The american jewish_committee-28th_report-1935-174pgs-rel

THE AMERICANJEWISH COMMITTEE

TWENTY-EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT

NEW YORK1935

f8I

.ACADEMY TRESS

NEW YORK

Objects of the Committee"The objects of this corporation shall be, to prevent

the infraction of the civil and religious rights of Jews,in any part of the world ; to render all lawful assistanceand to take appropriate remedial action in the event ofthreatened or actual invasion or restriction of such rights,or of unfavorable discrimination with respect thereto ; tosecure for Jews equality of economic, social and educa-tional opportunity ; to alleviate the consequences of perse-cution and to afford relief from calamities affecting Jews,wherever they may occur ; and to compass these ends toadminister any relief fund which shall come into its pos-session or which may be received by it, in trust or other-wise, for any of the aforesaid objects or for purposescomprehended therein ."

-Extract from the Charter.

CONTENTS

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OFFICERS AND EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE 7

TWENTY-EIGHTH ANNUAL MEETING 11

ANNUAL REPORT OF EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE 27

I. THE JEWISH SITUATION IN GERMANY TODAY 27

II . OTHER CENTERS OF INTEREST ABROAD

Austria 37

Poland 39

Danzig 44

Saar Basin 44

Switzerland 45

Roumania 46

Latvia 47

South Africa 47

Latin American Countries 48

Canada 48

Anti-Jewish Agitation in Salonica 49

Russia 49

III. DOMESTIC MATTERS

Anti-Jewish Agitation in the United States 53

Educational Activities 57

Immigration 59

Complaints of False Charges 62

The Osman Case 63

ADDRESS OF NEVILLE LASKI, ESQ ., K.C103

ACT OF INCORPORATION AND BY-LAWS113

LIST OF CORPORATE MEMBERS BY CLASSES123

ALPHABETICAL LIST OF CORPORATE MEMBERS135

SUSTAINING MEMBERS AND CONTRIBUTORS145

CONTRIBUTING ORGANIZATIONS181

LEGACIES 185

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The American Jewish Year Book 63

Saturday Sessions in New Jersey NormalSchools 64

Objectionable Motion Pictures 65

Cooperation With Other Organizations 65

The Proposed World Jewish Congress 67

REPORT ON ORGANIZATION MATTERS

1. Necrology 77

2. The Executive Committee 78

3 . Corporate Membership 79

4. Activities of Field Representative 865. Regional Conferences and Chicago

Meeting 87

6. State Advisory Councils 88

7. Change of Date of Annual Meeting 88

REPORT OF THE TREASURER 91Appendix : Report of the Auditor 94

OFFICERS AND EXECUTIVE COMMITTEEOfficers

President, CYRUS ADLERHonorary Vice-President, ABRAM I. ELKUS

Vice-Presidents j IRVING LEHMAN1 Louis E . KIRSTEIN

Treasurer, SAMUEL D. LEIDESDORF

Executive CommitteeCYRUS ADLER (1937)*Philadelphia, Pa .JAMES H. BECKER (1937)Chicago, Ill .DAVID M. BRESSLER (1937)New York, N . Y .FRED M. BUTZEL (1938)Detroit, Mich.JAMES DAVIS (1938)Chicago, Ill.ABRAM I. ELKUS (1937)New York, N. Y.ELI FRANK (1937)Baltimore, Md.HAROLD HIRSCH (1938)Atlanta, Ga .HENRY ITTLESON (1937)New York, N. Y .LOUIS E. KIRSTEIN (1938)Boston, Mass .ALBERT D. LASKER (1937)Chicago, Ill .FRED LAZARUS, JR. (1938)Columbus, O .IRVING LEHMAN (1938)New York, N. YSAMUEL D. LEEDESDORF (1938)New York, N. Y .JAMES MARSHALL (1936)New York, N. Y .GEORGE Z. MEDALIE (1938)New York, N. Y.JULIUS L. MEIER (1937)Portland, Ore .JOSEPH M. PROSKAUER (1936)New York, N. Y.A . C. RATSHESKY (1936)Boston, Mass .MILTON J. ROSENAU (1938)Boston, Mass.JAMES N. ROSENBERG (1936)New York, N. Y.SAMUEL I. RoSENMAN (1936)New York, N. Y .LESSING J. ROSENWALD (1936)Philadelphia, Pa..RALPH J. SCHWARZ (1938)New Orleans, La.HORACE STERN (1937),Philadelphia, Pa..ROGER W. STRAUS (1936)New York, N. Y.LEWIS L. STRAUSS (1930New York, N. Y.SOL. M. STROOCK (1937hatrmlfriNew York, N. Y.FELIX M. WARBURG (1936)New York, N . Y .MORRIS WOLF (1936)Philadelphia, Pa.

SecretaryMORRIS D. WALDMANAssistant Secretary

HARRY SCHNEIDERMAN171 Madison Avenue, N . E . Cor. 33rd Street

New York CityCable Address, "WISHCOM, New York ."

:The year given after each name is the date on which the mem-ber's term expires .

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Twenty-EighthAnnual Meeting

Twenty-Eighth Annual MeetingJANUARY 6, 1935

The Twenty-Eighth Annual Meeting of the AmericanJewish Committee was held at the Hotel Astor, New YorkCity, on Sunday, January 6, 1935 . Dr. Cyrus Adler,President, called the meeting to order .

The following Corporate Members were present :

Community Representatives

CONNECTICUT

Hartford : Isidore Wise

FLORIDA

Jacksonville : Morton R. Hirschberg

ILLINOISChicago : James Becker ; Bernard Horwich

MARYLANDBaltimore : A. Ray Katz

MASSACHUSETTSBoston : Felix VorenbergSomerville : Hyman J. RouttenbergSpringfield : Henry Lasker

NEW JERSEY

Atlantic City : Joseph B. PerskieCamden : Benjamin NatalTrenton : Phillip Forman

NEW YORK

Brooklyn : William Liebermann ; Hugh Grant StrausBuffalo : Eugene Warner ; Herman Wile

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The American Jewish Committee

Elmira : Benjamin F . Levy

New York : Ben Altheimer ; Simon Bergman ; HermanBernstein ; David M. Bressler ; David A. Brown ;William Fischman ; Norman S. Goetz ; Samuel H .Goldenson ; Henry S. Hendricks ; Henry Ittleson ;Arthur K. Kuhn ; Arthur M. Lamport ; IrvingLehman ; Solomon Lowenstein ; Julian W. Mack ;James Marshall ; Alexander Marx ; George Z .Medalie ; I. D. Morrison ; Joseph M. Proskauer ;Harold Riegelman ; Bernard Semel ; Fred M . Stein ;I. M. Stettenheim ; Lewis L. Strauss ; Sol M. Stroock ;Felix M. Warburg ; Ralph Wolf

Rochester : Henry M. Stern

Syracuse : Benjamin Stolz

White Plains : P. Irving Grinberg

PENNSYLVANIAPhiladelphia : Cyrus Adler ; Justin P. Allman ; Jacob

Billikopf ; B. L. Levinthal ; Victor Rosewater ; HoraceStern

VIRGINIARichmond : Edward N. Calisch

Members-at-LargeLouis Bamberger, Newark ; Eli Frank, Baltimore ; Her-

bert J. Hannoch, Newark ; Louis E. Kirstein, Boston ;Fred Lazarus, Jr ., Columbus ; Samuel D. Leidesdorf,New York City ; Charles J. Liebman, New York City ;Henry Morgenthau, Sr., New York City ; ReubenOppenheimer, Baltimore ; Lessing J. Rosenwald,Philadelphia ; Morris Rothenberg, New York City ;Henry Wineman, Detroit .

Twenty-Eighth Annual Meeting

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Delegates from Organizations

B'RITH SHOLOM : William M. Lewis .CONFERENCE COMMITTEE OF NATIONAL JEWISH

WOMEN'S ORGANIZATIONS : Estelle M. Sternberger.COUNCIL OF YOUNG ISRAEL AND YOUNG ISRAEL SYNA-

GOGUE ORGANIZATIONS : Edward S. Silver .

HADASSAH : Mrs. David de Sola Pool .HEBREW SHELTERING AND IMMIGRANT AID SOCIETY OF

AMERICA : John L. Bernstein, Abraham Herman,Jacob Massel, Albert Rosenblatt .

INDEPENDENT ORDER B'RITH ABRAHAM : Leon Sanders,

Max L. Hollander .INDEPENDENT ORDER FREE SONS OF ISRAEL : Simon M .

Goldsmith.NATIONAL COUNCIL OF JEWISH WOMEN : Mrs. Maurice

L. Goldman .UNION OF ORTHODOX JEWISH CONGREGATIONS OFAMERICA : Benjamin Koenigsberg .

UNITED ROUMANIAN JEWS OF AMERICA : A. D. Bra-ham, Herman Speier.

UNITED SYNAGOGUE OF AMERICA : Louis J. Moss .WOMEN'S BRANCH OF THE UNION OF ORTHODOX JEW-

ISH CONGREGATIONS OF AMERICA : Mrs. Joseph M .

Asher .WOMEN'S LEAGUE OF THE UNITED SYNAGOGUE OF

AMERICA : Mrs. Moses Hyamson, Mrs . Samuel

Spiegel, Miss Sarah Kussy .

There were also present the following Sustaining Mem-bers and other guests

Leo M. Abrahams, East Orange, N . J . ; Mrs. Cyrus

Adler, Philadelphia, Pa . ; N . H. Adler, Brooklyn ;

14 The American Jewish Committee

Joseph Abramow, New York ; Manfred Ambrose,New York ; Miss Tamah Axel, New York.

Theodore Badman, New York ; Clarence G. Bachrach,Brooklyn ; Herman Baerwald, New York ; Mrs. PaulBaerwald, New York ; Miss Pauline Baerwald, NewYork ; Salo W. Baron, New York ; David B. Baum,New York ; Mrs. James Becker, Chicago, Ill . ; N .Henry Beckman, Cincinnati, Ohio ; S. Benderley,New York ; Robert M . Benjamin, New York ; OlieBerger, Providence, R. I . ; Bruno Berk, Newark,N. J. ; Irving Berkelhammer, New York ; ArthurD. Berliss, New York ; Israel Berman, New York ;Henry J. Bernheim, New York ; Ludwig B. Bernstein,Pittsburgh, Pa . ; Miss Adele Bildersee, Brooklyn ;Meier Bloch, Brooklyn ; Herman W. Block, NewYork ; Meyer Bloomfield, New York ; E. M. Blue-stone, New York ; William Blumstein, New York ;Harris Bornstein, Bayonne, N . J . ; Carl Boschwitz,New York ; William G. Braude, Providence, R . I . ;I. L. Brill, New York ; Charles A. Brodek, NewYork ; Simon S. Brone, Allentown, Pa. ; Edward H .Burger, New York .

Ephraim Caplan, Brooklyn ; Emanuel Celler, Brooklyn ;Miss Emily P. Cohen, New York ; J . Solis Cohen, Jr .,Philadelphia, Pa. ; Morris R. Cohen, New York ;Irving Ben Cooper, New York ; Philip Cowen, NewYork.

Walter Derenberg, New York.Hyman Ehrlich, Philadelphia, Pa . ; Mrs. Joseph H. Ehr-

lich, Detroit, Mich. ; Miss Alice R. Emanuel, NewYork ; Felix M. Erlanger, New York ; Sydney B .Erlanger, New York .


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Leon Falk, Jr., Pittsburgh, Pa. ; Louis A. Falk, JerseyCity, N . J . ; Myron Falk, Jr., New York ; Ernst H .Feilchenfeld, New York ; B. G. Feinberg, New York ;A. Feit, Brooklyn ; A. S. Freed, New York; E. D .Friedman, New York ; Elisha M. Friedman, NewYork ; Miss Ruby Frisch, New York ; W. F. Fuerst,New York ; Mrs. Felix Fuld, South Orange, N . J .

Joseph Galef, New York ; Howard S. Gans, New York ;Mrs. Howard S. Gans, New York ; Jacob Ginsberg,Philadelphia, Pa. ; Harry L. Glucksman, New York ;S. Herbert Golden, New York ; Samuel Goldhamer,Cleveland, Ohio ; Israel M. Goldman, Providence, R.I . ; William Goldmann, New York ; Sidney Goldmann,Trenton, N. J . ; Lawrence Lyon Goldsmith, NewYork ; Nathan L. Goldstein, New York ; Moritz M .Gottlieb, Allentown, Pa . ; M. J. Greenebaum, NewYork ; Julian L. Greifer, Binghamton, N . Y . ; DavidGross, New York ; J. Gutman, Brooklyn .

Phillip W . Haberman, Jr ., New York ; Louis J . Halle,New York ; Miss Miriam Halperin, New York ; Mrs.M. H. Harris, New York ; William M . H. Harris,New York ; Benjamin A . Hartstein, New York ;Isaac S . Heller, New York ; Richard Heller, NewYork ; Edward Herbert, New York ; Isidore Hersh-field, Washington, D . C . ; Mrs. Joseph Herzog, NewYork ; Miss Rose A. Herzog, New York ; Samuel A .Herzog, New York ; Mrs. Siegmund Herzog, Cleve-land, Ohio ; Maurice B . Hexter, New York ; CaesarHirsch, New York ; Sidney Hollander, Baltimore ;Jacob E. Holzman, New York ; Louis Horwitz,Brooklyn ; Henry Hurwitz, New York ; M. Hyamson,New York ; Edwin M . Hydeman, New York ; George

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M. Hyman, Syracuse, N . Y. ; J. C. Hyman, NewYork .

I. Isaacs, Wilkes-Barre, Pa .Mendel Jacobi, Brooklyn ; A. L. Jaffe, Brooklyn ; Isaac

Jaffe, New York ; Jacob Joseph, Philadelphia, Pa .Bernhard Kahn, New York ; Ernst Kahn, New York ;M. J. Karpf, New York ; David Kass, New York ;Alfred B. Kastor, New York ; A. D. Katcher, NewYork ; Franz Katz, New York ; Koerner,Washington, D . C . ; Edgar J. Kohler, New York ;Alfred E. Kornfeld, New York ; William Kosh-land, New York ; Paul Kulick, Schenectady, N . Y.

S. C. Lamport, New York ; Saul J. Lance, New York ;Henry Landau, New York ; Jacob Landau, NewYork ; Sidney Lansburgh, Baltimore, Md . ; J. Larus,New York ; Mrs. Henry Lasker, Springfield, Mass . ;Morris S. Lazaron, Baltimore, Md . ; Edward H.Lebovsky, Watertown, N. Y. ; Irving LeRoy, NewYork ; I. Harris Levy, New York ; Max Levy, PortRichmond, N. Y. ; Reuben H. Levy, Kingston, Pa . ;Sanford Levy, New York ; T. A. Levy, Syracuse, N .Y. ; Warren Levy, Madison, Wisc. ; Max Lewy, NewYork ; S . Lipschitz, New York ; Herman Lissner,New York, Mrs. Morris Loeb, New York ; Ira Loew,Lynn, Mass . ; Samuel Lonschein, New York ; M .Lurie, Brooklyn.

Frank MacDonald, New York ; William J. Mack, NewYork ; William S. Malin, Jamaica, N . Y. ; MorrisManges, New York ; Arnold D. Margolin, Brooklyn ;Mrs. Benjamin Marshall, New York ; Jacob Mayer,Easton, Pa . ; Mrs. George Z. Medalie, New York ;Philip Meirowitz, New York ; Mrs. Mortimer M.

Menken, New York ; David Metzger, New York ;Morris Michtam, Brooklyn ; L. Minsky, New York ;Henry Moskowitz, New York ; H. L. Moses, NewYork ; Sol Mutterperl, New York ; Mrs. Sol Mutter-perl, New York ; Mrs. Florence B . Meyers, Albany,N. Y.

Mrs. Clarence S. Nathan, New York ; Edgar J . Nathan,Jr., New York ; Mrs. Henry Necarsulmer, NewYork ; Henry Necarsulmer, New York ; Edward A .Norman, New York.

Alfred M. Oppenheimer, Pittsburgh, Pa . ; Simon E .Osserman, New York.

Herbert Parzen, Jackson Heights, N. Y . ; Eugene H .Paul, Brooklyn ; Kurt Peiser, Detroit, Michigan ;Abraham E. Pinanski, Brookline, Mass . ; Mrs. Fran-cis D. Pollak, New York ; Samuel Price, Springfield,Mass . ; Frank J . Prince, New York .

Theodore Racoosin, New York ; Moses Ramrus, Brook-lyn, N. Y . ; Sidney Reisman, Pelham Manor, N . Y . ;Hyman J. Reit, New York ; Harry R. Richmond,Wichita, Kans . ; L. Rittenberg, New York ; Joseph A .Rosen, New York ; Mrs. Henry Rosenberg, NewYork ; Miss Minnie Rosenberg, New York ; Mrs . CeliaRosenbloom, New York ; Philip Rosenblum, Brook-lyn, New York ; Joseph Rosenzweig, New York ; Mrs .Joseph Rosenzweig, New York ; Miss M. Ross, NewYork ; Louis Rudner, Trenton, N . J .

Manuel S. Sachs, New Haven, Conn . ; Alexander N .Sack, New York ; Rudolph Sanders, Brooklyn, N . Y . ;Miss Eleanor Saymon, Brooklyn, N . Y . ; I. Saymon,Brooklyn, N. Y. ; Mrs. Ray F. Schwartz, New York ;S. Seiferheld, New York ; B. Selekman, Boston,

A

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Mass . ; M. Senderowitz, Jr ., Allentown, Pa . ; Mrs .Belle Sessler, New York ; E. L. Shaffer, Trenton,N. J . ; David Shapiro, New York ; Isaac Siegel, NewYork ; Maurice J. Sievers, Cincinnati, 0. ; L. S. Sil-berberg, Niagara Falls, N. Y . ; Jacob Silverblatt,Wilkes-Barre, Pa . ; Joshua Silverstein, New York ;Ralph Silverstein, New York ; Harry Silverstone,Bridgeport, Conn . ; Mrs. Harry Silverstone, Bridge-port, Conn . ; Lionel J. Simmonds, New York ; Mur-ray Simons, New York ; Henry B. Singer, NewYork ; Joseph Sinsheimer, New York ; John Slawson,New York ; B . J. Smith, Scranton, Pa . ; P. Smoller,Springfield, 0 . ; A. Sokolski, New York ; Miss ElviraN. Solis, New York ; J. Solis-Cohen, Jr., Philadelphia,Pa. ; Nathaniel Spear, Jr., New York ; Harry Starr,New York ; Milton S. Steiner, New York ; NathanStern, New York ; Samuel H. Sternberg, New York ;Isaac Stone, Cleveland, 0 . ; Isaac Strahl, New York ;B. A. Stroock, Newburgh, N . Y . ; Mrs . Sol M.Stroock, New York ; Charles Sufrin, New York ;Arthur Hays Sulzberger, New Yoi k ; Mrs. Cyrus L.Sulzberger, New York ; Mrs. Leo Sulzberger, NewYork ; Paul Summerfield, Providence, R . I . ; NathanSweedler, Brooklyn, N . Y.

A . B. Tart, New York ; J. Garfield Trager, Scarsdale,N. Y. ; Max R. Traurig, Waterbury, Conn . ; GeorgeTrosk, New York.

Arthur Van Raalte, New York ; Hiram N. Vineberg,New York .

J. M. Wachmann, New York ; Martin Wechsler, Brook-lyn, N. Y. ; Frank M. Weil, New York ; Martin Weil,New York ; Mark Weinbaum, New York ; Morris


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Weinberg, Brooklyn, New York ; Miss Joyce Weiner,New York ; Jacob J. Weinstein, New York; WilliamWeiss, New York ; Charles Weissman, Wilkes-Barre,Pa . ; Joseph Willen, New York ; Mrs. Wolfe Wolfin-sohn, New York.

Alfred Yankauer, New York .Max Zigun, Bridgeport, Conn . ; Morris Zigun, Bridge-

port, Conn.

The following guests attended the annual meeting asobservers for the organizations indicated :ALPHA OMEGA FRATERNITY : Samuel BirenbachALUMNI ASSOCIATION-HEBREW UNION COLLEGE :William Rosenblum

AMERICAN ACADEMY FOR JEWISH RESEARCH : HarryA. Wolfson

DROPSIE COLLEGE ALUMNI : Samuel NirensteinJEWISH WAR VETERANS : William BermanNATIONAL FEDERATION OF JEWISH MEN'S CLUBS OFTHE UNITED SYNAGOGUE OF AMERICA : TheodoreCharnas

NATIONAL FEDERATION OF TEMPLE SISTERHOODS : Mrs .Albert J. May

PHI LAMBDA KAPPA FRATERNITY : J. Allen YagerPI TAU Pi FRATERNITY : I . Edward TonkonSIGMA ALPHA Mu FRATERNITY : James HammersteinSIGMA TAU PHI FRATERNITY : George E. Braham

Presentation of Annual ReportThe President presented the report of the Executive

Committee for the past year.Mr. Benjamin Stolz of Syracuse moved the adoption of

the following resolution : "That the report of the Executive

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Committee be adopted, and that the corporate members ofthe American Jewish Committee here assembled approvethe policies and methods pursued by the Executive Com-mittee, as outlined in its report, commend in particular itspolicy of cooperation with other organizations, and expresstheir profound appreciation and thanks for the unselfishand devoted efforts evidenced by the members of the Ex-ecutive Committee."Mr. Benjamin Natal of Camden, N. J., moved that the

resolution be amended to include the express approval ofthe attitude of the Executive Committee toward the pro-posed world Jewish congress and a p?edge on the part ofthe membership to cooperate with the Committee in carry-ing into effect the policy recommended in the report ofthe Committee .Mr. Stolz stated that, although his resolution included

approval of this policy, yet he was willing to accept Mr .Natal's amendment.

The resolution, as amended, was thereupon put to a voteand unanimously adopted .

Address by Neville Laski, Esq .Mr. Neville Laski, President of the Board of Deputies

of British Jews and co-Chairman of the joint ForeignCommittee, London, who was on a visit to the UnitedStates, addressed the meeting . The full text of Mr .Laski's address is given on pp . 103-110 below .

Afternoon SessionAt the request of Dr. Adler, Judge Irving Lehman, a

vice president of the Committee, presided at the afternoonsession of the meeting .


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Report of the Treasurer

Mr. Samuel D. Leidesdorf, the Treasurer, presented areport of the financial condition of the Committee, whichwas unanimously accepted. This report is appended.

Report of Nominating Committee

The President announced that, in pursuance of the usualpractice, he had, in advance of this meeting, appointed acommittee to nominate successors to the officers and tothose members of the Executive Committee whose termsexpire at this meeting. The nominating committee con-sisted of the following : Mr. Roger W. Straus, of NewYork City, Chairman ; and Messrs. Simon Bergman, NewYork City ; A. J. Dimond, East Orange ; Sol Kline, Chica-go ; Joseph B . Perskie, Atlantic City ; and Ralph J .Schwarz, New Orleans .

On behalf of Roger W. Straus, chairman, who could notattend this meeting, Mr . Lewis L . Strauss presented thefollowing report

For members of the Executive Committee, to servefor three years, we recommend that the following, whoseterms expire today, be re-elected

Fred M. Butzel

Fred Lazarus, Jr .James Davis

Irving LehmanHarold Hirsch

Samuel D. LeidesdorfLouis E. Kirstein

Milton J. Rosenau

Ralph J. Schwarz

For membership on the Executive Committee to suc-ceed the late Max J . Kohler, Mr . George Z. Medalie, ofNew York City .

For officers, we recommend the re-election of thepresent incumbents, namely, for President, Cyrus Adler ;


for Honorary Vice-President, Abram I. Elkus ; forVice-Presidents, Irving Lehman and Louis E. Kirstein ;for Treasurer, Samuel D . Leidesdorf .

With regard to the twenty additional places which willbe created by the enlargement of the Executive Commit-tee, should the recommendation for amending the by-laws to provide for such enlargement be ratified and theenlargement be authorized by the amendment of thecharter of the Committee by the Legislature of the Stateof New York, the nominating committee recommendsthat it remain in office until after such amendment of theby-laws and the charter, and that it shall thereupon holda meeting, or meetings, and submit to the ExecutiveCommittee recommendations for the filling of the newplaces on the Executive Committee, and that the Execu-tive Committee shall be vested with power to elect per-sons so recommended, provided, however, that such per-sons shall serve as members of the Executive Committeeonly until the next meeting of the corporate membership,but, in any case, not later than the next Annual Meeting .It was regularly moved and seconded that the Secretary

be requested to cast one ballot for the nominees of thecommittee for nominations, which he did, and announcedthe election of the several nominees .

Upon motion, duly seconded, the recommendation of thenominating committee regarding the election of additionalmembers to the Executive Committee was unanimouslyadopted .

Membership-at-LargeUpon motion, duly seconded, the Secretary was re-

quested to cast one ballot for the nominees for member-ship-at-large suggested by the Executive Committee in its


Annual Report, which he did, and announced the electionof the several nominees .

Report on Organization MattersOn behalf of the Executive Committee, Mr. Morris D .

Waldman, Secretary, presented the report on organizationmatters, which is printed on pp . 77 to 88, below .

Upon motion, duly seconded, this report was accepted .

Amendment of the By-Laws

Upon motion, duly made and seconded, the recommen-dation of the Executive Committee for amendments to theBy-Laws, providing for an increase in the membership ofthe Executive Committee, and for change in the date ofthe Annual Meeting, was unanimously agreed to .

Memorial ResolutionsUpon motion, duly made and seconded, resolutions

adopted by the Executive Committee in memory of de-ceased members were unanimously approved by a risingvote.

Upon motion, duly made and seconded, the followingresolution in memory of the late Baron Edmond de Roths-child of France, was unanimously adopted

The American Jewish Committee shares with theJewish Communities throughout the world the great lossthat they have suffered in the passing of Baron Edmondde Rothschild. His generosity in laying the foundationof the first substantial colonies for the Jews in Palestinewas inspired by an earnest desire to give thousands ofthe distressed members of the Jewish community anopportunity to reconstruct their lives and their careersunder more favorable conditions .

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The realization that the various deeds he performedfor the Jew reflected his deep love for his co-religionists,gained for him the deep affection of his people .

The breadth of sympathy that characterized all of hisendeavors and interests was further illustrated by theassistance he extended and the ample provision he madefor Jewish learning and for scientific purposes .

The notable achievements for the benefit of his fellowJews, will remain a permanent record in Jewish historyand his munificent gifts to science and art and to the de-velopment of general culture will be remembered byposterity with grateful appreciation .

The American Jewish Committee tenders to the fam-ily of Baron Edmond de Rothschild its deep sympathy .Upon motion, adjourned .

MORRIS D. WALDMAN

Secretary.

Annual Report

of

The Executive Committee

Annual Report of the ExecutiveCommittee

To the Members o f the American Jewish Committee :

The situation of our brethren in Germany and its reper-cussions in other countries, especially our own, continueto be the chief concern of your Executive Committee . Themany problems presented are carefully studied andearnestly discussed with a view to initiating action whichmay lead to their solution, and frequent meetings of yourCommittee are held for these purposes . In addition theofficers and the executive staff confer with the many in-dividuals and groups who, in the course of the year, comewith constructive suggestions . Our underlying principlecontinues to be, as in the past, to do only the things which,in the considered opinion of your Committee, will, directlyor indirectly, help our fellow-Jews in Germany, and whichwill strengthen the capacity of the Jews in the UnitedStates, to help the Jews of Germany and those of suchother countries as have been adversely affected by thepernicious influence of Nazi false doctrines .

I. THE JEWISH SITUATION IN GERMANYTODAY

Contrary to some reports and rumors, there has notbeen any improvement in the situation of the Jews of Ger-many . Indeed, the events of the past year show that themen now in control of the government are determined togo forward with the completion of the program begun inApril 1933, of degrading the Jews and Christians of Jew-ish descent to a status beneath that of aliens .

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Since the last annual meeting in December 1933, theonly important so-called "legislation" was the publicationjust a year ago of a new labor law, abolishing the entirebody of labor legislation enacted under the Empire and theRepublic, dissolving labor unions, prohibiting strikes andlockouts, and vesting dictatorial powers in district trustees,whose decisions are final in all labor questions and dis-putes . Though not discriminating specifically as againstJews, the new law provides that only members of theGerman Labor Front, an exclusively so-called "Aryan"body of employers and workers, may be appointed hon-orary labor representatives in commercial and industrialenterprises .

Subsequent to the promulgation of this edict no legisla-tion of any importance has been announced, but there havebeen many judicial decisions and administrative regula-tions which indicate that the edicts which have been placedon Germany's statute books are regarded by the courtsand the administrative authorities as so many general sug-gestions whose application is left entirely to the resource-fulness and ingenuity of the judicial and executive organs .In the current volume of the American Jewish Year Book,no less than 30 pages are given over to a list of events se-lected from many, which show more vividly than anygeneral description the direction which the maltreatmentof Jews, and other so-called "non-Aryans," is taking .These events included such humiliating actions as requir-ing Jewish students at universities to procure registrationcards of a special color ; legalizing the cancellation by pub-lishers of contracts with Jewish authors ; prohibiting Jew-ish doctors and dentists, in cities of 100,000 or over,without excepting war veterans, from employment by

Report o f Executive Committee

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health insurance panels ; prohibiting Jewish law studentsfrom serving the apprenticeship required of all applicantsfor admission to the bar ; discharging all Jewish employeesof the railroad administration ; excluding Jewish medicalstudents from clinics ; introducing a numerus clausus forJews in schools of art, music, pedagogy and social service ;forcing Jewish children to give the Hitler salute whenteachers enter or leave classrooms ; permitting employersto dismiss employees solely on the ground that they areJews ; abolishing pensions for retired rabbis ; raiding head-quarters of Jewish organizations ; forcing Jewish high-school students to attend lectures on "racial science" whichteaches inferiority of Jews ; forbidding Jewish youth or-ganizations to wear any kind of uniform ; circulating song-books for children containing such titles as "Death toJudah," "March to Berlin to Make Jews Feel OurStrength," and "Hitler is the Germans' Protector Againstthe Jews" ; and many others .

These harassing restrictions apply chiefly to Jews inprofessional and academic fields. But Jews engaged inbusiness were also maltreated and abused . This is shownby the many appeals by Nazis leaders, from Hitler down,instructing their followers not to interfere with businessenterprises in the hands of Jews . It is clear, however,from the fact that such appeals are frequently repeated,that the more rabid National Socialists still have the upperhand in this respect, that such interference is going oncontinually, and that the government cannot effectivelycheck it without embarking upon a policy which would bein direct opposition to a tremendous number of their fol-lowing, who had been prepared for such anti-Jewish tacticsby thirteen years of persistent agitation .

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Such agitation shows no signs of abatement . It is in-dulged in by the heads of the government who avail them-selves of every opportunity to heap slurs and abuse on theJews of Germany and on Jews everywhere else . Manynewspapers continue to publish defamatory articles of amost virulent type . The leaders in this chorus of scurrilityare those papers which were or are still the personal mouth-pieces of the Nazi leaders-the Voelkischer Beobachter,formerly edited by Hitler ; the Angriff, edited by Goebbels ;the Westdeutscher Beobachter, edited by Robert Ley, thehead of the German Labor Front ; and Der Stuermer andthe Fraenkische Tageszeitung, edited by Julius Streicher,Governor of Middle and Lower Franconia . Besides theharangues of officials and the outbursts of the press, thehue and cry against the Jews is taken up by an army ofwriters through a flood of pamphlets and books in whichJews are held up to scorn, ridicule, and obloquy .

A few illustrations will serve to show the content andshamelessness of this propaganda . Early in November1934, in a speech in Weimar, Adolf Hitler declared thathe rejoiced that the 60,000 refugees, to whom he referredas criminals, are out of Germany, and expressed the hopethat many more will follow . Later in the same month,in an address before the newly-created National HealthCommittee, Dr. Wilhelm Frick, Minister of the Interior,declared it to be the duty of the members to purify theGerman nation of Jewish blood mixture, through strictadherence to "racial" principles . In December, the Min-istry of the Interior issued a press statement explainingthat the German race policy aims only at Jews and not atJapanese or Hindus, which were styled "ancient nations ofhigh culture." In extending New Year's greetings to thereaders of Der Stuermer . Streicher expressed the hope

Report of Executive Committee

31

that the year 1934 would see the annihilation of the Jews .In January 1934, in a public address in Upper Silesia,Franz von Papen, then Vice Chancellor, declared thatGermany intends to proceed with the racial policy and "tomake Jews disappear from public life in Germany ." Abouta week later, the same thought was expressed, in a news-paper article, by Wilhelm Kube, former leader of the Nazifaction in the Prussian Diet, now governor of Branden-burg. A few days later, in characteristically intemperatelanguage, Julius Streicher urged a boycott of not onlybusinesses owned by Jews, but also those formerly ownedby Jews and transferred to non-Jews, even if such a boy-cott should result in further unemployment . In Febru-ary, the Westdeutscher Beobachter, edited by Robert Ley,declared that so long as a single German remains unem-ployed, the entrance of Jews into agriculture is impossible .In April, in an article published in the journal of the Na-tional Socialist Jurists Association, Dr . R. Foerer, Directorof the Law Courts, advocated that permission to marrybe accorded to only "race-pure, healthy, full-fledged Ger-man citizens ."

Probably the most outrageous instance of anti-Jewishpropaganda during the year was the publication in May1934 of a special "Ritual Murder Number" of Der

Stuermer in which virtually the entire paper was givenover to articles on this infamous accusation, and chargesthat Jews are planning the most gruesome "ritual murder"of Hitler and his followers . These articles were adornedwith shamelessly indecent illustrations . This publication waspermitted to pass without a word of public rebuke from thegovernment, but when, in June, the Juedisches Famiilien-blatt published a special supplement refuting the ritual

32


murder accusations of Der Stuermer, the supplement wasconfiscated on the ground that it was likely to arouse dis-quiet among the population .

In the meantime, the legal status of the Jews and other"non-Aryans" remains undefined . Technically, insofar asthe so-called "Aryan paragraph" does not apply to them,members of these groups still retain the status of full-fledged citizens ; actually, however, they are deprived ofrights which are enjoyed even by aliens in all civilizedlands. That the government has been studying the subjectis indicated by statements made by officials or other per-sons close to the administration . Thus, in November 1933,Alfred Rosenberg, official philosopher of the Nazi move-ment, declared that the government will recognize theGerman Jews as a national minority when they are isolatedin a special territory within Germany-in other words,a ghetto. In January 1934, Helmut Nicolai, president ofthe Government of Magdeburg, published a scheme forcitizenship in the Nazi state in which he proposed thedivision of Germans into four groups : (1) full-blooded"Aryan" German citizens ; (2) foreigners residing in Ger-many ; (3) Germans residing abroad ; (4) German citi-zens of "alien" blood, particularly Jews, Poles and gypsiesof German citizenship who shall have protection of theGerman state but may not hold public office, marry"Aryans" or practice certain professions . It will be notedthat this plan, in which "German citizens of alien blood"are the lowest class, corresponds to the actual situation ofthe Jews of Germany who are excluded from publicoffice and from practically all professions .

The results of almost two years of this ruthless oppres-sion of the Jews are not as widely known as they deserve to


33

be. Announcements thus far made indicate that in South-ern Westphalia a total of 7,200, and in Prussia no lessthan 10,000 Jews who had been naturalized have been de-prived of their citizenship . Recently in a cabled newsdispatch to the New York Times, dated Berlin, Decem-ber 8, 1934, a comprehensive review was given of the socialand economic havoc which has come in the wake of theNazi anti-Jewish policies . The figures given are eitherestimates of the Central Committee for Relief and Recon-struction, established by the Jewish community, or officialgovernment statistics . Following is a bald outline of theappalling facts

Over 60,000 German Jews and from 25,000 to 30,000Jews of foreign nationality have left the country .

About 2,000 civil employees with academic preparationfor their callings, have been discharged .

About 4,000 Jews in various branches of the legal pro-fession have been ousted from this field .About 4,000 physicians have been excluded from the

health insurance service, from which 90% of Germanphysicians derive the bulk of their professional income .(The Central Committee estimates that 2,000 former phy-sicians are now dependent on charity .)The 10,500 Jews formerly engaged in public health and

social service have been deprived of their positions .No fewer than 800 college and university professors

have been ousted from their positions because they are"non-Aryans" ; of this number, 350 have been deprivedof all government aid since October 1, 1933 .

Of the 1,200 Jewish teachers in state elementary andsecondary schools, all but 300 have been dismissed .

With very few exceptions, all of the 1,200 Jewish jour-nalists and writers have been expelled from their positions .

34


About 2,000 Jewish actors, singers, and vaudeville ar-tists are excluded from employment .

Although the authorities have forbidden interferencewith the business of Jews, 30,000 of the 80,000 Jews em-ployed in business firms have lost their positions .

A total of 35,000 applications for employment were re-ceived by the Jewish employment bureau in Berlin, duringthe last three months of 1933, chiefly from former em-ployees of banks, business houses, and industries.

A total of 90,000 shopkeepers have applied for assistanceto the various Jewish economic aid bureaus .

Stupendous as this calamity is, the Jews of Germanyhave not allowed themselves to yield to despair . Dis-mayed and humiliated by the degradation to which theyhave been subjected, they are nevertheless endeavoring,with the traditional tenacity and fortitude of our peoplein the face of disaster to adjust themselves as much asconditions permit, to their new situation . They have set upa central representative body comprising departments forrelief, financial aid to businessmen, retraining of the un-employed for occupations which are not yet under the ban,the promotion of cultural activities, repatriation of foreignJews, emigration, and settlement in Palestine . The com-munity has found it necessary to establish a school systemof its own for the education of its children, for whomattendance at public schools is frequently made intoler-able. Already 15,000 of the 60,000 Jewish children ofelementary and secondary school age are being instructedin these schools which, incidentally, give employment to alarge number of the Jewish teachers ousted from theirpositions in the state schools .

In these efforts at adjustment, the Jewish communitydoes not always have the cooperation of the authorities .


35

Difficulties are encountered especially in efforts to trainJews for farm work. These are meeting vigorous oppo-sition from Nazi quarters . In November 1933, the MunichLand post, organ of Nazi peasants, printed a warning toJews not to train for agriculture because German soil be-longs to Germans only, and advised them to leave Germanyaltogether . A Jewish landowner in Mecklenburg, who em-ployed a number of young Jews, was arrested by theSecret Police and' only released when he undertook to dis-miss all these Jews . The Chamber of Agriculture for theProvince of Brandenburg has issued instructions to allpeasants that only "Aryans" are to be admitted for train-ing in land work. At Giessen in Hessen the peasantswere threatened that they would be boycotted if they didnot dismiss all the Jews whom they had in training .

Despite these difficulties, the Jews of Germany arecourageously proceeding in their efforts to adapt them-selves to the deplorable conditions which have been forcedupon them. And the only voice which condemns this un-precedented injustice is the voice of religion, expressed atgreat risk by courageous Protestant Ministers and RomanCatholic prelates.

As has already been reported to you, the AmericanJewish Committee has been watching events in Germanynot only during the recent crisis, but for a number ofyears preceding it. Several trips were made by trainedinvestigators and members of The American Jewish Com-mittee in 1928, 1929, 1930, 1931 and 1932 as well as inthe past year, 1934 . On a number of occasions theCommittee called special conferences to discuss the Ger-man situation . All along, your Committee has been inclose touch with the conditions and has corresponded and

36


met with the leaders of responsible Jewish organizationsof this country and abroad, in an effort to undertake usefulaction. Difficult as the situation is, the American JewishCommittee has brought its influence, and will continue todo so, in behalf of the harassed Jews of Germany .

II. OTHER CENTERS OF INTEREST ABROAD

Your Committee has followed with great concern thespread of anti-Jewish doctrines and the rise of anti-Jewishmovements in various countries. The advocates of theseprograms directed against the Jews have been stimulatedboth by the apparent success of the German National So-cialists in capturing political power and by the propagandabeing spread in many countries under the direction of theNazi foreign Propaganda Office . Even in Great Britain,the Black Shirts of Sir Oswald Mosley reached in Aprilwhat since has appeared to be the pinnacle of their successin attracting a crowd of 10,000 to a rally in Royal AlbertHall, London . Mosley declared that his movement ex-cluded the Jews "because as a class they are hostile to us ."As a result of the disgrace into which Hitlerism fell, fol-lowing the events of the "bloody week-end" of June 30,1934, and the withdrawal of the support of Lord Rother-mere's newspapers, the influence of Mosley's movementhas considerably declined .

But the effect of the National Socialist anti-Jewishpropaganda has been most heavily felt in those countriesadjacent to Germany which are inhabited' by German-speaking peoples and which therefore are considered ob-jects of her territorial expansion ; namely, Austria, Dan-zig, and the Saar Basin, and even Switzerland . It hasalso given fresh impetus to existing anti-Jewish agitation


37

in Poland, Roumania, and several other countries at con-siderable distances from Germany .

Austria

Austria, bound by ties of language and culture to Ger-many and suffering severe economic distress, has been thescene of serious struggles in which the welfare of the Jew-ish population was of great concern . Chancellor Dollfusshad, up to the time of his assassination, refused to allowNazi agitation against the Jewish merchants, professionalpeople, and students to go unchallenged . Although onSeptember 15th, 1933, he had outlined his plans for a"Christian-German state on Fascist lines," he gave un-equivocal assurances that there would be no discriminationagainst the Jews . Yet, there came not infrequent threatsto the alleged Jewish "domination" of Austria on the partof high government and Church officials, including judgeRanzenhoffer of the High Court . The timely warningfrom George H . Earle, then American Minister to Vienna,and public statements from certain Catholic bishops, aswell as Prince von Stahremberg, leader of the Heimwehr,tended to clear the atmosphere. However, early in thespring of 1934, came reports of open discrimination againstJewish doctors, radio artists, bank clerks, etc . ; and theserious economic situation of the Viennese Jews was re-vealed on Passover when 30,000 of the 100,000 Jewishfamilies in the city were forced to seek relief . AfterChancellor Dollfuss had been murdered by Austrian Nazisin an attempted revolution, Dr . Kurt Schuschnigg, Min-ister of Education in the Dollfuss Cabinet, was chosenChancellor .

Although Chancellor Schuschnigg's accession to power

38


left the Jewish community somewhat apprehensive be-cause of the growing strength of the Nazi movement, heproclaimed his desire to follow in the footsteps of hismartyred predecessor . In an interview in Geneva afterthe meeting of the League of Nations' Assembly, he de-clared

"There is equality for all according to their outward andinward attitude toward the State and society . Thus, re-ports of discriminatory treatment current abroad are nottrue. It is true, however, that the specific character ofthe Jewish question in Vienna is primarily due to thepolitical condition of the post-war naturalization system,strengthened by the Jewish influx from eastern Europe .As a consequence, there has been a certain reaction, butthe law protects all citizens equally if they are loyal ."

Nevertheless, since Chancellor Schuschnigg's accession,your Committee has been forced to take notice of the ap-parently growing discrimination against Jewish profes-sional men and business people which is expressed in prac-tice if not by legislation . Although the new regime issubject to the most intense pressure from National So-cialist circles, assurances have been given of the desire onthe part of the present government to safeguard an inde-pendent Austria . In spite of the disturbing reports ofvarious discriminations against Jews, we have very re-cently received somewhat reassuring advices from a highlyauthoritative and influential source which leads us to hopethat in spite of the Nazi pressure on the public authoritiesin that country, the position of the Jews will not be ad-versely affected . And, while recent reports of discrimina-tion at a Vienna Hochschule may justify some misgivings,the opinion prevails that such events are only single caseswhich will not permit generalization .


39

In the meantime, your Committee has endeavored tokeep in close touch both with Jewish and non-Jewish or-ganizations and individuals, has had a number of confer-ences on the subject, and has submitted its recom-mendations and proposals for the advice and considerationof the joint Council of the American Jewish Committee,the American Jewish Congress, and the B'nai B'rith .

Poland

The situation of the Jews in Poland has continued toengage your Committee's close attention. Early in July,the Secretary of the Committee paid a visit to that coun-try, and conferred with a number of leaders . His visitwas followed later in the summer by a visit of Mr . NevilleLaski, co-chairman of the joint Foreign Committee . ThePolish government had made strenuous efforts to preventthe violent agitation of the Endeks, (National DemocraticParty) a political party with an avowed anti-Jewish pro-gram. Despite the signing of a non-aggression pact withGermany, an act which was commonly regarded as sig-nifying a change in Polish foreign policy, the Nazi ex-ample was not followed by the Government . On February11, 1934, Bronislaw Pieracki, Minister of Interior, de-clared in the Sejm that the government would not tolerate"race and national conflicts because they are alien to thehistorical spirit of the Polish people ." Yet, the govern-ment was constantly subjected to the political influence ofthe anti-Jewish parties .

In the spring of 1934, the youthful elements in theEndeks organized a national radical party, known as theNara, demanding immediate elimination of Jews fromcitizenship and professional and public life . This intense

The Anwrican Jewish Committee

propaganda and agitation resulted in the assassination onJune 15, o f Colonel Bronislaw Pieracki who had opposedthe growth of anti-Semitism. Wholesale arrests of theNara leaders followed, and the government suppressed theNara movement and forbade the publication of its officialorgan .

The desperate economic condition of the Polish Jews isground for profound anxiety . In a memorandum sub-mitted to the Government, the Jewish Economic Com-mittee of Warsaw declared that between 60 and 80 percent of Jewish workers are unemployed, 200,000 Jewishfamilies are living below the poverty line, 100,000 Jewishfamilies are utterly destitute ; and Jewish professionalpeople are finding it increasingly difficult to earn a liveli-hood. In an address to the Central Organization of JewishMerchants in Warsaw, last April, one of the Jewish leadersdeclared that 75% of the Jews living in small towns arenear starvation .

The foreign policy of Poland has undergone substantialchange during the past year . It appears now that she ispursuing a policy independent of France, her supposedally. The non-aggression pact with Germany has alreadybeen referred to . However, the Committee has been as-sured by high officials of the Polish government that thisdoes not imply an acceptance of the domestic policies ofthe National Socialist government, or sympathy with itsaims, any more than Poland's treaty with Soviet Russiawould signify an acceptance of her form of government .And yet, when during the sessions of the League Assemblyin September, Foreign Minister Beck announced that

"Pending the bringing into force of a general anduniform system for the protection of minorities, mygovernment finds itself compelled to refuse as from


41

today all cooperation with international organizations inthe matter of supervision of the application by Polandof a system of minority protection,"

fears were expressed that the Jewish minority in Polandwould suffer . However, assurances were given that thisdeclaration was in no wise directed against them . PolishJewish leaders and newspapers expressed regret at the lossof this safeguard and symbol, although they generallyagreed that in practice it had meant little . As a matter offact, however, the Jews of Poland do enjoy many rightswhich were denied them under the Tsarist government,and the great problem of the Jewish minority is an eco-nomic and social, rather than a legal, one . For manymonths past there have been frequent reports of the dis-tressing economic conditions of the Jewish population ofPoland and severe criticism of the Polish government,charging that the government not only has failed to im-prove their conditions but has actually pursued a deliberatepolicy of discrimination against the Jews . Complaints ofthe same tenor were submitted by some Jewish deputiesin the Polish Parliament who have called attention to theexcessively disproportionate burden of taxation placedupon the urban population, of which the Jews constitutea high percentage . Strictures have also been made at thegovernment's failure to employ Jews in its service and ingovernment industrial monopolies .

Though the Polish government has failed to satisfy themajor complaints of the Jewish citizenry, a more searchingstudy of the Polish Jewish problem should be made, and afuller realization of the complexities involved should beborne in mind. That the economic condition of the PolishJews is desperate, is unhappily true . Undoubtedly, too,

42


the administrative officials exercise discrimination fromtime to time and certain legislation bears with particularhardship upon Jews . Attacks on the government, havefailed to take into consideration either the economic diffi-culties of Poland in general or the special dilemma withwhich the present government is faced.

The policy of the Polish government shows plainly apreference for the agricultural over the urban interests .The government is also influenced by its desire to pursuean independent course in international matters . Finally,the government is severely handicapped because of theprevailing economic depression in Poland . We believethat the government of Poland recognizes in the Jewishpopulation one of the country's most valuable assets, themore so since they are a minority without irredentist am-bitions . A satisfied Jewish population would immeasur-ably strengthen the government's position in Poland andwith Jewish communities in other countries. We havereceived assurances from high government officials hereand abroad that the authorities are aware of the liabilityto the state of large masses of unemployed and dissatisfiedpeople . Apart, therefore, from any personal views thatmay be entertained by individual officials, considerationof state would dictate a policy of helpfulness to the Jews .Such a policy, however, is impeded by the fact that avigorous and vehement opposition to the governmentstands ready at all times to exploit for its own politicalends every manifestation of the government's concern forits Jewish citizens . Thus, even if economic conditionscould make it possible for the government to open tip thedoors widely to civil service, or to relieve the urban popu-lation of taxation by shifting the burden of taxation morelargely on the peasantry, or substantially to increase public


43

appropriations for Jewish schools and charitable institu-tions, those measures would be eagerly capitalized by theopposition party . Because of the widespread prejudicesprevailing among the population, any conspicuous mani-festation of pro-Jewish sympathies on the part of the gov-ernment would furnish an effective weapon to the opposi-tion in their efforts to overthrow it . The government isthus impaled on the horns of a dilemma .

Since the situation is most complicated and difficult, itcan, in the opinion of the Committee, only be aggravatedby the barrage of criticism and abuse of the government,especially on the part of Jews outside of Poland . Thisview has also been expressed within Poland itself by Doc-tor Joshua Thon, President of the Club of Jewish Deputiesin the Polish Sejm, who, in an address before that bodyon November 6, 1934, pointed out that neither the politicalsituation of the Jewish minority nor their economic hard-ships were purely Jewish questions .

We propose, as heretofore, to continue to watch thesituation of our brethren in Poland and to make suchrepresentations as events may dictate . At the same time,we realize that Jewish organizations interested in the wel-fare of the Jews of Poland must concern themselves withconstructive measures to improve the economy of Polandand to help in any way they can to promote trade betweentheir respective countries and Poland . We are confidentthat to the extent that business in Poland is improved, theeconomic situation of its Jewish population will be im-proved. Also, we believe, a fair and helpful attitude onthe part of Jews throughout the world is likely to evokemore sympathetic consideration of the problems of theJewish population by the government and promote afriendlier feeling toward the Jews among the non-Jewish

44


population that will make them less receptive to the agita-tion of the Jew-baiters .

Danzig

Ever since the Nazi victory in Germany, the Free Cityof Danzig, although under the nominal control of theLeague of Nations and Poland, has come into the NationalSocialist orbit . The Senate of the Free City has fallenunder the domination of the Nazi leader, Albert Forster,and has been made practically a district of the Germanparty.

As a result, the National Socialist press is given freerein ; and complaints arising out of the provocative attitudeof the Danzig Nazis are given little consideration by thegovernment. The professions and trades have been largelyorganized on a corporate basis, and the Aryan clause iswidely applied. A systematic boycott against Jewish doc-tors, dentists, and druggists is having a serious effect onthe economic life of these people . Furthermore, the gov-ernment is practically approving such a policy by removingall Jewish members from public health boards and medicalchambers .

Saar Basin

The Saar Basin, with its 97 per cent German populationand the strong probability that on January 13, 1935, itwould be incorporated into the German Reich, has, despiteits present League administration, been the scene of vigor-ous Nazi agitation . In an effort to assure a vote favorableto Germany in the plebiscite, the National Socialist leadersin the Saar have not refrained from stirring up anti-Jewish


45

feeling . The Franco-German declarations on the protec-tion of inhabitants of the Saar after the vote, have given atleast one year's security to the Jews, in the event that theBasin is turned over to Germany . After that time, how-ever, there will be no formal bar to the application of the"Aryan paragraph." Already, many of the 4,000 Jews inthe Territory have made preparations to leave.

The Committee has studied this situation closely, and inagreement with other important Jewish organizations, hasrefrained from any action, direct or indirect, in the pleb-iscite, this being an internal political matter, but has co-operated in efforts to secure permanent guarantees forequal political, religious and economic rights of inhabitantsof the Saar belonging to minority elements in the popula-tion.

Switzerland

The German parts of Switzerland have, likewise, felt theeffects of National Socialist doctrines . Here, however,it has been principally a press campaign centered about afew National Socialist and anti-Jewish newspapers . Inorder to prevent the spread of the libelous statements madein these papers, the Swiss Jewish community has assistedcertain individuals in bringing action against these propa-gandists. At Berne and Basle, suits involving the "Proto-cols of the Elders of Zion" have been started, and oncemore in order to demonstrate their false, malicious, andlibelous character, experts such as Chaim Weizmann, PaulMiliukov, Count du Chayla and Henri Sliosberg havegiven evidence for the plaintiffs . Your Committee hasfurnished the Swiss community with information gatheredin the course of its long interest in the question .

46


Roumania

The Jews of Roumania have also been forced to facean anti-Jewish movement which is again recurrent afterstimulation by the example of Nazi Germany . Seriousoutbreaks, led by the forces of Nicholas Cuza andCodreanu, have taken place. While attending the syna-gogue on a Friday, thirty Jewish families living at Dalan-ceana heard the bells of a nearby church ringing as a signalfor an anti-Jewish attack on their unguarded homes . Dwell-ings and shops were sacked and goods were destroyed .Those accused of instigating the attack were freed by ajury at Czernowitz . Ritual murder accusations have beenmade in the urban press without interference from thegovernment. Furthermore, laws have been proposedwhich would discriminate definitely against the Jews bylegislative action and set them apart from the majoritypopulation . Dr. William Fildermann, President of theUnion of Roumanian Jews, has addressed several lettersto the Prime Minister and to the King with reference tothese discriminatory laws. Until the assassination ofPremier Ion Duca by the anti-Jewish Iron Guard, thegovernment had attempted to suppress manifestations ofracial intolerance. His death, and the subsequent releaseof those accused of plotting it, have left the Jewish com-munity somewhat apprehensive . We have been informedthat the United Roumanian Jews in this country has maderepresentations to the Roumanian Legation in Washing-ton, regarding legislative proposals which are likely toaffect adversely the situation of Jews in Roumania .

Latvia

Your Committee has had the opportunity of gettingfirst-hand information from several reliable sources aboutconditions in Latvia . With the accession to power of KarlUlmanis and a fascist government under the slogan"Latvia for Latvians," various acts of discriminationagainst Jews have come to your Committee's attention .Subsidies for Jewish cultural enterprises have been with-drawn ; many Zionist leaders have been imprisoned,ostensibly on the ground of their being Socialist agitators ;Jewish doctors and professional workers have been dis-missed under suspicious circumstances ; and, in general, itappears that efforts are being made to restrict the freedomof activity of the Latvian Jews .

South Africa

In South Africa, where the large German populationhas been subject to Nazi influence, the falsity of a news-paper allegation that the Jews had planned to control theworld was laid bare by judicial proof . A leader of a localNational Socialist cell claimed to have obtained from asynagogue a secret document alleging, in line with thenotorious Protocols, that the Jews plotted for the controlof the universe . After examining the evidence, the Court,in a long opinion, concluded that the defendant was a hope-less fanatic and "an ignorant forger ." As for the Proto-cols of the Elders of Zion, Sir Thomas Graham, who de-livered the judgment of the Supreme Court, called them"an impudent forgery, obviously published for the purposeof anti-Jewish propaganda." The South African govern-ment has vigorously acted to suppress all inflammatory


47

48


libels against the Jews there . The Board of Jewish Dep-uties of South Africa has kept us continuously informedof its activities .

Latin American Countries

Your Committee has also collaborated with the ComiteContra las Persecuciones Antisemitas en Alemania, of Bue-nos Aires, Argentina, in their work of education and de-fense of civil liberties in South America . Both in the Argen-tine and in Brazil, fascist groups have carried on campaignsagainst Jewish citizens . In Mexico, the German Ministerprotested to the Government against the boycott carriedon by the Jewish Chamber of Commerce . The Chamberretaliated by charging that the Hitler government was sup-porting anti-Jewish propaganda in Mexico.

Canada

In Canada, also, German National Socialism has foundfertile soil . Although there have been no organized politi-cal parties supporting Hitlerite principles, anti-Jewishagitation has sprung up . Your Committee is cooperatingwith the Canadian Jewish Congress in refuting through alegal process the old ritual murder libel which had beenonce more revived by an anti-Jewish newspaper publishedin Winnipeg. The Court has handed down a temporary in-junction against the printing of the newspaper in question,and an argument in support of a permanent injunction isto be heard in the near future, on the basis of a new lawadopted last April by the Manitoba Provincial Legisla-ture, which provides that any member of a race or creedmay apply to the courts for an injunction against the pub-

Report of Executive Committe'-

49

lication of libelous matters . Your Committee has fur-nished material and has offered legal advice to the plain-tiff's counsel .

Anti-Jewish Agitation in Salonika

In April 1934, it was reported in the press that a violentanti-Jewish agitation had been launched by the Greeknewspaper Makedonia, published in Salonika, the principalorgan of the E. E. E., the Greek Nationalist LibertyParty. Recalling that when in 1931 a similar agitation bythe same newspaper had led to the destruction of one ofthe Jewish quarters of the city by a mob which set it onfire, rendering thousands of Jews homeless, and that onthat occasion former premier Eleutherios Venizelos hadvigorously condemned the agitation, a member of the Com-mittee, personally acquainted with Mr. Venizelos, requestedthe latter to use his influence to put a stop to this danger-ous agitation . Several weeks later a report published inthe press stated that, in an interview with a deputation ofJewish leaders, Mr . Venizelos repudiated the attacks ofthe E. E. E., and pledged himself to work to bring aboutthe removal of existing antagonism of the Liberal Party,of which he is leader, toward the Jews of Greece. Owingto this antagonism, the situation of our brethren in Greeceis uncertain and requires careful watching .

Russia

In November 1933, the Union of Orthodox Rabbis ofthe United States and Canada solicited the cooperation ofyour Committee on behalf of sixteen Jewish scholars, sev-eral of them rabbis, who had been sentenced by the Rus-

50


sian government to three years' imprisonment at hardlabor on the alleged charge of attempting to leave thecountry illegally . According to information given to theUnion of Orthodox Rabbis, the men in question were in-duced by agents of the Russian secret police to attemptto leave the country. It was stated that this is not an un-usual practice where the authorities wish to find a pretextfor the deportation of persons they regard objectionable,such as those involved in this case, who persisted in theirreligious studies and observances, which, though not ille-gal, are nevertheless bitterly opposed by certain elementsin the Soviet regime . After their arrest these sixteen menwere kept in jail for eight months before trial . They wereunable to secure counsel for the reason, we were informed,that no attorney is permitted to defend any clergyman orother ecclesiastical functionary. The men were foundguilty and sentenced to three years' imprisonment, where-as the usual penalty for this offense is imprisonment forfrom three to six months .The Union of Orthodox Rabbis requested your Com-

mittee to cooperate with Dr . William I . Sirovitch, of NewYork City, a member of the House of Representatives,who was taking an interest in the case . The Committeepromptly communicated with Senator Robert F . Wagnerof New York, a member of the Senate Committee on For-eign Relations, who at once agreed to look into the matter .A few days later we were informed that Senator Wagnerand Dr. Sirovitch had received word from the office of theSoviet Union Bureau in Washington, which had communi-cated regarding the matter with the Soviet Government,that a cablegram had been received stating that all thepersons held had already been or were about to be released .

Early in October a report appeared in the American


5 1

press to the effect that the Soviet Government had liberal-ized its attitude toward certain groups of the populationformerly denied the right to vote, which implies depriva-tion of a number of elementary human rights . It wasstated in this report that among the classes to whom thefranchise was restored were members of the clergy .

Your Committee secured a translation of the decree ofOctober 1, 1934, of the Soviet Central Executive Com-mittee relating to elections to local and republican Soviets,upon which this report is based . A study of the text re-vealed the fact that "former and present clergy of allreligions" are still not reckoned among those "who earntheir living by productive and socially useful labor," whoalone have the franchise ; while "persons who are employedfor, or elected to administrative business and technicalpositions in religious communities for the service of re-ligious ritual and premises (choir-singers, organists, door-keepers, bell ringers and the like, also members of churchcouncils)" are not depriv d of electoral rights . There is,however, a way to salvation left open to clergymen, forthe fourth paragraph of this decree reads

"Persons who in accordance with the constitution ofthe RSFSR have been deprived of the electoral rightsas belonging to the class of exploiters (landlords, capi-talists, clergy, etc.) may be restored in their rights pro-vided they have engaged in productive and sociallyuseful labor during the course of five years, and haveproven their loyalty to the Soviet regime. They canalso be enfranchised before this period on appropriateintercessions if they are members of trade unions andhave recommended themselves through honest labor ."

This was probably the basis of the press report of the


liberalization program, so loudly proclaimed by the SovietGovernment. Your Commitee has been informed by agroup of distinguished Jewish scholars in countries border-ing on Russia that the teaching of religion to children upto eighteen years of age is still forbidden, in the country,when done in groups of more than three, and a number ofother restrictions on the free exercise of religion are stillin force, making the prospects for the very survival of re-ligion extremely dark. Your Committee hopes that in thecourse of the diplomatic relations with the Soviet Govern-ment which have been ushered in by the recognition ofthat government by the United States, our governmentmay find an appropriate occasion to impress upon the So-viet Government that the American people, of all creeds,would cordially welcome a more humane attitude towardreligious functionaries and a more liberal policy towardreligious education .

We are encouraged in this hope by the re-statement ofthe traditional American policy relating to the freedomof religious worship by President Roosevelt in his corre-spondence with Mr. Litvinov, Foreign Minister of theSoviet Union. In his letter to Mr. Litvinov, the Presidentwrote : "As you well know the government of the UnitedStates since the foundation of the Republic has alwaysstriven to protect its nationals in the free exercise of lib-erty of conscience and religious worship, and from alldisability or persecution on account of their religious faithor worship and I need scarcely point out that the rightsenumerated below are those enjoyed in the United Statesby all citizens and foreign nationals, and by Americannationals in all the major countries of the world ."

In this connection, we note with dismay the spread ofanti-religious movements in countries in both the Old and


53

the New World. Along with our Catholic and Protestantfellow-citizens, we voice our protest against the sup-pression of religious liberty and freedom of consciencewherever and whenever such suppression is attempted .

The Committee desires to express its deep appreciationof the readiness of the Honorable Cordell Hull, Secretaryof State, to meet representatives of your Committee andto discuss with them our problems helpfully and sympa-thetically .

III. DOMESTIC MATTERSAnti-Jewish Agitation in the United States

During the past year, the anti-Jewish movements whichsprang up in 1933 as a result of the course of events inGermany suffered serious setbacks . Following the eventsin Germany during what is generally called the "bloodyweek-end" of June 30, 1934, the Nazi movement in Ger-many was widely discredited, and the influence of Nazipropagandists in this country was materially reduced .The assassination of Chancellor Dollfuss of Austriaserved further to weaken sympathy for Hitlerism . In NewYork City, the Nazified German societies organized theso-called German American Economic Committee, knowngenerally as Dawa, a name composed of the initials of itsname in German, Deutsch Amerikanische WirtschaftsAusschuss . This body made energetic efforts to foment aboycott in reply to tie anti-Nazi boycott with accompany-ing anti-Jewish agitation of a virulent kind . The effortsof the Dawa to spread its activities to other cities are, weunderstand, not meeting with much success .

Another set-back to Nazi propaganda resulted from therevelations made public by the Congressional Committee,

54


headed by Representative John W . McCormack of Massa-chusetts, which is investigating un-American movements .The public hearings held by this Committee in variousparts of the country have helped to inform the Americanpeople of the scope and nature of activities and agitationentirely at variance with the traditions of fair-play andhuman equality which have always been basic in thiscountry . Nor have the antics of the Nazi leaders here,their ludicrous efforts to inject Jew baiting into politics,added to their prestige .

It would be a grave mistake, however, to believe thatthe danger to the Jews of America from this source is past .The public tactics, often bungling and crude, of the Naziorganizations, are accompanied by more subtle methodswhich, because of their private nature, are often impossibleto counteract. Within recent months, Nazi propagandists,including diplomatic and consular representatives of Ger-many, have succeeded in arranging to address privatemeetings of influential clubmen and clubwomen, membersof college and university faculties, and the like . Thesemeetings are not advertised, and invitations to them areissued to carefully selected persons whose receptivity toNazi doctrines can be more or less relied upon . Often notime is permitted for discussion of the speaker's remarks .From what your Committee has been able to learn thesespeakers address themselves chiefly to efforts to justify theanti-Jewish policies of Nazi Germany, by making state-ments which are false and misleading regarding the num-ber and activities of the Jews of Germany, and castingunjustified aspersions upon their good name. It is obviousthat among the members of audiences thus addressed manydo not know the truth. La :king an opportunity to hear theother side, these persons become centers for the dissemina-


55

tion of misinformation in their business and social circles .This dangerous form of propaganda has naturally engagedthe close attention of your Committee, and the membersare earnestly requested to be on the watch for instances ofit in their own communities .

Parallel with the subversive activities of Nazi propagan-dists and their adherents there is the anti-Jewish agitationfostered by native American groups or individuals . Thisagitation is largely political, being essentially an effort todiscredit the Federal administration by exploiting suchanti-Jewish prejudice as exists in the country . This schoolof propagandists seeks to disseminate the notion that thepolicies of the government are inspired by a non-existentJewish influence with alleged sinister designs . Some ofthis propaganda is circulated to paying subscribers in thedisguise of confidential reports from Washington of "in-side" information said to be not available through theregular channels of news . A great deal of ado is madeby these retailers of falsehood about the number of Jewsattached to the administration, many of whom have beenin government service in previous administrations, al-though not a single plausible charge of incompetence ormalfeasance has been made against any of them . Thisnefarious practice of pretending that there is somethingsinister in the presence of Jews in office appears to haveci.,.used considerable uneasiness, even anxiety, among Jews,and some have even expressed the wish that all Jews inoffice would resign from their posts . Those who hold thisview evidently do not realize that such a procedure wouldbe an admission of the false charges, or an approval of theinstitution of a racial or religious percentage system inconnection with appointment to public office, in the placeof the traditional sound American principle of conferring

56


office upon those best able to do the work, regardless oftheir creed or ancestry.These anti-Jewish agitators also try to raise another

false and baseless issue, namely, that Jews as such fomentmovements subversive of law and authority . In supportof this assertion, they produce falsified statistics andgarbled statements. Those who have even an elementaryacquaintance with the traditions cherished by our peopleduring the two thousand years since the destruction of theJewish state know that complete and unequivocal loyalty tothe country of one's citizenship is a basic principle of Jew-ish life . Ever since the Babylonian exile, spiritual leadersfrom Jeremiah down have adjured the Jewish people toseek the peace and prosperity of the land in which theylive, to pray unto the Lord for it, for in the peace thereofthey would enjoy peace .

Students of the origin of the American form of govern-ment have pointed to the debt which the Colonial fathersowed to the inspiration of the Hebrew Bible . Lecky, thedistinguished historian, expressed this debt in the famousdictum : "Hebraic mortar cemented the foundation ofAmerican democracy!" To millions of American Jews aswell as to millions cf Jews in other lands, therefore, thetenets of liberalism and democracy are the most dearlyprized ideals . Any form of government, or economic sys-tem, which is based on, or maintains itself by, the suppres-sion of the elemental bases of human liberty--1freedom ofspeech, of the press, of association, of religious worship-is, therefore, abhorrent to them . Throughout their his-tory, Jews have suffered at the hands of tyrants and despotsof all varieties . These experiences have fortified the teach-ings of their sages, admonishing a reverence for the sanc-tity of the individual . While under our form of govern-


57

ment every individual has the right to join a legally exist-ing political party, Jewish teaching condemns all doctrinesviolating the Talmudic maxim that the law of the land isthe law of the Jews . The vast majority of Jewish citizensof the United States who adhere to their religious tradi-tions continue, therefore, to uphold the democratic Ameri-can methods for achieving economic, social, and culturalprogress.

Educational Activities

Your Committee continued many of the activities alongthe lines which were reported to you at your last annualmeeting . In connection with the situation in Germany ourefforts were largely directed to spreading information .This was done through the distribution of books andpamphlets and in other ways which were deemed effectivenot only in casting the light of truth upon events abroadbut also in laying the foundation for general goodwill asbetween Jews and non-Jews in the United States . Anumber of reprints of the report submitted by your Com-mittee at your annual meeting last year, and special bulle-tins on various subjects were distributed in large editions .Being in close touch with dependable sources of informa-tion, the Committee was in position to keep currently ad-vised of significant events of special interest to Jews, inmany countries . The collection of this information isonly one of the many useful functions of our researchstaff, whose facilities are utilized by many students ofcurrent affairs, lecturers and journalists who have foundits services invaluable in the preparation of newspaper andmagazine articles and books . Underlying these activitiesis the intensive and methodical work of collecting, digest-

58

The A"wrican Jewish Committee

ing, and classifying a large number of facts . Newspaperclippings, pamphlets and books are carefully indexed andfiled for quick reference. Not the least important of themany activities of the Committee's office is the answeringof inquiries of all sorts regarding Jewish matters of whichthere is a continuous flow into the office .

Your Committee has also been instrumental in makingpossible research activities on the part of others with re-gard to subjects of vital importance, such as the questionof race, and in securing the publication of sound treatiseson such subjects .

We have in the main, two objects to our educationalactivities

First we desire to inform Americans and to stir theirhumanitarian feelings by a constant presentation of thetrue nature of Nazified Germany . There is real dangerthat, with the passage of time, people will begin to acceptNaziism as the Nazis themselves want to have it accepted ;that they will be misled into forgetting the blows thatNaziism has dealt to civilization . We must not permit thisto come about . Our activity through speakers, throughpublicity to the press, through publications, through theradio, through the films, must concern itself day after dayand week after week with the problem of keeping beforethe American people a true picture of conditions in Ger-many as they affect the Jews and as they affect all whobelieve in peace, in liberal doctrines, and in freedom ofconscience.

Our second object is to attempt to immunize the Ameri-can people against the virus of anti-Semitism spread bynative demagogues . In this effort our work places theemphasis not on the Jews alone, nor even mainly on theJews. We attempt, instead, to maintain among Americans


59

of all faiths an appreciation of the traditional principles ofour country. We seek in numerous ways to dramatize thevalues of our democracy, to point out that group hatredis a menace to the democratic structure of our country .Our second course, in short, is to strengthen in every waypossible an adherence to the American way of living in tol-erance, in amity, and in understanding.

It is not deemed necessary to give further details as themembers have been kept informed through special bulle-tins, the reports of our field representative, and statementsby members of the staff at regional conferences . A fullstatement on the subject was submitted to the mid-yearmeeting at Chicago on June 10, last .A comprehensive program for future work has been

carefully prepared. Although the results of such work arelargely intangible and cannot be estimated, it is believedthat, if prosecuted over a considerable period of time, ef-forts in this direction are bound to bear fruit .

Immigration

Early in the course of the present emergency, the Ameri-can Jewish Committee as well as other Jewish organiza-tions recognized the need for efforts for the removal ofadministrative hindrances to immigration to the UnitedStates which, in the light of emergency, were unneces-sarily burdensome. The efforts made in this direction bythe Committee and by the Joint Council are fully describedon pages 51-54 of the Twenty-Seventh Annual Report ofthe Committee . Thanks to the readiness of the officials ofthe State and Labor Departments to give sympathetic con-sideration to the unusual conditions facing intending im-migrants from Germany, and particularly after the State

60


Department regulations to consuls were issued in Sep-tember 1933, following our representations, the adminis-trative procedure has been simplified in several direc-tions, with the result that the number of visas grantedto applicants domiciled in Germany has been appreciablyincreased during the past four or five months . The num-ber admitted was still very considerably lower, however,than the legal quota for Germany .

Perhaps the chief difficulty experienced by applicantsfor immigration visas is the requirement that they mustprove that they are not "likely to become a public charge,"(as the phrase has been newly construed during the presenteconomic emergency) after arrival in the United States .

Should an alien succeed in satisfying the United StatesConsul to whom he applies for a visa that he is not "likelyto become a public charge," such alien may, upon hisarrival here, nevertheless in theory be required to furnisha bond to guarantee against his becoming a public charge .Until recently, the question whether the Secretary of Laborhas authority, since the Immigration Law of 1924 wasenacted, to accept such a bond, in advance of an alien'sarrival, had been uniformly answered' in the negative, pur-suant to State and Labor Department regulations . Thisquestion was settled toward the end of 1933, following cor-respondence between the joint Council and officials of theState and Labor Department, in which the legality of thesubsisting regulation was challenged by us . On De-cember 26, 1933, the Attorney General of the UnitedStates, in reply to questions submitted by the Secretaryof Labor on November 4, 1933, ruled that it is withinthe discretion of the Secretary of Labor to accept a publiccharge bond in advance of an alien's arrival in this coun-try, and that, where this is done, a consular officer may not


61

refuse to issue a visa to the alien concerned on the groundthat he is likely to become a public charge . The AttorneyGeneral's ruling supported an opinion on the same sub-ject rendered previously by the Solicitor of the Departmentof Labor .

Though the new ruling will not make possible any largeincrease in immigration, it will facilitate the entry of manydesirable persons who otherwise would be excluded, andthus prevent hardships resulting from a hitherto mechani-cal working of the laws not in harmony with their spirit .

The Joint Council also challenged the legality of a regu-lation of the two Departments in force for ten years, mak-ing it almost impossible for refugees from Germanyoutside of Germany to secure United States passport visas,their efforts to secure police certificates of character fromGermany being almost invariably thwarted by the Germanpolice authorities under such circumstances. Followingthe opinion of the Attorney General above referred to,the State Department followed the example of the LaborDepartment in admitting the impropriety of this regula-tion, and an amendment of it has been prepared and isabout to be promulgated . The late Max J . Kohler, onbehalf of the joint Council, prepared elaborate briefs inaid of our position on these questions .

During the past year there was a perceptible develop-ment of sympathy for refugees, and a growing sentimentin favor of the facilitation of their admission into theUnited States, although without any increase in existingquota restrictions, because of the continuing unemploy-ment .

As has already been reported, following the submissionby a representative of the American Jewish Committee ofthe proposal that a number of German Jewish children be

62

TheAmerican Jewish Committee

placed temporarily in American homes, the joint Councilappointed a special committee to study this suggestion andmake such plans for carrying it out as may be practicable .

A body known as the German Jewish Children's Aid,Inc., has been established to take charge of this activity,and a small number of children have already been admittedand placed in homes .

Early in March 1934 . on behalf of your Committee, thelate Max J. Kohler, Chairman of our sub-committee onimmigration, filed with the Committee on Immigration ofthe House of Representatives a statement of objectionsagainst six bills then pending, all of which sought eitherto reduce existing quotas or to prohibit immigration en-tirely. The objections were based chiefly on the widelyrecognized unwisdom of enacting permanent legislationin times of emergency, when the aims sought can beachieved, as they had effectively been in the matter of im-migration, by the stricter interpretation of existing law.

On March 13, the House Committee on Immigrationagreed not to report these and other measures of the samepurport.

Complaints of False Charges

The cooperation of the Committee was solicited by sev-eral business firms, including a large restaurant chain,which complained of widespread rumors falsely chargingthem with pro-Nazi sympathies, or anti-Jewish discrimina-tion. Mindful of the importance of preventing injustice,the Committee subjected these complaints to a thoroughlyobjective investigation and, where our findings justifiedsuch action, submitted a report to the firms in question,clearing them of the charges made .

The Osman Case

The Committee also cooperated in arranging for theemployment of counsel for Ralph Osman, a corporal inthe United States Army who appealed from the decision ofa court martial which had convicted him of violation ofthe Espionage Act of 1917 . Representations made toyour Committee on behalf of the young man indicated thatanti-Jewish prejudice had probably affected the conduct ofthe trial. The decision of the court martial was set asideby the appeals court, and the corporal was freed . Subse-quently he applied for, and was granted an honorabledischarge from the army .

The American Jewish Year Book

In September last, the Jewish Publication Society ofAmerica issued Volume 36 of the American Jewish YearBook, compiled, like all the volumes of this series since1909, in the office of the American Jewish Committee . Thecurrent volume was the sixteenth to be edited by the As-sistant Secretary of the Committee . As is pointed out inthe preface, the continuing crisis in the lives of our breth-ren in Germany is reflected in the present volume as itwas in its predecessor . "Not only is a considerable partof the List of Events given over to occurrences affectingthe Jews of that country, but some of the tragic effects areindicated also in the Necrology which includes the namesof a number of distinguished German Jews who died bytheir own hands, and in the notices of appointments ofscholars and teachers, ousted from the laboratories andthe lecture halls of German colleges and universities, topositions of honor in the schools of foreign countries,where they were cordially welcomed."


63

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The volume also contains a special article dealing withdiscussions of minority and refugee questions at the 1933Assembly of the League of Nations, evoked by Germany'santi-Jewish policy . There are also biographical sketchesof Doctor Hyman G. Enelow and Doctor George Alexan-der Kohut, two distinguished American Jewish scholars,who died during the preceding year . These articles werecontributed by Doctor David Philipson and ProfessorAlexander Marx . Doctor B . M. Selekman, the Execu-tive Director of the Associated Jewish Charities of Boston,contributed an article in which that distinctively Americanproduct, the Jewish federation for local social service, issubjected to a comprehensive critical analysis as to itsstrength and weakness especially as revealed by the impactof the prevailing economic depression .

Besides these special articles, Volume 36 contains adetailed list of events during the preceding year, the usualdirectories and lists, and the Twenty-Seventh Annual Re-port of this Committee .

Saturday Sessions in New Jersey Normal Schools

Recently, the cooperation of your Committee wassolicited by leaders of the Jewish community of NewJersey in connection with the introduction of Saturday ses-sions in the Normal Schools of New Jersey. We wereinformed that a reduction in the school term, as an econ-omy measure, was the object of the authorities, but thatthe Saturday session confronted Sabbath-observing Jewswith the dilemma of violating their conscience or failingin their studies. Besides, the introduction of Saturdaysessions in one section of the school system may be anentering wedge for the introduction of such sessions in


65

other sections in which an even larger number of personswould be affected . The State Director of Education towhom representations were made by community leaderssuggested the submission of a brief on the subject to theState Department of Education, and, at the request of theCommittee, Mr . Louis E. Levinthal, of Philadelphia, anattorney, was good enough to prepare such a brief . Thematter is pending.

Objectionable Motion PicturesThe opportunity was afforded representatives of your

Committee to attend previews of several motion pictureson topics of Jewish interest and to offer suggestions forthe elimination of parts which in the opinion of the Com-mittee were likely to have an unfavorable effect upon therelations between Jews and non-Jews . In one case, yourCommittee joined other organizations in registering pro-test against a production which was regarded as objection-able in numerous respects . This protest resulted in thedecision on the part of the prospective exhibitor not tocirculate the picture.

Your Committee is gratified to note that a number ofJewish religious organizations have joined with Christianbodies in an effort to eliminate indecency from motion pic-tures and from theatrical productions .

Cooperation with Other OrganizationsAs in the past, your Committee has cheerfully given its

cooperation to other bodies, non-Jewish as well as Jewish,whose work converges upon the objects of the Committee,and it has enjoyed the help and encouragement of a num-

66


ber of organizations . We have been in very close touchwith the Board of Deputies of British Jews through Mr .Neville Laski, its worthy president, whom we have thehonor of having with us today ; with the joint ForeignCommittee of that organization and the Anglo-JewishAssociation, again through Mr . Laski and its other co-chairman, Mr. Leonard Montefiore. We correspond regu-larly with the Alliance Israelite Universelle, the JewishColonization Association, and other important and activebodies abroad with whom we exchange information andviews. Last summer the President and the Secretary ofthe Committee were abroad and had an opportunity toconfer with the officers of these organizations and to ob-tain first-hand information about matters of Jewish inter-est in a number of countries . Just about a year ago, theCommittee sent representatives to the first convention ofthe Canadian Jewish Congress, with which we have beenin frequent correspondence . Mention has already beenmade of the Committee's interest in the libel case whichhas been brought in Winnipeg under the supervision ofthe Canadian Jewish Congress . In South America, wehave furnished information and advice to a committee inBuenos Aires which is engaged in combatting anti-Jewishpropaganda in Brazil .

In the United States, the Committee cooperates with anumber of organizations . During the past year we havebeen in close touch with the Union of American HebrewCongregations, the United Synagogue of America, theCouncil of Jewish Women, the Hebrew Sheltering andImmigrant Aid Society, and others . Several meetingshave been held of your Executive Committee with the par-ticipation of the Emergency Advisory Council established,you will recall, in May 1933 . This Council consists of


67

representatives of 31 national and central Jewish organiza-tions .

Through frequent meetings of the joint ConsultativeCouncil, established in June 1933, representatives of theB'nai B'rith, the American Jewish Congress, and yourCommittee exchange views and formulate unified policies.Except for the substitution of George Z . Medalie for thelate Max J. Kohler as representative of the B'nai B'rith,and of Henry Ittleson for Irving Lehman as representa-tive of the American Jewish Committee, the membershipof the joint Council is the same as last year, namely : repre-senting the American Jewish Congress : Messrs. StephenS. Wise, Bernard S . Deutsch, and Louis Lipsky ; repre-senting the B'nai B'rith : Messrs . Alfred M . Cohen, AlbertOttinger, and George Z. Medalie ; and representing theAmerican Jewish Committee : Messrs. Joseph M. Pros-kauer, Henry Ittleson, and Solomon M . Stroock .

The Proposed World Jewish CongressIt will be recalled that in 1932 a Jewish conference held

at Geneva, Switzerland, decided to establish a WorldJewish Congress "based on the conception of the Jewishpeople as a unified national organism." According to theresolution then adopted, the proposed congress is to be "alegitimate representation, authorized and in duty bound todeal with all questions of Jewish life, and to represent theJewish people to the outside world, in a struggle for itscivil and national rights ." This decision was confirmedat conferences held in 1933 and last summer .

When in August 1934, reports regarding the confer-ence then being held in Geneva began to appear in theAmerican press under sensational headlines about a world

68


Jewish parliament and super-government, your Committeedeemed it necessary to apprize the public of the fact thatthe conference could not truthfully be described as repre-sentative of the Jews of the world . The publication ofthe following statement was authorized :

"In view of the erroneous headlines and statementscontained in some press reports of a conference of Jewsnow being held in Geneva, attention is drawn to the factthat the American Jewish Committee, which is made upof representatives in every important city in the UnitedStates, has not indorsed and is not participating in theworld conference, and that important organizationsabroad, among them the Board of Jewish Deputies ofEngland and the Alliance Israelite Universelle ofFrance, have declined to send delegates to representthem .

"In the light of these facts, the conference cannottruthfully be described as representative of the opinionof Jews of the world or as expressing the viewpoint ofJewish citizens of the United States ."Subsequently, on October 8, 1934 the National Execu-

tive Committee of the American Jewish Congress affirmedthe decision of the Geneva Conference of 1934 to estab-lish a World Jewish Congress to be convened in 1935, andalso decided to launch a campaign for the organization ofnational democratic elections throughout the United Stateson April 28, 1935, for an enlarged American Jewish Con-gress and delegates to the proposed World Jewish Con-gress .

Later, in November last, your Committee received acommunication from the American Jewish Congress stat-ing (1) that its Administration Committee had authorizedsteps "to establish union and cooperation in American


69

Jewry with relation to the part it may take, together withthe Jewries of other lands, in dealing with the extra-ordinary economic, political and religious difficulties thatface the Jewish people" ; (2) that the American JewishCongress believes "that the best interests of the Jewishpeople would be served by the creation of an executiverepresentation in Geneva of the organized Jewries of theworld, and that such representation should come into be-ing as the considered action of a World Jewish Congressin which the delegates would be elected, as far as possibleor feasible, on democratic lines" ; and (3) that a Com-mittee on Conciliation has been appointed to confer withthe American Jewish Committee and with the B'nai B'rith"to explore the possibilities of arriving at an understand-ing with you (us) on the problems here outlined," and"is prepared to do everything within its power . . . toconsider your (our) views and suggestions for amend-ment or adjustment or improvement of the methods sug-gested," although "any agreement we may arrive at issubject to the ratification of the Administrative Committeeof the American Jewish Congress ."

Your Committee gave this proposal extended considera-tion at a special meeting and unanimously decided to de-cline to join in any conference in which the proposal fora World Jewish Congress is to be the subject for consid-eration, but agreed to confer if other ways of securingcloser cooperation are contemplated . Following is a state-ment of some of the many considerations which have allalong shaped the attitude of the Committee toward theestablishment of a general Jewish organization in theUnited States based on a plebiscite, or of a World JewishCongress or any other form of international Jewish organ-ization .

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The year 1934 marks the 280th anniversary of the be-ginnings of the Jewish community in the United States .Even prior to the Declaration of Independence the Jewishsettlers in the original thirteen colonies organized them-selves to carry on religious, educational and charitablework. With the definite establishment of the UnitedStates as an independent nation, the gradual enlargementof the territory and the inflow of immigrants to the UnitedStates from various parts of the world, the Jewish com-munity took on a larger form and these units in the dif-ferent cities and states commenced to form national or-ganizations to further their particular interests . Theseorganizations were voluntary ; they were created by peoplemost interested in a particular branch of Jewish activity ;they chose their own representatives and adopted theirown policies .

In times of emergency, conferences between these or-ganizations were held, united action secured and the de-sired result was usually attained .

A plebiscite of all the Jews in the United States abovethe age of eighteen, for which agitation is now astir, is adirect attempt, through propaganda, to destroy or mini-mize the institutions which the Jews of America havethemselves created over a long period of years for all sortsof worthy purposes responding to the needs of the Ameri-can Jewish community . If this were not so, and if this hadnot, on a previous occasion, when there was a plebiscite,been the purpose of the American Jewish Congress, thesecuring of common counsel through a conference derivedfrom representatives of the existing organizations wouldhave been all that was required . Just as this attempt wasmade on a previous occasion during the emergency cre-


71

ated by the World War, the disaster to the Jews in Ger-many has again been employed as the occasion to recreatean organization through a plebiscite, direct voting, amethod which up to this time has only been employed byJews like other American citizens for the purpose of elect-ing their representatives in Congress, expressing theirpreference for President and Vice-President in the elec-toral college, and choosing their State, County and Mu-nicipal officials. It must be clear to anyone whowill reflect that the creation of a general electoralmachinery by the Jews of the United States forthe purpose of establishing a Congress is boundto bring about in the minds of our fellow citizens a con-fusion which can only be unfavorable to the Jewish community ; whereas there is not a single object that will beattained by the creation of such an organization basedupon a plebiscite that cannot now actually be reached underthe existing organizations which the Jews in America haveestablished .

We are told that all this is proposed in the name of De-mocracy as though this were a new concept to Jews . AnyJew, who has ever taken part in the organization or con-duct of a Synagogue or a Lodge or any of the numerousorganizations which were built up, can testify that all theseorganizations are democratically organized and representthe will of the people who are interested in them and whosupport them. The Synagogue, the most ancient existingJewish institution, has been democratic from its inceptionthousands of years ago . The real question therefore iswhether the Jews of America in emergencies shall speakthrough bodies that represent all their existing institu-tions, or whether they shall speak through a plebiscitefrom which a large part of the community, which has

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been specifically engaged in the proper and necessary workof the Jewish community, would abstain and ought toabstain .

These considerations, which in our opinion make aplebiscite for an American Jewish Congress unwise, applywith infinitely greater force to the establishment of theWorld Jewish Congress or any other form of internationalJewish organization with which the plebiscite was initiallyand is apparently still bound up.

A conference held at Geneva, Switzerland, in August1.932, adopted a resolution calling for the establishmentof a World Jewish Congress, in which the object of theproposed Congress was stated to be

"This World Congress, based on the conception ofthe Jewish people as a unified national organism (Volks-organismus), should be a legitimate representation, au-thorized and in duty bound to deal with all questionsof Jewish life, and to represent the Jewish people to theoutside world, in a struggle for its civil and nationalrights ."This resolution was confirmed in all details by the con-

ferences which met in 1933 and in 1934 .It was further amplified by statements of the leading

proponent of the World Jewish Congress, who declared"It should . . . create a truly legitimate unified repre-

sentation of the Jewish people, which will have the rightto speak in the name of the sixteen million Jews, to thenations and the governments of the world . . ." "Thereis only one possible basis for the World Congress, theidea of Jewish Nationhood (Volkstum) ." "The scopeof the Congress will be the totality of Jewish questions,the problems of inner Jewish life, the representation


73

before the nations of the world, the struggle againstthe foes of the Jewish people ."We share the feeling of those who, alarmed by the

tragic fate that has befallen the Jews of Germany, and thebaneful influence in other countries of Nazi policies, urgethat Jews everywhere take counsel with one another witha view to finding effective measures to defend themselvesagainst the menace which threatens their very existence .But to take such counsel, to confer and exchange viewsis only the proximate purpose of the proposed World Con-gress . It is clear from the statements quoted that theCongress is intended to be a permanent Parliament, thfdeputies of which, elected by a machinery which is asso-ciated with representative government of political states,are to be authorized to deal with all matters affecting Jewsin any and every country of the globe ; and to negotiatewith governments on matters affecting Jewish citizens .While it cannot serve any useful purpose which is notnow being served by existing voluntary Jewish agencies ineach country, the proposed World Jewish Congress canonly endanger the status of the Jews in the countries ofwhich they are citizens . As citizens, Jews recognize onlythe authority of the parliament of the country in whichthey live .

A Jewish parliament would give aid and comfort tothose who promote hostility to the Jews, on the ground ofalleged international solidarity and' super-loyalty . Itwould sow doubts in the minds of our fellow-citizens inall countries as to the precise status of the Jew as citizen .

These dangerous consequences will follow, although theCongress will in fact be not representative of all the Jews,and will have no power to enforce its decisions even upon

74


those individuals who vote for its representatives, andwho, by so doing, are implying the acceptance of an obli-gation to an extra-national authority. These consequencesare inevitable, although in practice the Congress can benothing more than a platform for the making of speeches,and a convocation for the passage of resolutions .

There have always been, and there are particularly to-day, special problems facing the Jews of all countries si-multaneously . But, owing to the differences in the con-dition of the Jews of various countries, and in the tradi-tions and customs of these countries, the manifestations ofthese problems differ materially in each land from themanifestations in other lands . It is clear, therefore, thatthe Jews of each country are in the best position to under-stand and meet their own problems, without the assistanceof an international agency which could not possibly under-stand the local situations .

The Committee believes that it is at times useful forthe accredited representatives of organizations of differ-ent countries to meet for an interchange of views and in-formation. The Committee has participated in such con-ferences, and is prepared to do so at future meetingswhen, in its opinion, they appear desirable.

The American Jewish Committee holds it to be self-evident that the Jews of the United States have here estab-lished a permanent home for themselves and their chil-dren, have acquired the rights and assumed the correlativeduties of American citizenship, and recognize their un-qualified allegiance to this country which they love andcherish and of whose citizens they regard themselves as aloyal and integral part . The Committee believes that asAmerican citizens, Jews have the right, individually orassociated in groups, to approach the government of the

tceport of Lxecutive Committee

is

United States and solicit its good offices in behalf of thebetterment of the lot of oppressed Jews in other lands .The Committee does not believe, however, that it is con-sistent with these principles for them to associate them-selves with the citizens of other countries in creating aninternational body which will assume or attempt to speakfor the Jews of this country.

The Committee believes that, animated by their love ofcountry and their devotion to the highest conception ofpatriotism, American Jews will recognize the menace totheir status inherent in the proposed World Congress andwill declare their opposition to it . A firm and unequivocalrefusal to have any part in such a movement, either directlyor indirectly, may persuade those who are promoting it towithdraw from a proposed course of action which canachieve no helpful results, but which is freighted with em-barrassment and even disaster to Jews everywhere .

It has been possible in this brief report to dwell upononly a very few of the matters with which the ExecutiveCommittee and its staff were busily occupied during thesepast fourteen months .

We can assure you, however, that we have tried earnest-ly and, we believe, intelligently to exert every possible in-fluence to combat the hostility here and abroad . Ourweapons are not those of armies and navies, of guns andgases . Our weapon is largely public opinion . Withouthysteria, but with profound concern we have, in manyways, sought to illumine the public mind with respect tothe dangers of anti-Semitism and all forms of racial andreligious bigotry, not only to the Jews but to all peoplewho love liberty and justice . The press, the clergy, public

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officials and leaders in all walks of life and of all faithsare making common cause to stem bigotry and anti-religiousmovements. It is evident that the American people, thoughsorely tried by economic distress, have been immune tothe unscrupulous but skilful propaganda of the Nazis andothers who desire to exploit racial prejudice for their ownselfish ends . It is imperative, however, that our effortsin cooperation with Protestants and Catholics continueunabated and in such a manner as to convince our non-Jewish fellow-Americans that the rights we demand forour co-religionists in other countries are those elementalhuman rights which constitute the basis of American civ-ilization .To carry on we need your implicit confidence and gen-

erous support .Respectfully submitted,

THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE

REPORT ON ORGANIZATION MATTERS

1. NecrologyThe Committee sustained a great loss in the sudden

passing of one of the members of its Executive Committee,Mr. Max J. Kohler, on July 24, 1934 . The followingresolution was duly recorded in the minutes of yourCommittee

"The members of the Executive Committee of the AmericanJewish Committee, learning with sorrow of the passing of theircolleague, Max J. Kohler, have recorded the following minute"His broad comprehension of the facts and principles of

American Jewish life ; his tireless activities in the advancementof democratic ideals ; his unceasing labors in the interests ofthe immigrant ; his vast knowledge of the law and history, sup-ported by a photographic memory, enabled him to render uniqueservice to the community at large and in particular to theJewish community.

"Imbued with the deep sense of justice and with an abidingfaith in the methods and principles of democracy, he labored in-defatigably to win for those who had known political, religious,and racial prejudice the freedom which they had long been de-nied and which America promised . The law, in his broadjudgment, was a means of attaining and assuring these ideals.It was in and through the law that his mind and heart foundhope for freedom and justice.

"He was not essentially or merely a practicing attorney, butrather a juridical scholar, a great authority in constitutional andinternational law, especially as they concerned the fundamentalrights of men . In particular, it was to the rights of minoritiesthat he devoted his scholarly activities and practical efforts.He gave generously of his time and his vital energies to thework of such organizations as the American Jewish HistoricalSociety, The Judeans, the Standard Jewish Encyclopedia, theJewish Academy of Arts and Sciences, the Baron de HirschFund, the Union of American Hebrew Congregations, the B'naiB'rith and the American Jewish Committee .

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"The American Jewish Committee in tendering its sympathyto his brother and to his sisters, shares with all of these organi-zations and Israel at large the loss of a brilliant and alwayshelpful collaborator.

"The remembrance of his life and services will be a sourceof inspiration to all who are carrying on the work that absorbedhis loyalty and talents ."A meeting in memory of Mr. Kohler was held on Sun-

day afternoon, November 25, 1934, at Temple Emanu-El .New York City, with twenty-two organizations partici-pating, and addresses delivered by the following : the Rev .Dr. Samuel H. Goldenson, the Hon . Irving Lehman, theHon. Alfred M . Cohen, and Dr . A. S . W. Rosenbach . TheHon. Julian W. Mack who was to have spoken but wasunable to attend, sent a message of appreciation .

The Committee also suffered the loss of the followingCommunity Representatives since the last Annual MeetingDr. H. G. Enelow, of New York City, on Feb . 6, 1934Israel Unterberg, of New York City, on May 1, 1934M. E. Greenebaum, of Chicago, Ill ., on June 22, 1934Alexander Cahn, of New Haven, Conn ., on Aug. 27,

1934Ludwig Vogelstein, of New York City, on Sept . 24,

1934A. C. Wurmser, of Kansas City, Mo., on Oct. 13, 1934Minutes expressing the Committee's sense of loss, were

adopted by your Executive Committee .2. The Executive Committee

Because of the establishment of a committee represent-ing Jewish labor organizations, whose by-laws requirethat its members shall not at the same time be members ofany other Jewish organization dealing with political ques-tions, Mr . B. C. Vladeck tendered his resignation as amember of the Executive Committee . Your Executive


79

Committee felt compelled, to their profound regret, toaccept Mr. Vladeck's resignation . Mr. Harold Hirsch ofAtlanta, Georgia, was elected a member of the ExecutiveCommittee to succeed Mr. Vladeck .

In view of the enlargement of the Corporate Member-ship and of a unanimous desire to secure wider counseland service, your Executive Committee recommends thatthe by-laws should be amended to provide for the enlarge-ment of the Executive Committee to a maximum of fiftyinstead of the present maximum of thirty. Notification ofan amendment for that purpose to be voted upon by youtoday was issued to the membership on December 3, 1934 .

3 . MembershipYour Committee takes pleasure in reporting that all

the persons elected to Corporate Membership at your lastmeeting, on December 10, 1933, and whose names appearon pages 79 to 82, inclusive, of the Twenty-Seventh An-nual Report, agreed to serve .Dr. Samuel H. Goldenson, of New York City, was

elected to fill the vacancy created by the death of Dr.H. G. Enelow ; Rabbi Nathan H. Colish, of Houston,Texas, to fill the vacancy in that community ; and Mr. Her-man Ritter, of Youngstown, Ohio, for the vacancy in thatcommunity .

In the course of the year, the following members ten-dered their resignations

Jacob Asher, Worcester, Mass .Albert Berney, Baltimore, Md .David B . Eisendrath, Milwaukee, Wis .Herbert Friedenwald, Washington, D . C.Nathan Isaacs, Cambridge, Mass .Alexander Kahn, New York CityMax Schnitzer, Houston, Texas

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These resignations were accepted with regret .In accordance with the provisions of the by-laws, the

following Nominating Committee, empowered to namecandidates to succeed those members whose terms expiretoday, and to fill existing vacancies, was appointed

Edmund H. Abrahams, Savannah, GeorgiaJustin P . Allman, Philadelphia, Pa.Simon Bergman, New York CityDavid M. Bressler, New York City, ChairmanArthur Brin, Minneapolis, MinnesotaHenry S. Hendricks, New York CityHarry A. Hollzer, Los Angeles, Calif .Joseph J. Klein, New York CityEdward Lazansky, New York CityJames Marshall, New York CitySigmond Sanger, Toledo, OhioBenjamin Stolz, Syracuse, N . Y .Felix Vorenberg, Boston, Mass .

Following is a list of the nominees of the NominatingCommittee

*To fill vacancy .

STATE CITY NOMINEES

California Long Beach *Harvey B. FranklinLos Angeles M. J . FinkensteinSan Diego *Jacob Weinberger

Colorado Denver *Charles RosenbaumConnecticut New Britain *Morris D . Saxe

New Haven *S. Frederick WetzlerNew London Ezekiel Spitz, to succeed

Nestor DreyfusStamford *Abraham Wofsey


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STATE CITY NOMINEESFlorida Jacksonville Morton R . Hirschberg

Miami D. J . ApteTampa *Ernest Maas

Illinois Chicago *Milton S . FlorsheimAlfred K. Foreman*A Richard FrankFrank L. Sulzberger

Peoria W. B. WoolnerIndiana Gary *Louis H. Glueck

Terre Haute *Louis BrownIowa Mason City *Sam RaizesKansas Kansas City *Joseph CohenMaine Bangor *Michael PilotMaryland Baltimore *Sidney LansburghMassachusetts Boston James Solomont

Salem *Max GoldbergWorcester *Joseph Talamo

Michigan Grand Rapids Philip F . Waterman, to suc-ceed Julius H . Amberg

Minnesota Duluth *Edward A . SilbersteinNebraska Lincoln *Nathan J . GoldNew Jersey Atlantic City Joseph B. Perskie

East Orange A. J . DimondNew Brunswick Abraham JelinNewark *Meyer C. Ellenstein

New Mexico Las Vegas Louis C. IlfeldNew York Buffalo Joseph L. Fink

Herman WileElmira Benjamin F. LevyNew York City Edward L. Bernays

Herman BernsteinDavid M . Bressler*Morris R . CohenDavid M. Heyman

To fill vacancy. Henry Ittleson

*To fill vacancy .

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Arthur K. KuhnHerbert H . LehmanSolomon LowensteinAlexander Marx*Lawrence Marx*Henry Moskowitz*Walter W. Rothschild*Samuel SalzmanHugh Grant StrausRoger W. StrausSolomon M . StroockFelix M. WarburgRalph Wolf

Rochester Henry M. SternTroy *Joseph GoodmanUtica S. Joshua Kohn

North Carolina Goldsboro Lionel Weil

Ohio Canton *A. M. LuntzToledo Sigmond Sanger

Pennsylvania Braddock *Malcolm GoldsmithChester *Nathan SpeareErie Isador SobelMcKeesport *Herman LevinePhiladelphia Cyrus Adler

Horace SternMorris Wolf*Al. Paul Lefton

Rhode Island Woonsocket *Arthur I . DarmanSouth Carolina Charleston Sidney Rittenberg, to succeed

I. BlankTennessee Chattanooga *Sidney Marks

Knoxville *Ben R. WinickNashville Nathan Cohn

Texas Beaumont *Benjamin BlumGalveston Isaac H. Kempner

In the following communities, in which the Committeereceives its support from local federations or welfarefunds, the nominations were made by the Boards of thoseorganizations

As is required by the By-Laws, the sustaining memberswere given an opportunity to make independent nomina-tions .

*To fill vacancy .


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STATE CITY NOMINEES

Utah Salt Lake City *Julian M. Bamberger

Vermont Burlington *Samuel LismanMontpelier *E. L . Segel

Virginia Portsmouth *Julian M. BlachmanRichmond Irving May

STATECalifornia

CITYLos AngelesOaklandSan Francisco

NOMINEESLester W. RothB. L. MosbacherMax C. Sloss

Michigan Detroit Julian H. Krolik

Minnesota Minneapolis Arthur Brin

Missouri Kansas City *George OppenheimerSt. Louis Charles W. Rice

Aaron Waldheim

Ohio Cincinnati Murray SeasongoodCleveland Edward M . Baker

Pennsylvania Reading Alex. L. LuriaScranton *Leon M. Levy

Tennessee Memphis *Louis Levy

Texas Dallas J. K. Hexter

Wisconsin Sheboygan *George Holman

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The national organizations which are affiliated with theCommittee designated the following delegates for the year1935 :AMERICAN JEWISH HISTORICAL SOCIETY, A. S. W.

RosenbachB'RITH SHOLOM, Martin O. Levy, William M. LewisCENTRAL CONFERENCE OF AMERICAN RABBIS, SamuelH. Goldenson

CONFERENCE COMMITTEE OF NATIONAL JEWISHWOMEN'S ORGANIZATIONS, Estelle M. Sternberger

COUNCIL OF YOUNG ISRAEL AND YOUNG ISRAEL OR-GANIZATIONS, Edward S. Silver

HADASSAH, Mrs . A. Lamport, Mrs . David de Sola PoolHEBREW SHELTERING AND IMMIGRANT AID SOCIETY OFAMERICA, John L. Bernstein, Abraham Herman,Harry Fischel, Jacob Massel, Albert Rosenblatt

INDEPENDENT ORDER B'RITH ABRAHAM, Max Silver-stein, Samuel Goldstein, Leon Sanders, Max L . Hol-lander

INDEPENDENT ORDER FREE SONS OF ISRAEL, Simon M .Goldsmith

JEWISH WELFARE BOARD, Joseph RosenzweigNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF JEWISH SOCIAL SERVICE,Fred M . Butzel

NATIONAL COUNCIL OF JEWISH WOMEN, Mrs. MauriceL. Goldman

ORDER OF THE UNITED HEBREW BROTHERS, Max E.Greenberg

PROGRESSIVE ORDER OF THE WEST, A . D. BearmanRABBINICAL ASSEMBLY OF THE JEWISH THEOLOGICALSEMINARY OF AMERICA, Elias Margolis

UNION OF ORTHODOX JEWISH CONGREGATIONS OFAMERICA, Benjamin Koenigsberg, William Weiss


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UNITED ROUMANIAN JEWS OF AMERICA, HermanSpeier, Leo Wolf son

UNITED SYNAGOGUE OF AMERICA, Louis J. MossWOMEN'S BRANCH OF THE UNION OF ORTHODOX JEW-

ISH CONGREGATIONS OF AMERICA, Mrs. Joseph M .Asher

WOMEN'S LEAGUE OF THE UNITED SYNAGOGUE OFAMERICA, Mrs. Moses Hyamson, Miss Sarah Kussy,Mrs. Samuel Spiegel

Your Committee takes pleasure in nominating the fol-lowing persons for Membership-at-Large, to serve forone year

Louis Bamberger, NewarkLeo M . Brown, MobileJacob Epstein, BaltimoreEli Frank, BaltimoreN. B . Goldstein, MilwaukeeAlbert M. Greenfield, PhiladelphiaHiram S. Halle, New YorkHerbert J. Hannoch, NewarkHarold Hirsch, AtlantaWilliam L. Holzman, OmahaPhilip C. Joslin, ProvidenceJ. J. Kaplan, BostonLouis E. Kirstein, BostonFred Lazarus, Jr ., ColumbusAlbert C. Lehman, PittsburghSamuel D. Liedesdorf, New YorkMonte M. Lemann, New OrleansAustin T. Levy, Harrisville, R. I .Chas. J. Liebman, New YorkJulian W. Mack, New York

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George Z. Medalie, New YorkHenry Morgenthau, Sr., New YorkReuben Oppenheimer, BaltimoreMilton J . Rosenau, BostonLessing J . Rosenwald, PhiladelphiaMorris Rothenberg, New YorkHenry Sachs, Colorado SpringsFrederic W. Wile, Washington, D. C .Henry Wineman, DetroitLeo Wolman, New York

4. Activities of Field RepresentativeIn the spring of 1933, Rabbi Abba Abrams volunteered

to devote his vacation to carrying the message of the Com-mittee to a number of communities . The interest dis-played in his visits was so gratifying that the decision wasmade to have Rabbi Abrams continue his service as amember of the Committee's staff . His activities have re-sulted in a wider distribution of information, and in bring-ing the program of the Committee to the attention ofcommunities in which the Committee hitherto had no repre-sentation or membership .

During the past year, Rabbi Abrams visited thefollowing 111 communities in 25 states, and the Districtof Columbia :

ALABAMA : BirminghamCONNECTICUT : Bridgeport, Danbury, Hartford, New Haven,

New London, Stamford, WaterburyDELAWARE : WilmingtonDISTRICT OF COLUMBIA : WashingtonFLORIDA : Miami, Jacksonville, TampaGEORGIA : Atlanta, Macon, Savannah, AugustaILLINOIS : Peoria, Moline, Rock Island


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INDIANA : Indianapolis, South Bend, Terre HauteIowA : DavenportLOUISIANA : New OrleansMAINE : Augusta, Bangor, Gardiner, Lewiston, Portland,

WatervilleMASSACHUSETTS : Boston, Brockton, Chelsea, Fall River, Hav-

erhill, Lawrence, Lowell, Lynn, Malden, New Bedford,Pittsfield, Somerville, Springfield, Worcester

MINNESOTA : Duluth, Minneapolis, St. PaulMISSISSIPPI : Jackson, Meridian, VicksburgMISSOURI : Kansas City, St. LouisNEW HAMPSHIRE : Franklin, Manchester, Nashua, PortsmouthNEW JERSEY : Atlantic City, Bayonne, Camden, Elizabeth,

Hoboken, Jersey City, New Brunswick, Newark, Paterson,Plainfield, Trenton, West New York

NEW YORK : Albany, Binghamton, Buffalo, Elmira, MountVernon, New Rochelle, Niagara Falls, Poughkeepsie, New-burgh, Rochester, Schenectady, Syracuse, Utica, Troy,White Plains, Yonkers

NORTH CAROLINA : GreensboroOHIO : Akron, Cincinnati, Columbus, Toledo, YoungstownPENNSYLVANIA : Allentown, Erie, Harrisburg, Hazelton, Lan-

caster, Pittsburgh, Scranton, WilkesbarreRHODE ISLAND : ProvidenceTENNESSEE : Memphis, Nashville, ChattanoogaVIRGINIA : Newport News, Norfolk, Richmond, Roanoke,

PortsmouthWIScoNSIN : Madison, Milwaukee, Superior

5. Regional Conferences and Chicago MeetingTo make it possible for members of the Executive Com-

mittee and of the staff to address the membership in a widearea, on the problems with which the Committee is dealing,and at the same time to permit members who could notattend the annual meetings which have been held in NewYork City, to meet with the officers of the Committee andto offer counsel on these problems, the Committee arrangedseveral conferences during the year 1934, and also a mid-

88

The Anwrican Jewish Committee

year meeting of the corporate membership . These con-ferences were held in the following cities, embracing theterritory indicated

1 . ATLANTA, March 11, 1934, with representatives in-vited from communities in the states of Alabama,Florida, Georgia, Mississippi, North Carolina, SouthCarolina and Kentucky .

2. NEw ORLEANS, March 25, 1934, with representa-tives present from communities in the states ofLouisiana, Oklahoma and Texas .

3. NEw YORK CITY, March 27, 1934, with representa-tives present from communities in southeastern NewYork and northern New Jersey .

The mid-year meeting of the Corporate Membershipwas held in Chicago, June 10, 1934, with members andguests invited from every state . At this meeting a totalof 293 individuals, from 25 states, were in attendance .

6. State Advisory CouncilsIn view of the intensified activity and growth of the

Committee, your Executive Committee has authorized thecreation of State Advisory Councils in each state . Themembers of these Councils are being selected from amongsustaining members who have shown an interest in theCommittee's work. On recommendation of the corporatemembers in the different states .

7. Change of Date of Annual MeetingYour Executive Committee voted to hold the Annual

Meeting this year in January, 1935, and submits a recom-mendation for revising the by-laws to provide that here-after the Annual Meetings be held in the same month .


Report of the TreasurerTo the Members o f the American Jewish Committee :

Our fiscal year which, since the Committee's inception inNovember 1906, ended on October 31, 1934, has beenchanged to coincide with the calendar year, namely fromJanuary 1 to December 31 . This report covers the fourteenmonths' period from November 1, 1933 through Decem-ber 31, 1934.

I have an audited statement of receipts and expendituresfor this period which is attached as part of this report andwhich will be incorporated in all its details in the printedproceedings of the meeting .

The following items respecting the sources of our in-come will be of interest :

Roughly speaking, the Committee enjoys five sources ofincome1 . Individual members,-there were 2,732

such individuals, who contributed in theaggregate $105,815.58

2. 36 local organizations, which contributeda total of 1,397.59

3. 21 Welfare Funds and Federations, whichcontributed 9,704.32

4. 43 Appropriations made through specialcommunity drives or appeals, giving atotal of 10,637.00

5 . 12 National organizations, inclusive offoundations, from whom we secured6,202.28

$133,756.77It will also be of interest to know that, geographically

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speaking, contributions from New York City aggregated$60,222.23 ; from Chicago, $20,940 .31 ; and that the re-maining $52,594.23 came from 287 other communities inthe United States .

A budget has been prepared for the Executive Com-mittee which calls for $200,000 for the year 1935 . Thislarge increase in the budget is made necessary by the factthat the Committee has found it desirable to finance cer-tain very important and far-reaching educational workwhich, during the past year, was financed from privatesources. This financial assistance was given for this workin order to test its efficacy and to afford it an opportunityfor developing a program, with the understanding thatshould the Committee find it useful, the Committee wouldbe expected to obtain the funds necessary for its continua-tion and expansion . The results of the work have beengratifying, and, convinced of the importance of carryingit on, the Committee has gladly assumed this additionalburden, confident that our friends and members through-out the country will cheerfully contribute the additionalfunds necessary .

I cannot close this report without expressing our deepappreciation to our Committee Members and other friendsthroughout the country for their fine cooperation in aug-menting the support of their communities . I am gratefulto the members of the Executive Committee who werenot only exceptionally generous in their contributionsbut also enlisted the generous support of numerousfriends . A sincere word of appreciation has also beenmerited by our secretary, Mr . Waldman, and the membersof his staff, especially Messrs . Schneiderman and Wallachand Rabbi Abba Abrams, our field representative . By


93

his effective organization of this work, our Secretary hasaided the Treasurer greatly in the very important task ofobtaining funds indispensable to the Committee for itsdiversified activities .

We look forward confidently to augmented cooperationon the part of our members and friends in all parts of thecountry .

Respectfully submitted,SAMUEL D. LEIDESDORF,

Treasurer .

Appendix

REPORT OF THE AUDITORJanuary 4, 1935

The American Jewish Committee171 Madison AvenueNew York CityGentlemen

In accordance with your instructions, I have examinedthe books and accounts of the American Jewish Commit-tee, for the fourteen months' period beginning November1, 1933 and ended December 31, 1934 . This was madenecessary by reason of a change in the fiscal year of yourCommittee, which formerly ended on October 31st, butwhich has now been changed to coincide with the calendaryear .

The results of this work are presented in the accom-panying Exhibits and Schedules, as follows

EXHIBIT "A"-Balance Sheet-General Fund-as atDecember 31, 1934 .

EXHIBIT "B"-Statement of Income and Expenses forthe fourteen months ended December31, 1934.

Schedule B-1 Statement of Income from Federationsand Foundations.

B-2 Statement of Income from CommunityAppeals .

B-3 Statement of Operation and Mainte-nance Expenses-General Office .

B-4 Statement of American Jewish YearBook Expenses .

94

Appendix-Report of the Auditor

95

EXHIBIT "C"-Balance Sheet-Louis Marshall Fundas at December 31, 1934 .

EXHIBIT "D"-Balance Sheet-Special Fund for Edu-cational Program as at December 31,1934.

The cash on hand was verified by actual count ; the cashon deposit with the Manufacturers Trust Company whichincluded the Treasurer's account, the Regular account, andthe Special account, and the amounts on deposit in theEmigrants Savings Bank, Irving Savings Bank and Bankfor Savings were confirmed by certificates submitted bythe banks. The cash disbursements were verified by com-parison with vouchers submitted .

I hereby certify that the balance sheets marked Exhibit"A," Exhibit "C" and Exhibit "D" and the accompanyingstatement of Income and Expenses marked Exhibit "B"are in agreement with the books and in my opinion areproperly drawn so as to reflect the true financial conditionof the Committee, at December 31, 1934 and its activitiesfor the fourteen months' period then ended .

Respectfully submitted,(Signed) M . PARMET

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Exhibit "A"GENERAL FUND

BALANCE SHEET-AS AT DECEMBER 31, 1934ASSETS

CASH ON DEPOSITManufacturers Trust Company

$5,304.38CASH ON HANDPetty Cash Fund 50.00

FURNITURE & FIXTURESAt Cost

5,921.33Less : Reserve for Depreciation 2,086 .65

Net Book Value3,834.68Loans Receivable 75.00

OTHER ASSETSFive Units of Certificate No . 51"The Shoreland" - Chicago-

Book Value 1.00DEFERRED CHARGESInsurance Unexpired 64.67

TOTAL ASSETS $9,329 .73

LIABILITIESAccrued Expenses $689.89

TOTAL LIABILITIES 689.89

GENERAL FUND SURPLUSSurplus-November 1, 1933$1,397.72Add : Excess of Income over Expenses for

14 Months Ended December 31, 1934after providii .g for Reserve and Edu-cational Program-Exhibit "B"7,242.12

GENERAL FUND SURPLUS-DECEMBER 31, 1934

$8,639.84

Exhibit "B"STATEMENT OF INCOME AND EXPENSES

INCOMEINCOME FROM MEMBERSSustaining Members$23,103 .35Contributing Members649.55

Total Income from Members$23,752.90

Appendix-Report of the Auditor

97

Income brought forward $23,752.90INCOME FROM OTHER SOURCESFederations and Foundations-Schedule B-1 17,794.32Community Appeals-Schedule B-225,723 .43Special Individual Contributions66,476.12Liquidating Distribution of $2 per share-"The Shoreland" 10.00

Total Income from Other Sources110,003.87

TOTAL INCOME-ALL SOURCES

EXPENSES AND RESERVES

Operation and Maintenance Expenses -Schedule B-3$82,329.87

American Jewish Year Book Expenses-Schedule B-4 3,752.28

Special Contributions and Appropriations . . 15,432 .50

$133,756 .77

TOTAL EXPENSES 101,514.65

EXCESS OF INCOME OVER EXPENSES $32,242 .12Less Special Reserve Fund for EducationalProgram 25,000 .00

Excess of Income over Expenses and Reserves

$7,242 .12

Schedule B-3

STATEMENT OF OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE

EXPENSES -GENERAL OFFICE

SALARIES :

Secretarial and Office1,131.18Research and Library7,058.05

Total $48,189 .23

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Expenses brought forward $48,189 .23OTHER EXPENSES

Rent and Light of Office 3,503.88Postage-Current Mail 2,662.04Stationery and Printing including 27th An-

nual Report 2,539.92Telephone and Telegraph 1,202.90Clippings 1,337.45Books and Periodicals 1,266.84Executive and General Meeting Expenses .. 1,715 .81Legal and Auditing Fees 100.00Repairing and Maintaining Office Equipment 85 .47Insurance 107.39Storage of Office Records 200.47Depreciation of Furniture and Fixtures550.52Traveling ExpensesLondon Conference3,250.00All Other 5,637.46

Total 8,887.46

Membership Campaign Expenses545.82Multigraphing and Mailing, including sal-

aries 4,037.90Pamphlet Printing 3,446.03Tax on Checks 20.02Rental of Typewriters 78.00Kohler Memorial 76.23Miscellaneous Office Expenses$1,776.46

TOTAL OPERATION AND MAINTENANCEEXPENSES-GENERAL OFFICE 2,329 .87

Schedule B-4STATEMENT OF AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

EXPENSES

Editorial Service $1,660.00Office Salary 1,946.69Miscellaneous 445.59

TOTAL AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOKEXPENSES $3,752.28

Exhibit "E"RESERVE FUND FOR EDUCATIONAL PROGRAM

BALANCE SHEET-DECEMBER 31, 1934ASSETS

CASH ON DEPOSITManufacturers Trust Co$25,000.00

REPRESENTINGReserve Fund for Educational Program . . . . $25,000.00

Appendix-Report of the Auditor 99

Exhibit "D"

Louis MARSHALL FUND

BALANCE SHEET-DECEMBER 31, 1934

ASSETS

CASH ON DEPOSIT

Emigrant Industrial Savings Bank $7,634 .47Irving Savings Bank 3,236.15Bank for Savings 4,461.07

TOTAL ASSETS $15,331.69REPRESENTING

Louis Marshall Fund Surplus - Balance -N"vember 1, 1933$14,942.18

Add : Interest on Bank Balances 389.51

TOTAL LOUIS MARSHALL FUND SURPLUS -DECEMBER 31, 1934 $15,331 .69

Address byNeville Laski, Esq., K. C.

ADDRESS BY NEVILLE LASKI, K .C.President, Board of Deputies of British Jews

Mr. Chairman, Ladies and Gentlemen :I little thought, when I met Dr . Adler recently at a meet-

ing of the Board of Deputies, that I should, not manymonths afterward, have the privilege of having your An-nual Meeting fixed so that I could attend . I am glad I at-tended for more than one reason . You, representatives ofthe American Jewry, have so often come to England and tothe Continent to consult with us and give us the advantageof your experience and wise counsel, and so very rarelyhave we reciprocated by coming to you to place our smallexperience and intelligence at your disposal . And I hopethat coming in my official capacity with the full consent andapproval of those over whom I preside, may establish atradition of more frequent mutual interchange of visits .

I think that it is appropriate that at this meeting I shouldobserve one or two of the things to which Dr. Adler hasreferred in his distinguished address . The first matterwhich I choose for reference is the movement for a so-called World Jewish Congress . This is not a new ideaand it is a matter which, if you will forgive me for stress-ing it, concerns those of us who live in the Old Worldrather more than you who live in the New World, becausewe are nearer a center of storm and agitation than you .And I think sometimes the proponents of that idea in thisgreat country, have a detachment from the European scenewhich makes them a little less informed and a little lesscapable of judging of the evil implications that will in ouropinion inevitably follow .

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We have, not only in England but in Holland, Belgium,and France, four not unimportant communities of the OldWorld Jewish communities, considered this question . Andwe have considered it and I chose my adjectives carefullyintending that full weight shall be given to the quality ofeach of them-we have considered this question imperson-ally and we have considered it intellectually . I have read,so far as I could lay hands upon it, all the literature andspeeches, and they have been voluminous, which have beenadvanced by those who favor this idea . I have no doubtthere are certain limitations which a lawyer's training im-poses upon his ability intellectually to grasp things . I canonly say that I feel that sometimes the language of ad-vocacy on the part of the people who wish for this WorldJewish Congress, lacks concreteness and precision andseems sometimes to come from a lyrical cloudland rathertLan to belong to a world of reality in which, fortunatelyor unfortunately, we live .

This summer, we were again invited by one of the mostpersuasive and competent advocates of this idea, Dr . Gold-mann, to adhere to it, and he addressed a specially ar-ranged meeting in Paris, which Mr . Waldman attended .'There were present at that meeting outstanding represen-tatives of the English, Dutch, Belgian, and French com-munities, approaching the problem from exactly the basisI have indicated, and it was once more unhesitatinglyturned down. We were then asked to send observers to

-the meeting, and we turned that down too because we werenot prepared to believe that we should alter from our pointof view ; if we tried to retain our quality of observers wewould very soon be translated into adherents .

I have only heard Dr. Adler read what I am sure is theconsidered view of the American Jewish Committee . I

Address by Neville Laski, K.C .

105

believe it to be the considered view of the majority of rightthinking American Jews. It is certainly the view of thosecountries I have mentioned, and if the American JewishCommittee and the accredited heads of the four greatcommunities I have mentioned, refuse to adhere to thisWorld Jewish Congress, it seems to me it will be somewhatof a farce to continue with the idea .

We are always prepared, of course, to consider any fresharguments that will be put forward . I don't believe thereare any fresh arguments . The matter has been pending solong that we have probably exhausted such intellectualityas could be brought into the debate. But if there are newarguments let them be brought forward now and we arealways strong enough to change our minds . But I dofeel, coming from Europe, from the Old World to theNew, that I can say that I would regard it, and my friendswould regard it, as a disaster that this idea should goforward . Insofar as the proof of the pudding is in theeating, let me say this : Jews and non-Jews have studiedwith care what is grandiloquently called the protocols ofthe three preliminary conferences or congresses that havetaken place at Geneva. I say nothing, in fact I say every-thing for the quality of the oratory, as sheer oratory,which distinguished those proceedings, but I have yet tofind, after careful scrutiny, that there emerged from eith-er of them one single constructive idea that has advancedin any way any of the many problems that harass us .

I also want to say this. It may be within the knowledgeof some of you that I have somewhat wandered about theearth during the last two years in pursuance of my properbusiness as president of the Board, and Chairman of theJoint Foreign Committee, and I was at Geneva during the

106


last assembly of. the League, and I can say from my ownresponsibility and knowledge that there was a representa-tive of a great power who refused to see me and a certainother person with whom I was working at that time, be-cause of the offense he took about a speech made by a cer-tain individual at the last meeting of the World JewishConference.

Jews ought not in large measure to deal with these deli-cate questions involving perhaps the lives of fellow-Jews,unless they have a certain technical training in these mat-ters, which is painfully acquired, and I say, also with de-liberation, that my experience is that public business is nottransacted normally at public meetings.

I am proud also to be here for another reason . Eversince the establishment of the American Jewish Committee,you have been the correspondents, the valued corre-spondents of ourselves, of the French, of the Belgians, andof the Dutch, and we have retained that correspondencefor this reason, if for no other, that you speak in the sametempo as we do. Your approach to your problems and toour world Jewish problem is the same as ours . We haveno objection whatever, indeed we have contacts the sameas yourself which we value, with other bodies, includingthe American Jewish Congress. We respect their pointof view and know they will respect ours, but we must begleave to differ, and agree to differ because our approach isan entirely different approach .

I don't think myself, and I say it with emphasis, thatthe mere repetition of protests is of any real value . It isof value perhaps as satisfying the emotional urge that iswithin ourselves, but if you cry "Wolf!" too often peoplebegin to disregard it . And we have found, in England at

Address by Neville Laski, K.C .

107

any rate, which is rather nearer to Germany than America,that protests by Jews, whilst they may satisfy-and I amsure they do satisfy, because one has seen the satisfactionradiating in the faces of orators and audiences-while theydo satisfy the emotion of the Jews who get up the meeting,serve no useful purpose, and we felt that a meeting thatwas held at Queens Hall under the chairmanship of LordBuckmaster, addressed by the Archbishop, the head of thefree churches, and the head of the Catholic laity of Eng-land, was a far more distinguished contribution to thecause of the German Jews .

Of course, the view that I put forward I know is noteverybody's view, but we do endeavor to put forward theseviews impersonally, without heat . I would like to feelthat there could be unification of Jewish affairs every-where. We in England are a unified community . We area constitutional body which of course has the advantage ofa long history dating back to 1760, and I would like to giveyou an instance, if I may, of the mischief of these inter-national assemblies . We in Europe have been much op-pressed by what are known as the "Protocols of the Eldersof Zion." The German Government, which has unlimitablemeans for everything except the honorable discharge ofher debts, has spent millions of marks in sending thoseprotocols into almost every country of Europe, includingthe two liberal-minded Scandinavian countries, and on anignorant and credulous population they have had a veryconsiderable effect, and so long as the Nazi regime and itspresent intensity of Jew-hatred and Jew-baiting continues,so long with greater intensity will the Nazi regime propa-gate that pernicious doctrine that there is an internationalpolitical Jewry .

108


Can you at this time, whatever may be the propriety ofanother time-can you conceive of anything more in thenature of playing into the hands of your enemy than de-liberately to erect the very international political assemblieswhich you are at pains to deny exist? It seems to me thatif you want to establish, instead of dis-establish, the valid-ity of the protocols as being an exemplar of the type oforganization secretive in the Jewish community, with theobjects that are indicated as being the objects of thelearned Elders of Zion, that you couldn't choose a morespeedy or more effective method of saving the GermanGovernment money and giving the population of Europethe proof of that which the German Government alleges .To me it is a very real thing . I believe in internationalconference, but I believe in international conference withinlimits, and I believe in it proportioned to the use that canbe made of international conference .

It is known that from time to time representatives of theJewry, having a common problem and feeling that meetingface to face will be far more advantageous than the ex-change of letters, do meet. I have attended many . I amsure Dr. Adler in his long and distinguished career hasattended many also. However, to have this form of con-tinuous session seems to me to be a waste of time, a wasteof money, and a waste of such safety as remains to theJewish people . It is all very well having conferences inrelation to specific problems such as Palestine and relief,but it is a much different thing to have unlimited andformal conferences relating to political affairs . One knowsabout the Powers at conferences relating to political af-fairs, that whatever they may do in the open no one believesthat the open statement is anything like the measure of the

Address by Neville Laski, K .C .

109

facts which lie beneath the surface . And the same thingwill be said of us .

I feel very strongly on this subject, as a European Jew,and so do many others of my friends . I hope you feel justas strongly and come to a realization of these dangers . Iknow that there are many Jews in Eastern Europe-andbelieve me that no one who has seen them as they live canhelp but have sympathy for them in the conditions inwhich they live-who yearn to have some of that freeexpression which they are unable to get in their own coun-try . We can sympathize with that wish, but we cannotsubmit to it in affairs relating to world Jewry and to theobligations of citizenship in our respective countries .

This world congress idea must be resisted. We mustplay no part in it, and I feel that we must, as plainly aspossible, give the reasons which induce us to refuse to takepart. We have in England-where the question has nota isen in quite so pressing a form-given a public, reasonedstatement of our attitude.

I end by saying that it would be impertinent of me tointerfere with regard to a matter of purely American,domestic Jewish politics . I have not done that becausethe differences between the American Jewish Congress andthe American Jewish Committee are matters upon which,if I may use an Americanism which I have acquired sinceI have been here, I do not propose to pass . I am notgoing to hand down any judgment on that ; that is yourbusiness, not mine . But t!-e difference between the Ameri-can Jewish Committee and the American Jewish Congresson the matter of the World Jewish Congress is my businessand Europe's business as much as yours . On this I amentitled to speak and I have spoken .

110


There is only one more thing I want to say .I have had some considerable time in contact with Mr .

Waldman and the others associated with him, and I havebeen much impressed, if I may be permitted to say so, asone who is head in another country of a large office, withthe efficiency with which it is conducted . And I may bea schnorrer on behalf of the American Jewish Committee,but if you want your organization to function you mustprovide the fuel and oil wherewith it functions . Workcannot be done in this sphere without money and I dohumbly agree with what Dr . Adler said that so often weare dealing with intangibles . What I have seen of thework of the American Jewish Committee fills me with ad-miration and in certain aspects with envy, and I do hopeit will have the unstinted support not only of this largeaudience, but of the larger community outside .

Act of Incorporation

By-Laws

ACT OF INCORPORATIONAN Acr to incorporate the American Jewish Committee .Became a law March 16, 1911, with the approval of theGovernor. Passed, three-fifths being present. Sec. 3amended in 1930.The People of the State of New York, represented inSenate and Assembly, do enact as follows :

Sec. 1 . Mayer Sulzberger, Julian W . Mack, Jacob H .Hollander, Julius Rosenwald, Cyrus Adler, Harry Cutler,Samuel Dorf, Judah L. Magnes, Jacob H . Schiff, IsadorSobel, Cyrus L . Sulzberger, A . Leo Weil and Louis Mar-shall, and their associates and successors, are hereby con-stituted a body corporate, in perpetuity, under the nameof The American Jewish Committee ; and by that nameshall possess all of the powers which by the general cor-poration law are conferred upon corporations, and shallbe capable of taking, holding and acquiring, by deed, gift,purchase, bequest, devise, or by judicial order or decree,any estate, real or personal, in trust or otherwise, whichshall be necessary or useful for the uses and purposes ofthe corporation, to the amount of three millions of dollars .

Sec. 2. The objects of this corporation shall be, to pre-vent the infraction of the civil and religious rights of Jews,in any part of the world ; to render all lawful assistanceand to take appropriate remedial action in the event ofthreatened or actual invasion or restriction of such rights,or of unfavorable discrimination with respect thereto ; tosecure for Jews equality of economic, social and educa-tional opportunity ; to alleviate the consequences of per-secution and to afford relief from calamities affectingJews, wherever they may occur ; and to compass these

113

1 14


ends to administer any relief fund which shall come intoits possession or which may be received by it, in trust orotherwise, for any of the aforesaid objects or for purposescomprehended therein .

Sec. 3 . The business and affairs of said corporation shallbe conducted by a board of not less than fifteen or morethan thirty,* to be known as the Executive Committee. Themembers of the Executive Committee shall be dividedinto three classes, the first of which shall hold office untilJanuary first nineteen hundred and thirty-one, the secondfor one year thereafter, and the third for two years there-after, and such members of the Executive Committee asmay be hereafter added to said Committee shall in likemanner be apportioned to said three classes. At the ex-piration of the term of any member of the ExecutiveCommittee his successor shall be elected for the term ofthree years . All vacancies which may occur in said Ex-ecutive Committee shall be filled until the ensuing yearby said Committee. An annual election for the membersof said Executive Committee shall be held at such timeand in such manner as shall be fixed by the by-laws nowin force or hereafter adopted by said Executive Commit-tee . A quorum of said Executive Committee shall befixed by the By-Laws, but no By-Law shall be adopted,amended or repealed without the presence of a majorityof the members of said Committee for the time being ;provided, however, that the By-Laws with respect tomembership in the corporation shall not be altered, revisedor amended except as provided in section four of this act.

Sec. 4 . The members of said corporation shall consistof the persons who shall be designated and chosen for

*A bill amending the Charter to increase this number to fifty is now pending .

By-Laws

115

membership by such method or methods and by such or-ganizations, societies and nominating bodies as shall beprovided in By-Laws to be adopted for that purpose bythe Executive Committee, such By-Laws being, however,subject to alteration, revision or amendment at any regu-lar meeting of the members of the corporation or at ameeting called for such purpose ; provided that thirtydays' notice be given of the proposed change and that suchalteration, revision or amendment shall be carried by amajority of at least twenty votes ; and not otherwise .

Sec. 5. This act shall take effect immediately .

BY-LAWSI . MEMBERS OF THE GENERAL COMMITTEE

The Corporate members of the Committee, who forpurposes of convenience shall be known as the GeneralCommittee, shall be of three classes

Class A. Community Representatives .

Class B . Delegates from National Jewish organizations .

Class C. Members-at-large .

II . MEMBERS OF CLASS A

1. Community Representatives shall be chosen forthree years and shall be apportioned in accordance withthe Jewish population of the various cities and states ofthe country, as estimated, from time to time, by the Sta-tistical Department of the Committee, on the followingbasis, to wit : For each city with a Jewish population offrom 1,000 to 20,000 souls, one representative ; for each

1 16


city with a Jewish population of 20,000 souls or over, upto 100,000, two representatives ; for cities with a Jewishpopulation over 100,000, one representative for each25,000 up to 1,000,000, and one representative for each100,000 thereafter ; for each state having no cities with aJewish population of 1,000 or over, one representative .2. Community Representatives shall be elected by the

Sustaining Members residing in each city entitled to arepresentative, or in such states as have no cities entitledto representation, in the manner described in Section 3of this article, except that in those cities in which theCommittee derives its support from local federations, theboards of directors of such federations shall elect the com-munity representatives ; provided, however, that the ex-isting membership of the Committee be not affected untilthe terms for which they have been elected shall haveexpired, and provided, further, that wherever th plan ofapportionment described in Section 1 calls for the electionof representatives in addition to those who are membersof the Committee at the time this By-Law is adopted,such additional members shall be elected for one year bythe Executive Committee, but thereafter they shall beelected in accordance with the procedure described inSection 3 of this article .

3. Community Representatives to fill vacancies or tosucceed Members whose terms expire upon the date ofthe ensuing Annual Meeting shall be elected in the follow-ing manner : The Executive Committee shall appoint aNominating Committee of fourteen corporate members .Not later than the first of October of each year, the Nom-inating Committee shall, by mail, notify Sustaining Mem-bers that nominations are in order, submitting lists of the

By-Laws 117

existing or prospective vacancies, together with a list ofpersons whom it nominates to fill such vacancies . TheSustaining Members shall be invited to make nominationsin their respective Communities, other than those pro-posed by the Nominating Committee, each such inde-pendent nominee to be seconded by at least two SustainingMembers resident in the community. After the willing-ness of the nominees to serve has been ascertained, theindependent nominees having been informed of the namesof the candidates of the Nominating Committee, a ballotfor each city or state bearing the names of all nomineeswho have accepted the nomination shall be sent by mail, notlater than December 1, to each Sustaining Member, whoshall be invited to indicate his preference and to returnthe ballot to the office of the Committee . The ballot shallindicate which nominees have been selected by the Nom-inating Committee and which by independent nominationand shall be returned by the voter in a sealed envelopemarked : "BALLOT cast byofCityState."The polls shall be closed at 10 A . M. on the day of theAnnual Meeting, when the envelopes shall be opened andthe ballots canvassed publicly by tellers appointed by thepresiding officer . The person receiving a plurality of thevotes cast for a community representation shall be de-clared elected. In case of a tie between two or more can-didates, the Annual Meeting shall elect one from amongthe persons so tied .

III . MEMBERS OF CLASS B

1. Members of Class B shall be chosen by the NationalJewish organizations for one year or until their successors

1 18


are chosen in such manner as the organizations shall deter-mine and to such number as is set forth below, it beingrecommended that all selections for membership in theAmerican Jewish Committee made by the national organi-zations be ratified at the next following general meetingof such organizations .

2. Each Jewish national organization shall have onerepresentative for members up to 10,000, a second repre-sentative for the next 20,000, a third for the next 25,000,and so on, at the same ratio .

IV. MEMBERS OF CLASS C

Members of Class C shall be elected for one year at theAnnual Meeting of the American Jewish Committee uponnomination of the Executive Committee thereof . ThisClass shall at no time exceed thirty in number .

V. SUSTAINING MEMBERS

All persons who make an annual contribution for thesupport of the Committee amounting to five dollars orover shall be designated as Sustaining Members, andshall, as long as they are in good standing, be entitled toreceive regular reports of the activities of the Committee,and to nominate and vote for District Members as pro-vided in Article III, Section 3 .

VI. OFFICERS

The Officers of the General Committee shall be a Pres-ident, two Vice-Presidents and a Treasurer, elected fromamong and by the Corporate members, and a Secretarywho need not be a member of the General Committee, andwho shall be elected by the Executive Committee, unless

By-Laws

119

otherwise ordered . The officers shall serve for one year oruntil their successors are elected.

VII. EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE

1. The General Committee shall elect not more thanforty-six members, who together with the four officers, towit, the President, Vice-Presidents and Treasurer, shallconstitute the Executive Committee, one-third of the mem-bership of which shall constitute a quorum for the transac-tion of business .

2. The Executive Committee shall, whenever it shalldeem it advisable, report its proceedings, or such partthereof as it shall determine to the members of the Gen-eral Committee by mail and shall render a complete reportof all matters considered and acted upon, at the AnnualMeeting of the Committee . Special committees may bedesignated by the Executive Committee from the body ofthe General Committee, which special committees shallreport to the Executive Committee from time to time .

VIII. MEETINGS

1. A stated meeting of the General Committee shall beheld annually in January at the City of New York, un-less the Executive Committee in their discretion determineotherwise . Special meetings shall be called upon the writ-ten request of twenty-five members of the General Com-mittee or may be called by the Executive Committee of itsown motion. Twenty-one members shall constitute aquorum of the General Committee .

2. Regular meetings of the Executive Committee shallbe held at least three times a year . Special meetings of

120


the Executive Committee may be held at the instance ofthe chairman or at the request of three members of thatCommittee. .

3. Notice of special meetings of the General Committeeor of the Executive Committee shall be given by mail ortelegraph to the members, stating as nearly as possible,within the discretion of the Executive Committee, the pur-pose for which the meeting is called .

IX. OFFICESThe principal office of the General Committee shall be

established in the City of New York, and other offices andagencies may be established outside of New York as theGeneral Committee or the Executive Committee may fromtime to time deem necessary .

X. AMENDMENTSThese By-Laws, except as limited by the Charter, shall

be subject to alteration, revision or amendment at anyregular meeting of the General Committee or at a meetingthereof called for such purpose, provided that thirty days'notice be given of the proposed change, and that the mo-tion for amendment be carried by a majority of at leasttwenty votes .

Lists

Corporate Members by States, Etc .

Corporate Members Alphabetically

Arranged

LIST OF CORPORATE MEMBERS BY CLASSES

Class A.-Community Representatives

STATES ANDCITIES

(According to Plan Adopted on December 6, 1931)

NO. OFREP'S

REPRESENTATIVES

123

TERMS

ALABAMABIRMINGHAM Milton H . Fies 1936MONTGOMERY Lucien Loeb 1937

ARIZONAPHOENIX 1

ARKANSASLITTLE ROCK I Charles Jacobson 1936

CALIFORNIALONG BEACH 1 Harvey B. Franklin 1938Los ANGELES 2 M. J . Finkenstein 1938

Harry A . Hollzer 1936Lester W . Roth 1938

OAKLAND 1 B. L. Mosbacher 1938PASADENA 1SACRAMENTO 1SAN DIEGO 1 Jacob Weinberger 1938SAN FRANCISCO 2 Jesse H. Steinhart 1936

Max C. Sloss 1938STOCKTON 1

COLORADODENVER 1 Charles Rosenbaum 1938PUEBLO 1

CONNECTICUTANSONIA 1BRIDGEPORT 1 Theodore E. Steiber 1937DANBURY 1 Nathan Spiro 1936HARTFORD 2 Benjamin L . Haas 1936

Isidore Wise 1937MERIDEN 1NEW BRITAIN 1 Morris D . Saxe 1938NEW HAVEN 2 S. Frederick Wetzler 1938NEW LONDON 1 Ezekiel Spitz 1938NORWALK 1

124


*Include Rock Island, and Moline, Ill ., and Davenport, Iowa .

STATES AND

NO. OFCITIES

REPS

CONNECTICUT-Continued

REPRESENTATIVES TERMS

NORWICH 1STAMFORD 1 Abraham Wofsey 1938WATERBURY I Philip N . Bernstein 1937

DELAWAREWILMINGTON 1 Aaron Finger 1936

DISTRICT OFCOLUMBIAWASHINGTON I Simon Lyon 1937

FLORIDAJACKSONVILLE I Morton R. Hirschberg 1938MIAMI 1 D. J . Apte 1938PENSACOLA 1 J . M. Edrehi 1937TAMPA I Ernest Maas 1938

GEORGIAATLANTA 1 Leonard Haas 1937SAVANNAH 1 Edmund H. Abrahams 1936

IDAHOBOISE 1 Leo J. Falk 1937

ILLINOISCHICAGO 13 Max Adler 1936

James H . Becker 1936Joseph L . Block 1936Abel Davis 1936James Davis 1936Max Epstein 1936Milton S . Florsheim 1938Alfred K. Foreman 1938A. Richard Frank 1938Bernard Horwich 1937Sol Kline 1936Albert D . Lasker 1937Jacob M . Loeb 1936Frank L. Sulzberger 1938

EAST ST. LOUIS 1OAK PARK 1PEORIA 1 W. B. Woolner 1938ROCK ISLAND

(Tri-Cities*) 1 Abraham W. Gellman 1936WAUKEGAN 1

District Members

125

STATES AND

NO. OFCITIES

REP'S

INDIANA


EVANSVILLE 1 Max De Jong 1936FORT WAYNE 1 Maurice Rosenthal 1936GARY 1 Louis H. Glueck 1938HAMMOND 1INDIANAPOLIS 1 Charles Sterne Rauh 1937

Sol S . Kiser 1936SOUTH BEND 1TERRE HAUTE 1 Louis Brown 1938

IOWADES MOINES 1 Eugene Mannheimer 1937MASON CITY 1 Sam Raizes 1938SIOUX CITY 1 Adolph M . Davis 1937DAVENPORT

(see Rock Island, Ill .)

KANSASKANSAS CITY 1 Joseph Cohen 1938

KENTUCKYLOUISVILLE 1 Fred Levy 1936

LOUISIANANEW ORLEANS 1 Ralph J. Schwarz 1936SHREVEPORT 1 A. B. Freyer 1936

MAINEBANGOR 1 Michael Pilot 1938PORTLAND 1

MARYLANDBALTIMORE 2 Jacob H. Hollander 1937

Sidney Lansburgh 1938

MASSACHUSETTSBEVERLY 1BOSTON 2 A. C. Ratshesky 1937

James Solomont 1938Felix Vorenberg 1936

BROCKTON 1BROOKLINE 1 Harry Levi 1937CAMBRIDGE 1CHELSEA 2 Maurice Tobey 1938

126


STATES AND

NO. OFCITIES

REP'S

MASSACHUSETTS-Continued


FALL RIVER 1 Nathan Yamins 1936HAVERHILL 1 Louis Hartman 1936HOLYOKE 1 Benjamin Evarts 1936LAWRENCE 1 Alexander L. Siskind 1936LOWELL 1 Maurice Barlof sky 1936LYNN 1 Henry Yozell 1937MALDEN 1 I . I . Kotzen 1936NEW BEDFORD 1 P. H . Viskind 1937PEABODY 1 Elihu A. Hershenson 1936PITTSFIELD 1 George Newman 1937QUINCY 1 Joseph B. Grossman 1936REVERE 1SALEM 1 Max Goldberg 1938SOMERVILLE 1 Hyman J . Routtenberg 1936SPRINGFIELD 1 Henry Lasker 1937WINTHROP 1WORCESTER 1 Joseph Talamo 1938

MICHIGANDETROIT 2 Henry M. Butzel 1936

Julian H . Krolik 1938Isadore Levin 1936

FLINT 1GRAND RAPIDS 1 Philip F . Waterman 1938HIGHLAND PARK 1

MINNESOTADULUTH 1 Edward A. Silberstein 1938MINNEAPOLIS 2 Arthur Brin 1938

Joseph H. Schanfeld 1937ST. PAUL 1 Isaac Summerfield 1937

MISSISSIPPIVICKSBURG 1 Ben H. Stein 1937

MISSOURIKANSAS CITY 2 Sig. Harzfeld 1937

George Oppenheimer 1936ST. JOSEPH 1 Harry Block 1937ST. Louis 2 Charles M . Rice 1938

Aaron Waldheim 1938MONTANABUTTE 1 Joseph Weinberg 1936

District Members 127

STATES ANDCITIES

NO. OFREP'S REPRESENTATIVES TERMS

NEBRASKALINCOLN 1 Nathan J. Gold 1937OMAHA 1 Harry A. Wolf 1937

NEVADARENO 1 Samuel Platt 1937

NEW HAMPSHIREMANCHESTER 1 Edward M. Chase 1936

NEW JERSEYASBURY PARK 1ATLANTIC CITY 1 Joseph B. Perskie 1938BAYONNE 1BLOOMFIELD 1CAMDEN 1 Benjamin Natal 1937EAST ORANGE 1 A. J. Dimond 1938ELIZABETH 1HOBOKEN 1IRVINGTON 1JERSEY CITY 1 Harry Goldowsky 1936LINDEN 1LONG BRANCH 1NEW BRUNSWICK 1 Abraham Jelin 1938NEWARK 2 Meyer C . Ellenstein 1938

Samuel Kessler 1937ORANGE 1PASSAIC 1PATERSON 2 Philip Dimond 1937PERTH AMBOY 1 Isaac Alpern 1937PLAINFIELD 1 William Newcorn 1936SOUTH ORANGE 1TRENTON 1 Phillip Forman 1936UNION 1WEST HOBOKEN 1WEST NEW YORK 1WOODBINE 1

NEW MEXICOLAS VEGAS 1 Louis C. Ilfeld 1938

NEW YORKALBANY 1BINGHAMTON 1 C. R. Rosenthal 1936BUFFALO 2 Joseph L. Fink 1938

Eugene Warner 1936Herman Wile 1938

ELM IRA 1 Benjamin F. Levy 1938FALLSBURGH 1

128


STATES AND

NO. OFCITIES

REP'S REPRESENTATIVES TERMS

NEW YORK-ContinuedGLOVERSVILLE 1KINGSTON 1LYNBROOK 1MONTICELLO 1MOUNT VERNON 1NEW ROCHELLE 1 Oscar Heyman 1938NEWBURGH 1 Bertram A. Stroock 1938NEW YORK CITY 48 Benjamin Altheimer 1936

Simon Bergman 1937Edward L . Bernays 1938Herman Bernstein 1938David M . Bressler 1938David A . Brown 1936Morris R. Cohen 1938Abram I . Elkus 1937Wm. Fischman 1937Norman S. Goetz 1937Samuel H. Goldenson 1937S. S . Goldwater 1937Henry S . Hendricks 1937David M. Heyman 1938Stanley M . Isaacs 1936Henry Ittleson 1938Joseph J . Klein 1936Arthur K. Kuhn 1938Arthur M. Lamport 1936Edward Lazansky 1937Herbert H . Lehman 1938Irving Lehman 1937Edgar A . Levy 1937Harry E . Lewis 1936Adolph Lewisohn 1937Wm. Liebermann 1936Solomon Lowenstein 1938James Marshall 1936Alexander Marx 1938Lawrence Marx 1938Isidore D. Morrison 1937Henry D. Moskowitz 1938George W. Naumburg 1936Carl H . Pforzheimer 1937Joseph M . Proskauer 1937Harold Riegelman 1936

STATES AND

NO. OFCITIES

REP'S

District Members

129

REPRESENTATIVES

TERMSNEW YORK CITY-Continued

James N . Rosenberg 1937Samuel I. Rosenman 1937Walter N. Rothschild 1938Samuel Salzman 1938Wolfgang S. Schwabacher 1937Bernard Semel 1936Fred M. Stein 1937I. M . Stettenheim 1937Hugh Grant Straus 1938Roger W. Straus 1938Lewis L. Strauss 1937Solomon M. Stroock 1938Felix M. Warburg 1938Ralph Wolf 1938

NIAGARA FALLS 1PEEKSKILL 1POUGHKEEPSIE 1ROCHESTER 2 Mortimer Adler 1936

Henry M. Stern 1938SCHENECTADY 1 Lewis Lurie 1936SYRACUSE 1 Benjamin Stolz 1936TROY 1 Joseph Goodman 1938UTICA 1 S. Joshua Kohn 1938WHITE PLAINS 1 P. Irving Grinberg 1937YONKERS 1

NORTH CAROLINAGOLDSBORO 1 Lionel Weil 1938

NORTH DAKOTAFARGO 1 D. M. Naftalin 1936

OHIOAKRON 1CANTON 1 A. M. Luntz 1938CINCINNATI 2 Samuel Ach 1936

David Philipson 1936Murray Seasongood 1938

CLEVELAND 2 Edward M. Baker 1938E. S . Halle 1937

CLEVELAND HEIGHTS 1COLUMBUS 1DAYTON 1 Milton C. Stern 1937TOLEDO 1 Sigmond Sanger 1938YOUNGSTOWN 1 Herman Ritter 1938


STATES ANDCITIES

OKLAHOMA

NO . OFREP'S REPRESENTATIVES TERMS

OKLAHOMA CITY S . K. Bernstein 1937TULSA Nathan Appleman 1937

OREGONPORTLAND 1 Julius L . Meier 1936

PENNSYLVANIAALLENTOW N 1 William Harris 1937ALTOONA 1 Isaiah Scheeline 1936BETHLEHEM 1BRADDOCK 1 Malcolm Goldsmith 1938CHESTER 1 Nathan Speare 1938EASTON 1ERIE 1 Isador Sobel 1938HARRISBURG 1 Gustav Kaplan 1937HAZELTON 1HOMESTEAD 1JOHNSTOWN 1 Nelson A . Elsasser 1937LANCASTER , 1 H. Elins 1937MCKEESPORT 1 Herman Levine 1938PHILADELPHIA 11 Cyrus Adler 1938

Justin P . Allman 1936Jacob Billikopf 1937Joseph L. Kun 1937Al. Paul Lefton 1938B. L. Levinthal 1937Howard A. Loeb 1937Victor Rosewater 1937Horace Stern 1938Morris Wolf 1938

PITTSBURGH 2 Edgar J . Kaufmann 1936Irvin F. Lehman 1937

PorrsvILLE 1READING i A. L . Luria 1938SCRANTON 1 Leon M. Levy 1938UNIONTOW N 1WILKES-BARRE 1 J . K. Weitzenkorn 1936

RHODE ISLANDPROVIDENCE 2 Archibald Silverman 1937

WOONSOCKET I Arthur I . Darman 1938

SOUTH CAROLINACHARLESTON I Sidney Rittenberg 1938

District Members 131

STATES ANDCITIES

NO. OFREPS REPRESENTATIVES TERMS

SOUTH DAKOTASioux FALLS 1

TENNESSEECHATTANOOGA 1 Sidney Marks 1938KNOXVILLE 1 Ben R. Winick 1938MEMPHIS 1 Louis Levy 1938NASHVILLE 1 Nathan Cohn 1938

TEXASBEAUMONT 1 Benjamin Blum 1937DALLAS 1 J. K. Hexter 1937EL PASO 1 Maurice Schwartz 1937FORT WORTH 1 U. M. Simon 1936GALVESTON 1 Isaac H. Kempner 1938HOUSTON 1 Nathan H. Colish 1936SAN ANTONIO 1 Jake Karotkin 1938WACO 1 Alex. H . Sanger 1938

UTAHSALT LAKE CITY 1 Julian H. Bamberger 1938

VERMONTBURLINGTON 1 Samuel Lisman 1936MONTPELIER 1 E. L. Segel 1936

VIRGINIANEWPORT NEWS 1 Robert D. Binder 1937NORFOLK 1PORTSMOUTH 1 Julian M. Blachman 1938RICHMOND 1 Edward N . Calisch 1937

Irving May 1938ROANOKE 1 Morris L . Masinter 1937

WASHINGTONSEATTLE 1 Emanuel Rosenberg 1936SPOKANE 1TACOMA 1

WEST VIRGINIACHARLESTON 1HUNTINGTON 1 David Gideon 1936

Louis Horkheimer 1937

WISCONSINMADISON 1

(Wheeling)

S. B . Schein 1936MILWAUKEE 2 Joseph L . Baron 1938

Max W. Gottschalk 1938SHEBOYGAN 1 George Holman 1938SUPERIOR 1

WYOMING 1

132


Class B.-Delegates from National Jewish Organizations*

AMERICAN JEWISH HISTORICAL SOCIETY, A. S. W. RosenbachBRITH SHOLOM, Martin O. Levy, William M. LewisCENTRAL CONFERENCE OF AMERICAN RABBIS, Morris NewfieldCONFERENCE COMMITTEE OF NATIONAL JEWISH WOMEN 'S OR-

GANIZATIONS, Estelle M . SternbergerTHE FREE SONS OF ISRAEL, Simon M. GoldsmithHADASSAH, Mrs. David de Sola Pool, Mrs . Arthur M. LamportHEBREW SHELTERING AND IMMIGRANT AID SOCIETY OF AMERICA,

John L. Bernstein, Harry Fischel, Abraham Herman, JacobMassel and Albert Rosenblatt

INDEPENDENT ORDER B'RITH ABRAHAM, Samuel Goldstein, Max L.Hollander, Leon Sanders and Max Silverstein

JEWISH WELFARE BOARD, Joseph RosenzweigNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF JEWISH SOCIAL WORK, Fred M. ButzelNATIONAL COUNCIL OF JEWISH WOMEN, Mrs. Maurice L . Gold-

manORDER OF THE UNITED HEBREW BROTHERS, Max E. GreenbergPROGRESSIVE ORDER OF THE WEST, A. D. BearmanRABBINICAL ASSEMBLY OF THE JEWISH THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY OF

AMERICA, Elias L. MargolisUNION OF ORTHODOX JEWISH CONGREGATIONS OF AMERICA, Ben-

jamin Koenigsberg and William WeissUNITED SYNAGOGUE OF AMERICA, Louis J . MossWOMEN 'S BRANCH OF THE UNION OF ORTHODOX JEWISH CON-

GREGATIONS OF AMERICA, Mrs. Joseph M . AsherWOMEN'S LEAGUE OF THE UNITED SYNAGOGUE OF AMERICA, Mrs.

Moses Hyamson, Miss Sarah Kussy and Mrs . Samuel Spiegel

-The term of Delegates is one year, or until their successors are chosen .

Class C.-Members-at-Large*Louis Bamberger, NewarkLeo M. Brown, MobileJacob Epstein, BaltimoreEli Frank, BaltimoreN. B. Goldstein, MilwaukeeAlbert M. Greenfield, PhiladelphiaHiram S. Halle, New YorkHerbert J. Hannoch, NewarkHarold Hirsch, AtlantaWilliam L. Holzman, OmahaPhilip C . Joslin, ProvidenceJ . J . Kaplan, BostonLouis E. Kirstein, BostonFred Lazarus, Jr., ColumbusAlbert C. Lehman, PittsburghSamuel D. Leidesdorf, New YorkMonte M. Lemann, New OrleansAustin T. Levy, Harrisville, R . I .Chas. J. Liebman, New YorkJulian W . Mack, New YorkGeorge Z. Medalie, New YorkHenry Morgenthau, Sr., New YorkReuben Oppenheimer, BaltimoreMilton J. Rosenau, CambridgeLessing J. Rosenwald, PhiladelphiaMorris Rothenberg, New YorkHenry Sachs, Colorado SpringsFrederic W. Wile, Washington, D. C .Henry Wineman, DetroitLeo Wolman, New York

'The term of Members-at-Large is one year .

District Members

133

ALPHABETICAL LIST OF CORPORATEMEMBERS

CLASS

Edmund H. Abrahams, Commercial Bldg ., Savannah, Ga . A.Samuel Ach, 817 Walnut St., Cincinnati, O. A .Cyrus Adler, 2041 N . Broad St., Philadelphia, Pa. A .Max Adler, 30 W. Washington St ., Chicago, Ill. A.Mortimer Adler, 2 Adler Place, Rochester, N . Y . A.Justin P . Allman, 1522 Chestnut St ., Philadelphia, Pa. A.Isaac Alpern, Perth Amboy Trust Co ., Perth Amboy, N . J. A.Benjamin Altheimer, 25 Broad St., New York City A.Nathan Appleman, P. O. Box 1221, Tulsa, Okla. A.D. J. Apte, P. O . Box 288, Miami, Fla. A.Mrs. Joseph M. Asher, 225 Central Park West, New York

City

B.

Edward M. Baker, Union Trust Bldg ., Cleveland, O . A .Julian H. Bamberger, P . O. Box 837, Salt Lake City, Utah A .Louis Bamberger, 602 Centre St ., So. Orange, N . J . C.Maurice Barlofsky, Lowell, Mass. A.Joseph L . Baron, 2419 E. Kenwood Blvd., Milwaukee, Wisc. A .A. D. Bearman, 816 Exchange Bldg., Memphis, Tenn. B.James H. Becker, 100 So . La Salle St ., Chicago, Ill . A .Simon Bergman, 745 Fifth Av ., New York City A .Edward L. Bernays, 1 Wall St., New York City A .Herman Bernstein, 2 West 86th St., New York City A.John L. Bernstein, 299 Broadway, New York City B .Philip N. Bernstein, Waterbury, Conn . A.S. K. Bernstein, 1721 Petroleum Bldg ., Oklahoma City, Okla. A.Jacob Billikopf, 316 Bankers Trust Bldg ., Philadelphia, Pa. A .Robert D . Binder, First National Bank Bldg ., Newport

News, Va . A.Julian M. Blachman, 604 High St., Portsmouth, Va . A.Harry Block, 310 Kirkpatrick St., St . Joseph, Mo. A.Joseph L . Block, First National Bank Bldg ., Chicago, Ill. A.Benjamin Plum, 381 College St., Beaumont, Texas A .David M. Bressler, 75 Maiden Lane, New York City A.Arthur Brin, 600 Washington Av ., N ., Minneapolis, Minn. A.David A. Brown, 212 Fifth Ave ., New York City A.Leo M. Brown, P. O. Box 593, Mobile, Ala . C.Louis Brown, 518 Wabash St ., Terre Haute, Ind . A .Fred M. Butzel, First National Bank Bldg ., Detroit, Mich. B .Henry M. Butzel, First National Bank Bldg ., Detroit, Mich . A .Edward N. Calisch, 3104 Monument Av., Richmond, Va.

A.

135

136


CLASSEdward M. Chase, 1156 Elm St., Manchester, N. H . A .Joseph Cohen, 711 Huron Bldg., Kansas City, Kans. A .Morris R. Cohen, 854 W. 181st St., New York City A.Nathan Cohn, Stahlman Bldg ., Nashville, Tenn. A.Nathan H . Colish, 3217 Hamilton St ., Houston, Texas

A.

Arthur I . Darman, P. O. Box 30, Woonsocket, R. I . A.Abel Davis, 69 W. Washington St ., Chicago, I11 . A .Adolph M. Davis, Commerce Bldg., Sioux City, Ia . A .James Davis, 1400 Milwaukee Av ., Chicago, Ill . A .Max De Jong, 304 Main St., Evansville, Ind . A .A. J . Dimond, 67 S. Munn St., East Orange, N . J. A.Philip Dimond, 189 Derrom Av., Paterson, N . J .

A.

J. M. Edrehi, American National Bank Bldg., Pensacola, Fla. A .H. Elins, 917 W. Walnut St., Lancaster, Pa. A .Abram I. Elkus, 40 Wall St ., New York City A .Meyer C. Ellenstein, Newark, N . J . A.Nelson A. Elsasser, c/o Nathan & Bro . Dept . Store,

Johnstown, Pa . A .Jacob Epstein, 2532 Eutaw Place, Baltimore, Md . C .Max Epstein, 230 S . Clark St ., Chicago, Ill. A .Benjamin Evarts, 316 High St ., Holyoke, Mass._

A.

Leo J. Falk, Boise, Idaho A .Milton H. Fies, So . Railway Bldg., Birmingham, Ala . A .Aaron Finger, 4060 Du Pont Bldg., Wilmington, Del. A .Joseph L. Fink, 599 Deleware Av ., Buffalo, N . Y . A .11 . J . Finkenstein, 205 So . Broadway, Los Angeles, Cal . A .Harry Fischel, 276 Fifth Av ., New York City B .William Fischman, 96 Grand St., New York City A.Milton S. Florsheim, 541 W. Adams St ., Chicago, Ill . A.Alfred K. Foreman, 134 S . La Salle St ., Chicago, Ill . A .Phillip Forman, U . S . District Ct ., Trenton, N . J . A.A. Richard Frank, 120 S . La Salle St., Chicago, Ill . A .Eli Frank, 2007 Sulgrave Av ., Mt. Washington, Baltimore, Md. C .Harvey B. Franklin, 2130 Florida St., Long Beach, Cal . A .A. B. Freyer, First National Bank Bldg ., Shreveport, La .

A.

Abraham W. Gellman, 2041 29th Ave., Rock Island, Ill . A.David Gideon, 435 13th Ave, Huntington, W . Va . A .Louis H. Glueck, 13th and Broadway, Gary, Ind. A .Norman S. Goetz, 11 Broadway, New York City A .Nathan J. Gold, Gold and Co., Lincoln, Nebr. A.Max Goldberg, 173 Washington St ., Salem, Mass . A .Samuel H . Goldenson, 1 East 65th St ., New York City

A.

Alphabetical List of Corporate Members

137

CLASSMrs. Maurice L. Goldman, 1175 Park Av., New York CityHarry Goldowsky, 23 Warner Av., Jersey City, N . J .

A.Malcolm Goldsmith, Braddock, Pa .

A.Simon M. Goldsmith, 257 W. 93rd St., New York City

B.N. B. Goldstein, 3910 No . Lake Drive, Milwaukee, Wis .

C.Samuel Goldstein, 599 Bedford Ave., Brooklyn, N. Y .

B.S. S. Goldwater, 320 Central Park West, New York City

A.Joseph Goodman, Tibbetts Ave ., Troy, N . Y .

A.Max W. Gottschalk, 1961 N . Summit Ave., Milwaukee, Wisc.

A.Max E. Greenberg, 220 W. 42nd St ., New York City

B.Albert M. Greenfield, 200 Bankers' Trust Bldg., Phila-

delphia,Pa . C .P. Irving Grinberg, 608 Fifth Ave ., New York City A .Joseph B . Grossman, 19 Glendale Rd., Quincy, Mass .

A.

Benjamin L. Haas, 152 State St ., Hartford, Conn . A.Leonard Haas, Candler Bldg ., Atlanta, Ga . AE. S. Halle, Swetland Bldg., Cleveland, O. AHiram S. Halle, 50 Broadway, New York City C .Herbert J. Hannoch, 17 Academy St ., Newark, N . J . C .William Harris, c/o Hess Bros ., Allentown, Pa. A .Louis Hartman, Haverhill, Mass . A .Sig. Harzfeld, 11th and Main Sts ., Kansas City, Mo . A .Henry S. Hendricks, 253 Broadway, New York City C .Abraham Herman, 69 Wooster St ., New York City B .Elihu A. Hershenson, 9 Main Street, Peabody, Mass . A .J. K. Hexter, 420 Linz Bldg ., Dallas, Texas A .David M . Heyman, 25 Broad St., New York City A .Oscar Heyman, 26 Slocum St. New Rochelle N. Y . A .Harold Hirsch, Hurt Bldg ., Atlanta, Ga . C .Morton R. Hirschberg, P . O . Box 1035, Jacksonville, Fla . A .Jacob H. Hollander, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md . A .Max L. Hollander, 37 E. 7th St., New York City B .Harry A . Hollzer, 311 Federal Bldg ., Los Angeles, Cal. AGeorge Holman, 1944 N . 7th St., Sheboygan, Wisc. A .William L. Holzman, 900 No. Happy Hollow Blvd ., Omaha,

Neb . C.Louis Horkheimer, Wheeling, W. Va . A .Bernard Norwich, 2301 S . Paulina St ., Chicago, 111. A .Mrs. Moses Hyamson, 65 E . 96th St ., New York City

B.

Louis C. Ilfeld, P . O. Box 1506, Las Vegas, N . M . A .Stanley M. Isaacs, 505 Fifth Av., New York City A .Henry Ittleson, 1 Park Av ., New York City

A.

138


CLASSCharles Jacobson, Little Rock, Ark . A .Abraham Jelin, 5 Elm Row, New Brunswick, N . J. A.Philip C. Joslin, 100 Hazard Ave ., Providence, R . 1 . C .Gustav Kaplan, 2518 N . 2nd St ., Harrisburg, Pa . A .J. J . Kaplan, 161 Devonshire St ., Boston, Mass . C.Jake Karotkin, 217 W. Commerce St ., San Antonio, Tex . A.Edgar J. Kaufmann, 5th and Smithfield Sts ., Pittsburgh, Pa. A.Isaac H. Kempner, Galveston, Texas A.Samuel Kessler, 9 Clinton St ., Newark, N. J. A.Louis E. Kirstein, Wm . Filene Sons & Co ., Boston, Mass . C.Sol S. Kiser, 3736 Washington Blvd ., Indianapolis, Ind. A.Joseph J. Klein, 19 W. 44th St., New York City A .Sol Kline, Straus Bldg ., Chicago, Ill . A .Benjamin Koenigsberg, 99 Nassau St ., New York City B .S. Joshua Kohn, 1607 Genesee St ., Utica, N . Y . A .I . I . Kotzen, 354 Main St ., Malden, Mass . A .Julian H . Krolik, 310 E. Jefferson Av., Detroit, Mich. A .Arthur K. Kuhn, 14 E. 75th St ., New York City A.Joseph L. Kim, Bankers Trust Bldg., Philadelphia, Pa. A.Miss Sarah Kussy, 59 Treacy Ave ., Newark, N . J .

B.

Albert D . Lasker, 919 N . Michigan Ave ., Chicago, Ill .

A.Arthur M. Lamport, 44 Pine St ., New York City A.Sidney Lansburgh, 1516 Baltimore Trust Bldg ., Baltimore, Md. A .Mrs. Arthur M. Lamport, 590 West End Ave., New York City B .Henry Lasker, 310 Main St., Springfield, Mass .

A.Edward Lazansky, Borough Hall, Brooklyn, N. Y.

A.Fred Lazarus, Jr., High and Town Sts., Columbus, O .Al. Paul Lefton, 1617 Pennsylvania Blvd ., Philadelphia, Pa.

A.Albert C . Lehman, Blaw Knox Co., Pittsburgh, Pa .

C.Herbert H . Lehman, 16 William St ., New York City

A.Irving Lehman, 36 W. 44th St., New York City

A.Irvin F. Lehman, Blaw Knox Co ., Pittsburgh, Pa.

A.Samuel D. Leidesdorf, 1 Pershing Sq., New York City

C.Monte M. Lemann, Whitney Bldg ., New Orleans, La .

C.Harry Levi, Temple Israel, Longwood Av., Boston, Mass.

A.Isadore Levin, First National Bank Bldg., Detroit, Mich.

A.Herman Levine, 233 Fifth Av., McKeesport, Pa .

A.B. L. Levinthal, 716 Pine St., Philadelphia, Pa .

A.Austin T. Levy, Southmeadow, Harrisville, R . I.

C.Benjamin F. Levy, 305 Realty Bldg., Elmira, N. Y.

A.Edgar A. Levy, 505 Fifth Av ., New York City

A.Fred Levy, c/o Levy Bros., Louisville, Ky .

A.Leon M. Levy, Scranton Life Bldg ., Scranton, Pa .

A.Louis Levy, Commerce Title Bldg., Memphis, Tenn.

A.Martin O . Levy, 506 Pine St., Philadelphia, Pa.

B.Harry E. Lewis, 50 Court St., Brooklyn, N. Y.

A.

Alphabetical List o f Corporate Members

139

CLASSWilliam M. Lewis, 504 City Hall, Philadelphia, Pa. B .Adolph Lewisohn, 61 Broadway, New York City A.William Liebermann, 185 Montague St., Bklyn, N . Y. A.Chas . J . Liebman, 907 Fifth Av., New York City C.Samuel Lisman, 193 College St., Burlington, Vt . A.Howard A. Loeb, 316 Chestnut St ., Philadelphia, Pa. A.Jacob M. Loeb, 175 W. Jackson Blvd., Chicago, Ill. A.Lucien Loeb, Montgomery, Ala.

A.

Solomon Lowenstein, 71 W. 47th St., New York City A .A. M. Luntz, 1845 Market N ., Canton, Ohio A.A. L. Luria, Colonial Trust Bldg., Reading, Pa. A .Lewis Lurie, 440 State St ., Schenectady, N . Y. A .Simon Lyon, Evans Bldg ., Washington, D. C.

A.

Ernest Maas, 817 S. Edison Av., Tampa, Fla. A.Julian W . Mack, Woolworth Bldg., New York City C.Eugene Mannheimer, 427 W . 51st St ., Des Moines, Ia . A .Elias L. Margolis, 16 Glen Ave., Mt . Vernon, N. Y . B .Sidney Marks, 719 Market St ., Chattanooga, Tenn. A .James Marshall, 150 Broadway, New York City A .Alexander Marx, 100 Morningside Drive, New York City A.Lawrence Marx, 93 Franklin St ., New York City A.Morris L. Masinter, State and City Bank Bldg., Roanoke, Va . A.Jacob Massel, 1688-52nd St., Brooklyn, N. Y . B .Irving May, 613 E . Broad St., Richmond, Va . A.George Z. Medalie, 225 W. 86th St., New York City C .Julius L . Meier, Meier & Frank Co ., Portland, Ore. A.Henry Morgenthau, Sr ., 1133 Fifth Av., New York City C.Isidore D. Morrison, 457 West 57th St ., New York City C .B. L. Mosbacher, 491 Staten Av., Oakland, Cal. A .Henry D. Moskowitz, Paramount Bldg., New York City A.Louis J. Moss, 32 Court St., Brooklyn, N . Y .

B.

D. M. Naftalin, 225 Front St., Fargoy N. Dakota A .Benjamin Natal, 1655 Park Blvd., Camden, N. J . A.George W. Naumburg, 48 Wall St., New York City A .William Newcorn, 220 Park Av., Plainfield, N . J . A .Morris Newfield, 2100 Highland Av., Birmingham, Ala . B .George Newman, Pittsfield, Mass .

A.

George Oppenheimer, 1012 Baltimore St., Kansas City, Mo.

A.Reuben Oppenheimer, 3506 Bancroft Rd ., Baltimore, Md.

C.

140


CLASSJoseph B. Perskie, Guarantee Trust Co . Bldg ., Atlantic City,

N. J. A.Carl H. Pforzheimer, 25 Broad St., New York City A.David Philipson, 270 McGregor Av ., Cincinnati, O . A.Michael Pilot, 49 Hammond St ., Bangor, Me . A .Samuel Platt, Reno, Nevada A.Mrs. David de Sola Pool, 99 Central Park West, New York

City

B.Joseph M. Proskauer, 11 Broadway, New York City

A.

Samuel Raizes, 215 So . Federal St ., Mason City, Iowa A .A. C. Ratshesky, U. S . Trust Co ., Boston, Mass. A .Charles Sterne Rauh, 340 E . Maple St., Indianapolis, Ind. A .Charles M. Rice, Federal Commerce Trust Bldg ., St. Louis,

Mo . A .Harold Riegelman, 420 Lexington Av., N . Y . C . A.Herman C . Ritter, 291 Park Ave., Youngstown, Ohio A.Sidney Rittenberg, 37 Broad St ., Charleston, S . C . A.Milton J . Rosenau, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass . C.A. S. W. Rosenbach, 1320 Walnut St ., Philadelphia, Pa. B .Charles Rosenbaum, 930 University Bldg ., Denver, Colo . A .Emanuel Rosenberg, P . O. Box 53, Seattle, Wash . A.James N. Rosenberg, 165 Broadway, New York City A.Albert Rosenblatt, 229 West 78th St ., New York City B .Samuel I. Rosenman, 444 Central Park W ., New York City A .C. R . Rosenthal, The Fair Store, Binghamton, N . Y . A .Maurice Rosenthal, 336 W . Berry St., Fort Wayne, IndianaLessing J. Rosenwald, Sears, Roebuck & Co ., Philadelphia, Pa . C .Joseph Rosenzweig, 51 Chambers St., New York City B .Victor Rosewater. Bellevue-Stratford Hotel, Phila ., Pa . A .Lester W. Roth, Superior Court, Los Angeles, Cal . A .Morris Rothenberg, 5 Beekman St ., New York City C .Walter N. Rothschild, 422 Fulton St ., Brooklyn, N . Y . A.Hyman J . Routtenberg, 202 Central St ., Somerville, Mass .

A.

Henry Sachs, Colorado Springs, Colo . C.Samuel Salzman, 361 Highland Blvd., Brooklyn, N . Y . A .Leon Sanders, 280 Broadway, New York City B .Alex. H. Sanger, Waco, Tex. A.Sigmond Sanger, 1007 Nicholas Bldg ., Toledo, O . A.Morris D . Saxe, 389 Shuttle Meadow Ave., New Britain, Conn. A .Joseph H. Schanfeld, National Bldg., Minneapolis, Minn. A .Isaiah Scheeline, 26 Altoona Trust Bldg., Altoona, Pa. A.S. B. Schein, Superior Court of Dane County, Madison, Wis. A.Wolfgang S. Schwabacher, 115 Broadway, New York City

A.

Alphabetical List o f Corporate Members

141

CLASSMaurice Schwartz, Popular Dry Goods Co ., El Paso, Tex. A .Ralph J. Schwarz, Canal Bank Bldg., New Orleans, La . A .Murray Seasongood, 1616 Union Central Bldg ., Cincinnati, O . A.E. L. Segel, 38 E . State St ., Montpelier, Vt . A.Bernard Semel, 483 Broadway, New York City A.Edward A . Silberstein, 704 Providence Bldg ., Duluth, Minn. A.Archibald Silverman, 226 Public St., Providence, R. I . A .Max Silverstein, 305 Broadway, New York City B .U. M. Simon, W . L. Waggoner Bldg., Fort Worth, Tex. A.Alexander L . Siskind, Bay State Bldg., Lawrence, Mass. A .Max C. Sloss, Hunter-Dulin Bldg., San Francisco, Cal . A.Isador Sobel, 931 W. 9th St., Erie, PaA.James Solomont, 30 Court St ., Boston, Mass. A.Nathan Speare, 629 Edgmont Ave., Chester, Pa. A .Mrs. Samuel Spiegel, N. E. cor. 122nd & Broadway, New

York City B.Nathan Spiro, 161 Main St., Danbury, Conn . A.Ezekiel Spitz, 300 Ocean Ave., New London, Conn. A .Theodore E . Steiber, 886 Main St ., Bridgeport, Conn. A .Ben H. Stein, Vicksburg, Miss . A.Fred M. Stein, 270 Madison Av ., New York City A.Jesse H. Steinhart, Kohl Bldg., San Francisco, Cal. A .Henry M. Stern, 87 Clinton Av., N., Rochester, N . Y . A.Horace Stern, 260 City Hall, Philadelphia, Pa . A.Milton C. Stern, c/o Dayton-Biltmore Hotel, Dayton, O. A.Estelle M. Sternberger, 103 Park Ave., New York City B .I. M. Stettenheim, 17 Cedar St ., New York City A.Benjamin Stolz, 912 State Tower Bldg ., Syracuse, N. Y . A .Hugh Grant Straus, 422 Fulton St., Brooklyn, N. Y . A.Roger W. Straus, 120 Broadway, New York City ALewis L. Strauss, 52 William St ., New York City A.Bertram A. Stroock, Newburgh, N . Y. A.Solomon M. Stroock, 141 Broadway, New York City A .Frank L. Sulzberger, 333 S . Peoria St., Chicago, Ill. A.Isaac Summerfield, 1493 Summit Av., St. Paul, Minn .

A.

Joseph Talamo, 390 Main St ., Worcester, Mass.

A.Maurice Tobey, 40 Court St., Boston, Mass .

A.

P. H. Viskind, 455 County St ., New Bedford, Mass .

A.Felix Vorenberg, Gilchrist Co., Boston, Mass .

A.

Aaron Waldheim, 12th and Olive Sts., St . Louis, Mo .

A.Felix M. Warburg, 52 William St., New York City

A.

142


Eugene Warner, 1906 Liberty Bank Bldg., Buffalo, N . Y .

A.Philip F. Waterman, 617 Rosewood Ave., S . E.,

Grand Rapids, Mich. A .Lionel Weil, Goldsboro, N . C. A .Joseph Weinberg, 58 W. Park St ., Butte, Montana A.Jacob Weinberger, 901 First National Bldg ., San Diego, Cal . A .William Weiss, 1440 Broadway, New York City B .J. K. Weitzenkorn, 34 Weitzenkorn Bldg ., Wilkes-Barre, Pa. A .S. Frederick Wetzler, The Trust Co. Bldg ., New Haven, Conn. A .Frederic W. Wile, 1220 Shoreham Bldg ., Washington, D . C. C .Herman Wile, 77 Goodell St ., Buffalo, N . Y. A.Henry Wineman, Peoples' Outfitting Co ., Detroit, Mich. C .Ben R. Winick, Hamilton Bank Bldg., Knoxville, Tenn. A .Isidore Wise, 810 Prospect St. Hartford, Conn . A.Abraham Wofsey, 25 Bank St ., Stamford, Conn . A .Harry A. Wolf, 18th and Douglas Sts ., Omaha, Neb . A.Morris Wolf, Packard Bldg., Philadelphia, Pa . A.Ralph Wolf, 24 Pine St ., New York City A.Leo Wob ian, 15 Union Sq ., New York City C.W. B. Woolner, 510 Lehmann Bldg., Peoria, Ill .

A.

Nathan Yamins 1219 Highland Av ., Fall River, Mass .

A.Henry Yozell, 411 Washington St ., Boston, Mass .

A.

Sustaining Membersand

Contributors

SUSTAINING MEMBERS

ALABAMAAlexander City

Herzfeld, H .

AnnistonSterne, Niel P .

BirminghamAdler, Edgar L.Adler, IkeAllen, J .Baum, Herbert J .Burger, JacobCongregation EmanuelEngel, William P.Fies, Milton H.Friedman, J .German Emergency FundGoldberg, A .Hart, SidneyHoliner, WilliamKayser, LeoLoveman, Joseph H .Rosenberger, J . D .Rotholz, G .Steiner, Leo K .Weinberg, Jack H .

HuntsvilleCongregation B'nai Scholem

MobileBrown, HugoCommunityPincus, Mrs. E. A.Zimmern, L. J .

MontgomeryBaum, PhilJewish FederationKaufman, SamuelKlein & SonLobman, MyronLobman, WalterLoeb, Lucien S.Marshuetz, L. J .

AND CONTRIBUTORSNovember 1, 1933 to December 31, 1934

145

Wampold, SimonWeil, AdolphWeil, AlvinWeil, EmilWeil, IsidorWeil, Leon

SelmaHohenberg, M ., & Co .

TuscaloosaBrown, Miss Rose

ARIZONADouglas

Congregation Adath Israel

GlendaleDeff, Dr . M . I .

PhoenixMarks, Barnett E .Rothman, Ed

PrescottGoldwater, Morris

ARKANSASHot Springs

Burgauer, D .Singer, Charles

Little RockFederation of Jewish Charities

CALIFORNIABerkeley

Popper, William

Beverly HillsHirschhorn, ClarenceMyers, ClarenceRodgers, Dr. William A .

Culver CityMayer, Louis B .Rodgers, Richard

146


HollywoodEngelman, S .

Los AngelesAncker, RobertArnold, J. K.Asher, MaxBaruch, Mrs. HermanBaruch, J . Y .Bernhard, Mrs . S .Brand, HarryBrick, AlexanderBriskin, S. J .Brown, EmilBrown'sCohen, George W.Cohn, HarryCohn, JuliusDissauer, Maurice

*Elsasser, M .Faerber, ArnoldFinkenstein, M . J .Fox, Alvin H.Frank, B . L .Frisch, JosephGallician, M . A.Gillman, GeorgeGoetz, WilliamGoldsmith, OscarGoldstone, Julius C.Greenberg, DanGreenberg, IkeGrossblatt, L . J.Harris, M .Hirsch FamiliesHollzer, H. A .Jacobs, J . B .Kaplan, BenjaminKarl's Shoe StoreKlein, SamuelKlingstein, KsiKrystal, SamuelLe Maire, SairiLevy, O . J .Lissauer, LouisLoeb, K. L.*Deceased

Meertief, GustaveMetzler, IrvingMoss, IrvingNeustadter, Mr.Newmark, S. M .Pacht, IsaacRiese, E. M .Rogell, SidRosenberg, M .Sandrich, FredaSanenick, Mrs. J .Schwartz, M .Shelley, M .Schiff, LudwigSiskin, HarrySokolow, Alex T.Stern, CharlesStern, HaroldStern, JacobStrasburger, ArthurSwartz, SeymourThompson, G . M .White, HarryZalk, LouisZanuck, Darryl

OaklandUnited Jewish Welfare Fund

PasadenaArndt, M. S .Blum, AugustHessberg, Mrs . SamuelThanhauser, Mrs. Frank L.

SacramentoBrown, Isidor

San BernardinoKatz, M. D .

San DiegoHillkowitz, S .Mayer, M . E .

San FranciscoJewish National Welfare Fund

COLORADOColorado Springs

Lieberthal, HaroldSachs, HenrySchaefer, Dr. Solomon

DenverBernheim, Isaac W .Buchmann, MaxCook, Mrs . D . B .Cowen, A. B .Ehrlich, Ben S.Frumess, H. H .Grauman, A. L.Hill, IsidorHornbein, PhilipJacobs, DavidKauvar, C . H .Krohn, Dr. M . J.Levy, RobertSchayer, Max S .Schlesinger, Melvin H .Silversmith, J. H .Wachtel, SimonWittelshofer, Edwin J .

CONNECTICUTBridgeport

Cohn, Israel J .Resnick, Maurice E.Schnee, Abraham C .

DanburyDick, HarryDick, HenryFeinson, SamuelFrohman, AlbertHeyman, H . J ., & SonKaufman, JosephKruzanski, JacobLeibowitz, BenjaminPapish, AsherRubenstein, StanleySands, AlbertSpiro, Nathan

HartfordAishberg, EdwinBauer, Mrs . Bertha L .* Deceased

List o f Sustaining Members

Congregation Beth IsraelEmanuel BrotherhoodFreedman, Joseph M .Gaberman, LouisHaas, William P .Hartman, E. M.Hollander, A.Kaffenburgh, Mrs. DonaldKatz, I . J .Katz, IrvingKofsky, G . M.Myers, MaxNeufield, AlbertOpper, Frederick C.Selterman, EstherStern, LeoTemple Sisterhood Cong. Beth

IsraelWachtel, B .Wise, Isidore

New HavenBuxbaum, William*Cahn, AlexanderCongregation Mishkan IsraelGordon, IsraelHarrison, ThomasJackson, John DayKleiner, Isaac L.Levy, Irwin S .Mendel, Lafayette B .Rosenbluth, Louis M .Ross, Arthur M .Russota, SimonSachs, Manuel S .Sagal, LewisUllman, Abraham S.Ullman, Joseph H .Wetzler, S . FredWolfe, Isaac

New LondonCommunityGoldsmith, E .Ruderman, S .

SheltonKreiger, A .

147

148

StamfordNevas, Harry

WaterburyAlbert, I. N .Apirian, John J .Atkins, S .Bernstein, Philip N .Biernbaum, H.Cantor, AlbertDorfman, LouisErlanger, MeyerGaber, JosephGracerstein, PerryGreen, Harold G.Greenberg, Samuel H .Greenblatt, CharlesGreenblatt, MartinKramer, SamuelKrasow, HarryKuperman, L .Liebeskind, LouisMatzkin, A .Oser & LevinPrillig, IsidorRuby, B .Simons, Louis L.Soloman, AaronSpirt, MorrisSugenheimer, JosephTraurig, MaxUnited Jewish CommitteeWeisman, Henry J .Zusman Bros .

West HartfordHart, E . A .Hartman, Maurice

DELAWARESeaford

Van Leer, Charles

WilmingtonFinger, AaronFinkelstein, I . B .Gluckman, Barnet*Deceased


DISTRICT OF COLUMBIAWashington

Baum, LeoBehrends, MelvinCafritz, Mr. & Mrs . MorrisCardozo, Benjamin N .Fischer, MaxGoldsmith, Charles A .Grosner, Gerald*Hahn, Harry W .Heilprin, Giles F.Hershfield, IsidoreHimmelfarb, PaulKaufman, D . J .Kaufmann, E. I .Luchs, Morton J.Lyon, R . B . H .Lyon, SimonMazo, I. JosephRosenberg, M . D .Schwartz, CharlesSherby, HarrySolomons, Aline E .Tashof, Ivan P.Trouver, I . S .Wile, Frederick William

FLORIDAGainesville

Community

JacksonvilleCommunity

MiamiApte, D . J .Feibelman, Herbert U .Jacobus, LeonardLehman, Mrs. Hattie G .Levin, I .Meyer, SidneyMiami Joint CommitteeWolfson, Mitchell

St . PetersburgCohen, MosesFriendly, Meyer H .

TampaAllied Jewish CampaignHaimowitz, BenWatterman, Jerome A.

GEORGIAAlbany

Hofmayer, L . J .

AtlantaAtlanta Advisory CouncilHaas, LeonardHirsch, HaroldMeyer, A . A . & E . L .Riesman, Joseph N .

AugustaCommunity

ColumbusSchwob, S .

GainesvilleGoldstein, J .

MaconHorgan, Dan C.Jewish Community

SavannahAbrahams, Edmund H .Adler, LeopoldAlexander, S .Bernstein, M. H.Adler, Sam G.Boley, H . M .Byck, DaveByck, JoeByck, SylvanCohen, Girard M .Dryfus, M .Eckstein, J . P .Edel, Herman M .Friedman, B . 1 .Gazan, Jacob


Guthman, AaronHirsch, JerryHirsch, JuliusIseman, Mrs. E.Kayton, H. L .Kuhr, Raymond M .Levy, A . B .Levy, MortonLevy, S . H .Lewis, EmanuelLivingston, H . H .Longabaugh, J . D .Minis, A .Minis, J. F.Minis, MariaMohr, SigoMorrison, W. R.Pinkussohn, SamRaskin, HarryRussell, T . S .Salomons, Arthur W.Slotin, MorrisSolomons, I . S ., Jr.United Jewish DriveWortsman, Edgar L.

ILLINOISAurora

Aurora Y. M. H. A.

ChampaignKuhn, Isaac

ChicagoAaron, CharlesAdler, MaxAsher, LouisAuerbach, BenjaminAustrian, Harvey S .Bauer, A .Becker, James H .Bellenberg, A. G .Benjamin, Jack A.Berkson, MauriceBlack, HermanBlock, E . J.

149

150


Block, J. L.Block, L . E.Block, Leigh B .Block, P . D .Block, P . O .Blum, Harry H.Cahn, B . J .Cahn, Mrs . Regine T.Cohen, Mrs . AlfredCohen, L . LewisDavid, AbelDavis, MeyerDe Lee, Joseph B .Dreyfus, Maurice M .Dreyfus, MoiseEckstein, LouisEisendrath, Edwin W.Eisendrath, W . B .Eisendrath, W . N .Epstein, MaxEttleson, Samuel A .Fechheimer, FredericFlorsheim, Harold W.Florsheim, IrvingFlorsheim, LouisFlorsheim, Milton S .Frank, A. R.Freiler, Abraham J .Freiler, Jeanette S .Freudenthal, George S .Freund, Erwin O.Fried, HerbertFriedlich, Herbert A .Glaser, E. S .Goldman, SolomonGoldsmith, Mrs. HaroldGoodman, SamuelGottlieb, H. N .Grossman, Max M .Harris, M. B .Hartman, LeonHirsh, William A.Hoffman, Henry I .Hoffman, Julius J .Horwich, BernardJacobson, Mrs . D.Kahn, LouisKatz, Morris

Katz, W .Kauffmann, TheodoreKline, SolKohn, Hyman N.Kunstadter, AlbertKuppenheimer, Louis B .Lackritz, Paul N .Lasker, Albert D .Lautmann, H . M.Lebold, Foreman N .Lebold, Samuel N .Lelewer, S . S .Levinkind, HymanLevinson, DavidLevy, HenryLindheimer, B . F.Lipson, I . B .Loeb, H. A .Loeb, Isaac A.Loeb, James J .Loewenhaupt, JesseLoewenthal, Edward J.Loewenthal, Richard J .Lowenbach, William L.Mack, Julian W.Mayer, Alfred C .Mayer, EliasMayer, Harry A .Mayer, HerbertMeyer, A. W .Meyer, AlbertMeyer, CarlMichaels, JosephNast, Alex D .Oberfelder, Herbert M .Oberf elder, JosephOberfelder, Walter S .Oppenheimer, Harry D .Paradise, H. M., & Co.Perlstein, HarryPflaum, A. J .Pincus, S . Z.Pollock, E . J .Portis, Milton M.Regenstein, JosephRegensteiner, TheodoreRemer, H .Richard, Frank A .

*Rosenbaum, DavidRosenbaum, Edwin S.Rosenfeld, Mrs. MauriceRosenfeld, Morris S.Rosenwald Family AssociationRothschild, M. M .Rothschild, MauriceRothschild, Maurice L.Rothschild, Melville N .Rubens, CharlesSalomon, Leo R.Sampson, PeterSchaaf, ClarenceSchaffner, Joseph HalleSchanfarber, T .Schram, Elmer E .Schram, HarrySchur, Mrs. HermanSchwartchild, William G .Schwartz, U. S.Schwarz, Sidney L.Selig, Lester N .Shire, Moses E.Sigman, L .Silberman, David B .Silberman, Herbert S .Sinai CongregationSonnenschein, EdwardSonnenschein, HugoSonnenschein, RobertSopkin, B.Spiegel, Mrs . Arthur H .Spiegel, Frederick W.Spiegel, J . S .Spiegel, M. J ., Jr.Spiegel, Mrs. Mae 0 .Spiegel, Modie J .Spiegel, PhilSpiegel, Sidney M.Spitz, JoelSteele, Samuel B .Stein, Jules C .Stein, S . SidneySteindler, AlbertStern, Alfred E.Stern, Alfred K .*Deceased


Stern, Alfred W .Stern, GardnerStolz, JosephStraus, DavidStraus, Eli M .Straus, Henry H.Straus, Melvin L .Straus, Samuel J . T .Strauss, Henry X .Sulzberger, Clara F.Sulzberger, Frank L.Temple Religious SchoolUhlmann, FredUhlmann, RichardVehon, MorrisWedeles, Edward L .Wolbach, MurrayWolf, Henry M .Wormser, Mrs . Frida*Wormser, Leo F .Zeisler, Erwin P .

EvanstonCohen, Syma*Rosenberg, H .

GlencoeGoodman, Mrs . Milton F .North Shore Congregation

Israel

Highland ParkBecker, LouisMandel, Mrs . EmanuelStein, Lawrence M .

KewaneeWine, David

MolineSklovsky, Max

PeoriaCohen, LouisConney, J . P.Frankforter, HarryHorwitz, S .

151

152

Klein, LouisLederer, J . L .Lehmann, ArthurSalzenstein, ArnoldSeidenberg, N. C .Silberstein, BobUllman, ClarenceWoolner, Adolph, Jr .Woolner, W. B .

RockfordShanhous, Charles

UrbanaKoller, Armin H .

WaukeganStein, Mrs. Adolf

WinnetkaSpiegel, Mrs . Joseph

INDIANAClinton

Wasserman, A .

Fort WayneFederated Jewish CharitiesLichtenberg, Chester

GaryGlueck, Louis H.

IndianapolisJewish Welfare Fund

SummitvilleWarner, William & Sons

Terre HauteCommunityLevin, Morris P .*Deceased


IOWACedar Rapids

Miller, John F .

Centerville*Rosenbaum, J .

DavenportUnited Jewish Appeal

Des MoinesCommunity

Sioux CityCohen, SamFederation of Jewish Social

Service

KANSASLeavenworth

Abeles, M ., Estate

WichitaRichmond, Harry P .

KENTUCKYLouisville

Adath Israel Religious SchoolHeilman, Clarence J .Hirsch, IsadoreKlein, BenLang, JosephLevy, JacobLevy, SolLiebschutz, I .Linker, B.Rauch, JosephUnited Jewish Campaign

LOUISIANALake Charles

Temple Sinai

Morgan CityKahn, Charles E.

MonroeMasur, Sig

New OrleansAdler, Coleman E .Beekman, BenBeekman, MarcBenjamin, Edward B .Burkenroad, WilliamDeutsch, EberhardElsas, Victor H.Feibleman, LeopoldFeibleman, MaxFriend, Mrs . Joseph E.Godchaux, CharlesGodchaux, Mrs. Paul L.Goldman, JuliusGoldman, Solomon S .Gottscho, OttoHaspel Bros ., Inc.Heller, IsaacHeymann, LeonKatz, GusKeller, SidneyKirschman, M .Kling, PaulLatter, HarryLazard, Jules C .Lazarus, JuliusLemann, I . I .Lemann, Monte M.Levy, LouisLisso, AlexLoeb, Joseph S.Marcus, A.Mayer, HaroldMayer, NormanOdenheimer, SigmundPfeiffer, LeonPolack, Robert H .Reimer, MorrisRittenherg, JosephRittenberg, Leon I -I .Rosen, Charles


Rusakof, Henry N.Salmon, HaroldSchwarz, Ralph J .Shushan, AbeSimon, Mrs. Fanny M .Simon, Sidney K .Stern, Edgar B .Stern, Mrs . MauriceStern, S. WalterSugarman, CharlesTrautman, WalterWachenheim, AlbertWolff, JustinZemurray, Sam .

ShreveportBath, M. L.Bluestein, M .Feist, SamuelWeiller, Felix

MARYLANDBaltimore

Abramowitz, S . MorrisAdler, BlancheAdler, HarryAdler, NathanBamburger, JacobBendann, LawrenceBerney, AlbertBerney, Mr . & Mrs . SidneyBlaustein, JacobBlaustein, LouisBrenner, Sol M .Burgunder, BerneiClarke, Dr. & Mrs. EmilClarke, G . B .Cohen, Lewis J .Cone, Miss EttaCone, Frederic W .Cone, Mrs . Moses H .Cone, Sidney M .Crockin, EmilDalsheimer, HugoDalsheimer, SimonDeiches, -~W' illiamEphraim, Isaac

153

154


Epstein, JacobFederlicht, DavidFink, A . J.Fleischer, Milton F.Frank, Edward L .Frank, EliFrank, Miss LorelyFriedenwald, HarryGoldenberg, LeviGoldman, L. EdwinGreenebaum, Leon E.Greif, Leonard L.Guggenheimer, Miss JuliaGutman, NelsonHamburger, Mrs . H . L.Hamburger, Dr . & Mrs .

Louis P .Hartogensis, B . H .Hecht, AlexHecht, Mrs . L. AHecht, Moses S.Hendler, L. MauriceHerman, Mrs. Elsie FoxHochschild, MaxHollander, Jacob H .Hollander, SidneyHutzler, Albert D .Hutzler, Mrs. DavidHutzler, Edwin B .Hutzler, Joel G. D.Hutzler, Louis S .Katz, A. RayKatz, JosephKatzenberg, BerneyKemper, ArmandKemper, DavidKohn, Irving II.Kohn, WalterLauchheim•,-r, Jacob M .Lauchheimer, Sylvan HaysLauer, Mrs. Martha F.Levy, Lester S .Levy, WilliamMandelbaum, Sarah S .Mendel, AbramMiller, Henry S .

*Deceased

Miller, J. JeffersonMorris, Leslie WilliamMorris, MosesMoses, Mrs. Rose L .Oheb Sholem Religious SchoolOppenheimer, HenryOppenheimer, Mr. & Mrs.Reuben

Pels, Isaac R.Perlman, Philip B .Rosenau, William

*Rosenberg, Lewis L.Rosenheim, SylvanRothschild, FelixRothschild, MosesRothschild, SolomonRothschild, Stanley Z.Schapiro, MorrisSchloss, Irwin A.Schloss, Mrs. MeyerSobeloff, Simon E .Sondheim, WalterSonneborn, Siegmund B .Straus, AaronVan Leer, MiltonWalter, Mrs . Moses R .Westheimer, Henry F.Westheimer, MiltonWestheimer, Mrs . Milton F.Westheimer, Sidney F.Wolf, Alex

HagerstownKline, Jacob A .

HancockRosen, H. M .

Owing MillsSamuels, Morton

MASSACHUSETTSBoston

Agoos, SolomonBaer, LouisBarnet, S . J .Brilliant, Frank

Dana, MeyerDaniels Printing Co .Ehrlich, AdolphEhrlich, WilliamFox, IsidorGordon, Nathan H .Herman, Mrs. Hennie A.Kaplan, J . J .Kirstein, Louis E.Kohn, MarkKohn, SamuelMedalie, Leon S .Mintz, Herman A .Morrison, H.Myerson, AbrahamNorton, G . N .Palais, JosephRosenau, Milton J .Shohet, HermanSpringer, ErnestStrauss, LeonUnited Jewish AppealVan Noorden, E.Vorenberg, FelixWasserman, Jacob

BrocktonKibrick, I . S .

BrooklineCohen, Joseph H .Levi, Dr . HarryPinanski, A. E.Sheinwald, Albert B.Slocum, Isaac M .Wolkowich, Erwin

CampelloWind, Max E.

Fall RiverAdaskin, EdwardCooper, S. B .Epstein, Mr.Feinberg, S.Gourse, David L.


Greenbaum, Dr .Harris, A.Horvitz, BenKline, J .Kovalsky, FredLevin, I .List Bros.Lubinsky, Dr.Markell, H.Mittelman, I.Olinick, MauryPrial, Dr.Radovsky, H. W .Remick, D.Robin, J . S .Shabshelowitz, Mr.Shanok, L.Soforenko, Mr.Sokoletzky, Mr.Unger, W.Yamins, NathanZalkind, Joseph

Jamaica PlainsAlberts, Mrs. Annie

LawrenceBasinow, M.Berenson, L. P .Cohen, Jacob M .Goldberg, D.Hersfield, Z.Lebow, A.Lebowitz, M .Nevins, M .Oppenheim, D .Quint, L. M .Russem, B.Siegel, H.Simon, C.Siskind, A. L .Siskind, I .Siskind, R. R.Slater, N .Trelling, L. M .Warshaw, Max M .

155

156

LowellUnited Jewish Appeal

LynnBlock, FrankCohen, LouisCovner, Dr. Albert H.Goldstein, A . L.Lehner, Robert N .Loew, IraMann, EugenePrizer, AlbertSchon, EdwardTemple Bethel SisterhoodWeinstein, Harry

MaldenHoberman, Samuel

MarshfieldFeinberg, B. M .

MethuenCaplan, M. J .Samels, S .

New BedfordAbrahamson, FisherBarnet, SamuelBeserosky, WilliamDavidow, WilliamGoldfarb, SamuelHorowitz, Jacob A .Horwitz, MorrisKaller, PhillipKaplan, BorisLevinem, L . LouisRussotto, Barnet A .Rosenberg, SolomonSegall, S . K.

NewtonGolden, Edward I .


PeabodyRabinowitz, Isidor

PittsfieldEngland, Simon

PottersvilleMeyer, M .

RoxburyGreen, IsadoreShain, SamuelSnider, Harry

SaugusSalter, M ., & Sons

SpringfieldAsinof, MosesIsenburg, H.Keller, HenryMay, WilliamPrice, SamuelSwirsky, Benjamin

WalthamBayard, H .

WinthropLondon, M. H.

WorcesterArkus, NathanAsher, JacobBeeber, SamuelBeller, John D .Burwick, CarlC & S Wholesale GrocersChase, LouisCohen, Joseph B .Corash, Max H .Corbin, Maurice N.Cotzin, David

Davis, LewisEdinberg, H.Elias, SaulFielding, Bennet I.Glazer, SolomonGordon, ArchieGrodberg & HirschGreenberg, MaxHaberman, HarryHandleman, B . L .Hiatt, A .Hillman, A. M .Isenberg, David B.Kashman, H. L.Katz, IsraelKrintzman, L.Kunin, L .Lewis, A .Kaplan, Herman G.Lyon, Irving J .Mason, George H .Pemstein, GeorgePersky, Abraham S .Putnam, CharlesRozef sky, LouisRuskin, E . S .Sack, JacobSeder, D . I .Seder, SamuelSimmons, William L .Talamo, JosephUlian, I . M .Wald, LewisWhitman, MosesWorcester County United AppealZellen, I . J .

MICHIGANAlpena

Isackson, SamKositchek, E. I .Temple Beth-El

Ann ArborZwerdling, Osias


DetroitButzel, Fred M .Butzel, Henry M .Jewish Welfare FederationLevin, IsadoreLitzky, John

Grand RapidsWolf, Gustave A .

Levine, M .

Lake LindenBenedict, C. H .

Houghton

MINNESOTADuluth

United Jewish Appeal

MinneapolisBrin, ArthurMinneapolis Federation for

Jewish ServiceSapero, Abe

St. PaulBirnberg, T. S .Bratter, PenCalmenson, Jesse B .CommunityFirestone, Milton P .Goodkind, William L .Levine, J . J.Litmann, Bernard N .Loevinger, GustavusMains, A.Orenstein, L . F.Stein, Sam

MISSISSIPPIBrookhaven

Abrams, C. C .

157

1 58


JacksonCommunityDreyfus, Isidor

MeridianAckerman, WilliamAdler, R.Adler, WilliamArky, HerbertDavidson, LDravin, A.Dumont, I.Feibelman, B . M.Feibelman, EdgarFeinstein, J.Foresman, Mrs . RosabelGreenwald, HerbertGreenwald, IrvinJacobson, GabeJacoby, A.Kay, SidneyKlein, K . T.Klein, SimonLerner, WilliamLoeb, AlexLoeb, HenryLoeb, MarshallMarks, I . A .Meyer, HaroldMeyer, J. S .Meyer, JoeMeyer, KarlMeyer, SamPappenheimer, MeyerRice, HarryRosenbaum, A . D .Rosenbaum, I. A .Rosenbaum, M. M .Rosenbush, I .Rothenberg, IrvinRothenberg, LeviRothenberg, LouisRothenberg, Mrs. MarksRothenberg, SamSignoff, MaxStrauss, B . M .Strauss, Sylvan

Threefoot, K.Threefoot, SamUllman, L.Wigransky, L.

MISSOURIKansas City

Cohen, Mrs. HenryDiamant, A.Goldberg, M .Greenman, M .Holzmark, M .Jewish Welfare FederationLoeb, MilfordMayer, MillardOppenheimer, GeorgeRubin, WilliamSosland, David N.Sosland, SamuelSosland, SandersStern, SigmundUhlmann, Paul

St. JosephApple, Mrs . MosesBlock, HarryBlock, NateEhrlich, Milton H.Ehrlich, W. H .Feltenstein, DavidFlarsheim, ClarenceGreenbaum, IsadorHassenbusch, SamuelPhillip, BenPotlitzer, JamesRosenbleet, EugeneSilverman, Mrs . Jo.Wasserkrug, Samuel

St. LouisJewish Federation

MONTANABillings

Friedwald, MaxHarron, L .

NEBRASKALincoln

Koral, Ephraim

OmahaAbrahams, Henry J.Jewish Philanthropies

NEW HAMPSHIREBerlin

United Hebrew Charity

FranklinBarg, IsraelFranklin Jewish OrganizationsSalomon, Max

ManchesterBloomfield, JacobBraverman, A.Bresnick, A.Brodie, I . A .Chase, Edward M .Cohen, Reuben H.Deitch, JohnEckman, NathanEckman, SamElliott, Harold E .Eluto Bros .Eluto, JosephEluto, MandelEluto, MauriceEluto, RolandFinman, L.Foster, Jacob, 2dFoster, JosephFreedman, LouisGilbert, NatGordon, L.Gordon, SamGraham, MiltonHarrison, S. H.Katz, MauriceKavesh, A. D.Krauzer, GeorgeLightstone, J .

List of Sustaining Members

Machinist, AbrahamMalensky, IrvingMandell, MauriceMargolis, SamuelMetz, E. J .Meyer, BenMiller, LouisPorter, George R .Resnik, SamuelRosenberg, MauriceRosenblum, J . MortonRoss, Lewis H .Rudnick, JosephSaidel, MauriceSaidel, MyerSavan, A .Schwartz, J.Shoul, AbrahamSibulkin, A.Silberberg, J .Silver, HenryStahl, SamSullivan, SolomonWoods, JackWoolf, FrankZelinsky, JackZelinsky, William

NashuaPorter, Philip

PortsmouthNannis, M.

NEW JERSEYAtlantic City

Kaas, AndrewKline, Henry S .Perskie, Joseph B .Schwartz, Joseph

BayonneBayonne Progressive Aid Assn .Boorstein, HermanEpstein, S .Grodberg, Irving D.

159

160

Jacobs, MorrisPosnak, KalmanTurtletaub, Abram S .Weiss, M . J .

Bound BrookBorow, Benjamin

BridgetonSchwarzman, D .

CamdenGalanti, JosephKaplan, SidneyKlein, EliasNatal, BenjaminPraissman, Maurice L.

East OrangeAbrahams, Mrs . Leo M .Dimond, A. J .Groedel, TheodoreMayer, A.

ElizabethJewish CouncilStein, Emil

HobokenLichtenstein, JuliusWeill, Milton

IrvingtonLevenson, B . M .

Jersey CityBitterman, Julius I.Eisenberg, I .Falk, Louis A.Manishewitz, Max

MaplewoodLasser, AaronRachlin, A . H .


MontclairHarris, Jacob

New BrunswickLipman, Jacob

NewarkBamberger, Edgar S .Buechler, Dr. HarryFoster, SolomonGorlin, MorrisHannoch, H . J.Heller, J .Hoffman, Charles I .Kussy, Mrs . NathanLewis, WilliamManshel, CharlesMeyer, J . H .Puder, Harry S .Schwartz, Louis C .Stein, SidneySteiner, EdwinStern, S. ArthurSzerlip, LeopoldWarner, Barnett

OrangeAugenblick, Meyer

PalmyraSchwartz, David L.

PatersonGeller, HermanLapat, P . G.

PlainfieldBloom, CharlesBronston, E.Guinsburg, SamuelKantor, AbrahamKlein, SamuelKunzman, IrvingMeltzer, SaulNewcorn, William

Rosin, JosephSachar, KasparSchneller, JuliusSchwartz, SamuelTepper, MaxTornberg, I .Weintraub, Benjamin

South OrangeAbeles, Herbert R.Bamberger, LouisFalk, GilbertHart, Leon A .

SummitJewish Community Center

TrentonAlbert, SamuelBlaugrund, SamuelCitron, IsraelCohen, Edgar T.Cohen, LouisCominsky, SamuelDee, FrankFishberg, JosephForman, PhilipGladstone, JosephGoldberg, BenjaminHochman, LouisHydeman, CharlesKahn, AlbertKaplan, LouisKelsey & VineLeff, HenryLevine, B. D .Levy, HerbertLewis, A . A .Liebrich, Dr. LeonRaphael, Herman E.Rudner, LouisSchafer, JuliusSchragger, CharlesShaffer, E. L.Shipper, Louis B .Siegel, Irving


Silverman, Herman & HarrySimon, SamuelSwern, SamuelTabish, TheodoreVine, Benjamin

West EndKleban, Louis E.

WestwoodGoldberg, David

WildwoodShenberg, IrvingTenenbaum, Harry

NEW MEXICOAlbuquerque

Ilfeld, Louis

NEW YORK CITYManhattan & Bronx

Aaronson, M. L .Abrahams, Michael M.Abrahams, RobertAbrams, AbbaAdler, LeonardAdler, Morton L .Adler, PaulA lperson, E . L.Altheimer, BenAltschul, FrankAnsbacher, D. A.Arkush, ReubenAronsohn, Samuel J .Bacharach, E. S .Badman, TheodoreBaerwald, PaulBaron de Hirsch FundBaron, Salo W.Beaumont TrustBeer, EdwinBergman, H. M .Bergman, SimonBerliner, SamuelBerliss, Arthur D.

161


Berman, IsraelBernhard, HenryBernheim, Alice R.Bernheim, Mr. & Mrs . Henry J.Bernstein, D .Biel, LeonardBing, Alexander M .Bischofsheimer, HenryBloch, AdolphBlock, HenriBlock, HenryBlock, Herman W.Block, I .Bloomingdale, Samuel &Hiram C .

Bluestone, E. M .Blum, AlbertBlum, Mrs. Joseph A .Blumberg, Myer S .Blumenthal, GeorgeBoehm, LouisBorgenicht, LouisBoschwitz, CarlBrand, Albert R.Breitenbach, Jennie M.Brenner, Robert H .Brish, Charles S .Bronston, Benjamin E.Brown, DavisButtenwieser, Benjamin J .Cassel, H .Cohen, Elias A .Cohen, Leonard A.Cohen, Norman M.Cohen, William N .Cohn, AnnieCohn, LouisColeman, Mr. & Mrs . A. E .Congregation Emanu-ElCongregation Rodeph SholomCoons, Sheldron RCowen, DavidCowen, Edward L.Creidenberg, JuliusCrystal, Fabian M.Dammann, Milton

*Deceased

David, JohnDavidson, IsraelDavis, A. M.Davis, G . RichardDreyfus, WilliamDribben, S . F.Dulman, SimonDurlach, Emma K .Durlach, Milton I.Eckstein, SamuelEdelstein, GoodmanEder, J . M .Ehrich, Jesse W.Ehrich, Manfred W .Einstein, Isaac D .Eisemann, AlexEising, HarryElias, P . R .Elkus, Abram I .Ellinger, EdgarElsas, Herman*Enelow, H . G.Engel, Dave F.Engel, HenryErdmann, Albert J .Erlanger, Felix M .Erlanger, Milton S .Erlanger, MitchellErlanger, Sydney B .Feinberg, B . S .Finkelstein, SamFinkelstone, MorrisFinkenberg & Sons, A . Inc .Fischbach, H. F .Fischel, HarryFishel, Leo J .Flexner, BernardFox, J .Frank, Edgar K.Frank, Miss G. L.Frank, L. J .Frank, LeoFrankel, Mrs . Lee K.Frankenheimer, The MissesFreed, Allie S .Freed, LouisFreid, IsadoreFriedman, Amelia G .

Frink, Mrs . Angelina W.Fuerst, William F.Furman, Ed I .Galef, JosephGans, Howard S.Gantz, AaronGarfunkel, AaronGerngross, LeoGilbert, Joseph E .Gilston, JacobGlazier, Henry S.Goetz, Norman S.Golden, S. HerbertGoldman, Mrs . Helen R.Goldman, HenryGoldman, HermanGoldman, WilliamGoldsmith, Elsie B.Goldsmith, FrederickGoldsmith, Lawrence L .Goldsmith, RichardGoldstein, BenjaminGoodfriend, CarrieGoodkind, HaroldGoodman, A., & SonsGoodman, EdwinGordon, William S.Gottheil, Mrs . PaulGottschall, SimonGranet, AdolphGreenbaum, LeoGreene, HaroldGreenspan, HenryGrossman, Jacob J .Grossman, Moses H .Guggenheim Foundation,

Daniel & FlorenceGuinzburg, H. A .Guinzburg, Miss LillieGuinzburg, Richard A.Guiterman, Milton S .Gutman, RosaHaberman, Philip W.Hahn, AlfredHalle, Hiram J .Halle, Louis J .

*Deceased


163

Hanauer, Jerome J.Hart, Mrs . JohnHartstein, Benjamin A.Haskins & SellsHass, Joseph A .Hatry, Harry A.Hebrew Sheltering &

Immigrant Aid SocietyHebrew Publishing Co .Hein, Miss YrsaHelfat, J. NathanHeller, Isaac S .*Hendricks, Mrs . CharlesHendricks, Henry S .Hendricks, Mrs . Henry S .Henshel, H . D.Herbert, EdwardHerman, AbrahamHerman, Sydney H .Hernstadt, W . L.Hershfield, LeviHerzog, Mrs . Belle A .Herzog, Samuel A .Heyman, David M .Himowich, M .Hirsch, Leon H .Hirsch, RichardHirschhorn, FredHirschland, F. H.Hirshon, Mrs . CharlesHochster, AlbertHockstader, Leonard A .Hofheimer, FannieHofheimer, Mrs . FannieHofheimer, HenryHofheimer Foundation, NathanHolzman, AsherHolzman, ElkanHolzman, James M.Holzman, S .Holzman, TobiasHorowitz, Louis J .Horwitz, MaxHorwitz, MosesHubshman, Henry M .Hyamson, M .Hyman, Arthur B .Hyman, Arthur D .

164


Hydeman, Edwin M.Hyman, Joseph C.Ickelheimer, Harry RIsaacs, Stanley M .Israel, CarlosIttleson, HenryJackson, Percival E.Jacobi, HaroldJacobs, R. J., & Co.Jacobs, S . M .Jacobson, FerdinandJacobson, StellaJonas, RalphJoseph, MauriceJoseph, Sylvan LJoseph, Theodore H .Kachurin, PhilipKahn, HerbertKallman, Max S .Kaplan, Ira I.Kaplan, Mordecai M .Karpf, M. J.Kastor, AdolphKastor, Alfred B.Katcher, A. D.Katz, EugeneKatzenberg, Louis, Rose& Howard

Katzenberg, Milton RKatzenstein, Martin L.Kaufman, H. M.Kaye, Gabriel S.Keller, Joseph F.Kempner, S. MarshallKern, Mrs. SarahKirschenbaum, I .Klau, NathanKlee, Mr. & Mrs . Simon J .Klein, D. EmilKlein, Joseph J .Klein, LeopoldKlein, S .Klein, SidKlein, WilliamKline, GeorgeKlingenstein, Charles

*Deceased

Kohler, Edgar J.*Kohler, Max J.Kohnstamm, EdwardKohnstamm, JosephKops, WaldemarKorn, Daniel L.Korn, Walter C.Kornfield, Albert E .Krakeur, JacquesKugelman, Julius G.Kuhe, I .Kuhn, Arthur K.Lachman, Miss RoseLamport, A . M.Landsman, S . M .Langner, LawrenceLauer, Edgar J .Lauterbach, AaronLederer, Richard M .Lederman, M .Lehmaier, James M .Lehman, Arthur, & Associates*Lehman, Harold M .Lehman, Herbert H .Lehman, IrvingLeidesdorf, S . D .Lemon, J . E.Levine, I . B.Levor, Mrs . Louise L .Levy, Mrs. Adele R.Levy, Mrs. DianaLevy, Edgar A .Levy, Mrs. L. N .Levy, Max J .Lewald, SimonLewinson, B .Lewis, TedLewisohn, AdolphLewisohn, Sam A.Lewy, MaxLibman, E .Lichtenstein, M.Light, Norbert D .Lilienthal, Joseph L.Limburg, Alan M.Linde, HermanLion, OscarLipper, Arthur

Lippmann, GeorgeLippmann, HarryLippmann, Robert K.Lissauer, HarryLissner, HermanLitter, Arthur S .Livingston, C.Livingston, Mrs . KateLoeb, Carl M .Loeb, Mrs . MorrisLorsch, HenryLowe, Percival R.Lowenstein, BenjaminLowenstein, BenjaminLowenstein, GabrielLowenstein, Solomon C.Lurie, Mrs . M.Maass, Herbert H.Magnin, Rose F .Malina, LouisManges, MorrisManheimer, Jac R.Marks, Benjamin E .*Marks, Marcus M .Marx, AlexanderMarshall, JamesMaslansky, PhilipMayer, Clinton 0 ., Jr .Mayer, Mrs. SophiaMeirowitz, Dr . PhilipMendelsohn, SigmundMenken, Mrs . Mortimer M .Messing, Louis N .Meyer, Dr . AlfredMeyer, Charles H .Meyer, Florette S .Meyer, MaxMeyers, WallaceMiller, Martha K .Miller Bros. Hat Co .Millhiser, Mrs. Regina V. A.Millstein, HarryMoiseiff, Leon S .Mordecai, BenjaminMorgenthau, HenryMorris, Joseph L.

*Deceased


Morrison, Isidore D .Morse, Moses M .Moskowitz, Dr . HenryMoss, B . S .Muehlstein, H .Mundheim, SamuelNathan, Mrs . Clarence S .Nathan, Mrs . Edgar J.Nathan, Edgar J ., Jr.Nathan, Miss Emily S .Nathan, HaroldNathan, Miss RosalieNaumburg, George W.Naumburg, Mrs . MaxNayfack, Bertram S .Necarlsumer, Mrs. HenryNecarlsumer, HenryNew York FoundationNewborg, Moses, & Co.Newburger, Alfred H .Newburger, M . J .Newburger, Samuel M .Nordlinger, Mrs . FloraNordlinger, H . H .Nordlinger, Miss MarthaOchs, MannieOpton, Milton E.Parmet, MeyerPearlman, PhilPeierls, SiegfriedPforzheimer, Carl H .Phillips, Capt . N . TaylorPollak, Mrs . Francis D .Pollak, MauricePollak, MauricePollard, I . B .Pollitzer, S .Popper, Arthur M .Popper, Mrs. William C .Postley, Gilbert J .Prager, WilliamProkesch, S . Z .Proskauer, Joseph M .Proskauer, RichmanRabinowitz, AaronRacoosin, TheodoreRavner, WilliamReiss, Charles

165


Reiter, Mr . & Mrs. Lewis M .Richter, MaxRiegelman, HaroldRiem, Simon R.Robb, MoeRobbins, K.Rose, Miss Sittah R.Rosenbaum, MartinRosenbaum, Sol G .Rosenberg, H .Rosenberg, James N.Rosenblatt, AlbertRosenfeld, ErnstRosenheim, LouisRosenman, Samuel J .Rosenthal, Mrs . JesseRosenthal, Leon W .Rosenthal, MorrisRosenthal, SamuelRosenthal, Samuel G.Rossbach, Max J .Rossin, Alfred S.Rosenzweig, HenryRoth, HarryRothschild, Miss A.Rothschild, Anna J .Rozoff, HarryRubenstien, Henry H.Sachs, B.Sachs, SamuelSack, Alexander N.Sack, BenjaminSaks, IsadoreSalmanowitz, M .Samkoff, LeonSanders, Max E.Saxe, Sig.Schaap, MichaelSchanzer, Anna H .Scheer, H. C .Scheuer, S . H .Schiff, John M .Schiff, Miss TheresaSchiffer, Mrs . AlfredSchimmer, CharlesSchlesinger, Peter

*Deceased

Schneierson, S . S .Schonbrunn, S . A .Schulte, Joseph M .Schulte, Mrs. Joseph M .Schwarzhaupt, EmilSchwartz, Daniel S .Seiferheld, David F .Seiferheld, SigmundSeligman, EustaceSemel, BernardSessler, Mrs . BelleSicher, Samuel A.Sidenberg, Mrs . HenrySidenberg, William R.Siegman, SimonSilberstein, AbrahamSinger, Henry B .Sloman, M .Solinger, Ray C.Solis, Miss Elvira N .Sondheim, PhineasSonneborn, Dr . F.Speyer, JamesSpiegelberg, George C.Spitz, LeopoldStamm, Alfred LouisStein, Meyer A.Stein, S.Steiner, Herbert E .Steiner, Milton S .Stern, AlbertStern, AlbertStern, ArthurStern, DavidStern, Henry RootStern, MiltonStern, Mrs . WilliamSternberg, SamuelStettenheim Foundation,

Flora R . & Isidor M .Stiefel, Helen S .Stieglitz, Mr . & Mrs . AlbertStix, Sylvan L.Stone, N . I .Straus, Harry H.Straus, Hugh GrantStraus, Roger W.*Strauss, Charles

Strauss, Mrs. Daisy R .Strauss, Dr . IsraelStrauss, Lewis L.Strauss, Mrs . S . J .Stroock, Mrs . Pauline S.Stroock, Sol M.Sulzberger, Arthur HaysSulzberger, Mrs. Cyrus L.Sulzberger, David HaysSulzberger, NathanSundheimer, W . A.Surut, LouisSussman, William S .Tas, EmileTaussig, Mrs. Noah W.Toch, MaxTrachman, MorrisTrencher, BernardTrounstine, Lewis J .Uhry, Mrs. RoseUnger, Harry W.

*Unterberg, IsraelVan Raalte, BenjaminVeith, Mrs. F. F .Vineberg, Hiram N.Vogel, Edwin C.*Vogelstein, LudwigVorhaus, Louis J .Wachenheim, EdgarWachenheim, Robert J.Wachman, J. M.Waldman, Morris D .Wallach, CharlesWaller, JeromeWallerstein, LeoWallerstein, Leo & MaxWallerstein, MaxWarburg, Felix M.Wasservogel, IsidorWaterman, EdmundWeil, Charles S .Weil, Mr. & Mrs . SumnerWeill, MaxWeinberg, Sidney J.Weiner, Mrs . DavidWeisman, Milton C.

*Deceased


Weiss, J . S .Wels, IsidorWertheimer, Leon G .Wilensky, A. 0 .Wiley, LouisWillett, GeorgeWillett, MeyerWillstatter, Mrs . A .*Wimpfheimer, Charles A .Wolbarst, Dr. A. L.Wolf, AbrahamWolf, FrankWolf, SimsonWolff, Mrs . J . R .Wolff, JeromeWolff, Mrs. MeyerWolfinsohn, Mrs. WolfeWolfson, T.Wollman, HenryWollman, William J .Women's Branch Union ofOrthodox Synagogues

Women's League of UnitedSynagogues

Yankauer, AlfredYankauer, MaxYounker, Ira M .Zaliels, MaxZobel, Frederick C.

BrooklynBachrach, Clarence G .Berstein, B .Bildersee, Miss AdeleBlock, AlexanderBlum, Robert E.Brooklyn Jewish CommitteeBrown, DesmondCeller, EmanuelFranks, Hyman S .Germain, L.Greene, D.Greenstone, MeyerGroden, MorrisHamburger, LouisJason, Alfred H.Jaffa, CharlesKiss, M .

167


Levy, Marks G .Lieberman, WilliamLyons, AlexMargulies, Dr.Marks, Henry M.Matz, IsraelMax, William D .May, Joseph M .Mochat, BertramMorris, Dr . WilliamNeumann, Dr. HenryRosenblum, PhilipRosenson, A . S .Rothschild, Walter N.Salant, Aaron B .Schaap, Joseph M .Schwartz, DavidShapiro, EphraimSnyder, MarshallStrauss Stores Corp.Sweedler, NathanThau, SigmundTroy, Carl EdwardVoice, Jacob A.Voltter, Louis A.Weinberg, HarryWestheimer, Sidney B.Wiernik, P.

Long IslandCahn, Sigmund, Richmond HillDiamond, S., Ozone ParkEisenmann, E., Far RockawayGross, George M., JamaicaHenshel, H. D., Kew GardensHofman, Stephen M .,Far Rockaway

Jaffe, Herman, Forest HillsKohn, Mrs. Max, CedarhurstVeit, Benjamin, Far RockawayWeiner, Carrie, Woodmere

Staten IslandJacobson,Isadore,

Port RichmondLevy, Max, Port Richmond

NEW YORKAdams

Belloff, Aaron

AlbanyAronowitz, Samuel E .Aufsesser, Mrs . F . M.Aufsesser, MosesBarnet, Harry B .Bamberger, J . B .Bookstein, IsadoreDeBeer, Frederick S .DeBeer, JacobFleischman, A. S .Friend, Charles M.Green, JosephHirschfeld, HenryIlich, JuliusJacobs, AvromLamer, Samuel H .Myers, NathanNeuman, Leo H .Robinson, Robert A.Rosendale, S. W .Silberman, LouisSwartz, C. J .Tarsey, Benjamin R .Wallenstein, Reuben

BinghamtonAbrams, LawrenceBloom, M. S .Cohen, Ben F.Davis, Herbert M .Diamond, Samuel L .Frankel, SidneyGitlitz, J . B .Horovitch, SamuelKlionsky, Mrs.Levene, CharlesLevene, HenryMossew, Charles A.Pearis, SamuelResnick, MorrisRosenthal, Charles R.Rosenthal, S . C.Rubin, LeoSoll, MauriceStearns, AlbertWeiss, Martin

BuffaloBock, Meyer

Erie County Lodge IOBAHarris, Samuel J .Keiser, A .Levi, SiegfriedLewis, MaxMaisel, LouisNathan, Mrs . HenryPenn, J . P .Roblin, DanielRoblin, HarrySaperston, Howard T.Saperston, Willard W .Victor, HarryWarner, EdgarWarner, Rudolph J .Weill, LouisWeintraub, MaxWile, Herman

Central ValleyAhrend, D . H .

CobleskillWeitzman, H.

CrotonKaplan, J. M.

EllenvilleLevine, Herman J.

ElnihurstSeacrest Laundry, Inc.

ElmiraGolos, B . E.Horwitz, HarrySammet, J . B .

HartsdaleGaisman, H . J .Meyer, Arthur S .

HerkimerSchermer, Benjamin


JeffersonvilleGinsberg, A.

LarchmontElkan, Benno

Little FallsNational Council of JewishWomen

Mount VernonEpstein, H .Mann, Leon

New RochelleGuttag, J .Miller, Mrs . Nathan J .Potter, Samuel A .Rosett, L.

NewburghStern, F .Stroock, Bertram A .

Niagara FallsChinkers, Mrs. J .Levy Bros . Furniture Co .Oppenheim, Mrs. Pearl S.Silberberg Bros .Silberberg, Bertha & Sarah

OleanMarcus, H . W .

PittsfordWolf, Mrs . Horace J.

PoughkeepsieRosenthal, Reuben

RochesterAdler, IsaacAdler, MaxAdler, MortimerApplebaum, S . J .

169

170


Bakrow, Jule J .Benjamin, MorrisCohen, MorrisCohn, Herman C.Cohn, Herman M .Cramer, B . A .Edelstein, SimonEpstein, Miss MinnieFirestone, S .Forman, B .Garson, L. M .Germanow, HermanGlaser, JeromeHarris, Harry Z.Hess, Mr. & Mrs . GeraldHeumann, SolHyman, Alfred H.Katz, Mrs. A. J .Klonick, HarryKochenthal, JesseKolio, H.Krause, EugeneLeiter, HarryLerner, Macy L.Levy, H. J .Lowenthal, Eugene M .Mannheimer, IkeMarkus, Charles W.Meyers, Jacques L.Meyers, Walter S .Michaels, JosephNeisner, Joseph M.Samuelsohn, HenrySegal, HarrySilverstein, Joseph E .Simon, Mrs. FlorenceSpanel, A.Steifell, Mrs. SimonStein, Simon N .Stern, Henry M.Stern, M. A.Weiss, Miss EstherWile, Julius M .Wiley, Julian

ScarsdaleGips, Walter F .Trager, J. GarfieldWolff, Mr . & Mrs . Samuel F.

SchenectadyGraubart, Maurice B .Grosberg, Joseph E .Lurie, Lewis

SuffernGoldburg, Louis

SyracuseGrossman, Lionel 0 .Serling, HarryReligious School, Temple SocietySyracuse Jewish Federation

TroyAlexander, MiltonBeth-El BrotherhoodButler, H. H .

UticaAbelove, BarneyAbelson, BarneyBrown, LouisCopeland, DavidFreedman, Miss SaraGoodman, HaroldGreen, CharlesGross, NathanGrossman, B . C.Hanen, JohnJacobson, EdwardJewish Community CouncilKatzman, NathanKowalsky, H . E.Kowalsky, LouisKowalsky, RobertLewis, H. MyronLichtman, E . A .Lichtman, MaxMarkson, SamuelSamuels, JosephSitrin, CharlesSitrin, Charles T.Sitrin, HymanSlater, H . SamuelSonneborn, HermanToffier, BernardVyner, A. L .


171

WatertownLebovsky, Edward H .

West AlbanyRosenstock, Sidney M .

White PlainsAronson, JacobBurstein, BenjaminDoernberg, Dudley D.Grinberg, J. P .Jewish Community CenterKempner, Alan H .Lewis, EdwardPollock, JoeTannenbaum, Samuel W.

NORTH CAROLINABurgaw

Highsmith, EmmettMargolis, H .

GoldsboroCommunityWeil, Mrs. HenryWeil, Lionel

GreensboroCommunityCone, HermanCone, Mrs. Jeanette

Mount AirySchafer, Mrs . R

StatesvilleWallace, Sigmund

WilmingtonBlock, William

NORTH DAKOTABismarck

Rigler, Charles

Mill, W.

FargoBachenheimer, HugoGoldberg, JakeGoldberg, Louis P.Goldberg, MaxKaufman, M .Siegel, MattWilk, HermanWilk, M . A.

Devils Lake

Sgutt, S . B .Minot

OHIOAkron

Alexander, DavidGuren, S. B .

BellaireAxelrod, Simon

BucyrusEngelhard, M .

CantonCohen, Ernest H .Luntz, A. M .Wilkoff, Morris

CincinnatiJewish Welfare FundJohnson, Samuel J.Minster, L . RRosenthal, George W.

ClevelandJewish Welfare Fund

ColumbusJoint FundLazarus, Fred, Jr .


Lazarus, RobertLazarus, SimonMeisner, SimonSumner, Samuel N .Zieger, Harry

DaytonAdler, C. C .Adler, M . L .Adler, R . C.Cohn, Harry E .Cramer, NormanEisenberger, I .Lehman, Bernard

*Lehman, HarryLessner, Joseph M .Newsalt, T. A.Rauh, EdRauh, ElmerSanders, NathanThal, S . H .

HamiltonKohn, Myron D .

SpringfieldCommunityJaffa, Sam

SteubenvilleFreifield, Samuel

ToledoBasch, SylvainBillstein, H . H .Bloch, Henry B .Carvalho, LeslieCronstine, Dr . MonroeEdelstein, SolEppstein, JosephEppstein, LouisFarber, EugeneFrank, Irving S .Gerson, SamGoldman, Leo J.Jewish Relief Committee*Deceased

Kaplin, Thomas L .Kobacker, JeromeKobacker'sLempert, M. H.Levison, HarryNewmeyer, LeroyReuben, Al E.Sanger, SigmundSchreiber, CornellSkutch, William G.Smith, Oscar J .Wiener, HermanZeckhauser, JuliusZiegler, Alfred

YoungstownFrankle, MoseJewish Welfare CampaignKlivans, JacobLevinson, HarryLevison, RitterMoyer, Morris

OKLAHOMAArdmore

Ardmore Federated CharitiesWestheimer, Max

AtokaZweigel, A .

BartlesvilleMay, Anna

BristowLoeflfer, Louis

ChickashaHigh, S. S .Levine, BenMiller, Charles I.Raizin, S .Spitzer, Paul


173

CoalgateVogel I ., & SonsZweigel, Mr.

DuncanRolinowitz, Ben

EnidCouncil of Jewish WomenEskin, JosephHerzberg, A .

ErickBlondstein, SamFrank, CharlesFrank, Harry B .

HintonSeigle, Morris

IdabelFine, M .Wiesenfeld, Morris

LawtonZak, Ralph

McAlesterWeitzenhoffer, Aaron M .Weitzenhoffer, I . I .Weitzenhoffer, M. M .Weitzenhoffer Bros.

MuskogeeFlamm, WilliamMay Bros .McEntee, Mrs . J . M ., Sr .Sondheimer, Samuel

NormanCourt, N .

Oklahoma CityBarnett, BenBarth, Edwin

Barth, Mrs . LenaBarth, LeopoldBernstein, JeromeBernstein, S . K.Blatt, JosephBloch, JulesBravo, SamButkin, L .Byers, PaulCoplan, A. J .Davis, DaveDavis, WilliamDreyfus, A.Englesman, A . D .Fagin Bros .Fine, M .Fisher, RobertFishman, C. J .Gerson, HarryGoldfain, E.Goldfarb, GeorgeGordon, AbeGordon, HarryGordon, SamGreenberg, MyerGreenberg, TedHart, OttoHecker, HarryHeiman, Al I . & Herbert J .Herman, S . H .Herskowitz, E. N.Herskowitz, HarryHerskowitz, N . D .Herskowitz Estate, MaxHipsh, M .Hirschland, BenHorwitz, L . J .Jacobson, J .Kamber, Milton & LouisKopp, Mrs . H .Krouch, J .Lehrman, J. H.Levi, E. N .Levine, N.Levy, HarryLewis, WilliamLieberman, PaulLowenstein, M .

174


Marizon, J .May, BenMendel, A .Mulmed, B .Muroff, Mr.Myer, Mrs. JosephNaman, Mrs. EdPaul, Gus A.Paul, H .Pollock, L . L .Rosenfield, Mrs. H .Rosenfield, JoelRosenfield, LouisRosenfield, MaxRosenthal, AlRubin, I.Sanditen, H.Schinwald, DaveSchonwald, MorrisSchwartz, J .Simon, HarrySinger, S . J .Standard Food MarketsTanenbaum, Mrs . JosieTaubaum, A.Teller, H . J .Warsaski, DavidWarshawer, M . W.Wolff, H . P.

OkrnulgeeSheffel, Nathan

PerryGottlieb, M.Gottlieb, R .Lobsitz, James

Ponca CityGallanter, J . G.Goldenstein, J .Shure, M . B .

SapulpaKatz Dept. Store

ShawneeKamenesky, Jake

StillwaterKatz, J .

TulsaAppleman, NathanHershkowitz, I. M .

WeatherfordKramer, Ben H .Soloway, M.

PENNSYLVANIAPhiladelphia

Adler, CyrusAllman, Justin P .American Philanthropic

AssociationAmram, David W.Ancker, Lawrence L.Atchick, IsaacBehrend, MosesBerkowitz, Leon L.Bernstein, Robert M .Billikopf, JacobBlauner, HarryBloch, ArthurBlumenthal, HartBlumenthal, Mrs . RebeccaBraude, Henry W.Brav, AaronBrylawski, EdwardCassett, L. N .Cohen, A. J .Cohen, IsraelCongregation Beth ElCushman, Edward H .Drob, MorrisEichholz, AdolphEllerman, SidneyEllis, A . M .Elmaleh, L. H .Fels, MauriceFernberger, Herman W.

Fleisher, Arthur A.Fox, Charles EdwinFrank, MartinFriedman, LionelFriedman, SamuelFriedman, Samuel P .Gerstley, Mrs . H .Gerstley, IsaacGerstley, Louis, Jr .Gerstley, SamuelGoldburgh, Harold L.Golder, Benjamin M .Goldsmith, KatherineGoldstein, JosephGordon, A.Grand Lodge Judaic UnionGray, J. MauriceGreenstone, Julius H .Gross, HarryGrossman, SamuelHagedorn, Joseph H .Har Zion TempleHassler, IsaacHeidelberger, LouisHirsh, Harry B .Henly, ElkanKapp, DavidKatz, SimonKatzenberg, LucienKatzman, MaxKind, Mrs . IdaKind, PhilipKlein, Alfred M.Klein, EugeneKoch, I. M .Kohn, BernardKohn, IrvingKohn, JosephLangfeld, William L.Levinthal, Louis E.Levy, Howard S.Levy, Lionel F.Lichtenstein, MayerLieberman, Albert H.Lifter, Mrs. Joseph J .Loeb, AdolphLoeb, ArthurLoeb, Howard A .


175

Loeb, MichaelLoeb, OscarLoewenberg, Samuel A.Loewenstein, SidneyMarkovitz Bros .Matusow, HarryMayer, Clinton O.Mazer, CharlesMiller-Faggen, Mrs . Jennie H.Mitosky, JosephNeuman, Abraham A .Nusbaum, Harry_Obermayer, Leon J.Paley, SamuelPep Boys-Manny-Moe-JackPfaelzer, Mrs. Frank A .Pinkus, MaxPollock, Miss Henriette S.Reform Congregation

Keneseth IsraelRiesman, DavidRobinson, Harry A.Rosen, TheodoreRosenbaum, HeinrichRosenfeld, A. L.Rosenwald, Lessing J.Rosewater, VictorRosskam, EmmaRosskam, Lester G .Rosskam, William B.Schless, Robert A.Schneyer Clothing Co.Schorr, George J .Schorr, Henry W .Selig, BernardSelig, Ely K.Selig, EmilSelig, SolSickles, SolomonSolis-Cohen, J ., Jr.Solis-Cohen, S .Solms, Albert M.Spector, MauriceStern, BernhardStern, Miss BerthaStern, Mrs . Debbie L .Stern, HoraceStern, Howard E.

176

Sunstein, Leon C.Trumper, MaxVan Straaten, AlexWalter, SimonWeber, DavidWeintraub, JuliusWeyl, Julius S.Weyl, Maurice N .White, AbeWolf, Mrs . AlbertWolf, ClarenceWolf, David J .*Wolf, EdwinWolf, Mrs . FedoraWolf, Howard A.Wolf, LouisWolf, MorrisWolf, Walter L .Wurzel, Maurice L .

AllentownBenioff, HermanBrone, S . S .Fraenkel, JuliusGottlieb, Moritz M .Haltzel, Henry S .Hess, Mrs. MaxKauffmann, MitchellLeonard, JosephMarkowitz, SamuelSamuels, Mrs. A.Samuels, Jay M.Smith, SamuelSubin, Louis

AltoonaCohn, BenjaminScheeline, Isaiah

Beaver FallsSolomon, Moses

ButlerBerman, M. A .Horwitz, William

ChesterSpeare Bros .' Deceased

The American Jeurish Committee

CoatesvilleGoldberg, J . & Co.

CraftonHerman, J.

DanvilleMarks, B . L .

DuquesneLevine Bros.

EastonMayer, Jacob

Elkins ParkFleisher, Mrs. Horace T .Hirsch, Louis A.Sloss, Margaret F.

ErieCommunityMeyers, Jacob

FredericktownAustin, J.Findle & FindleGross, R.Kopelson Bros .Lazobik, S .Moskovitz & BrownRosenthal,M .Silverblatt, S.Simon, I .Ziskind & Brown

HarrisburgGerman Jewish Relief

HazletonRifkin, Isadore

LancasterPirosh, WilliamSalomon, SaulStein, B . D .

LansfordKutler, Reuben

LeechburgBraun, Harry

LehightonRauscher, Emanuel

McKeesportBuck, WilliamHirshberg, J. & Co.Kaplan, R . E.Kolkstone, SamuelLevine, HermanRuben, Joseph H .Samuels, Harry P.Shroder, MorrisUnion Clothing Co.

Mount UnionShapiro, J . S . & Son

PalmertonPhilip, Harry

PittsburghAaron, MarcusBaer, JuliusBash, HenryBaum, HugoBlum, Max L.Buckstein, SolCohn, Mrs . CarrieEllman, LouisFrank, Mr. & Mrs . H . I .Frank, Robert J .Goldsmith, Mrs . Samuel B .Grafner, EmanuelKann, Stanley J .Kaufmann, Mrs . Betty W .Kaufmann, Mr . & Mrs . Karl J .Klee, William B.Klein, S . S .Labowitz, DavidLehman, Mr. & Mrs. Irvin F.Loeb, Frank S.Neaman, Morris


Nolan, Mark H.Rauh, MarcusShermer, Frank J .Simon, I. A .Steinberg, Mr . & Mrs .Benjamin L .

Strassburger, Eugene B .Strassburger, Harvey S .Teller, Sidney A.United Jewish AppealWertheimer, Miss Ella

RankinWeber, Morris B.

ReadingUnited Jewish Appeal

RenovoSchwartz, Miss Celia E .

ScrantonUnited Jewish Committee

SheffieldEpstein, Levi

TowandaTowanda Wholesale Co .

Wilkes BarreBravman, PhilipCommunityFeinberg, HarryLandau, HermanSilverblatt, J .United Jewish AllianceWeitzenkorn, J. K .

RHODE ISLANDProvidence

Abrams, SaulBerger, I .Braude, William G.Felder, Jacob I .Garfinkel, I .Silverman Bros.

177

178

SOUTH CAROLINACamden

Kirschner, Mr . & Mrs . D .

CharlestonLoeb, Mrs . Lee

St. MathewsPearlstone, Shep

SpartanburgCommunityGreenwald, I. H.

SumterBarnett, Mr. & Mrs . H . D .Moise, L. C.Sumter Temple Sinai

TENNESSEEMemphis

Abraham Bros.Ettleson, H . W.Friedlander, S .Jewish Welfare FundKaplan, MaxMenke, J. B .Metzger, Otto

NashvilleCommunity

TEXASBrownsville

Kowalski, B. L .

DallasBromberg, Henri L .Florence, F. F.Jewish Federation for

Social ServiceLinz, Simon

El PasoBarnett, HarryBlaugrund, EddieBlaugrund, HenryBlaugrund, J. B .


Coblentz, M.El Paso Jewish Relief SocietyErlich, I .Given, CharlesHirschberg, I .Krohn, Ed . H .Mathias, A .Potash, H.Roth, Joseph M.Schwartz, Ervin H .Schwartz, MauriceSternglanz, EliasWeinstein, RWeiss, I .Wisburn, Ed.Zielonka, Martin

Fort WorthFriedman, Harry B .Council of Jewish WomenMehl, B. MaxMiller, H. H .Schwarz, Edwin G .Simon, M . M.

GalvestonBlock, JulesBodansky, M .Burka, Morris E .Cohen, HenryCohen, Robert I.Davidson, H . E .Feldman, Louis H .Kempner, H.Levy, AdrianLevy, J . M.Lion, AlphonseNeethe, JohnSass, BenSeinsheimer, J .Seinsheimer, J . F.Swiff, JacobWeill, Mrs . Mella

HoustonCommunityJarett, Robert S .Schnitzer, MaxWeingarten, J .

Maier, S .

PampaFinkelstein, D . A.

San AntonioCommunityHalff, Mrs . HenryOppenheimer, J . D .Sharlack, Louis

TylerCommunityWadel, Burnett

Waco

Palestine

Young Judea

UTAHBamberger, Julian M .Marcus, LouisOttenheimer, AlbertRosenbleet, Nathan

VIRGINIABerryville

Scheuer, Harold L.

NorfolkAltschul, H.

RichmondElsner, SolGaleski, Mrs . S.Kaufmann, I.Raab, Henry S .Raab, Merrill E .Stern, Sidney L.Strause, Maurice L.Thalhimer, William B .United Jewish Appeal

WASHINGTONSeattle

Cooper, IsaacGerber, MauriceGrunbaum, O. S.Koch, SamuelKreielsheimer, Max


Lang, R E.Lipman, DavidNewberger, M . W .Rosenberg, EmanuelShemanski, AlbertShemanski, AlfredStern, L. M .

WenatcheeNeubauer, N . I.

WEST VIRGINIACharleston

Frankenberger, Max

Charles TownSilverstein, A. P .

HuntingtonSamson, Samuel

WheelingHorkheimer, Louis

WISCONSINGreen Bay

Abrohams, B.Baum, Cecil

MadisonEllman, Ben L.

MilwaukeeFriedlander, A . J .Gottschalk, Max W.Patek, Arthur J .Rosenberg, ArminSalzstein, A . L .Schuster, B. L.Sure, Julius H .

SheboyganFederated Jewish Charities

FOREIGNKeith, Sydney,

Melbourne, AustraliaSteiner, James,Honolulu, H . I .

179

CONTRIBUTING ORGANIZATIONSAlabama

Congregation Emanuel, BirminghamGerman Emergency Fund, BirminghamCongregation B'nai Scholem, HuntsvilleCommunity of MobileJewish Federation, Montgomery

ArizonaCongregation Adath Israel, Douglas

ArkansasFederation of Jewish Charities, Little Rock

CaliforniaUnited Jewish Welfare Fund, OaklandJewish National Welfare Fund, San Francisco

ConnecticutEmanuel Brotherhood, HartfordCong. Beth Israel, HartfordTemple Sisterhood Cong. Beth Israel, HartfordCongregation, Mishkan Israel, New HavenCommunity of New LondonUnited Jewish Committee, Waterbury

FloridaCommunity of GainesvilleCommunity of JacksonvilleMiami Joint Committee, MiamiAllied Jewish Campaign, Tampa

GeorgiaAtlanta Advisory Council, AtlantaCommunity of Augusta

,Jewish Community, MaconUnited Jewish Drive, Savannah

IllinoisAurora Y. M. H. A., AuroraRosenwald Family Association, ChicagoSinai Congregation, Chicago

181

182


Temple Religious School, ChicagoNorth Shore Cong . Israel, Glencoe

IndianaFederated Jewish Charities, Fort WayneJewish Welfare Fund, IndianapolisCommunity of Terre Haute

IowaCommunity of Des MoinesUnited Jewish Appeal, DavenportFederation of Jewish Social Service, Sioux City

KentuckyAdath Israel Religious School, LouisvilleUnited Jewish Campaign, Louisville

LouisianaTemple Sinai, Lake Charles

MarylandOheb Sholom Religious School, Baltimore

MassachusettsUnited Jewish Appeal, BostonUnited Jewish Appeal, LowellTemple Beth El Sisterhood, LynnWorcester County United Appeal, Worcester

MichiganTemple Beth-El, AlpenaJewish Welfare Federation, Detroit

MinnesotaUnited Jewish Appeal, DuluthMinneapolis Federation for Jewish Service, MinneapolisCommunity of St. Paul

MississippiCommunity of Jackson

MissouriJewish Welfare Federation, Kansas CityJewish Federation, St . Louis

NebraskaJewish Philanthropies, Omaha

Contributing Organizations

183

New HampshireUnited Hebrew Charity, BerlinFranklin Jewish Organizations, Franklin

New JerseyBayonne Progressive Aid Assn., BayonneJewish Council, ElizabethJewish Community Center, Summit

New YorkErie County Lodge IOBA, BuffaloNational Council of Jewish Women, Little FallsReligious School, Temple Society, SyracuseSyracuse Jewish Federation, SyracuseBeth-El Brotherhood, TroyJewish Community Council, UticaJewish Community Center, White PlainsBaron de Hirsch Fund, New York CityBeaumont Trust, New York CityCongregation Emanu-El, New York CityCongregation Rodeph Sholom, New York CityDaniel & Florence Guggenheim Foundation, New York CityHebrew Sheltering & Immigrant Aid Society, New York CityNathan Hofheimer Foundation, New York CityNew York Foundation, New York CityFlora R. & Isidor M . Stettenheim Foundation, New York CityWomen's Branch Union of Orthodox SynagoguesWomen's League of United SynagoguesBrooklyn Jewish Committee, Brooklyn

North CarolinaCommunity of GreensboroCommunity of Goldsboro

OhioJewish Welfare Fund, CincinnatiJewish Welfare Fund, ClevelandJoint Fund, ColumbusCommunity of SpringfieldJewish Relief Committee, ToledoJewish Welfare Campaign, Youngstown

184


OklahomaArdmore Federated Charities, ArdmoreCouncil of Jewish Women, Enid

PennsylvaniaCommunity of ErieGerman Jewish Relief, HarrisburgAmerican Philanthropic Association, PhiladelphiaCongregation Beth-El, PhiladelphiaGrand Lodge Judaic Union, PhiladelphiaHar Zion Temple, PhiladelphiaReform Congregation Keneseth Israel, PhiladelphiaUnited Jewish Appeal, PittsburghUnited Jewish Appeal, ReadingUnited Jewish Committee, ScrantonCommunity of Wilkes BarreUnited Jewish Alliance, Wilkes Barre

South CarolinaCommunity of SpartanburgSumter Temple Sinai, Sumter

TennesseeJewish Welfare Fund, MemphisCommunity of Nashville

TexasJewish Federation for Social Service, DallasEl Paso Jewish Relief Society, El PasoCouncil of Jewish Women, Fort WorthCommunity of HoustonCommunity of San AntonioCommunity of TylerYoung Judea, Waco

VirginiaUnited Jewish Appeal, Richmond

WisconsinFederated Jewish Charities, Sheboygan

Legacies

185

LEGACIES

1921-Jacob Wertheim, New York City$1,000.00

1924-Jacob H. Simmons, Syracuse, N. Y$799.41

1929-Louis Marshall, New York City$14,089 .22

1932-Morris Abeles, Leavenworth, Kan$500.00

1934-Max J. Kohler, New York City$500.00

LEGACIESFor the information and use of those who desire

to make bequests to THE AMERICAN JEWISH COM-MITTEE, and thus to perpetuate its work, when theirown personal efforts are ended, the following formis suggested

I give and bequeath to THE AMERICAN JEWISHCOMMITTEE, incorporated under the laws o f New

York, the sum o fdollars

for its general purposes (or a special purpose maybe stated) .

Legacies may also be left to the COMMITTEE in trust,the income only to be used .

In case it is desired to give real estate, the followingform may be used :

I give, bequeath and devise to THE AMERICANJEWISH COMMITTEE, incorporated under the laws

of New York, the following property to wit :

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . .. . . . .

The american jewish_committee-28th_report-1935-174pgs-rel

Education

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jewish theological

unified national

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american hebrew

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canadian jewish

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