The Basics of Maintenance in General Aviation Downloaded from .

The Basics of Maintenancein General Aviation

Downloaded from www.avhf.com

U.S. Department U.S. Department of Transportationof Transportation

Federal Aviation Federal Aviation AdministrationAdministration


Basics of MaintenanceIn General Aviation

for Pilots and TechniciansDownloaded from www.avhf.com

FAA-Flight Standards DivisionFAA-Flight Standards Division

2300 E. Devon Ave2300 E. Devon Ave

Des Plaines, IL 60018Des Plaines, IL 60018

Tel: 847-294-7623 Tel: 847-294-7623

FAX 847-294-8001FAX 847-294-8001

Aviation Safety Program ManagerAviation Safety Program Manager

Airworthiness RepresentativeAirworthiness Representative

Richard MilehamRichard Mileham


5Downloaded from www.avhf.com

Web Address Web Address

[email protected]@faa.gov


OBJECTIVEOBJECTIVEOBJECTIVEOBJECTIVE

This presentation is designed to This presentation is designed to

provide aviators with information provide aviators with information

concerning aircraft maintenance concerning aircraft maintenance

and preventative maintenance.and preventative maintenance.


MAINTENANCEMAINTENANCE MAINTENANCEMAINTENANCE

Ensure the Ensure the Airworthiness Airworthiness of of the Aircraftthe Aircraft


FEDERAL AVIATION FEDERAL AVIATION REGULATIONS (FAR’s)REGULATIONS (FAR’s)FEDERAL AVIATION FEDERAL AVIATION

REGULATIONS (FAR’s)REGULATIONS (FAR’s)

FAR Part 1: Definitions and AbbreviationsFAR Part 1: Definitions and Abbreviations

FAR Part 43: Maintenance, Preventive FAR Part 43: Maintenance, Preventive Maintenance, Rebuilding and Maintenance, Rebuilding and

Alterations Alterations

FAR Part 91: General Operating RulesFAR Part 91: General Operating Rules


FAR Part 1Definition of......

FAR Part 1Definition of......

Preventive MaintenancePreventive Maintenance: :

“simple or minor preservation “simple or minor preservation

operations and the operations and the

replacement of replacement of small standard small standard

parts parts notnot involving complex involving complex

assembly operations.”assembly operations.”

What is maintenance?


Definitions continuedDefinitions continued

MaintenanceMaintenance: is; : is; InspectionsInspectionsOverhaulOverhaulRepairRepairPreservation Preservation andandReplacement of Replacement of

PartsParts


FAR Part 91, Subpart EFAR Part 91, Subpart E

General OperatingGeneral Operating andand

Flight RulesFlight Rules

TOOLSTOOLS


Maintenance Regulations in FAR Part 91

Maintenance Regulations in FAR Part 91

The 400 series of FAR Part 91 states the The 400 series of FAR Part 91 states the

maintenance regulations for owners and maintenance regulations for owners and

operators.operators.


Who is responsible for the Airworthiness of the Aircraft

N1202


For FAR Part 91 General Aviation Operations, the Owner or Operator is Primarily

Responsible

For FAR Part 91 General Aviation Operations, the Owner or Operator is Primarily

Responsible


Part 91 continuedPart 91 continued

Specifically, FAR 91.403 (a) states: owner or Specifically, FAR 91.403 (a) states: owner or

operator is primarily responsible for operator is primarily responsible for

maintaining the aircraft in an airworthy maintaining the aircraft in an airworthy

condition.condition.

This includes compliance with Part 39.This includes compliance with Part 39.

FAR Part 39 concerns Airworthiness FAR Part 39 concerns Airworthiness

Directives.Directives.



FAR 91.403(b) states: No person may FAR 91.403(b) states: No person may

perform maintenance, preventive perform maintenance, preventive

maintenance, or alterations on an aircraft maintenance, or alterations on an aircraft

other than prescribed in this subpart, and other than prescribed in this subpart, and

other applicable regulations, including other applicable regulations, including

Part 43.Part 43.


Aircraft that have been certificated Aircraft that have been certificated in the in the Experimental Category.Experimental Category.

Did you know................Did you know................Did you know................Did you know................

All U.S. registered aircraft are All U.S. registered aircraft are required to be maintained in required to be maintained in accordance with the Federal accordance with the Federal Aviation Regulation Part 43 except Aviation Regulation Part 43 except for one category of aircraft.for one category of aircraft.



FAR 91.405 Maintenance Required, paragraph FAR 91.405 Maintenance Required, paragraph

(b) states: Each owner of an aircraft shall (b) states: Each owner of an aircraft shall

ensure that maintenance personnel make ensure that maintenance personnel make

appropriate entries in the aircraft maintenance appropriate entries in the aircraft maintenance

records indicating the aircraft has been records indicating the aircraft has been

approved for return to service.approved for return to service.



FAR 91.407 (a)(1) states: No person may operate any FAR 91.407 (a)(1) states: No person may operate any

aircraft that has undergone maintenance, preventive aircraft that has undergone maintenance, preventive

maintenance, rebuilding, or alteration unless it has maintenance, rebuilding, or alteration unless it has

been approved for return to service by a person been approved for return to service by a person

authorized under Part 43.7 authorized under Part 43.7 and .................and .................



the maintenance record entry the maintenance record entry required by FAR 43.9 has been required by FAR 43.9 has been made.made.

MS PowerPoint 4.0 Presentation

FAR 91 requires maintenance

to be performed in accordance with FAR 43

FAR 91 requires maintenance

to be performed in accordance with FAR 43

Lets take a look at the Lets take a look at the requirements of FAR 43requirements of FAR 43


FAR 43.3 Persons Authorized FAR 43.3 Persons Authorized

Paragraph (g) states that a Paragraph (g) states that a

holder of a pilot certificate holder of a pilot certificate

may perform preventive may perform preventive

maintenance on any aircraft maintenance on any aircraft

owned or operated by that owned or operated by that

pilot.pilot.


FAR 43.3 Persons Authorizedcontinued

FAR 43.3 Persons Authorizedcontinued

Provided the aircraft is not Provided the aircraft is not

being used under FAR Part being used under FAR Part

121, 127, 129, or 135.121, 127, 129, or 135.


Remember what FAR 91.405 & 91.407 stated

about maintenance records?


If maintenance is If maintenance is

performed, it must be performed, it must be

entered in a maintenance entered in a maintenance

record and approved for record and approved for

return to service by a return to service by a

person authorized.person authorized.


FAR 43.7 Persons Authorized to Approve for Return to ServiceFAR 43.7 Persons Authorized to Approve for Return to Service

Paragraph (f) states a person Paragraph (f) states a person

holding at least a private pilot holding at least a private pilot

certificate may approve an certificate may approve an

aircraft for return to service aircraft for return to service

after performing preventive after performing preventive

maintenancemaintenance


FAR 43.9 Content, Form and Disposition of Preventive Maintenance Records

FAR 43.9 Content, Form and Disposition of Preventive Maintenance Records

Paragraphs (a)(1),(2) & (4), states Paragraphs (a)(1),(2) & (4), states

each person who performs each person who performs

preventive maintenance shall preventive maintenance shall

make an entry in the maintenance make an entry in the maintenance

record of that equipment record of that equipment

containing the following:containing the following:

A description of the work performed.A description of the work performed.

The date of completion The date of completion Total Aircraft Time = TAT

Your signature, certificate Your signature, certificate number, and kind of certificate.number, and kind of certificate.


ie. ie.

Private Pilot =PP#123456789Private Pilot =PP#123456789

Commercial Pilot = CP#123456789Commercial Pilot = CP#123456789

ATP = ATP #123456789ATP = ATP #123456789

..

AIRCRAFT MAINTENANCE RECORDDATE DESCRIPTION OF WORK PERFORMED SIGNATURE

01/21/98TAT. 4,625 Replaced Rt. Main landing gear Tire with Goodyear

Tach: 962 600X6, 6 ply rating . Followed procedures of Cessna Service Manual for

replacement of tire. Sec:..... Par:.....etc.

.

Ima B. Good Ima B. Good

PP #123456789

TachTime(Optional)

Airframe Log Book


Lets take a look at what types of

preventive

maintenance you are authorized

to perform!

PowerplantPowerplant replacing any hose replacing any hose

connection connection except; except;

hydraulic connectionshydraulic connections

Removing, checking, Removing, checking,

and replacing and replacing

magnetic chip magnetic chip

detectors, detectors, and and

Replacing any cowling,Replacing any cowling,

Unless `Unless `


Removal of the propRemoval of the prop

is required to get the nose is required to get the nose bowl offbowl off

“UNLESS”


Powerplant continuedPowerplant continued

replacing prefabricated fuel replacing prefabricated fuel

lineslines

cleaning or replacing fuel and oil cleaning or replacing fuel and oil

strainer or filtersstrainer or filters

replacing or cleaning spark replacing or cleaning spark

plugs and setting gapplugs and setting gap


Landing GearLanding Gear

landing gear tires, servicing landing gear tires, servicing

strutsstruts

wheel bearings wheel bearings

safety wire or cotter keyssafety wire or cotter keys

lubrication, not requiring lubrication, not requiring

disassemblydisassembly

replacing wheels and skis replacing wheels and skis

where no W&B is involvedwhere no W&B is involved

Did you say that as a Pilot,I can change my own tires ??


Fuselage & InteriorFuselage & Interior

Replenishing hydraulic fluidReplenishing hydraulic fluid

Replacing side windows Replacing side windows ????

Repairing upholsteryRepairing upholstery

Replacing safety beltsReplacing safety belts

Replacing seats or seat partsReplacing seats or seat parts


Fuselage & Interiorcontinued

Fuselage & Interiorcontinued

Replacing & servicing batteriesReplacing & servicing batteries

ElectricalElectrical

Trouble shooting and repairing Trouble shooting and repairing

broken circuits in landing light broken circuits in landing light

wiringwiring

Replacing bulbs, reflectors, & lenses Replacing bulbs, reflectors, & lenses

or position or landing lightsor position or landing lights


General Preventive MaintenanceItems

General Preventive MaintenanceItems

simple fabric patchessimple fabric patches refinishing decorative coatingsrefinishing decorative coatings applying preservative or protective materialsapplying preservative or protective materials making simple repairs to fairings, making simple repairs to fairings,

nonstructural itemsnonstructural items

General Preventive MaintenanceItems continued

General Preventive MaintenanceItems continued

installation of anti installation of anti misfueling devices misfueling devices

replacement or adjustment of replacement or adjustment of nonstructural fastenersnonstruc- tural fasteners


Primary Category AircraftPrimary Category Aircraft

Inspection and maintenance Inspection and maintenance

tasks for your aircraft provided tasks for your aircraft provided

you have at least a private you have at least a private

pilot’s license, you are the pilot’s license, you are the

registered owner, and work is registered owner, and work is

performed in accordance with performed in accordance with

the manufacturer’s the manufacturer’s

instructions.instructions.


This information can be found in FAR Part 43 Appendix A

This information can be found in FAR Part 43 Appendix A

Paragraph (c), Preventive Paragraph (c), Preventive Maintenance states in part :Maintenance states in part :

Preventive Maintenance is limited Preventive Maintenance is limited

to the aforementioned work, to the aforementioned work,

provided it does not involve provided it does not involve

complex assembly operations.complex assembly operations.

Airworthiness Certificate

..

6

VOID

Airworthiness CertificateBlock 6. TERMS AND CONDITIONSUnless sooner surrendered, suspended, revoked, or a termination date is otherwise established by the Administrator, this airworthiness certificate is effective as long as the maintenance, preventive maintenance, and alterations are performed in accordance with Parts 21, 43, and 91 of the Federal Aviation Regulations, as appropriate, and the aircraft is registered in the United States.

Sample Log EntriesSample Log Entries

Sample Log EntriesSample Log Entries&&

FAR Part 43 Appendix A (c)FAR Part 43 Appendix A (c)(English Version)(English Version)

Aircraft Make: Cessna Date: 01/21/98Model: 172M TAT: 4,625 HrsSerial No. 18454 Eng: SMOH: 962 HrsEng TT: 2,762 Hrs Prop: TT. 962 HrsCessna 172 Service Manual is Available.

Maintenance ScenarioFAR 43.9, FAR 91.417Maintenance ScenarioFAR 43.9, FAR 91.417

___

Make a Typical log book entry indicating the replacement of theRight main landing gear Tire and typical return to service.

You are a Certificated Private Pilot,A&P Mechanic or Repairman

Certificate # 123456789


..



..


01/21/98TAT. 4,625 Replaced Rt. Main landing gear Tire with Goodyear

Tach: 962 600X6, 6 ply rating. Followed procedures of Cessna Service Manual for

replacement of tire. Sec:..... Par:.....etc.

Ima B. Good Ima B. Good

PP #123456789

Airframe Log Book

Tach Time(Optional)


Maintenance ScenarioFAR 43.9, & FAR 91.417Maintenance ScenarioFAR 43.9, & FAR 91.417

Aircraft Make: Cessna Date: 01/21/98Model: 172M TAT: 4,625 HrsSerial No. 18454 Eng: SMOH: 962 HrsEng TT: 2,762 Hrs Prop: TT. 962 HrsCessna 172, and Lycoming Service Manual is Available, and AC 43.13-1A, .

______________________________________________________Make a Typical log book entry indicating the replacement of the Spark Plugs, and typical return to service.

You are a Certificated Pilot, Mechanic,or Repairman

Cert #123456789


POWERPLANT MAINTENANCE LOG BOOK


ENGINE MAINTENANCE RECORDDATE DESCRIPTION OF WORK PERFORMED SIGNATURE

Removed and Replaced all spark plugs, installed 8 new Champion REM1234 spark plugsin accordance with Lycoming service instructions Used anti seize compound on threads and torqued to specifications as stated in service manual, Eng run and Mag check OK.

Ima B. Good Ima B. Good PP#123456789

01/21/98Eng: TT:2,762Hrs

SMOH:962 Hrs

Tach: 962 Hrs(optional)




ENGINE MAINTENANCE RECORDDATE DESCRIPTION OF WORK PERFORMED SIGNATURE

04/21/98 Changed oil Added 8 Quarts of Added 8 Quarts of Aeroshell

Engine TT2,762 Hrs.

SMOH962 Hrs.

50 compounded Oil

Removed & Inspected oil screen and re-installedRemoved & Inspected oil screen and re-installedin accordance with service manual

Ima B. GoodIma B. GoodIma B. Good

PP # 123456789


Safe and Happy

Flying


RememberRemember

Produced for

Airworthiness Safety Program ManagerAirworthiness Safety Program Manager

The Basics of Maintenance in General Aviation Downloaded from .

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