American civil war. Lincoln.

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A Divided Nation...

INDEX  Abraham Lincoln  The American Civil War  Causes of the War  Effects and Consequences  Important People

ABRAHAM LINCOLN Abraham Lincoln was born on February 12, 1809, in

Hodgenville. He was the 16th president of the United States from 1861 to 1865, during the Civil War.

He was from the Republican Party and wanted to abolish slavery (abolitionist), and that's why the War began with Southern States, who were pro-slavery.

He was a good leader both as a president and managing the war. He replaced his generals multiple times to find good ones to lead the army in the war.

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ABRAHAM LINCOLN - MURDERED He was shot on his head five days after he won the Civil War, on April 14,

1865, by John Wilkes Booth (Confederate and pro-slavery), while watching a play at the Ford Theatre, and died the next day. He was the first US president to be murdered, and that led to a period of depression by his supporters. Booth was killed 12 days after the manhunt began.

John Wilkes Booth

THE AMERICAN CIVIL WAR The American Civil War, War of Secession or War Between States, was fought since

1861 until 1865 in the United States between the Northern States, who were against slavery, and the 11 Southern states, who were pro-slavery.

In the North the President was Abraham Lincoln and in the South, Jefferson Davis.

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CAUSES OF THE WAR1. The Fight between Abolitionists (North) and Slave States (South).As the North became more industrialized because of poor lands and the South was the other way around, the slaves were many more in the South, where they lived of agriculture (mainly cotton plantation) and therefore depended on slaves.

The Northern States wanted to abolish slavery and give black men human rights. In the other hand the Southern States were pro-slavery because, as said before, they needed slaves to work on their plantations.

CAUSES OF THE WAR2. Economic and Social differences between the North and the South.

In the South the land was much more fertile than in the North and they lived mainly of agriculture: plantation of cotton and tobacco, and they used lots of African slaves to work on lands.In the other side, in the North, as the lands were poor, they became more industrialized and this difference became also economic because there was more commercialization and trade. The North was developing focusing on city life, while the South continued to hold onto an antiquate society and based on the plantation system.

NORTHEconomy based on

industry and free labour.

Large cities suffering rapid urbanization.

Massive immigration improved the economy.

CAUSES OF THE WAR3. The Election of Abraham Lincoln.After Lincoln won the elections of 1860, the Southern States issued their "Declaration of the Causes of Secession", giving the reason why they were separating from the Union. They believed that Lincoln was anti-slavery and in favor of Northern interests. They felt that they were losing representation so they seceded from the Union, forming the Confederate States. Their president was Jefferson Davis.

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EFFECTS AND CONSEQUENCES OF THE WAREmancipation Proclamation - On January 1st, 1863, president Lincoln declared all slaves liberated and free.

Deaths - The Civil War was by far the deadliest war in American history. Well over 600,000 people died.

Reconstruction - The period of time after the Civil War is known as Reconstruction. During this difficult era, the Southern states were gradually admitted back into the Union and the areas destroyed during the war were rebuilt.

Lincoln's Death - Five days after he won the war he was murdered in a theatre with a shot on his head by John Wilkes Booth.

IMPORTANT PEOPLE • Along the war Abraham Lincoln replaced his generals several times to

keep the best ones he could find to be successful in war.

Ulysses S. GrantU. S. Grant was the most successful general during theCivil War. He participated in the Battles of Belmont, FortHenry and Fort Donelson. He held this position of generalfrom 1862 to 1869. He was later president of U.S.

IMPORTANT PEOPLE Harriet TubmanHarriet Tubman was a runaway slave from Maryland who became known as the "Moses of her people". Over the course of 10 years, and at great personal risk, she led hundreds of slaves to freedom along the Underground Railroad: a secret network of safe houses where runaway slaves could stay on their journey north to freedom.

IMPORTANT PEOPLE Frederick DouglassOn March 2nd, 1863, abolitionist and former slave

Frederick Douglass sent out a powerful message in his newspaper "Douglass Monthly“ titled "Men of Color, to Arms!“. It urged black men to support the nation's war and the crusade to end generations of slavery. Approximately 180.000 African American soldiers took up the call to fight for the Union, comprising more than 10% of all Federal forces. Knowing that a Northern loss could mean possible reenslavement, freemen and former slaves showed dedication to their country and a commitment to the freedom of their people forever.