THE AMERICAN CIVIL War

1861-1865

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Johhnny Rebs, Copperheads

Federal troops, Yankees

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Secession means to leave a union. Secession means to leave a union. When the South secedes, the North When the South secedes, the North

declares war to bring the South backdeclares war to bring the South back Into the Union.Into the Union.

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North vs. South in North vs. South in 18611861

North vs. South in North vs. South in 18611861

NorthNorth SouthSouth

Advantages ?? ??

Disadvantages ?? ??

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- - population - 22 million (3X the South)population - 22 million (3X the South)

- Industries could make far more - Industries could make far more weaponsweapons

- efficient railroad system- efficient railroad system- controlled the navy, which was used - controlled the navy, which was used

to blockade ships coming in to the South. to blockade ships coming in to the South. This disrupted the South’s ability to make This disrupted the South’s ability to make money.money. - Ulysses S. Grant- Ulysses S. Grant became the main became the main general and his general and his Strategy was to cut the South off at the MississippiStrategy was to cut the South off at the MississippiRiver so they couldn’t communicate with River so they couldn’t communicate with Their whole army.Their whole army.

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Confederates had excellent generals too -Confederates had excellent generals too -Robert E. Lee was the best probably everRobert E. Lee was the best probably ever

Home advantageHome advantage Farmers fight better than factory workersFarmers fight better than factory workers Their strategy was to wear down the North and Their strategy was to wear down the North and outlast them in the fight. They thought the North wouldoutlast them in the fight. They thought the North would

give up and lose interest in keeping themgive up and lose interest in keeping them in the Union.in the Union.

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Robert E. LeeRobert E. Lee He named his horse He named his horse

Traveller.Traveller. He said, He said, ““I donI don’’t see t see

how we could have how we could have an army without an army without music.music.”” Lee owned a Lee owned a pet hen. The hen pet hen. The hen went with him went with him everywhere. At everywhere. At Gettysburg, he had Gettysburg, he had his Generals help his Generals help him find his lost hen.him find his lost hen.

Picture Credit: www.guyartgallery.com/ civil%20war%20gallery.htm

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Rating the North & the Rating the North & the SouthSouth

Rating the North & the Rating the North & the SouthSouth

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The South was looking to have Great Britain The South was looking to have Great Britain help them in the war (since GB industry was help them in the war (since GB industry was dependent on "King Cotton")...but GB did dependent on "King Cotton")...but GB did not want to become involved:not want to become involved: GB had stockpiled cotton as the conflict GB had stockpiled cotton as the conflict

was escalating; they had also found other was escalating; they had also found other sources (Madras, India)sources (Madras, India)

Most British workers who lost their jobs Most British workers who lost their jobs in cotton factories had been able to find in cotton factories had been able to find work in the new weapons factories that work in the new weapons factories that were mostly being sold to the Northwere mostly being sold to the North

Most British citizens hated slaveryMost British citizens hated slavery British crop failures had led to increased British crop failures had led to increased

grain trade w/ the Northgrain trade w/ the North

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Ulysses S. GrantUlysses S. Grant Grant was the Grant was the

commander of the commander of the Union (North) army Union (North) army in the Civil War.in the Civil War.

He was in the war He was in the war with Mexico.with Mexico.

He went to college He went to college at West Point like at West Point like Robert E. Lee.Robert E. Lee.

Becomes President Becomes President laterlater

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First Battle was at Bull Run:First Battle was at Bull Run:Picnicking at the Battle GroundPicnicking at the Battle Ground

People carried picnic baskets and champagnePeople carried picnic baskets and champagne Brought binoculars to view the action more closelyBrought binoculars to view the action more closely Believed the battle would not last longBelieved the battle would not last long No doubt that the Northern army would easily overpower No doubt that the Northern army would easily overpower

the Rebels the Rebels

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OverviewOverviewofof

the Norththe North’’ssCivil WarCivil WarStrategy:Strategy:

““AnacondaAnaconda””Plan:Plan:

Split the Split the Confederate Confederate

off at the off at the Mississippi Mississippi

RiverRiver

OverviewOverviewofof

the Norththe North’’ssCivil WarCivil WarStrategy:Strategy:

““AnacondaAnaconda””Plan:Plan:

Split the Split the Confederate Confederate

off at the off at the Mississippi Mississippi

RiverRiver

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Buy Your Way Buy Your Way Out of Military Out of Military

ServiceService

Buy Your Way Buy Your Way Out of Military Out of Military

ServiceServiceCopnscription meant thatA young man could buy his wayOut of serving in the militaryIf their family owned 20 slaves orIf they paid $300

This made people say:The Civil War was a Rich Man’sWar but a Poor Man’s fight.”

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Battle of AntietamBattle of Antietam ““Bloodiest Single Day of the Bloodiest Single Day of the

WarWar””

Battle of AntietamBattle of Antietam ““Bloodiest Single Day of the Bloodiest Single Day of the

WarWar””

23,000 23,000 casualtiescasualties

23,000 23,000 casualtiescasualties

September 17, September 17, 18621862September 17, September 17, 18621862

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AntietamAntietam The Battle took place in The Battle took place in

Farmer MillerFarmer Miller’’s cornfield.s cornfield. The battle is known as the The battle is known as the

Single bloodiest day in the Single bloodiest day in the Civil War.Civil War.

23,500 men were killed in 23,500 men were killed in the Bloody lane.the Bloody lane.

The name of the bridge The name of the bridge where the confederates where the confederates held the Yankees for 4 held the Yankees for 4 hours is called, Burnside.hours is called, Burnside.

The south used rocks The south used rocks when they ran out of when they ran out of ammunition.ammunition.

South won the battle.South won the battle. Picture Credit: www.trubador.com/bridge.htm

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Lincoln proclaims Lincoln proclaims that slaves are that slaves are free in the South.free in the South.

It did not free It did not free slaves in border slaves in border states becausestates because

Lincoln said he Lincoln said he

Did not have the Did not have the authority, but authority, but really he was really he was trying to get the trying to get the border states to border states to

Join him in the fightJoin him in the fight

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TheTheEmancipatiEmancipati

ononProclamatioProclamatio

nn

TheTheEmancipatiEmancipati

ononProclamatioProclamatio

nn

Emancipation in 1863Emancipation in 1863Emancipation in 1863Emancipation in 1863

Robert E. Lee realizes his side (South) was in real trouble of losing the war and Robert E. Lee realizes his side (South) was in real trouble of losing the war and he decided that it was important to attack the North on its own territoryhe decided that it was important to attack the North on its own territory

July 1-3, 1863 - July 1-3, 1863 - BATTLE OF GETTYSBURGBATTLE OF GETTYSBURG, PA, PA Confed. bombardment; Union held firmConfed. bombardment; Union held firm on July 3, General Pickett led 15,000 Confed. Troops across open fields - Union on July 3, General Pickett led 15,000 Confed. Troops across open fields - Union

mowed them down (= "mowed them down (= "PickettPickett’’s Charges Charge")") Lee was defeated and retreated to VirgniaLee was defeated and retreated to Virgnia Gettysburg is the largest battle in the history of the USAGettysburg is the largest battle in the history of the USA Over 100, 000 people died in 3 days Over 100, 000 people died in 3 days It was the last time the South invaded It was the last time the South invaded

the North.the North.

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…”…”that from these honored that from these honored dead we take increased dead we take increased devotion to that cause for devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full which they gave the last full measure of devotion -- that we measure of devotion -- that we here highly resolve that these here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in dead shall not have died in vain -- that this nation, under vain -- that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of God, shall have a new birth of freedom -- and that freedom -- and that government of the people, by government of the people, by the people, for the people, the people, for the people, shall not perish from the shall not perish from the earth”.earth”.

Abe LincolnAbe Lincoln

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During the Gettysburg During the Gettysburg Address, Lincoln spoke of Address, Lincoln spoke of ““the great task remaining the great task remaining

before us.before us.””

During the Gettysburg address LincolnWas honoring those that died and Inspiring those still fighting

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The Battle atThe Battle at VicksburgVicksburg Was a victory forWas a victory for The North and The North and

cutcut The Mississippi The Mississippi River in half so River in half so

the South the South couldn’t couldn’t communicatecommunicate

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July 4, 1863 - another Union victory - July 4, 1863 - another Union victory - VICKSBURGVICKSBURG

won by U.S. Grant, cut South in 1/2 and gave the won by U.S. Grant, cut South in 1/2 and gave the Union control of Mississippi RiverUnion control of Mississippi River

Grant was then given control of all Union armies Grant was then given control of all Union armies began a " began a "scorched earthscorched earth" policy to defeat the " policy to defeat the SouthSouth

General Sheridan decimated Va.'s General Sheridan decimated Va.'s ShenandoahShenandoah ValleyValley

General General ShermanSherman given task of taking Atlanta; his given task of taking Atlanta; his ""March through GeorgiaMarch through Georgia"" saw total destruction saw total destruction from Atlanta to Savannah from Atlanta to Savannah

After the After the Emancipation Emancipation Proclamation blacks Proclamation blacks began to join the began to join the Union ArmyUnion Army

Initially they were Initially they were only used for manual only used for manual laborlabor

Eventually, Blacks Eventually, Blacks saw live combatsaw live combat

5454thth regiment out of regiment out of MassachusettsMassachusetts

William Carney

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The Famous 54The Famous 54thth MassachusettsMassachusetts

The Famous 54The Famous 54thth MassachusettsMassachusetts

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Black Troops Freeing SlavesBlack Troops Freeing SlavesBlack Troops Freeing SlavesBlack Troops Freeing Slaves

African-AmericansAfrican-Americansin Civil War Battlesin Civil War BattlesAfrican-AmericansAfrican-Americansin Civil War Battlesin Civil War Battles

Surrender at Surrender at AppomattoxAppomattox

April 9, 1865April 9, 1865

Surrender at Surrender at AppomattoxAppomattox

April 9, 1865April 9, 1865

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April 3, 1865 - Grant took Richmond Va. - April 3, 1865 - Grant took Richmond Va. - final blow to Lee's armyfinal blow to Lee's army

Lee surrenders on April 9, 1865 at Lee surrenders on April 9, 1865 at APPOMATTOX COURTHOUSEAPPOMATTOX COURTHOUSE

All Confed. troops forced to take an oath of All Confed. troops forced to take an oath of loyalty to U.S.loyalty to U.S.

otherwise, terms of surrender were lenient otherwise, terms of surrender were lenient Lincoln didn't want a humiliated South and Lincoln didn't want a humiliated South and

further conflictfurther conflict issue of states' rights now "solved"- fed. issue of states' rights now "solved"- fed.

gov't had asserted its statusgov't had asserted its status

Belle BoydBelle Boyd She was a She was a

Southern spy that Southern spy that told Jackson that told Jackson that the Yankees were the Yankees were at Front Royal.at Front Royal.

Women mostly kept Women mostly kept the homefront jobs the homefront jobs going while men going while men were awaywere away

Picture Credit: www.civilwarhome.com/ boydbio.htm

After four bloody years of civil war, the South was defeated.

Over 618,000 military deaths during Civil War.

Gettysburg Gettysburg CasualtiesCasualtiesGettysburg Gettysburg CasualtiesCasualties

Civil War CasualtiesCivil War Casualtiesin Comparison to Other in Comparison to Other

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Civil War CasualtiesCivil War Casualtiesin Comparison to Other in Comparison to Other

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