The art of classification

The Art of Classification

Putting Everything In Its Place!

Why do we classify?

Since all life on Earth is related, it is important to determine where each piece fits.

Classification is like a postal address.

Biologists recognize three domains. Archaea- crazy bacteria that can live

anywhere, including space, volcanic lava and glaciers.

Bacteria-this is your average bacteria, the harmless kind and the nasty ones too, these guys have no nuclei

Eukarya-this is every one else, including you, these are the higher creatures that have nuclei in their cells

What’s the difference between a prokaryotic cell and a eukaryotic cell?

This has a nucleus.

EUKARYOTIC!

Everything in the domain Eukarya is Eukaryotic!

So, if we were going to classify ourselves, where would we start? Do our cells have a nucleus? Yes, so our domain must be Eukarya.

The kingdom section narrows down the domain.

Domain Eukarya

PlantaeAnimalia

Fungi Protista

So what is our kingdom then?

Since we are animals our kingdom should be Animalia.

Human Classification

Domain: Eukarya Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum is the next level. Got bones?

I’ve got bones, then my phylum is Chordata.

Me too! I am also a

chordata.

Not me!

What are some other phylums?

Since we both have hard outer shells,

our phylum is called Arthropoda!

So, what is our phylum?

Do we have an inner skeleton? Do we have a hard outer shell? We have an inner skeleton so our

phylum is chordata.

Human Classification

Domain: Eukarya Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata

The next level is called class. What are some familiar classes of animals?

Human Classification

Domain: Eukarya Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Mammalia

What kind of mammal are we?

Human Classification

Domain: Eukarya Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Mammalia Order: Primata

The family is a little trickier. What kind of primate are we?

We are very special and there’s nothing like us….around right now! We are members of the great apes

which includes, orangutans, gibbons, siamangs, gorillas and our closest relatives the chimpanzee and the bonobo.

Although chimps and bonobos are 99.9% like us, we are still unique and therefore have our own family.

Human Classification

Domain: Eukarya Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Mammalia Order: Primata Family: Homididae Genus: Homo Species: Sapiens

So, that’s us in a nutshell. What about some other common animals? Household pets? Dogs? Cats? Iguanas? Goldfish? Rats or hamsters?

Scientific Names

When many scientists refer to a plant or animal by its scientific name, they are only using the genus and species names to shorten the classification.

A scientific name is the same everywhere but a common name changes depending on the place.

What information do we need?

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientific_classification

Let’s Take A Trip Through Life!

As we wander through life’s great wonders, you will see many pictures, fill out your graphic organizer/study guide as we go along.

It will help you classify things later. Everything marked with a * on your

guide is a new kingdom name. Welcome to the Taxonomy Safari!

ARCHAEA

BACTERIA HAVE THREE SHAPES.

Cocci-round bacteria

Bacilli-rod-shaped bacteria

Spirochetes-spiral shaped bacteria

Protists

A mixture of plant, animal and fungus types.

Came after bacteria but before plants, animals and fungus

Plants, animals and fungus are descended from protists.

Giardia

Trypanosoma

Protozoa or animal-like Protists

Amoebas and Forams Move using pseudopodia or false feet

Paramecium

Slime Molds

Plant-like protists

Plankton-microscopic organisms

Diatoms are Pretty!

Holy Green Algae, Batman!

Brown-nosers!

The Red coats are coming!

There’s Fungus Among Us

The Zygote Fungi (Zygomycota)

Sporangia

Sac Fungi- Ascomycota

The Club Fungi- Basiomycota

Imperfect fungi (Chytridiomycota )

Lichens= sac fungus + algae

Mycorrhizae

You Can Thank the Plants for all the Oxygen!

Bryophytes-the first plants

Bryophytes

Pteridophytes

Pteridophytes

GymnospermsCycads

GinkgoJuniper

Pine

Gymnosperms

Juniper Berries

White Cedar

Giant Sequoia bottom

Angiosperms

Angiosperm Varieties Monocots Dicots

Gymnosperms

Gnetophytes

AWWW, look at all the cute animals!

Invertebrate means no bones!

Sponges-Phylum Porifera

Cnidarians-Scyphozoans

Cnidarians-Box jellyfish

Most deadly jellyfish, can kill a person!

Hydrozoans

Portuguese Man-O-War, Looks like a jellyfish, but it is actually a colony of polyps like this one

Anthozoans

Class Turbellaria

Class Trematoda

Class Cestoidea

Ewwwww, tapeworms!

Roundworms

Trichinosis- disease caused by a roundworm contracted by eating undercooked pork and other meat infected with it

Yay…rotifers!

Class Polychaeta-sandworms and others

Class Oligochaeta-earthworms

If the soil is a rockin’ don’t come a knockin’!

Class Hirudinea-Leeches

Land Leeches

Class Gastropoda

Class Bivalvia

Clam larvae

Class Cephalopoda

Nautilis-very old

Echinoderms

Arthropod Ancestors-Trilobites

Spiders-Arachnids

Not really spiders but close…

Scorpians

All scorpians glow in a black light

Mites and Ticks

Decapods

Isopods

Barnacles and Copepods

Order Coleoptera

Larval Beetle Forms

Order Lepidoptera

Larval Forms

Order Diptera

Maggots, Diptera Larvae

Order Hymenoptera

Order Hemiptera

The Kissing Bug, transmits the deadly Chagas disease!

Order Orthoptera

Order Odonata

Larval Forms

Order Homoptera

Molted skin

Cicada Songs

Many of these are from the Southeast Asia areas, but there are cicadas that are quite loud around here.

Order Isoptera

Termite Queen

Lancelets

Tunicates

Now, let’s visit…

Animals with bones and/or cartilage!

Class Agnatha (Jawless Fishes)

Hagfish

Class Chondricthyes (cartilaginous fishes)

sharks

Class Chondricthyes

Rays

Class Chondricthyes

Skates

Class Chondricthyes

The chimera, a living fossil!

Strange fish from the ray-finned fish family

Lobe-finned fish: The coelacanth

Lungfish

Frogs and Toads

Salamanders and Newts

Salamanders and Newts

American Hellbender

Japanese Giant Salamander

Caecilians

Turtles and Tortoises

Snakes

Lizards

Crocodilians

Alligator

Crocodile

Crocodilians

Gavial

Caiman

Tuatara-living fossil

Archaeopteryx

The hoatzin-resembles early birds

Perching Birds

Swimming Birds

Raptors

Awww preeeety birdie

Therapsids-ancestors to mammals

Early mammals

Monotremes

Marsupials

Marsupial babies

Placental Mammals

Prosimians or early primates

Tarsiers are cute!!!!

Peek-A-Boo!

Aye-Aye

Bushbabies

Primates

Asian and African Monkeys

Primates

Ape FamilyGibbons

Apes

Bonobos-Our closest relatives

Human or not?

Bonobos are endangered!