The Big bang theory - Ms McDonald's 9th grade earth sciencemsmcdonaldearthscience.weebly.com/uploads/8/6/8/5/... · discovered some nebulae ... POINT IT EXPLODED & BEGAN TO EXPAND.

THE BIG BANG THEORYChapter 30 Section 4

COSMOLOGY: STUDY OF THE ORIGIN, STRUCTURE & FUTURE OF THE UNIVERSE

•Hubble discovered some nebulae far away & in other galaxies

UNIVERSE IS EXPANDING

•Hubble examined spectra of galaxies

•All red-shifted all moving away from us

UNIVERSE WAS ORIGINALLY A VERY SMALL POINT

IT EXPLODED & BEGAN TO EXPAND

EVIDENCE OF BIG BANG THEORY WAS COLLECTED BY ACCIDENT

Penzias & Wilson at Bell Labs were

given a used radiotelescope

COSMIC BACKGROUND RADIATION

• Cosmologists just predicted existence of background radiation

• Penzias contacted them to compare their radiation with predictions

• Results matched.

COSMIC MICROWAVE BACKGROUND•Shortly after Big

Bang, atoms formed

• Then matter began to produce light, released in all directions

COSMIC MICROWAVE BACKGROUND

• Low levels of radiation spread evenly throughout universe

• Irregularities formed first stars & galaxies

PLANCK OBSERVATORY STUDIES THE COSMIC BACKGROUND

• The temperature of space is 3 Kelvin, or 3 degrees above ABSOLUTE ZERO

DARK ENERGY• Universe expanding &

expansion is accelerating

• Scientists cannot account for energy needed for increasing expansion

•This means that there is energy that we have not yet discovered!

• We call it “Dark Energy”

DARK MATTER

•Galaxies spin

•Spin is too fast for gravity to hold together

• There must be five times more dark matter than visible matter