Eukaryotes Cell Diagram: College of Dupage. Two basic types of cells ________________ Almost always single-celled (except for prokaryote colonies). Reproduce.

Eukaryotes

Cell Diagram: College of Dupage

Two basic types of cells

________________ Almost always single-celled (except for prokaryote colonies).

Reproduce by binary fission (another copy by dividing).

No cell nucleus or any other membrane-bound organelles. DNA travels openly around the cell.

All bacteria are prokaryotes.

________________

Most organisms that we can see, such as trees, grass, worms, flies, mice, humans, mushrooms and yeast are eukaryotes.

Can either be single-celled or multi-celled.

Can reproduce in one of several ways (Ex. meiosis, mitosis).

Have cell nucleus within containing its DNA.

Nucleus most evident distinction between these cell types.

Images: Mariana Ruiz

Comparison of Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic Cells

Image: k12station.blogspot.com/2006_08_01_archive.html

Eukaryotic Cells

• (eu-, “true”, karyon, “nucleus”)

• Genetic material contained in a nuclear membrane.

• Membrane bound organelles.

• Evolved from prokaryotic cells.

Image: Mariana Ruiz

CYTOPLASM

Nickname: The Matrix

Function: "molecular chowder" in which the organelles are suspended

Inside the plasma membrane, the nucleus is surrounded by cytoplasm.

A water-like substance that fills cells.

Consists of _________ and __________ ________, except for the cell nucleus.

Cytosol is made up of water, salts, organic molecules and many enzymes that catalyze reactions.

Cell Diagram: College of DuPage

CYTOSKELETON

Nickname: Scaffolding & Highways

Functions: Multiple

Maintains cell _________

Protects the cell

Enables some cell ________ (using structures such as flagella and cilia)

Plays important roles in intra-cellular transport (the movement of vesicles and organelles)

Plays important role in cellular ___________

Images:

Cell, College of DuPage

Fluorescent Cells NIH Pub Domain

Cytoskeleton Diagram,  Audesirk, Teresa and Gerald, Biology, Prentice Hall, 1999

CYTOSKELETON:Microfilaments,

Intermediate Filaments

& Microtubules

Network of protein fibers running throughout the cytoplasmthat give a cell its shape & provide a basis for movement. Micro__________Two intertwined strands of actin protein.

____________ Filaments Fibrous proteins supercoiled into thick cables.

Micro____________ Hollow tubes of tubulinCell shape, cell movement, chromosome movement during division.“Highways” along which the organelles travel and are conveyed.

Microtubules may work alone, or join with other proteins to form more complex structures called cilia, flagella or centrioles .

Image:

www.bact.wisc.edu/Microtextbook/index.php?mod...

CYTOSKELETON: Centrioles & Centrosomes

The _____________, also called the "microtubule organizing center", is an area in the cell where microtubles are produced.

Within the cells of animals are a pair of ___________, made of nine sets of triplet microtubules.

Microtubules > Centriole > Centrosome Images:

Cell, College of DuPage

Centrioles, Pearson Education Benjamin Cummings

_______ & ___________

• External appendages from cell membrane.

• Aid in locomotion of the cell or movement of materials near cell.

• Motility > coordinated sliding movements of microtubules.

• Both Prokaryotes & Eukaryotes can have external appendages, but are constructed differently.

• Eukaryotes may have flagella or cilia (components of cytoskeleton covered with plasma membrane).

• Prokaryotes may have flagella, endoflagella, fimbiae or pili (composed of protenaceous molecules and not covered with plasma membrane).

Images:Flagella: http://www.sparknotes.com/biology/microorganisms/monera/section1.htmlSpermEgg,

Tronicum Wiki

Eukaryotic Cell

The organelles of animal and plant cells are similar to each other except that __________ are present only in animal cells, and ___________ are present only in plant cells.

ORGANELLES

Animal and plant cells have organelles.

Organelles compartmentalize functions within the cell.

Image: Mariana Ruiz

Organelles: ___________

Nickname: Protein production equipment.

Function: Make proteins.

Can be found alone in the cytoplasm, in groups called polyribosomes, or attached to the endoplasmic reticulum.

Images:

Cell, College of DuPage

Ribosome, pub dom anonymous

RibosomeTranslation, http://www.studiodaily.com/main/searchlist/6850.html

Organelles: Energy-Related

____________

& ____________

Both organelles house energy in the form of ATP.

Both ancestrally were independent cells that formed a symbiotic relationship with other cells.

Found in plants & animals

Not found in animals

Images:

Mitochondria, Mariana Ruiz

Chloroplast Ollin Wikipedia

ENERGY-RELATED ORGANELLES:Mitochondria

Nickname: The Powerhouse

Function: Energy formationBreaks down food to make ATP

ATP: is the major fuel for all cell activities that require energy

Bound by a double membrane surrounding fluid-filled matrix.

The inner membranes of mitochondria are __________.

The __________ contains enzymes that break down carbohydrates and the cristae house protein complexes that produce ATP.

Image: Mariana Ruiz

System of internal membranes within eukaryotic cells that divide the cell into compartments, or organelles.

Transport system, for moving molecules through interior of cell, as well as interactive surfaces for lipid and protein synthesis.

Membranes of the endomembrane system are made of a lipid bilayer, with proteins.

The endomembrane system consists of:

1. ________ ________2. __________ ________3. ______ _______4. __________5. __________6. _________ ___________

Image: Mariana Ruiz

ENDOMEMBRANE SYSTEM ORGANELLES: Nucleus

Nickname: Control Center

Function: Separates the genetic material (DNA) from the rest of the cell.

DNA, the genetic material, is a blueprint, or code for making proteins.

Parts of the nucleus:• _________ ___________

- double membrane structure that separates nucleus from cytoplasm.

• ____________ - semifluid medium inside the nucleus.

• ________ – DNA and proteins.

Images: Mariana Ruiz

ENDOMEMBRANE SYSTEM ORGANELLES: _____________

Nickname: The Trucks

Function: Store, transport, or digest cellular products and waste.

Small compartments separated from the cytosol by at least one lipid bilayer.

Made in Golgi apparatus, ER, or from parts of the plasma membrane.

Vesicles form while taking in (____________) or discharging (____________) materials.

Image: Mariana Ruiz

ENDOMEMBRANE SYSTEM ORGANELLES : Endoplasmic Reticulum

Nickname: Production Factory (makes proteins and lipids)

Function: Internal production & delivery system of the cell.

System of membranous channels and saccules (a small sac).

________ is studded with ribosomes. Site of protein synthesis and processing.

________ lacks ribosomes. Site of synthesis of phospholipids and packaging of proteins into vesicles.

ENDOMEMBRANE SYSTEM ORGANELLES : _________ ___________Nickname:

Assembly Factory

Function: Packages, modifies, and transports materials to different location inside/outside of the cell.

Appearance: Stack of pancakes

Consists of a stack of curved saccules.

Receives protein and also lipid-filled vesicles from the ER, packages, processes, and distributes them within the cell or for export out of the cell (secretion).

Also encloses digestive enzymes into membranes to form lysosomes.Images:

Micrograph, Louisa Howard

Diagram, Mariana Ruiz

ENDOMEMBRANE SYSTEM ORGANELLES: _______________

Nickname: Recycling Trucks

Function: Break down food into particles the rest of the cell can use and to destroy old cells

Vesicles produced by the _________________.

Contain hydrolytic enzymes and are involved in intracellular digestion.

Image:

http://www.people.virginia.edu/~rjh9u/lysosome.html

Plasma Membrane

What is it? What is it made of? What is its function?

Diagrams:

Prokaryotic Cell, Mariana Ruiz

Membrane: NIST

Now, lets look at an excellent animation of how the

eukaryotic endomembrane system works (UCDavis) : http://trc.ucdavis.edu/biosci10v/bis10v/media/ch03/nucleus_endo.swf

Endomembrane System

1. Nuclear envelope2. Endoplasmic reticulum3. Golgi apparatus4. Vesicles5. Lysozomes6. Plasma Membrane

http://www.mises.org/images4/stewardess.jpg

We hope that you enjoyed your trip through the endomembrane system!

Have a

nice day!

Now let’s talk about additional structures found in PLANT Cells!!

•

ENERGY-RELATED ORGANELLES:Chloroplasts

Nickname: Solar Panels

Function: Captures Sunlight Energy & Makes ATP

___________ (a green pigment) absorbs solar energy and carbohydrates are made in the stroma.

Image: Ollin Wiki

Section 7-2

Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells

Go to Section:

PLANT CELL: _____________Nickname: Reservoir

Function: Stores water

- This is what makes lettuce crisp.

- When there is no water, the plant wilts.

Please water me!

Images:

Photomicrograph Plant Cell, biology.unm.edu/.../Summaries/Cell.html

Osmosis Plant Cell, Mariana Ruiz

PLANT CELLS: ______ __________

Function: Provides support and protection to the cell membrane

Found outside the cell membrane in plant cells

Image: Mariana Ruiz

Animal Cell (Eukaryote)

Image: Mariana Ruiz

Plant Cell (Eukaryote)

Image: Mariana Ruiz

Cells Alive Demo

http://www.cellsalive.com/cells/cell_model.htm