THE CHANGE YOU SHAPE

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THE CHANGE YOU SHAPE

Data Centric Engineering

John Dressel, Fluor Principle Application Specialist June 2018

Engineering is Changing from a Document to a Data Centric Environment and Hexagon PPM is leading the way

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Engineering began in the Drafting Rooms of the times

• Hundreds of draftsmen generated Thousands of drawings to produce the project deliverables • Typical engineering drawings included:

• Process Flow Diagrams • Piping and Instrument Diagrams • Plot Plan Drawings for:

• Piping Plan Drawings • Electrical Plan Drawings • Structural Plan Drawings • Mechanical Plan Drawings

• Detail Drawings for: • Piping Isometric Drawings • Electrical lighting and Power Drawings • Structural Steel and Concrete

Drawings • Mechanical Equipment Drawings • Vessels and Tank Detail Drawings

• Additional drawings as required by Scope

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Engineering tools of the times

• Engineering tools for generating calculations and specifications were limited to manual devices • Typical Engineering Tools included:

• Pens and Pencils: • Handwritten specifications • Engineering Sketches • Handwritten Calculations

• Typewriters: • Specifications and other Documents

were sent to “Typing Pools” for final form from Engineers Handwritten notes

• Engineering and Project documents were Typed then Reproduced for issue

• Slide Rules and Lookup Tables: • Engineering calculations were manual • Specialty Slide Rules and Lookup Tables

were developed for most common Engineering calculations

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Manually Generated Drawings and Documents

• Engineering Deliverables became Document Centric with all Documents Compiled into Job Books • Engineering Job Books contained all necessary

Drawings and Documents for Procurement and Construction

• Project Cost and Scheduling was based on the content of the Engineering Job Books

• Clients would be billed on the number of Documents in the Engineering Job Books

• Project Progress was measured by the number of documents created by Engineering and compiled into the Engineering Job Books

• It was said that “The Project is not Complete

Until the Weight of the Paper Equals the Weight of the Steel on the Job”

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Engineering Document Management

• Document Centric Engineering required large drawing storage facilities to maintain all the paperwork • Drafted drawings were in many different media:

• Drafting Cloth - Translucent starched linen • Vellum - Tracing paper treated to make it

more transparent • Mylar - Very transparent and strong

• Original drafted drawings were stored in flat files so they could be recovered and reproduced

• Job Books were kept in library ringed binders so pages could be removed and replaced

• Most Engineering companies maintained vast shelves of Job Books

• Job Books and Drawings were photographed and stored as Microfiche files that could be recalled and reproduced

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Computer Integrated Engineering

• Introduction of Mainframe Computers began the development of Computer Integrated Engineering

• Most Mainframes of the time were used for “number crunching” and “calculations”

• The hardware required massive amount of space and used punch cards and magnetic reel to reel tapes for programing and memory

• A typical main frame computer had less computing power that a smart phone today

• Most engineering companies kept financial records in the mainframes and some used them for engineering calculations such as Pipe Stress calculations

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Plastic Engineering Models

• Plastic design scale models routinely resided in the Engineering Construction offices of the 1980's • Most Engineering offices had model shops that

created the starter board and large equipment and vessels

• The Individual discipline designers would add the detail parts to the Model based on the drawings: • Structural steel and pipe racks • Ladders, Platforms and Manways • Piping with Valves and Fittings • Electrical Lighting and Cable Trays • Instruments, Stands and Junction boxes

• Model reviews were a manual process of

following Plastic Pipes through the model and coloring them off on a Piping & Instrument Diagram

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Computer Aided Drafting Terminals

• Intergraph was a leading supplier of Computer Aided Drafting Terminals and Work Stations

• In 1980, Intergraph released the first computer graphics terminal to use raster technology. The debut of dual 1280 x 1024 pixel displays established the industry standard for high-resolution displays - the same standard as today

• The Clipper C100 Processor was developed by Fairchild, later sold to Intergraph, which took over chip development (produced the C300 in 1988) until it decided it couldn't compete in processor technology, and switched to Intel 80x86-based processors

• The Primary deliverable from the CAD systems were simple Computer Generated Drawings

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Intelligent CAD Drawings

• The next logical progression was to add intelligence to Drawings by attaching Attributes to Symbols

• Excerpt from a 1991 Paper that Ken English and I presented for the ‘American Society of Civil Engineers’ on “Integration of CAD and Material Control”

• The Paper described methods for inserting data into Symbols on a CAD Drawing or in a 3D Model as attributes and properties then extracting that data into a database or spreadsheet for generating Bills Of Material

• This methodology is still the basis of most Intelligent Documents today including hyperlinked Text Documents

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Making Smarter Intelligent CAD Drawings

• While drawings are still graphical in nature the amount of underlying data has expanded considerably

• CAD Drawing created DATA – As symbols and elements are placed on a CAD drawing some Properties are Automatically filled in and Selecting a Symbol on a Smart CAD Drawing will expose the Properties for additional input. Some Drawing elements can have hundreds of Data Properties

• DATA Created CAD Drawings – Some Diagrams and Drawings are Generated based on DATA defined in the database. The drawings are composed of symbols or blocks defined in the database and the data is populated on the drawing by replacing Macros or Attributes with Text Data as the Drawing is generated

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Making Smarter Intelligent CAD Drawings

• While drawings are still graphical in nature the amount of underlying data has expanded considerably

• CAD Drawing created DATA – As symbols and elements are placed on a CAD drawing some Properties are Automatically filled in and Selecting a Symbol on a Smart CAD Drawing will expose the Properties for additional input. Some Drawing elements can have hundreds of Data Properties

• DATA Created CAD Drawings – Some Diagrams and Drawings are Generated based on DATA defined in the database. The drawings are composed of symbols or blocks defined in the database and the data is populated on the drawing by replacing Macros or Attributes with Text Data as the Drawing is generated

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Intelligent Piping & Instrument Diagrams

• All Data Centric Engineering starts with the Properties in an Intelligent Piping & Instrument Diagram • Equipment, Line and Instrument Tag Numbers

are the Master Tags for all Engineering Data • Every Line and Symbol on a Smart P&ID

contains Properties that define critical information to the Engineering Data Set

• A properly configured Smart P&ID will produce Equipment Lists, Piping Line Lists and Instrument Indexes with all the minimal sizing, material and relationships needed to initialize other Data Centric Engineering databases

• The use of implied symbology to eliminate clutter on the drawing results in the loss of the properties associated with the missing symbols

• Every Shortcut taken on a Smart P&ID is a Potential Loss of Necessary Engineering Data!

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Engineering Data Integration

• In a true Data Centric Engineering environment the data is Integrated between applications • Integrating the Smart P&ID Master Tags to

other applications initializes the Data Centric exchange of properties between applications

• Each Application can then develop additional data as needed to complete the engineering data sets for a Project

• In the SmartPlant Enterprise most of the Engineering Data destination is Smart 3D

• Smart 3D represents the Data in a physical form that does not require drawings or paper deliverables

• The Smart 3D Data and Model is used by SmartPlant Construction to develop the Work Packages to Fabricate and Build the Project

• When working with massive amounts of Data it helps to adhere to Data Integration Standards

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Data Centric Engineering Integration Standards

• Hexagon PPM supports and adopts international Integration standards including ISO 15926, CFIHOS • ISO 15926, POSC/Caesar, and Fiatech

• Hexagon PPM has been an active member of and delivered the first ever POSC/Caesar data warehouse in 1997

• POSC/Caesar and Fiatech initiated the development of the ISO 15926 standard

• SmartPlant Foundation data model has a common basis with ISO 15926 Part 2

• CFIHOS (Capital Facilities Information Hand-Over Specification) for process industries • Whilst the CFIHOS standard is still under

development, Hexagon PPM considers that it provides a good pragmatic basis for defining standard information requirements for life-cycle asset management using ISO 15926

• PIP DMDIM001 is an emerging Data Integration Standard for consideration

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Data Integrity and Progress Reporting

• In a Data Centric Engineering environment Progress can no longer be measured by Documents Issued • Project progress must now be measured on the

Quality and Quantity of Data in the databases • Data Quality measurement requires the use of rule

based data Integrity tools to find errors and inconsistencies in the data

• Other Quality measurements use comparison of data between two integrated databases looking for differences in the Master Tags and integrated Data

• The Quantity of Data should be based on key quantities – usually the Master Tag counts from the initial FEED estimate

• The Quantity of data against each Master Tag at selected milestones in the database will also be measurements of the completeness of the Data

• After measuring the Quality and Quantity of data, the time to Generate Documents or Publish the Data must be accounted for

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Engineering Data as a Project Deliverable

• To complete the Data Centric Engineering cycle, proper Delivery of the Data to the Owner is important • SmartPlant Enterprise for Owner Operators

• Project Execution for Data Handover • Systems Completion takes Data from

Construction turnover to Commissioning • Operating Plant for Management of Change

• SmartPlant Fusion • Master Tag, Document and Information

Identification • Content Discovery of any documents, even

image and PDF files • Data linking and Hot spotting between Tags

formats and aliases • Intergraph SmartPlant Data Validator

• Check the Quality of Delivered data • Direct approved Data to Target Systems • Reports unapproved Data for remediation

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Changes Coming Data Centric Engineering

• Hexagon PPM is leading the industry in Global Data Access and Visualization of Complex Data • SmartPlant Reference Data will enable Global

Web access to a common database of standard catalogs and specifications

• 3D Design and Visualization tools will integrate Smart 3D, CADWorx, CloudWorx and Smart FreeView with a unified user experience

• HxGN Smart Build is a fully integrated Construction solution that brings all relevant project information from Hexagon PPM and Geosystems together on a single platform

• HxGN Interact App for Augmented Reality (AR) is a way of viewing the real-world environment through computer-generated visuals and sounds

• Hexagon PPM Data Centricity will drastically reduce the amount of Paper Documents produced on an engineering project

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Data Centric Engineering's goal is a Paperless Project

• Data Centric Engineering has mitigated the need to develop paper documents on a project

• Other methods of reducing paper documents are: • File Sharing using computer screens and

tablets instead of printed documents • Work Online for data and file movement

between parties instead of mailings • Electronic Storage - preferably in the cloud

so it can be accessed anywhere any time • Eliminate Handouts – Use projectors and net

meetings for visual references in meetings • Convert Documents to electronic files buy

scanning originals to digital images or OCR

With Data Centricity and Document Reduction this may soon be the only paper left on a project

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Data Centric Engineering

You can have data without information, but you cannot have information without data. ~ Daniel Keys Moran “

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Engineering is changing from a Document to a Data Centric Environment and Hexagon PPM is leading the way

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