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THANK YOU TO OUR 2016 ACTIVE TRANSPORTATION SUMMIT SPONSORS:
AMATSALASKA COMMUNITY FOUNDATION
LUNCH SPONSOR: BETTISWORTH NORTH
CONTRIBUTING SPONSORS:
Anchorage Citizens CoalitionAnchorage Economic Development Corporation
Bike AnchorageBrooks and Associates
Corvus DesignCRW Engineering
Kinney EngineeringR&M Consultants
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Building a Healthy
Community by Design
Mark Fenton
Tufts University
Anchorage, AK
Oct 2016
What is wrong with
these people?
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Prosperity
PeoplePlanet
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The flow:
• Some perspective
• The stickiness problem
• Healthy design
• Market perspective
• If I were in charge . . .
–Engagement
– In-fill
–Pilots & trials
–Lighter quicker cheaper
–POLICIES!
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Youthful
recollections
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0
10
20
30
40
50
1969 2001
% o
f stu
den
ts a
ge
5-1
8
Car
Bus
W/B
Changes in Walking & Cycling to School,
1969 to 2001Ham et.al., Jour. of Physical Activity & Health, 2008, 5, 205-215
W/B = Walk/Bike
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CDC, National Center for Health Statistics. National Health Examination Surveys
www.rwjf.org/files/publications/annual/2008/year-in-review/
Trends in
Childhood
Obesity &
Overweight
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The real
risk . . .
30-Nov-2009
Lenore Skenazy
freerangekids.com
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On 48th, near Northwood Elementary,
4:30 pm Tuesday
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The bad news in just three numbers:
30 minutes of daily physical activity
recommended (60 min. for youth).
% of Americans actually meet these
recommendations (thru LTPA).
,000 estimated annual deaths in
America due to physical inactivity &
poor nutrition. (2nd only to tobacco.)
20
365
<
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60
120
180
240
0 6 12 18
months
Exerc
ise (
min
/week)
LB
SB
SBT
Exercise ParticipationEffect of Short Bouts, Home TreadmillsJakicic et.al., J. Amer. Med. Assoc., 282, 16
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Site Design
Safety &
Access
NetworkLand Use
How? Four elements:
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Compact neighborhoods
1. Land use. Live, work, shop, play, learn, pray.
& shared open space.
E.g. schools, post
office, library, stores
Housing
above,
retail
below.
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2. Network, connections:
• Sidewalks, bike lanes, complete streets.
• Greenways, trails.
• Affordable, frequent, accessible transit.
Chester
Creek Tr.
People
Mover
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Likelihood of Bicycling
No way, no how
Interested, but concerned
Strong & confident
Potential Cyclists (conceptual)
Portion of potential
users~33%
~60%
~7%
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Bicycle
network
tools:
Protected bike lane
Sharrow
Bike lane
American River Tr.
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March 2010 AO2010-08
An element of the MOA Nonmotorized Transportation Plan
Anchorage Bicycle Plan Bicycles as a Mode of Transportation
Anchorage Metropolitan Area Transportation Solutions Traffic Department - Municipality of Anchorage
Begich
MiddleSchoolRussian Jack
ElementarySchool
WhaleySchoolWest
High
School
SAVEHigh
School
EastHigh School
DimondHigh
School
King Career Center
MearsMiddle School
RomigMiddle School
PolarisK-12
School
ClarkMiddle
School
Northern LightsABC
BartlettHigh School
CentralMiddle School
WendlerMiddle School
HanshewMiddle School
TakuElementary
School
FamilyPartnership
Orion Elementary School
ChugachOptional School
TudorElementary
School
AquarianCharter
School
KlattElementary
School
GoldenviewMiddle School
AuroraElementary School
BowmanElementary
School
KasuunElementary
School
DenaliElementary School
BaxterElementary
School
StellerSecondary School
KincaidElementary School
ChinookElementary
School
MuldoonElementary
School
SusitnaElementary
School
Alaska Pacific University
HuffmanElementary
School
FairviewElementary
School
CampbellElementary School
WilliwawElementary
School
BayshoreElementary School
O’MalleyElementary School
Mt. Spurr Elementary School
Sand LakeElementary
School
Lake OtisElementary
TrailsideElementary
School
McLaughlinSecondary School
Lake HoodElementary
School
TurnagainElementary
School
PtarmiganElementary
School
South AnchorageHigh School
NorthwoodElementary
School
Mt IliamnaElementary School
Inlet ViewElementary
School
Ocean ViewElementary
School
North StarElementary
School
Gladys WoodElementary
School
Scenic ParkElementary
School
Abbott LoopElementary
School
Rogers ParkElementary School
Spring HillElementary School
Wonder ParkElementary
School
Benny BensonSecondary School
Bear ValleyElementary School
Rabbit CreekElementary School
College GateElementary School
Willow CrestElementary
School
University ofAlaska Anchorage
William TysonElementary
School
Mountain ViewElementary School
Nunaka ValleyElementary
School
Chester ValleyElementary
School
Creekside ParkElementary School
Government HillElementary School
Airport HeightElementary School
ServiceHigh School
S
ew
ard
Hig
hw
ay
O’Malley Road
Min
ne
so
ta D
rive
Tudor Road
Abbott Road
Glenn Highway
E
lmo
re R
oad
Bo
nifa
ce
Pkw
y
Dimond Blvd
Rabbit Creek Road
Raspberry Road
P
ostm
ark
Driv
e
H
illsid
e D
rive
S
and
La
ke
Ro
ad
Dimond Blvd
Old
Sew
ard
Hig
hw
ay
M
uld
oo
n R
oa
d
Northern Lights Blvd
C S
tre
et
La
ke
Otis P
ark
wa
y
Debarr Rd
Arc
tic
Blv
d
Klatt Road
Huffman Road
De Armoun Road
Spenard R
oad
Bir
ch
Ro
ad
Lore Road
Je
we
l L
ake
Ro
ad
Baxte
r R
oa
d
Old
Se
wa
rd H
wy
Bra
ga
w S
tre
et
Go
lde
n V
iew
Dri
ve
Mountain ViewDrive
Dowling Road
Kincaid Road
Jo
hn
s R
oa
d
Clark’s Road
Potter Heights Drive
Kincaid Park
Far North /Bicentennial Park
Tu r n a g a i n A r m
Knik
A
r m
Elmendorf Air Force Base
0 2.5 51.25Miles
Proposed Bicycle Network
March 2010 - AO2010-08
Anchorage Bowl
Figure 13.
On Street Facilities
Proposed Bicycle Lane
Trails in Far North Bicentennial Parkwill be unpaved per the
Master Trails Plan.
Facility eligible to be signed and striped
Shared Use Roadway
Bicycle Lane
Paved Shoulder Bikeway
Note: The bicycle lane is the preferred facility. Use of bicycle lanes is contingent on identifying a plan for funding and maintenance.
Proposed Paved Shoulder Bikeway
Proposed Bicycle Boulevard
Off Street Facilities
Existing Separated Multi-Use Pathway
Proposed Separated Multi-Use Pathway
B
G
E
D
B
A
F
C
Conceptual Highway to Highway Corridor(to be Proposed Separated Multi-Use Pathway)
Alaska Railroad
Special Study Areas
Government Hill
Lake Otis Parkway
Midtown
Muldoon Road
Dowling Roundabouts
Ingra/Gambell
Dimond & Victor
BA
E
CD
FG
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3. Site
design:
Market Po
Which setting is
more appealing &
functional for
travel on foot and
by bike?
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Site
design
• Buildings at the sidewalk; parking on street or behind.
• Trees, benches, lighting, awnings, bike parking. >
• “Human” scale, open space, plants, art, materials.
Portland, OR
Anchorage
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Possible incentives:
• Decrease, share parking (include bike requirement).
• Build-to, not set-back lines.
• Mixed-use, 2nd-story residential.
• Expedite permits.
Appleton WI
Neenah WI
Elected & appointed officials must be supported if they are to act courageously!
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4. Safety & access. • Engineering can markedly
improve safety.
• Increasing pedestrian and bike
trips decreases overall
accident & fatality rates.
Curb extensions
Median
islands
Roundabouts
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E.g. Lane re-alignments
• 5 or 4 reduced to 3
• Reduces collisions &
severity; better for all
four modes.
Urbana, IL; before & after.
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Arctic Blvd.Fireweed Lane
Spenard Road Protected bike lane
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walkscore = 77
*www.ceosforcities.org/work/walkingthewalk
www.walkscore.com
Economics? Walking the Walk: How Walkability
Raises Housing Values in U.S. Cities
walkscore = 33 Malibuwalkscore = 88
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www.markfenton.comrealtor.org Nat’l Assoc. of Homebuilders
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www.markfenton.comBikeWalkAlliance.orgnyc.gov/html/dot/downloads
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Private sector: Developers, lenders, realtors, builders.
Erie Canal Towpath Trail
Blackstone Bike Path
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Houghton MI
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Minneapolis
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The economic pull of “healthy” designs:
1. Market
demand
2. Market
performance
3. Developer interest4. Quantifiable
health benefits!
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These are on your web sites . . .
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Not these. . .
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• Listening,
focus groups
• Surveys
• Photo-voice
• Audits
• Charrettes
1. More active community engagement:
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2. Support
mixed-use
redevelopment!
Less of this . . .
More of this!
Naperville IL
Terre Haute IN
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www.markfenton.comNorthern Lights
• In town housing
• In-fill surface
parking
• More ped, bike &
transit access
• A few great blocks
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Barcelona
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Between I & L; 6th & 9th
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K & 7th
K & 8th
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Livingston MT (farmer’s market)
Valet bike parking
3. Trials, pilots & specials events (mini-circle, curb ext.).
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“Food Park” McAllen TXFestival area - Salt Lake City UT
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AKRON BETTER BLOCK | 71AKRON BETTER BLOCK | 70
-Identify space for plaza & obtain permission
from property owner
-Measure dimensions of space. Note solar
orientation, shade, topography, water & electrical
-Design space - include opportunity for seat ing,
art and vendors
(120) Straw Bales (36”x18“x14”h)
(10) 10x20’ Vinyl Billboards
(2) 180’x48” Burlap
(1) Box Landscape fabric staples
(6 Yards) Mulch
Approximate Price: $1200 not including labor, mulch and vinyl donated, plants loaned. Straw bales can be rented from some feedstores.
Some vendors will also include drop of f and pickup. Vinyl can be obtained from sign shops l ike Clear Channel Communications for l it t le
or no fee. Mulch can usually be donated from local tree companies. Plants can be loaned from local nurseries. Straw bales usually cost
around $4 to $8 a bale, not including delivery.
mar k l ayo ut 2 people Use string line and spray chalk to mark planned layout
pl ace bal es 4-12 people Place bales along markings
f i l l 4-12 people Move mulch into garden areas
w r ap bal es 4-8 people
Cut vinyl into 5’ x 20’ strips. Tuck vinyl around bales to keep
them dry. Place burlap over vinyl . Secure burlap in place
with landscape staples.
pl an t s 4-12 people Place plants in mulch.
BetterBlock.org
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Whitefish MT
E.g. temporary protected bike lane. (Walk to school week.)
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4. Try some low cost,
reversible installations.
E.g. Improve streetscapes
Parklet
(Montpelier)
Street furnishings
(Tinley Park)
WalkYourCity.org
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Paint & flexible bollards
LQC - Lighter, quicker,
cheaper approaches
Curb stops & planters
Planter, paint
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2008 Billings MT2016
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5a. Policy priorities = Complete Streets.
www.completestreets.orgBarnstable
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National Association of City
Transportation Officials nacto.org
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KEY OUTCOMES
RIGHT OF WAY
STREET CLASSIFICATION
LENGTH
AVERAGE DAILY TRAFFIC
PROCESS
SPEED
BEFORE AFTER
SPEED
LIMIT
SPEED
LIMIT
AFTER
BEFORE
132’
53,000
5.5 miles
New Development
Af er E. Washington Avenue received its facelif , new
development began to emerge in an area with little
momentum before. A $39 million mixed-use building
with 32,500 square feet of commercial space and 220
apartments opened in August of 2013.
More Amenities for Pedestrians
Enhanced crosswalks, wider resting places in the
median, countdown timers and bump outs at
intersections all serve to improve the experience of
walking along E. Washington Avenue.
New Connections for Bicycles
The City of Madison t ook the opportunity to improve
its bicycle network on the street and throughout
the corridor. Bike paths run along the Yahara River
and under E. Washington Avenue’s new bridge.
Additionally, there is a new bike and pedestrian
overpass crossing the avenue at Starkweather Creek.
5 years planning
6 years construction
Major Arterial
3535
Arterial Rehab
AFTERBEFORE
53,000
8’15’varies
13’ 11’ 11’ 11’11’10’ 10’5’ 5’5’varies
13’
9.7’20’10’ 10’ 11’ 11’10’ 10’ 10’ 10’5.3’ 5.3’5.7’
www.rethinkingstreets.com
E.g. Madison WI
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Rapid City SD
Traverse City
Minneapolis
Bemidji MN
Houghton MI
Snow clearing, maintenance
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Require multi-modal transportation analysis
(not just traffic impact) for all development.
Typical: Turn lanes, signal light, lots of parking.
5b. Support MMTA vs TIA
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• Ped: Sidewalk links,
building up front.
• Bike: Lanes, parking;
employee bike share.
• Transit: Shelter, walkway,
street crossing.
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New paradigm . . .
Level of Service ^
Average Daily Traffic
LOS
ADT
Performance measures:
• Vehicle miles traveled.
• Mode split: % pedestrian,
bike, & transit trips.
• Fewer collisions (Vision
Zero)
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E.g. Nashville
Identifying areas of high need• High obesity, diabetes
• Low income, education
• Low car ownership
TIP scoring• 60% to ped,
bike, transit
• Next 80%!
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5c. Update
zoning, parking
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Affordable component
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The two questions
that are NOT the
real problem:
• Technical. How do we do it? What are best practices?
• Financial. How do we pay for it? Where’s the money? Paint &
bike rack
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American River Trail
Sacramento CA
“But I’d never ride or
walk there . . .”
Scituate MA
Coastal Trail
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“You don’t have to . . . ”
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Olshansky et.al., “A
Potential Decline in
Life Expectancy . . .”
New Eng. J. of Med.,
March 17, 2005