The Challenges in Transport Development and Connectivity in Developing Countries Junyi ZHANG, Prof. Dr. Eng. Mobilities and Urban Policy Lab IDEC, Hiroshima University http://home.hiroshima-u.ac.jp/~zjy/ Keynote Speech at the 20th FSTPT Symposium & the 1 st ISTSDC, Makassar, Indonesia, Nov 4, 2017
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The Challenges in Transport
Development and Connectivity in
Developing Countries
Junyi ZHANG, Prof. Dr. Eng.
Mobilities and Urban Policy Lab
IDEC, Hiroshima University
http://home.hiroshima-u.ac.jp/~zjy/
Keynote Speech at the 20th FSTPT Symposium &
the 1st ISTSDC, Makassar, Indonesia, Nov 4, 2017
Junyi Zhang
My research interests
2
Life-oriented
Approach for
Regional and Urban
Planning
Integrated Regional
and Urban Models
Sustainable
Regional and Urban
Development
Research topics: Interdisciplinary
42%
43% 15%
Junyi Zhang
My views on transport
3
mobilities
capitals
information
things
human
Time
Space
Zhang J & Feng C-M (2017) Introduction: Transport in Asia. In: Zhang J &
Feng C-M (eds), Routledge Handbook of Transport in Asia, Chapter 1.
Junyi Zhang
My views on transport
4
Development of life-oriented approach for regional/urban/transport policiesTheory
Inter-discipline
Single discipline
Travel behavior
Life choices
Transport policy
Public policy
Cro
ss-Secto
r
Hierarchical scheme
Integrated scheme
Urbanpolicy
Trip-based approach
Trip chaining approach
Practice
Life-oriented approach
Activity-based approach
Tour-based approach
Sin
gle Secto
r
Junyi ZHANG, Veronique Van Acker (2017) Life-oriented travel behavior
research: An overview. Transportation Research Part A (forthcoming)
Junyi Zhang
My views on transport systems
5
Resources
Population
Human Activities
Transport Demand
Services
Land Use
Transport Supply
Zhang J & Feng C-M (2017) Introduction: Transport in Asia. In: Zhang J &
Feng C-M (eds), Routledge Handbook of Transport in Asia, Chapter 1.
Junyi Zhang
My views on transport systems
6
Integration of regional/urban/transport developments with diverse sustainabilities
Junyi ZHANG (2013) Systematic and behavior-oriented approaches for sustainable urban and transport policies.
In: Akimasa FUJIWARA and Junyi ZHANG (eds.), Sustainable Transport Studies in Asia, Chapter 2. Springer.
Environmental simulation models
Evaluation model
Socio-economic models
Land use models
Ecosystem models Air pollution dispersion models
Transportation models
Environmental impacts assessment models
Environmental emission models
DR R
P
SI
Policy-making module
Law & institution
Economic measures Technology Enlightenment
Capacity building
C
Lifestyle
R
Means of policies
Low-carbon policy setD: Driving forces
P: Pressures
S: States
I: Impacts
R: Responses
C: Capacity
Capacity indicators QOL indicatorsAir quality indicators Ecosystem indicatorsISC
Energy
system
Forecastin
g
Back
-casting
SoP
Specificatio
n o
f policies (S
oP
)
Transportation
system
Technology
developmentUrban form ……
Pro
vid
e policy
optio
ns
Explo
re
policy o
ptio
ns
Junyi Zhang
Background of Transportation
Development in Asia
• Urbanization: rapid growth in general, but decline in Japan
• A continuing car-dependent trend: still very strong
• Problematic development issues: unbalanced within-country
development in Asia is serious; urban development is often done in an
unplanned manner; transport-based social exclusion issues
• Disexternalities of transportation development: traffic congestion,
accidents, air pollution, social exclusion,
• Major issues of transportation infrastructure and services: lack of
(better, integrated) planning, rapid growth of travel demand, slow
development of transportation networks, bad travel management, …
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z βα
Leisure/Recreation
A B C D E F G H I
Residence
A B C D E F G
Family Life
A B C D E F G
Health
ABCDEFGHIJK
Exp
end
iture
ABCDEFG
JobN
eighb
orhood
AB
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z βα
Leisure/Recreation
A B C D E F G H I
ResidenceA B C D E F G
Family Life
A B C D E F G
Health
ABCDEFGHIJKLM
Ed
ucation
ABCDEFGHIJK
Exp
end
iture
ABCDEFG
JobN
eighb
orhood
AB
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
XY
To connect transport with life
Junyi Zhang
To connect transport with land
use: EK in Japan
42
Nishifunabashi.St
Ueno.St
Nippori.St
Shinmatuso.St
Tokyo.St
Shinagawa.St
Shibuya.St
Shinjuku.StNishikokubunji.St
Urawa.St
Kawasaki.St
Ikebukuro.St
Chuo.line
Yamanote.line
Musashino.line
Soubu.line
Joban.lineSaikyo.line
During PhaseⅠ(1923~1945)
Rail: basic network completed (both central and suburban)Road: limited improvement
During PhaseⅡ(1955~1970)
Overlapped with rapid motorization.
Change from tram to subway inside from Yamanote.Line
Rail: Rail Improvement ≒ capacity expansion → shorten headway , double tracking, separation of freight / paxtrain tracks, increasing number of cars per train, etc.
Road: began extensive network construction,
Overlapped with rapid motorization
Tram network
Subwaynetwork
Before PhaseⅠ(~1920)
Outside from Yamanote.Line: Basic rail network were build
David Perez Barbosa, Junyi ZHANG, Hajime Seya (2016) Effects of the Residential Environment on Health in Japan Linked with Travel Behavior. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 13, 190; doi:10.3390/ijerph13020190
To connect transport with
health
44
WifeHusband
Home Restaurant
Office
Factory
Time Eating-out
Shopping
In-home activity
Work
Supermarket
Trip
Space
Meeting
Work
In-homeActivity
Activity-basedconsumption
To connect transport with
energy
Junyi Zhang
Better transport governance:
To connect stakeholders
45
Zhang J (2017) Social Capacity Building for Environmental Management
Related to Transport Sector: A Broader Perspective. In: Zhang J & Feng C-M
(eds), Routledge Handbook of Transport in Asia, Chapter 1.