Tgd 141 Slide Pengkajian Sistem Imun

8/12/2019 Tgd 141 Slide Pengkajian Sistem Imun

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Pengkajian


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Immunologi

Studi tentang respon fisiologis tubuhdimana tubuh akan merusak atau

,hidup maupun benda mati, termasuksel tubuh sendiri yang telah mengalami

perubahan.


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Lini Pertama Pertahanan Tubuh The Integumentary System

Skin Mucous membranes

provides a physical barrier preventing

microbial access


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The Invader : Mikroba


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Sistem Pertahanan Tubuh Lain Physiological variables

pH of our environment temperature of our environment

chemical defenses nitric oxide, enzymes, proteins, complement

AND the IMMUNE SYSTEMIMMUNE SYSTEMIMMUNE SYSTEMIMMUNE SYSTEM


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Hematopoietic Stem Cells


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Immune System The Innate Immune system = nonspesifik

a general response to anything other thanrecognized self cells

The Adaptive Immune System = spesifik a specific counter-assault against a known

foreign invader (previously recognized)


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Organs of immune system: Primer Thymus: behind sternum (breast bone)

Immature T cells mature here. 90% diebecause they recognize self proteins

immune system cells


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Organs of immune system: Sekunder

kelenjar limfe limpa tonsil dan

kumpulan limfosit yang terdapat padapermukaan saluran pencernaan, saluranpernafasan, saluran genital, dan saluranurinal.


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What Happens during an infection?

Innate Immunity = nonspesifik injury & infection macrophages slip between cells ( extravasation) to

arrive

Macrophages cytokine chemicals attract othertroops (chemotaxis)


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What are macrophages ? Phagocytic cells -

able to ingest smallforeign invaders neutrophils

monocyte

they release

cytokines thatenhance theimmune response

http://www.biology.arizona.edu/immunology/tutorials/immunology/graphics/mphage2.gi


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Adaptive Immunity: spesifik

There are 2 types of lymphocytes:

B lymphocytes (B cells )


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& migrate to the thymus gland andmature..

T Lymphocytes are

sorted into 3 : Helper T cells Cytotoxic T cells

Supressor T cells

Natural Killer cells(The Third population)


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The second type is: B lymphocytes

B lymphocytes (B cells) - start in the bonemarrow and circulate through the body


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Major histocompatibility complex(MHC) proteins

How does immune system know what toattack?

Proteins on cell surface define self

: n sur ace o most ce s se MHC II: On B cells, T cells, macrophages:

police badge of immune sys.


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Macrophage (gray) approaching a chain of Streptococcus

(yellow). On top of the macrophage is a sphericallymphocyte.


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Natural Killer cell: kills cells that donot have Class I MHC on them


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B cells B is for bone, where they mature. Activated B cells produce antibodies to

invaders epitopes.

ome rema n as memory ce s, rea y ornext encounter w/ a similar invader.


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Antibodies Y-shaped structure Ig G, Ig M, Ig E, Ig A, Ig D


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T cells Mature in thymus (hence their name) Cytotoxic T cells kill infected self cells Helper T cells activate B & CD8+ cells

Suppressor T cells: suppress immuneresponse after infection is over

Recognize antigen only if it is presented incombination with MHC protein on anothercell


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15.20 Main Components of the Human Immune System (Part 3)


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Immune system cells Helper T cells

Recognize MHC II molecules + antigen MHC II molecules actually hold the antigen

. Also produce interleukins

attracts macrophages proliferation of T cells


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Immune system cells Cytotoxic T cells

Recognize MHC I self molecules + portionsof antigen on cell surface.

pores in membrane

Dont attack bacteria: No MHC I molecule Dont attack normal self cells: no foreign

antigen Function: Kill cells taken over by virus


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Penularan Infeksi HIV


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Diagnosis


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Tgd 141 Slide Pengkajian Sistem Imun

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