 Populism





























































































































































































































































Spanish Summaries





































Workbook Overview




































Help

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500 kilometers0

500 miles0

20degE0deg

10degW

40degN

50degN

Atlantic

Black Sea

BalticSeaNorth

Adriatic Sea

Mediterranean Sea

FRANCE

BELGIUM

LUX WESTGERMANY

EASTGERMANY

POLAND

AUSTRIA

ALBANIA

YUGOSLAVIA

HUNGARYROMANIA

SOVIET UNION

BULGARIA

NORWAY

SWEDEN

FINLAND

DENMARK

CZECHOSLOVAKIA

TURKEY

ANDORRA

GREECE

Lisbon Madrid

Brussels Bonn

AmsterdamLondon

Dublin

Vienna

Berlin

Copenhagen

Tirana

Belgrade

Budapest

Prague

Warsaw

Moscow

Bucharest

Stockholm

Helsinki

Ankara

Capital

14247011

Reading Check

History

22998886

Reading Check

Communism

20705112

Critical Thinking

Making Decisions

1717301

1 Cold War

2 iron curtain

3 containment

4 limited war

5 subversion

6 perjury

7 censure

8 fallout

9 fallout shelter

11 brinkmanship

12 covert

complex

Causes ofCold War

General Goals

In Europe

In the Middle East

In Asia

At Home

The Cold War

and Greece

HISTORY

5 miles0

EASTGERMANY

Brandenburg Gate

Tempelhof

EastBerlin

WestBerlin

Airports

HISTORY

5 miles0

EASTGERMANY

Brandenburg Gate

Tempelhof

EastBerlin

WestBerlin

Airports

The American Vision

Table of Contents


Scavenger Hunt


















World Political

United States Facts


Introduction

Globes and Maps

Using Maps




























































































Section 4 Unions










Section 2 Populism
















































































































Appendix





Flag Etiquette

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index


Feature Contents



American Literature

What Ifhellip








Profiles in History

SkillBuilder

Social Studies

Critical Thinking

Study amp Writing

Technology

Why It Matters


Youre the Historian

TIME Notebook


Causes and Effects



Charts amp Graphs

Student Workbooks






































































Section 4 Unions








Section 2 Populism
































































































































































































Section 4 Unions








Section 2 Populism





























































































































































































































































Spanish Summaries





































Workbook Overview




































Help

Internet Link

Previous Document

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Reading Check

History

22998886

Reading Check

Communism

20705112

Critical Thinking

Making Decisions

1717301

1 Cold War

2 iron curtain

3 containment

4 limited war

5 subversion

6 perjury

7 censure

8 fallout

9 fallout shelter

11 brinkmanship

12 covert

complex

Causes ofCold War

General Goals

In Europe

In the Middle East

In Asia

At Home

The Cold War

and Greece

HISTORY

5 miles0

EASTGERMANY

Brandenburg Gate

Tempelhof

EastBerlin

WestBerlin

Airports

HISTORY

5 miles0

EASTGERMANY

Brandenburg Gate

Tempelhof

EastBerlin

WestBerlin

Airports

The American Vision

Table of Contents


Scavenger Hunt


















World Political

United States Facts


Introduction

Globes and Maps

Using Maps




























































































Section 4 Unions










Section 2 Populism
















































































































Appendix





Flag Etiquette

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index


Feature Contents



American Literature

What Ifhellip








Profiles in History

SkillBuilder

Social Studies

Critical Thinking

Study amp Writing

Technology

Why It Matters


Youre the Historian

TIME Notebook


Causes and Effects



Charts amp Graphs

Student Workbooks






































































Section 4 Unions








Section 2 Populism
































































































































































































Section 4 Unions








Section 2 Populism





























































































































































































































































Spanish Summaries





































Workbook Overview




































Help

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Reading Check

Communism

20705112

Critical Thinking

Making Decisions

1717301

1 Cold War

2 iron curtain

3 containment

4 limited war

5 subversion

6 perjury

7 censure

8 fallout

9 fallout shelter

11 brinkmanship

12 covert

complex

Causes ofCold War

General Goals

In Europe

In the Middle East

In Asia

At Home

The Cold War

and Greece

HISTORY

5 miles0

EASTGERMANY

Brandenburg Gate

Tempelhof

EastBerlin

WestBerlin

Airports

HISTORY

5 miles0

EASTGERMANY

Brandenburg Gate

Tempelhof

EastBerlin

WestBerlin

Airports

The American Vision

Table of Contents


Scavenger Hunt


















World Political

United States Facts


Introduction

Globes and Maps

Using Maps




























































































Section 4 Unions










Section 2 Populism
















































































































Appendix





Flag Etiquette

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index


Feature Contents



American Literature

What Ifhellip








Profiles in History

SkillBuilder

Social Studies

Critical Thinking

Study amp Writing

Technology

Why It Matters


Youre the Historian

TIME Notebook


Causes and Effects



Charts amp Graphs

Student Workbooks






































































Section 4 Unions








Section 2 Populism
































































































































































































Section 4 Unions








Section 2 Populism





























































































































































































































































Spanish Summaries





































Workbook Overview




































Help

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Critical Thinking

Making Decisions

1717301

1 Cold War

2 iron curtain

3 containment

4 limited war

5 subversion

6 perjury

7 censure

8 fallout

9 fallout shelter

11 brinkmanship

12 covert

complex

Causes ofCold War

General Goals

In Europe

In the Middle East

In Asia

At Home

The Cold War

and Greece

HISTORY

5 miles0

EASTGERMANY

Brandenburg Gate

Tempelhof

EastBerlin

WestBerlin

Airports

HISTORY

5 miles0

EASTGERMANY

Brandenburg Gate

Tempelhof

EastBerlin

WestBerlin

Airports

The American Vision

Table of Contents


Scavenger Hunt


















World Political

United States Facts


Introduction

Globes and Maps

Using Maps




























































































Section 4 Unions










Section 2 Populism
















































































































Appendix





Flag Etiquette

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index


Feature Contents



American Literature

What Ifhellip








Profiles in History

SkillBuilder

Social Studies

Critical Thinking

Study amp Writing

Technology

Why It Matters


Youre the Historian

TIME Notebook


Causes and Effects



Charts amp Graphs

Student Workbooks






































































Section 4 Unions








Section 2 Populism
































































































































































































Section 4 Unions








Section 2 Populism





























































































































































































































































Spanish Summaries





































Workbook Overview




































Help

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1 Cold War

2 iron curtain

3 containment

4 limited war

5 subversion

6 perjury

7 censure

8 fallout

9 fallout shelter

11 brinkmanship

12 covert

complex

Causes ofCold War

General Goals

In Europe

In the Middle East

In Asia

At Home

The Cold War

and Greece

HISTORY

5 miles0

EASTGERMANY

Brandenburg Gate

Tempelhof

EastBerlin

WestBerlin

Airports

HISTORY

5 miles0

EASTGERMANY

Brandenburg Gate

Tempelhof

EastBerlin

WestBerlin

Airports

The American Vision

Table of Contents


Scavenger Hunt


















World Political

United States Facts


Introduction

Globes and Maps

Using Maps




























































































Section 4 Unions










Section 2 Populism
















































































































Appendix





Flag Etiquette

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index


Feature Contents



American Literature

What Ifhellip








Profiles in History

SkillBuilder

Social Studies

Critical Thinking

Study amp Writing

Technology

Why It Matters


Youre the Historian

TIME Notebook


Causes and Effects



Charts amp Graphs

Student Workbooks






































































Section 4 Unions








Section 2 Populism
































































































































































































Section 4 Unions








Section 2 Populism





























































































































































































































































Spanish Summaries





































Workbook Overview




































Help

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HISTORY

5 miles0

EASTGERMANY

Brandenburg Gate

Tempelhof

EastBerlin

WestBerlin

Airports

HISTORY

5 miles0

EASTGERMANY

Brandenburg Gate

Tempelhof

EastBerlin

WestBerlin

Airports

The American Vision

Table of Contents


Scavenger Hunt


















World Political

United States Facts


Introduction

Globes and Maps

Using Maps




























































































Section 4 Unions










Section 2 Populism
















































































































Appendix





Flag Etiquette

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index


Feature Contents



American Literature

What Ifhellip








Profiles in History

SkillBuilder

Social Studies

Critical Thinking

Study amp Writing

Technology

Why It Matters


Youre the Historian

TIME Notebook


Causes and Effects



Charts amp Graphs

Student Workbooks






































































Section 4 Unions








Section 2 Populism
































































































































































































Section 4 Unions








Section 2 Populism





























































































































































































































































Spanish Summaries





































Workbook Overview




































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