The Characters William Taft Won Rep. nomination after T.R. withdrew Theodore Roosevelt Progressive Party (Bull Moose Party) Woodrow Wilson Democrat Eugene.

The Characters› William Taft

Won Rep. nomination after T.R. “withdrew”

› Theodore Roosevelt Progressive Party (“Bull Moose” Party)

› Woodrow Wilson Democrat

› Eugene Debs Socialist Party

Progressive

New Nationalism› Roosevelt’s Platform› Powerful Fed. Government = regulation of

economy and social justice New Freedom

› Wilson’s Platform – competition between small companies instead of large corps.

Smart Lacked people skills Led by morals Idealist Very stubborn Anti-imperialist

Tariffs› Underwood Tariff Bill (1913) – Reduced

tariff rates› 16th amendment – income tax

Banks› Federal Reserve Act

Trusts› Federal Trade Commission Act › Clayton Anti-Trust Act

Samuel Gompers

Created Federal Reserve Board 12 regional banks

that issued Federal Reserve notes

Allowed for flexible money system

Presidential Commission examined interstate commerce laws

Root out unfair trade practices

Root out unlawful competition

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Outlawed interlocking directories and pure discrimination

“Magna Carta” of the labor movement• Exempted labor

unions from Anti-Trust laws

La Follette Seamen’s Act 1915› Fair treatment and wages on ships

Federal Farm Loan Act 1916› Low interest loans to farmers

Warehouse Act of 1916› Loans on the security of staple crops

Workingmen’s Compensation Act 1916 Adamson Act 1916

› 8hr work day for train workers in interstate commerce

Wilson did not do well with “Black Progressivism”

Louis Brandeis First Jewish Supreme

Court Justice

Wilson did not embrace the “Dollar Diplomacy” and “Big Stick”

Jones Act• Made Philippines a

territory, promoted independence as soon as Philippines had stable government

Wilson did not embrace the “Dollar Diplomacy” and “Big Stick”

Jones Act• Made Philippines a

territory, promoted independence as soon as Philippines had stable government

Repealed Panama Canal Tolls Act Haiti

› Helping Haiti or Helping Ourselves? Virgin Islands

› Purchased from Denmark for $25 million

-In 1913 Mexican rebels (prompted by U.S. ambassador) overthrew a government friendly to the United States and placed Victoriano Huerta , Carranza and Villa in positions of power in Mexico.

-President Wilson refused to recognize the new Mexican government.

- Mass immigration of Mexicans

-In 1913 Mexican rebels (prompted by U.S. ambassador) overthrew a government friendly to the United States and placed Victoriano Huerta , Carranza and Villa in positions of power in Mexico.

-President Wilson refused to recognize the new Mexican government.

- Mass immigration of Mexicans

-TAMPICO INCIDENT-Wilson ordered Marines to take Vera Cruz because of arrest of Americans.

-And to prevent arming of Mexicans

-Carranza and Huerto protested bitterly. -It was finally mediated by the A.B.C. Powers.

-(Argentina, Brazil, and Chile)-Shortly after Huerto collapsed and was replaced by Carranza whom President Wilson reluctantly supported.

Hoping to start a war with America, “the bandit” Pancho Villa killed 16 Americans in Northern Mexico and 19 Americans at Columbus, New Mexico. Wilson sent John Pershing after “the bandit” Pancho Villa. The Mexican terrorist was never found.

Serb patriot killed heir to the Austria-Hungary throne› Germany and Austria-Hungary sent

message to Serbia› Serbia backed by Russia set eyes on

Germany› Germany attacked France through Belgium› Great Britain joined with France

Archduke Francis Ferdinand

Gavrilo Princip

Both central and allied powers wanted US help› Allies – German atrocities› Central – relied on German-Americans

Americans anti-German› Against Kaiser Wilhelm II

In recession before WWI British and French need for product J.P Morgan loaned 2.3 billion Central powers complained

› Did not violate neutrality laws› Could still trade with US› British blockade

1915 –Germany announces submarine war area around British isles› U-boats› 90 ships sunk in first few months

“try not to sink neutral ships”

Passenger ship Sank of Ireland on May 7, 1915 1,198 killed (128 Americans) Germans argued ship carried

ammunition

Warning to Germany Agreed in 1915 to not sink unarmed

ships without warning Violated with sinking of Sussex in 1916 Sussex ultimatum

› Germany would not attack passenger ships Accepted by Wilson

› U.S. would help to remove British blockade Not agreed upon

Wilson: “He Kept us Out of War” Roosevelt refused to run as a

progressive Republican’s nominate Hughes

› Pro-business; attacked Wilson’s foreign policy