The Cold War: Super Powers Face Off How did former allies become enemies after WWII?

The Cold War:Super Powers Face Off

How did former allies become enemies after WWII?

Eastern EuropeEastern Europe• 1945: Despite promising free elections, Stalin installs communist

“satellite states” in Eastern Europe

• Stalin wants a buffer zone and creates a Soviet sphere of influence called the Eastern Bloc

• Countries include:

2. Poland

3. Czechoslovakia

4. Hungary

5. Romania

6. Bulgaria

8. Yugoslavia (Communist Only)

7. Albania

1. E. Germany (1949)

• 1946: Truman tells Stalin he has violated the Yalta Agreement, Stalin still refuses elections & Cold War rhetoric heats up

• In a speech Stalin states “Communism & Capitalism cannot coexist”

•At a Missouri speech, Churchill describes an “Iron Curtain” that divides Europe

•US Diplomat George Kennan writes an article stating how the US must “contain” the spread of Communism

•President Truman adopts a “containment” foreign policy

•US will support those who reject Communism (Truman Doctrine)

•US will give money to non-communist countries using the Marshall Plan =• Even though Yugoslavia is Communist, by 1948 their leader Josip Tito splits with Stalin & are no longer a satellite state

The Marshall Plan (Page 534/ next slide)

1. What three countries get the most aid from the Marshall Plan?

2. Which of these are former allies, which were enemies?

3. Which “Eastern Bloc Communist” country gets money?

4. Why do you think they get money?

5. Will the Marshall plan make the Cold War worse? Why/ why not? Use the political cartoon to help decide.

The Marshall Plan

2826

2445

1316

1279

877

561

547

515

257

237

153

146

119

51 33 29

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

Brita

in

Fra

nce Ita

ly

W. G

erm

any

Hol

land

Aus

tria

Bel

gium

Gre

ece

Den

mar

k

Nor

way

Tur

key

Irel

and

Swe

den

Por

tuga

l

Yug

osla

via

Icel

and

Country

Milli

ons

of D

olla

rs

Millions

The Marshall Plan

2826

2445

1316

1279

877

561

547

515

257

237

153

146

119

51 33 29

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000Br

itain

Fra

nce

Ital

y

W. G

erm

any

Hol

land

Aus

tria

Bel

gium

Gre

ece

Den

mar

k

Nor

way

Tur

key

Irel

and

Sw

eden

Por

tuga

l

Yug

osla

via

Icel

and

Country

Mill

ions

of D

olla

rs

Millions

The United Nations (UN)

• United Nations formed in June 1945 to replace League of Nations

• Designed to protect member nations, nations pledge troops to UN

• First body: all members get vote in General Assembly

• Permanent members have veto power (US, Britain, Soviet Union, France, China)

• Second Body: Eleven members vote in Security Council (5 permanent, 6 rotate)

• Security council’s job is to prevent war but has power to use armed forces if needed• US donates land in NYC for UN