Th e Ce ll
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The Cell
Empty slide to keep flashcards in order
What is a Prokaryote?
Prokaryote ?
NO Nucleus or membrane bound organelles.
“Pro” = “No Nucleus”
A single celled organism
DOES have Cell Membrane, DNA (circular type), Ribosomes, Cytoplasm, and Cilia and/or Flagella
Bacteria Cytoplasm
Cell Membrane
Eukaryote ?
What is a Eukaryote?
What is a Eukaryote?
All Plant, Animal, Fungi, Protista Cells!!!
Have NUCLEUS and Membrane bound organelles “Eu” = “Yes Nucleus”
What MUST all cells have?
Things
(Eukaryotes & Prokaryotes)
What MUST ALL cells have?(Eukaryotes & Prokaryotes)
4 Things:
DNA Cytoplasm
Cell MembraneRibosomes
What 3 things does a Plant cell have that an Animal cell does
NOT have?
What 3 things does a Plant cell have that an Animal cell does
NOT have?
•Cell Wall•Chloroplasts•Large Vacuole
Name the 3 parts of the Cell Theory
Scientists who
helped develop
the Cell Theory
List the 3 parts of the Cell Theory
Cells are the basic unit of life
Cells come from existing, living cells
All living things are made of 1 or more cells
Who invented the microscope and saw the first living (live) cells in pond water and called them “wee beasties?”
Who invented the microscope and saw the first living cells in pond water and called them “wee beasties?”
Leeuwenhoek
Who saw cork and named the chambers “Cells”?
Who saw cork and named the chambers “Cells”?
HookeSounds like cork
(kind of)
What did Schwann say?
What did Schlieden say?
What did Schwann say?
What did Schleiden say?
Schwann claimed that all animals are made of cells.
Think: Schwann sounds likeSwan the animal
Schleiden claimed that all plants are made of cells.
Think: Schlidin’ down the vine and vines are plants
Who claimed that all cells must come from existing cells?
Hint:
Cows come from cows
Cells come from cells
Who claimed that all cells must come from existing cells (reproduce)?
Virchow“Vircow”
Way to Remember:
Cows come from cows
Cells come from cells
Who did this experiment and believed in biogenesis?
Who did this experiment and believed in biogenesis?
Redi - Biogenesis
Who did this experiment and believed in abiogenesis?
Who did this experiment and did he believe in biogenesis or abiogenesis?
Needham – Abiogenesis(He needed more information on how to do a good experiment)
Who did this experiment and believed in biogenesis?
Pasteur - Biogenesis
Who did this experiment and believed in biogenesis?
What determines the shape of a cell?
What determines the shape of a cell?
The cell’s FUNCTION!
What are the four levels of cell organization starting from the smallest to largest?
What are the four levels of cell organization starting from the cell?
___________ is when cells perform a specific function
for an organism. Give at 3 least examples
Red blood cells blood cells
Nerve cellsWhite
Cell Specialization is when cells perform a specific function for an
organism. Give at 3 least examples
What is the semi-permeable, phospholipid bilayer that regulates what goes in and out of a cell?
What is the semi-permeable, phospholipid bilayer that regulates what goes in and out of a cell?
Cell Membrane
What is the hard covering of the plant cell that provides support
and protection for the cell?
Cell Wall
What is the hard covering of the plant cell that provides support
and protection for the cell?
What 3 things pass through the cell membrane or cell wall easily?
What 3 things pass through the cell membrane or cell wall easily?
Carbon Dioxide-Diffusion
Oxygen - Diffusion
H2O- Osmosis
What is located in the cell membrane to selectively allow things into and out of the cell?
What is located in the cell membrane to selectively allow things into and out of the cell?
Proteins & Protein Channels
What is the jelly-like substance between the cell membrane and the
nucleus?
?
What is the jelly-like substance between the cell membrane and the
nucleus?
Cytoplasm
What is the control center of the cell?
What is the control center of the cell (brain)?
NUCLEUS
What is the organelle that is inside the nucleus and makes ribosomes?
Nucleolus
What is the organelle that is inside the nucleus and makes ribosomes?
What covers the outside of the nucleus and what are the holes called to allow ribosomes and RNA out?
What covers the outside of the nucleus and what are the holes called to allow ribosomes and RNA out?
Nuclear Membrane (Nuclear Envelope)and Nuclear Pores
What is the genetic material that is inside the nucleus called when it is threadlike?
What is the genetic material inside the nucleus called when it has condensed and preparing for cell division?
What is the genetic material that is inside the nucleus called when it is threadlike?
Chromatin (Hint: looks like spaghetti)
What is the genetic material inside the nucleus called when it has condensed and preparing for cell division?
Chromosome
What is the powerhouse of the cell?
Mitochondria
What is the powerhouse of the cell?
What makes proteins for the cell?
Hint:
??????
What makes proteins for the cell?
Hint:
RIBOSOMES
What is used for photosynthesis in the plant cell?
Chloroplasts
What is used for photosynthesis in the plant cell?
What are chloroplasts, leukoplasts, and
chromoplasts called?
What are chloroplasts, leukoplasts, and
chromoplasts called?
Plastids
What is the large sac in a plant cell (holds water) and small sac in an animal (used for storage) called?
VACUOLE
What is the large sac in a plant cell (holds water) and small sac in an animal (used for storage) called?
What digests food and gets rid of unwanted things in a cell?
?????????
What digests food and gets rid of unwanted things in a cell?
______________is a folded membrane and transports materials throughout the cell.
Transportation of Proteins
Transportation of Lipids & Carbs
______________is a folded membrane and transports materials throughout the cell.
____________ is used in packaging and transport out of cell?
Hint: Think of sending a gold necklace to your friend through the mail.
Golgi Bodies or Golgi Apparatus
____________ is used in packaging and transport out of cell?
Hint: Think of sending a gold necklace to your friend through the mail.
What are the microtubules
covering the cell like hair used for movement?
What are the microtubules that are whip-like and
used for movement?
What are the microtubules
covering the cell like hair used for movement?
What are the microtubules that are whip-like and
used for movement?
Cilia
Flagella
The movement of any molecule from HIGH → LOW concentration is called ________?
________
The movement of any molecule from HIGH → LOW concentration is called
Diffusion
Movement of water across the membrane from High to Low is
called ________.
Movement of water across the membrane from High to Low is
called Osmosis.
What is movement of high to low concentration that needs a protein but DOES NOT need energy?
Facilitated Diffusion
What is movement of high to low concentration that needs a protein but DOES NOT need energy?
What is movement of high to low concentration that needs a protein and needs energy?
ACTIVE TRANSPORT
What is movement of high to low concentration that needs a protein and needs energy?
__________________ is when a large food particle is moved into the cell.
___Endocytosis________ is when a large food particle is moved into the cell.
__________________ is when a large particle is moved out of the cell.
___Exocytosis_________ is when a large particle is moved out of the cell.
Endocytosis and Exocytosis (moving big particles in or out of the cell) is also called _______ ________.
TRANSPORTING PARTICLES ACROSS THE CELL MEMBRANE
Endocytosis and Exocytosis (moving big particles in or out of the cell) is also called _______ ________.
Bulk Transport
When the solute concentration inside and outside of the cell is equal. This is
called______ and the cell (shrinks, swells, or stays the same)?
IsotonicCell stays the same
When the solute concentration inside and outside of the cell is equal. This is
called______ and the cell (shrinks, swells, or stays the same)?
When the solute concentration outside the cell is higher than inside the cell it is called______ and the cell shrinks, swells,
or stays the same?
When the solute concentration outside the cell is higher than inside the cell it is called______ and the cell shrinks, swells,
or stays the same?
HypertonicCell shrinks
When the solute concentration inside the cell is higher than outside the cell it is
called______ and the cell shrinks, swells, or stays the same?
When the solute concentration inside the cell is higher than outside the cell it is
called______ and the cell shrinks, swells, or stays the same?
HypotonicCell Swells and could Burst
What happens to the cell in this situation?Where does water move in this situation?
75% H2O93% H2O
What happens to the cell in this situation? Cell ShrinksWhere does water move in this situation? Water moves out
75% H2O 25% Solute
93% H2O7% Solute
Water goes out
You need to understand what happens when given water concentrations instead of solute concentrations.
Hypertonic Solution
Name the 2 reasons cells cannot be the size of a basketball.
Red Blood Cell
Name the 3 reasons cells cannot be the size of a basketball.
1. Geometry: Volume increases faster than surface area which makes it hard for membrane to keep up with needs of the cell
2. Practical aspects: Nucleus can’t handle that big of a job.
Be able to identify which organelles belong to Plant, Animal, or Prokaryotic Cells !
ORGANELLE PLANT ANIMAL Prokaryote
Cell Wall Yes No Yes
Cell Membrane Yes Yes Yes
Nucleus Yes Yes No
Nuclear Membrane
Yes Yes No
Cytoplasm Yes Yes Yes
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Yes Yes No
Ribosome Yes Yes Yes
Mitochondria Yes Yes No
Lysosome No (uncommon) Yes No
Chloroplast Yes No No
Vacuole Yes (Large) Rare- very small No
Golgi apparatus Yes Yes No
Cilia No No Yes
Be able to identify the organelles in plant and animal cells from various pictures in our notes and Trade & Grade review!!!!
Understand the diffusion lab that we conducted in class.
Iodine diffuses into bag because iodine is smaller than bag pores and stains
starch black
Starch too big to diffuse through bag pores so it stays in bag. You know this by the iodine/water in the cup not turning
black.
Water
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