The American Pageant Disease driven Virginia and Maryland cut off about 10 years from the average English life span. › Families were unable to grow.

Chapter 4outline

By Heather Thai and Jessie Gong

The American Pageant

The Unhealthy Chesapeake

Disease driven Virginia and Maryland cut off about 10 years from the average English life span.› Families were unable to grow because of the quick

life. Many children didn’t live to see adulthood. Children grew up with one or no children and many marriages failed because of disease.

2nd generation babies acquired immunity to the diseases.

Population in Virginia grew based on birthrate to the most populous colony.

The Tobacco Economy

Chesapeake region was based on growing tobacco. Many settlers came for tobacco alone; they’d even plant tobacco before corn.

The mass market of tobacco caused the import of indentured servants.

Frustrated Freemen and Bacon’s Rebellion

Virginia Governor Berkley upset many of the people with his comments on the economy of the majority of his colony. The majority were freemen that were roaming around looking for land to grow tobacco.

There were a series of attacks on the frontier from the Indians, but Berkley refused to do anything about it because they were exchanging furs. › Nathaniel Bacon, frustrated about the attacks, led a mass of

freemen to drive Berkley out of town. Civil war erupted in Virginia; Bacon died during their civil

war because of disease. Berkley easily crushed the rebellion after Bacon’s death.

Bacon’s Rebellion caused many landlords to fear their servants because of rebellion. Thus started the African slave trade.

Colonial Slavery

1619-1970: black slaves were the minority of the population

due to the high costs for them.

•Mid-1680, that population became larger than the white population due to the landlords’ fear of troublesome, former servants (freemen).

Rhode Island started shipping slaves when they saw the huge profits. • I

ncreased amount of slaves in America.

• 1750, Blacks outnumbered Whites 2-1 in Virginia.

The middle passage over to America killed 20% of the slaves before they even reached the auction block.

Early century, few Africans gained freedom. When they became free, they were even slave owners themselves.• E

nd of 17t

h

century, Whites saw this as a racial threat.

Status of servant and slave changed dramatically based on race.• S

laves and their children were slaves for life to their White masters. (slave codes)

• Racial discrimination molded into American slave trade by the end of the 17t

h

century.

Africans in America

Slave life was harsh, especially

in the South

because of the heat and hard-

labor.

Chesapeake region was

not as harsh

because growing tobacco

was not as strenuous.

They were able to contact

with friends and family

in the fields.

Female African

population began to

rise and so did slave families.

Black population was rising

on own fertility.

The demand of

slaves to be shipped over was

not as high.

African in American cont.

New population of Blacks brought a new culture.

Adopted words such as goober (peanut), gumbo

(okra), voodoo (witchcraft).

Ring shout contributed to the development of jazz.

Few Blacks became artisans.

Many minor rebellions started, no slave rebellion in American history

matched the scale of Bacon's Rebellion

Jazz Voodoo

SO

UTH

ER

N S

OC

IETY

Disease and

poverty society

gave way to a

social hierarchy of wealth

and status at the end of the 18th

century

Great planters. They own massive amounts of land and gangs of slaves. They held a monopoly of economic and political

power

The small farmers were the majority in the society.

The landless whites had the bottom of the lands.

The New England FamilyThe conditions in New England (N.E.) were much better than the rest

of the colonies.The waters were clean and the cool temperature made it hard for the disease to spread. It actually added 10

years to the average life span in England.

Puritans tended to migrate in families and family became the center of N.E. life.

Population grew based on natural reproduction.Women married in early 20s and gave birth every 2 years till menopause. They would be expected to give

birth to 10 children but only rear 8.

Governor of Mass. was one out of 27 children, all by the same mother.

Child raising was a N.E. woman’s full time job.

Children grew up with the nurturing care of both parents and grandparents. There were very low rates of premarital pregnancies.

New England Family cont.

The social class of women was extremely different than the South. Women in the South had the right to gain property because of the sudden deaths of the husband. N.E. feared that women’s rights might upset the unity of the marriage. Women were denied rights of inheritance since women widowhood was so uncommon.

FRO

M A

FRIC

AN

TO

AFR

ICA

N

AM

ER

ICA

N

The African born

American slaves

mended all the cultures

of Africa together to

get their own distinct

culture.

Many languages,

skills, music, and foods came from West

Africa.

They brought rice to

the soils of South Carolina. They

introduced rice into the English

diet.

The first American

slaves were mostly males. Some

slaves were even

allowed freedom.

Anthony Johnson

of Northampton

County, Virginia became a slave owner.

Beginning of the 18th

century, law began to

tighten up and slave traders

brought more human cargo.

1740s, the

American born

outnumbered African born

and the importation of slaves slowed down.

Women used the endless

amounts of time spinning and weaving to discuss the

method of child-rearing and

began to develop close

bonds.

They carried on the traditio

n of separat

e female social

networks.

Adapted Christianity

with their own influences by

adding African-influenced music and

rituals during services.

They rejected ideas of

predestination and emphasiz

ed the lowly early

place of Jesus. They

retained African idea of heaven, where they

would reunite

with their ancestors

.

LIF

E IN

TH

E N

EW

EN

GLA

ND

TO

WN

S

1) New town were legally charter by the colonial authorities and the distribution of land was entrusted to the town fathers, or " proprietors" a) in every town was a meeting house, which served as both

the place of worship and town hall. and also a village greenb) towns of more than fifty families were required to provide elementary education. After 8 years, the Massachusetts puritans established Harvard college. which train local boys

for ministry. [In 1963, Virginians establish their first college, William and Mary. ]2) Puritans ran their own churches, and democracy in Congregational church government led logically to democracy in political government.

a) the town meeting, in which freemen met together and each man voted, exhibited democracy in its purest form

The Meeting house was in the center of the town, it was the “life of the town. ”

LIFE IN

TH

E N

EW

EN

GLA

ND

TO

WN

S C

ON

T.

Harvard University was founded in 1636.

The Half- Way Covenant and the Salem Witch Trial

Worries plagued the God-fearing pioneers of these tidy new England Settlements. › about the middle of the seventeenth century

a new form of sermon began to be heard from puritans pulpits - the "jeremiad." earnest preachers scolded parishioners for their waning piety.

› in 1662 minister announced a new formula for church membership, the "half way covenant." it offered partial membership rights to people not yet converted.

TH

E H

ALF- W

AY C

OV

EN

AN

T A

ND

TH

E S

ALE

M W

ITCH

TR

IAL C

ON

T.

Definition of witch craft: As a metaphor for the often dangerously irrational urge to find a scapegoat

for social resentment.

Witchcraft persecution were common in Europe, and was breaking out in the colonies.

Reasons: › superstitions of the age› unsettled social and religious conditions of

rapidly evolving Massachusetts village. the accused witches was mostly from merchant

elites; their accusers came from ranks of the poorer family. Salem witch trial ended in 1693, when the governor was alarmed that his own wife was being accused of witchcraft.

TH

E N

EW

EN

GLA

ND

WAY O

F LIFE

1) Geography of New England Stony soil and sulfurous religion. Which made New England less ethnically mixed than its neighbors. Since the land was unattractive. Rivers were short and rapid. 2) the climate in New England was extreme: the summer was uncomfortably hot and winter cruelly cold. which encourage diversified agriculture and industry. a. Crops in the south did not

work in N.E. Black slavery was attempted but didn’t work. 3. The Europeans in New England chastised the Indians for “wasting” the land, and felt a need to clear as much land for use as possible.

a) introduction of livestock's => need for more

land. 4. They became expert in ship building and commerce. And also exploited codfish "the gold mines of New England." Fishing became a very popular industry.

“The Gold

Mines of New

England”

New Englanders prided themselves as God's Chosen people.

I come from the city of BostonThe home of the bean and the

codWhere the Cabot's speaks only

to LowellsAnd the Lowells speak only to

God.

The Early Settlers' days and ways Early farmers usually rose at dawn and

went to bed at dusk.› a) Few events were done during the night

unless they were “worth the candle.” Life was humble but comfortable, at

least in accordance to the surroundings.› Women, slave or free tended to domestic duties.

While Men did outside jobs concerning the land and farm. Children helped with both jobs and picked up schooling as needed.

› Land was relatively cheap.› People enjoyed wealth and security. › Most of the Europeans that migrate to the New

World was mostly middle class, and some indentured servants.

Because of the general sameness of class in America, laws against extravagances were sometimes passed, but as time passed, America grew.

They planted in the spring

Tend their

crops in the

summer

Harvest in the fall

Prepared in the

winter to being the

cycle anew.

The majority of colonist were farmers.