THE COGNITIVE REVOLUTION: A HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE Asheley Landrum and Amy Louise Schwarz

THE COGNITIVE REVOLUTION: A HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVEAsheley Landrum and Amy Louise Schwarz

Behaviorism

Behaviorism Premise Psychology as an objective scienceMental events observable events

Behaviorism Premise Psychology as an objective scienceMental events observable events

OutcomePerception = DiscriminationMemory = LearningLanguage = Verbal BehaviorIntelligence = What intelligence tests test

Limitations of Behaviorism It cannot explain a natural language.

Much of human experience is unobservable.MemoryDecision makingPerceptual experienceOther mental events

Revolution BeginsDefining psychology as the science of behavior is like defining physics as the science of meter reading. Noam Chomsky

Cognitive Revolution

Cognitive Revolution Mentalism = Cognition

Integrate mentalistic concepts to explain behavioral data.

Re-opened communication with Europe

1956 - Critical Year: Information Processing (Newell & Simon)Began Development of Artificial Intelligence

Studies about ThinkingNotions of Cognitive StrategiesMagic # 7, plus or minus 2

Signal Detection Theory applied to Perception

9/11/56: Moment of ConceptionInterdisciplinary Approach AIMathComputer ScienceLanguageNeuropsychology

9/11/56: Moment of ConceptionKey PapersLogic Machine (Newell & Simon)Testing Neuropsychological Theory of Cell Assembly (Rochester at IBM)Statistical analysis of gaps in relation to syntax (Yngve)Mathematics of Grammar transformational grammar (Chomsky)Speed of Perceptual Recognition (Szikakli)

Alfred P. Sloan FoundationCreated NeuroscienceCreated a program: cognitive scienceMiller argued: Interdisciplinary fieldReport created for the Foundation Scholars from several fields came together Unwilling to comment on each others disciplines So, just summarized their own fieldsFoundation provided grants to promote communication between disciplines.

Discussion Questions

Discussion QuestionsPsycholinguisticsComputational LinguisticsBrain EvolutionCybernetics

Discussion QuestionsMiller only labeled four of the connections between fields. What interdisciplinary fields link the remaining nodes?

What field belongs at the center of the figure?

Discussion Questions

Discussion QuestionsMiller contends the central three are:Psychology, Linguistics, and Computer Science

What is your opinion?

Cognitive Science vs Cognitive SciencesWhat are the benefits of thinking of it as a unified science?

What are the detriments?

Should people from different disciplines comment regularly on each others work?

Artificial IntelligenceDo you think it is possible to advance artificial intelligence to the point where it accurately mimics life?

Are there any aspects of human cognition that you believe are unable to be replicated?

Discussion QuestionsThis article is a personal account of the cognitive revolution. What is added or taken away by this being a personal account as opposed to a historical perspective as the title suggests?

Discussion QuestionsHow did the invention of the computer contribute to the perception of cognitive science?