The 6 Days War 1967

Conflict Analysis

Mathilde BERTRAND, Margareta HEIDT, Kerstin KNOBLOCH

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BLcbG1t_lh0

0:01 – 1:01

29.11.2013Mathilde BERTRAND, Margareta HEIDT, Kerstin KNOBLOCH 2

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BLcbG1t_lh0

Background

Stakeholders

Conflict

Aftermath


Background

Stakeholders

Conflict

Aftermath



1949 : first Israel-Arab war, Israel

started to occupy the south of Arab

part

1947 : After the second

world war and the jews

genocide, palestinian

territory was divided into

Israel and Arab state by UN

decision

1957 : Suez Canal crisis, when

Egyptian decided to nationalize the

canal in 1956


Direct Causes

Military presence of Arab countries in Israel borders

Incident West Bank, 3 Israeli soldier killed by Al Fatah mine

17th May of 1967 : Withdrawal of UN “casques bleus” to Sinai, ordered by Nasser

Indirect Causes

Non recognition of Israel state from Arab countries (Egypt, Syria, Jordan)

Arab alliance against “Imperialism”

Moshe Dayan appointed defense minister and chief of army in 1967


Does Israel show all the characteristics of a state?

Characteristics Status

Defined territory unclear

Population unclear

Judicial system yes

Own currency, flag yes

International recognition unclear

Background

Stakeholders

Conflict

Aftermath





Gamal Abdel Nasser (* 1918 † 1970)

Provoquer of the Six Day War

• 1958-1970 President of the

United Arab Republic and

President of Egyptian Republic


Abd al-Hakim Amer

(* 1919 † 1967)

• 1968 -1965 Vice President of

Egypt

• 1956–1967 Egyptian army´s

Field Marshall and Minister of

Defense


King Hussein of Jordan

(*1935 †1999)

• 1952-1999 King of Jordan

• Reluctant ally of Egypt



Levi Eshkol (* 1895 † 1969)

• 1963-1969 Prime

Minister of Israel

• 1963-1967 Minister

of Defense

Ara

bc

ou

ntr

ies

Isra

el


Ara

bc

ou

ntr

ies

Moshe Dayan (* 1915 † 1981)

• 1967 -1974

Minister of

Defense

• Lieutenant

General

Isra

el


Ara

bc

ou

ntr

ies

Isra

el

Abba Eban(*1915 † 2002)

• 1963–1966

Deputy Prime

Minister

• 1966–1974

Minister of

Foreign Affairs


Ara

bc

ou

ntr

ies

Isra

el

• 1964 – 67 Chief of

Staff of the Israel

Defense Forces

(IDF)

• 1968 – 1973

Ambassador to the

U.S

Yitzhak Rabin(*1922 † 1955)


Ara

bc

ou

ntr

ies

Isra

el

U.S. President Johnson: „ Israel will not be alone, unless it decides to go alone.“


Exaggeration of threats

Poor judgment of intentions, situations

Consideration of all relative information

Identity- virile or victim

Beliefs, moral authority, credibility, reputation

Deployment of arms and occupation of a

territory

Bipolar perspective – US vs. Them

Ideology/nationalism

Overestimation of military capacity

Military optimism

Exaggeration of threats

Bipolar perspective – US vs. Them

Ideology/nationalism

Beliefs, moral authority, credibility,

reputation

Factors causing misperceptions

ISRAEL ARAB COUNTRIES

Background

Stakeholders

Conflict

Aftermath


29.11.2tepped 013Mathilde BERTRAND, Margareta HEIDT, Kerstin KNOBLOCH 22

3 Israeli soldiers

stepped on a mine

patrolling along the

border between

Israel and West

Bank (then under

Jordanian control)

Mine planted by

the al-Fatah

organization of

Yasser Arafat

11th Nov

1966

13rd Nov

1966

12th May

1967

25th /26th /27th

May 196730th June

1967

1st June

1967

Israeli retaliation

raid crossed into

West Bank to strike

into an al-Fatah

stronghold

Eviction of UN

forces and closing

of Israel’s Southern

port Eilat by Nasser

Israel’s foreign

minister in

Washington

questioning the US

position in case of

an war outbreak

and the Egyptian

“operation Dawn”

plans for the 27th

Jordanian Army

under command of

Egyptian General

Riad

Jordan signs a

mutual defense

treaty with Egypt

Israel calls upon

Jordan numerous

times to refrain

from hostilities.

BUT: Jordanian

soldiers that wasn’t

supposed to be

there crossed

Israeli paths and

shots were

exchanged

14 killed Jordanians

and riots in Jordan

Wrong pretext

supplied by

Soviets: Report of

an Israeli plan to

invade Syria and to

capture DamascusHotline message

between Johnson

and Soviet Premier

Kosygin

Operation

canceled

5th June


King Hussein

received false

information from

Egypt denying

Egyptian losses

and claiming a

massive and

successful Egyptian

attack against

Israel.

Operation Focus

(Mivtza Moked)

was launched at

7:45 am Israeli

time.

Israel Air Force

(IAF) jets attack

and destroy the air

forces of Egypt,

Syria and Jordan.

Israel sends a

message to Jordan’s

leader King Hussein

via the US State

Department, the UN

and the British

Foreign Office, saying

that, despite the

outbreak of war, it

would not attack the

West Bank if Jordan

maintained quiet on

that front.

Emboldened by

this information,

Jordan launched

immediate multiple

attacks on Israel


http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R9CJowfomT0

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R9CJowfomT0

Israeli paratroopers

in the Old City

Israeli forces

entering West Bank

Misleading

information of

General Riad

about destroyed

Isreali airforce.

No reaction of

Isreal on

Jordanians

opening fire in

Jerusalem.

5th June


IAF was used

against Egyptian,

Jordanian, Syrian,

and Iraqi ground

forces.

IAF destroyed

hundreds of

Egyptian vehicles

trying to flee and

trapped thousands

more in narrow

Sinai passes..

Operation Focus

(Mivtza Moked)

was launched at

7:45 am Israeli

time.

Israel had complete

air superiority over

Israel, the Golan

Heights, the West

Bank, and the entire

Sinai desert.

Fighting is over.

6th June 7th June 8th June 9th June 10th June

Israel completed

the capture of the

Sinai by sending

infantry units to

Ras Sudar on the

western coast of

the peninsula

Syria announceds

its acceptance of

the cease-fire

Despite this, four

hours later at 7

am, Israeli

Defense Minister

Moshe Dayan

"gives the order

to go into action

against Syria”

Battle of the Golan

HeightsIn some locations,

Israeli troops

advanced after an

agreed-upon

cease-fire to

occupy

strategically strong

positions

By the end of the

third day Jordanian

military no longer

in the fight.


776–983 killed

4,517 wounded

15 captured

-------

400 tanks

destroyed

46 aircraft

destroyed

10,000 – 15,000 killed or missing

4,338 captured

6,000 killed or missing

533 captured

2,500 killed

591 captured

10 killed

30 wounded

hundreds

of tanks

destroyed

452+

aircraft

destroyed

IsraelArab

Countries


Realism

The state is the dominant actor

Power maximization (homo politicus, material gains)

Recognize non-state actors but view them as unable to compete with the state

International institutions and law = state creation and work for state interests

Constructivism

The state is the central actor but not always rational (also based on emotions)

Homo symbolicus = interests are determined by identity, ideology, cultural links or recognition

For constructivists, material goods (disarmament) can be symbolic


Levels of the Conflict

International: cold war between the United States and the Soviet Union

Regional: between progressive and conservative Arab regimes

Bilateral: intractable Arab-Israeli conflict (perennial source of instability throughout theregion).

Power in International Relations

Eshkol promoting soft power

Military (Amer, Dayan, Rabin, etc.) promoting hard power

Religious: entering the Old City of Jerusalem complicating relationship with Catholiccountries as well as deteriote the relationship with Muslim countries


Background and Pretext

Stakeholders

Conflict

Aftermath



http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0UKuxPyrpx0

40:37 -end

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0UKuxPyrpx0

UN 242 Resolution

Required the withdrawal ofisraeli forces in occupiedterritories

"Termination of all claims or states of belligerency and respect for and acknowledgment of the sovereignty, territorial integrity and political independence of every State in the area and their right to live in peace within secure and recognized boundaries free from threats or acts of force."


Khartoum Resolution, “The Three No resolution"

No peace with Israel

No recognition of Israel

No negociation with Israel

Faisal of Saudi Arabia, Nasser of Egypt, Sallal of Yemen,

Sabah of Kuwait and Arif of Iraq, the 29th August 1967


29.11.2013Mathilde BERTRAND, Margareta HEIDT, Kerstin KNOBLOCH

34

The 6 Days War 1967

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