Tetra Introduction

Apr-10 Copyright SELEX Communications. All rights reserved.

Standard by ETSI forDigital Mobile Radio Systems


Table of contents

What is TETRA?

Functionality and characteristics

TETRA technology basics

Technology comparison

Some scenarios and applications

User specific considerations

The future of TETRA


What is TETRA ?


TETRA in short

> TETRA means TErrestrial Trunked RAdio

> It is a standard specified by the ETSI during the 90s in response to the need of a common digital trunked standard for professional mobile radio (PMR)

> TETRA has been specified by ETSI together with users and it is defined to meet the needs of the most demanding users

> TETRA is an open standard


The leading technology

> TETRA is a consolidated standard and has been fully accepted by the Administrations of all European countries and in many other countries in the rest of the world.

> ETSI is currently working on TETRA release 2, that will further enhance the services of TETRA and will maintain the standard future-proof.


What

ETSI - (1/2)(European Telecommunications Standards Institute)

> Produce the telecommunication standards of the future

> Promote the world-wide standardization process whenever possible

> Non-profit making organization > It unites approximately 800

members from 56 countriesinside and outside Europe

> It represents: Administrations, Network operators Users Manufacturers Service providers Research bodies

Who


How Results

ETSI - (2/2)(European Telecommunications Standards Institute)

> Deep analysis of customer requirements

> Exploitation of its long experience and of the rich set of skills of the members

> Coordination with most important international standardization bodies(mainly the ITU-T and the ITU-R)

Some references:

GSM, DECT, TETRA, UMTS,...


All TETRA stakeholders: usersmanufacturers (the entire European PMR

industry, exclusive of EADS)operators test houses telecom agencies

TETRA MoU - (1/2)

The TETRA Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) was established in December 1994. Today it represents 100 organisations from 30 100 organisations from 30 countries.countries.

Who


Act on behalf of all interested parties in order to support TETRA adoption and evolution

Promote TETRA events and exhibitionscollect users feedbacksupport interoperability testing (IOP)

TETRA is the world-wide consolidated standard for PMR A large number of the deployed systems are multi-vendor solutions. TETRA actually is a real open standard.

TETRA MoU - (2/2)

What

Results

How


Interoperability certification

> The Interoperability Certificate (IOP) assures that various manufacturers terminals can indistinctly operate on any TETRA network.

> Tests are supervised from an independent accredited test house: initially was Teledanmark (Danish operator) now ISCTI (Italian Telecommunications Public Institute)

> All functionality tested and approved are summarized in public tables

http://www.tetramou.com/facts/index.asp?pagereq=interoperability/interoperability.asp&setsub=2


SCHENGEN position

>> SCHENGEN Police Telecom GroupSCHENGEN Police Telecom Group (now replaced by Police Co-operation Working Group - PCWG) adopted TETRA for pan-European police communications.

>> ETSIETSI confirmed that TETRA standard is compliant and supports the SCHENGEN operational and security requirements.

>> CEPT/ERCCEPT/ERC designated a 5 MHz spectrum in the frequency band 380400 MHz, for Police Forces usage of TETRA across Europe.


TETRA references (December 2005 - source TETRA MoU)

> Total 788 contracts in 77 countries

Functionalities andCharacteristics

What are the PMR user needs?

Trust on fast and reliable communications especially under critical conditions or under emergency

Trust on security of communicationsagainst hostile interception and interruption

ow commun

ications betw

een groups

users workin

g together b

ut moving

ndependent

ly; also for la

rge groups

and in a wid

e area

Ideally co

mmunicat

e

everytime/

everywher

eEasy and fast availability of all nformation (data) needed to carry out e job

Full support to efficient and integrated control rooms

Advanced

services

at the lowe

st costs

Easy interconnection bet

ween different

organisations (also acros

s borders)ploit the investment t

ongest term

Tools and applications

suited to speed up and

improve professional

tasks

Terminals able to work in

harsh environments

re the

estment

Users that take advantage of these technologies are spread over many sectors of both public services and private companies, thateed mobile communications to support their workforce

Air Interface

Encryption

End-to-EndEncryption

DuplexVoice

Full

DMO

Priority

IndividualEmergency

GroupStatus

Messaging

SDS

PacketMode

CircuitMode

bile ephony

Mobile Security

Mobile Mobile

TETRA unique feature set

Main features (1/2)

> Real open standard in digital mobile radio tailored for professional users

> Unlimited support to point-to multipoint (group) voice and datacommunications, with an extensive set of enhanced ancillary services

> Focus on communications between radio terminals and control room/dispatcher operators

> Direct mode of operation (DMO) in order to allow communications also in fringe or out of coverage areas and at times of capacity limitations

Main features (2/2)

> Multiple security schemes and algorithms> Voice and data capabilities with 4 TDMA channels in 25 kHz

channel spacing: concurrent voice and data; full-duplex voice call using simplex radios; net data rates up to 28.8 Kbit/s.

> Standard interfaces for data terminal connections (PEI) and for TETRA networks interconnection (ISI)

> Wide set of telephony and PMR supplementary services> Call Set Up Time: about 300 ms

TETRA services (1/4)

> Voice and data capabilities 4 traffic channels in one 25 kHz radio channel point-to-point and point-to-multi point concurrent voice and data full-duplex call using simplex radios fast call set-up

> Fully digital trunked (TMO) and direct (DMO) modes of operation: Dual watch Repeater Gateway

11

1) Basic

22

222) Repeater

3333

33

3) Dual Watch

4444

44

4) Gateway4) Gateway

Control Center

TETRA Direct Mode - Available terminals


Multiple security schemes & algorithms

> Authentication: of User / Terminal of the Infrastructure

> Encryption: Air Interface Encryption End-to-End Encryption

> Security Management> Disabling of stolen radios

Voice/data encryption

END-to-END Encryption AIR Interf. Encryption

Radio BaseStation

Radio BaseStation

Switching

Dispatcher

??????xyz

Authentication

portablesHandportables

Security


> Data rates up to 28.8 Kbit/s

> Data communications

Circuit Mode Data

Status/Short Data Service (SDS) real time

Packet Data

> Data rate suitable to support applications such as:

mobile localisation

file/image transfer

slow video

Access Priority Priority call (incl. Pre-emptive) Include call Late Entry Call authorised by Dispatcher Area selection Dynamic Group Number

assignment Discreet and Ambience

Listening Short Number Addressing Talking Party Identification

STD. Interfaces PMR Supplementary Services


> Air I/F > ISI> PEI> PABX (Digital/Analogue)> PSTN (Digital Analogue)> PDN (Industrial Standards)

PEIISDN

LAN/WAN

ISI

InternetPDN

PABX

PSTN

Network Interfaces

Virtual Private Networks (VPN)

> Possibility of sharing the same physical network among different organizations. Advantages are:

reduced costs for infrastructure; reduced cost for running the network.

> Each virtual network guarantees the complete independence to

Technology basics

OPERATIVE FREQUENCY:

MODULATION:

380400 MHz (10 MHz)410430 MHz (10 MHz)450470 MHz (10 MHz) 806870 MHz (45 MHz)870921 MHz (45 MHz)

25 kHz

Band and duplex spacing (Tx/Rx):

Carrier spacing:

P/4-DQPSK36 Kbit/s

28,8 Kbit/sMax data rate per carrier:

Type:

Gross bite rate per carrier:

System characteristics

Radio Access: Conventional Vs. Trunked

Conventional

> Channels are dedicated to specific services

> Uneven load distribution among channels

> Waste of spectrum resources

Trunked

> Channels are dynamically assigned to user requests

> Traffic load distributed among channels

> Optimal use of spectrum resources

Who are you ?

Advantages of digital systems

> Constant voice quality

> High speed data transmission

> Subscribers and network authentication

> High security ciphering

MOD.

COD.FILTER SAMPLE COMPR.MUX

CODEC (TX)

Transmissionchannel

(RF on air)

DEMOD.

DECOD.FILTER andPROCESSINGSPEAKER DECOMP.

MUX

CODEC (RX)

MICRO

Digital Radio System

FDMA TDMA

CH 2

CH 1 CCHH

11

CCHH

22

CCHH

33

CCHH

44

To To

25

12.5

Spectrum kHz

Time

Carrier 1

Carrier 2

Carrier 1

Bitrate on demand: TDMA and FDMA

Advantages of TDMA systems

> Bitrate on demand> Higher data rates> Simultaneous voice and data> Simplex terminals for duplex

communications> One TRX to manage four

traffic channels

24

1 multiframe = 18 TDMA frames ( = 1.02 s )

1 hyperframe = 60 multiframes ( = 61.2 s )

1 time slot = 510 modulation bits durations ( ~ 14.167 ms )

1 2 3 5095104

1 2 3 25541 2 3 2554 1 2

1 subslot = 255 modulation bits durations ( ~ 7.08 ms )

control frame

1 2 3 5 60

1 2 3 4 5 18

1 3 41 TDMA frame = 4 timeslots ( ~ 56.67 ms )

1 2 3 4 5 510509

Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA)

CASE 1:conventional analogue systems

1 channel in 25 kHz 1 channel in 25 kHz

Radio channel usage: conventional analogue

CASE 2: FDMA analogue and digital systems

1 channel 12,5 kHz 1 channel 12,5 kHz

Radio channel usage: FDMA

1 channel in 12,5 kHz 1 channel in 12,5 kHz

CASE 3: TETRA digital systems

Radio channel usage: TDMA

1 channel i

n 25 kHz 1 channel in 25 kHz

Technology comparison

Competitive prices Competitive quality Innovation Wide choice of solutions and applications

Trunked Digital TDMA based Richest set of services

Why TETRA instead of proprietary PMR technologies

> Interoperability> User requirements fulfillment> Future-proof technology

TSI STANDARD

STATE-OF-THE-ART STANDARD

PEN STANDARD

Real competition

> Currently there are: Approximately 12 independent TETRA infrastructure manufacturers Approximately 8 independent TETRA terminal manufacturers A huge number of independent application developers

These figures are constantly increasing

MPT1327TETRA TETRAPOL SmartZone EDACS

Access FDMATDMA

Radio channel bandwidth (kHz) 12,525

Traffic channels within 25 kHz 24

Defined by DTIETSI / EC Forum TETRAPOL MOTOROLA ERICSSON

Open/Proprietary Open Open Proprietary Proprietary Proprietary

Independent manufacturers roughly 151520 1 1 1

300 ms.Call set-up time 300ms. 1 sec.

Maximum data txrate (kbit/s) 2,428,8 7,2 7,5 9,6

Simultaneous voice and data YES NO

Digital/Analogue AnalogueDigital Digital Analogue/ DigitalAnalogue/

Digital

TETRA in comparison to other PMR systems

Why TETRA instead of public cellular networks

DISPATCHING ORIENTED Focus on communications

between radio terminals and control room operators

Very powerful set of supplementary services

SECURE COMMUNICATIONSWidest set of services: authentication encryption radio disabling ...

TRUNKED AND DIRECT MODE Basic Dual watch Repeater Gateway

GROUP COMMUNICATIONS Unlimited extension and

number of members Very powerful set of

supplementary services

Features

Group/Broadcast Call

Dynamic Group Number AssignmentCall authorized by dispatcher

Ambience and Discreet listeningAuthentication of the Infrastructure

End-to-end encryptionOTAR

Physical disabling of stolen radiosDirect Mode

DMO Gateway/RepeaterFast Call Set-up

Emergency calls (preemptive)Short Data ServicePacket Mode DataCircuit Mode Data

Concurrent Voice & DataBit rate on Demand

9

99999999999

9 (real time)9999

9 GSM-R with limitations

----------

9 GSM-R9

9 GPRS99

9 GPRS

-

---9------?99999

TETRAGSM / GSM-R

/ GPRS UMTS

TETRA in comparison to other public cellular networks

EDGE Handset 384 kb/s

UMTS Handset 384 kb/s

TETRA (Rel. 2) approx. 400 kb/s

0 100 200 300 400 2000 kb/s

Indoor Terminal 2 Mb/s

UMTS Vehicular 144 kb/s

GPRS 115 kb/s

TETRA (Rel. 1) 28.8 kb/s

How do speeds compare?

Some scenarios and applications

Some data transmission applications (1/2)

Automatic terminal localization> Using GPS receivers connected to TETRA terminals the

determination of the mobile position is carried out and transferred to the control room.

File transfer> Using the circuit or packet mode data transfer, it is possible to

transfer data from/to radio terminal (suitable equipped) to/fromproprietary database even external to the TETRA network.

Some data transmission applications (2/2)

Fax> This functionality is obtained through data transfer and

specialized gateways.

Image transmission / Slow video> The transmission of fixed (mugshot, building maps, ...) or slowly

changing images is possible using particular compression algorithms that allow the optimization of transmitted data amount and therefore channel load.

Base Station

Control Room

Car 1 for an accident at High Road old man with

broken leg ...

localiz

ation

localization

ency Vehicles

Voice

and d

ata se

nding Voice and data sending

Control room operator can simultaneously communicate with and localise the vehiclesMultiple channels allow multiple separated communications at the same time

Voice

and

dat

a se

ndin

g

Voice and data sending

Scenario

Scenario

> Patients medical data sending in electronic format, directly from the ambulance while going to the hospital

> Possibility of communicating with fixed telephony network or cellular network, for instance to put in touch ambulance operators with specialist doctors reachable at cellular phone

Control Room

Ambulance

EVENTEVENT

Specialist

Medical data

Scenario

> Suspect person is identified by means of personal data in his/her documents or with electronic fingerprint. Data are sent through radios for remote database research; if research is successful, complete data of suspect person (e.g. including mugshot) are sent back in real time to officers on the field.

INFO DATABASE

Fingerprint or Name

Complete personal data including

mugshot

Officer identifyingsuspect person

Scenario

> Possibility of communicating with fixed telephony network or cellular network, for instance Integrated Command and Control centre managing an operation can put officers in touch with calling citizen in order to allow direct information exchange when needed

Control Room

CitizenOfficer (e.g. looking for the

place where the interventionis required)

Scenario

Separate communications, simultaneous and independent, among different teams operating on the same intervention and/or in the same areaCo-ordinator can communicate with one team but he can be at any time alerted by another team and then change group communication

am 1

Communicationwith team 2

Team 1 requiringurgent communication!

Group call switch to team 1

increase the flow!...ention please!!!

OK team 1, report situation...

Scenario

At any given time, if the two teams need to work together, the two group communications can be merged in one thanks to groups patching

Coordinator

am 1

Dispatching station

Team 2, this is team 1 calling... OK team 1!!

> Communications are fully confidential, avoiding the risk of improper use of information by any unauthorised people (criminals, terrorists, hackers, hostile government agencies, press, )

Scenario

immediate interventionrequired at Blue Mountain..

Protection by encryption

Interceptionfailed!! Control Centre

OK, we are moving ..

DMO-GW

Scenario

When network coverage is not available (underground parking, tunnels, ), basic TETRA communication services are granted thanks to Direct Mode OperationAlso under those conditions it is possible for Control Centre or other users under the network coverage to communicate with users outside of the coverage thanks to special equipment called DM-Gateway

Network

Underground

PROTECTEDCONVOY

Scenario

> Multiple organisations can share the network and set-up integrated communications only when needed

> It is always supported the possibility to manage emergency scenarioswith emergency calls, using pre-emption and granting call set-up within very short time (300ms)

Ambulance

Urgent communication!

Redirect the convoy..

300 ms

Scenario

Data transmission is supported at bitrate up to 28.8Kbps, supporting a wide range of applications including image and video transmission

ontrol Room

Data transmissionOnboard camera

User-specific considerations

Special issues for Public Safety (1/4)

> Some specific requirements must be carefully considered when TETRA networks are going to be deployed for mission-critical use:

Reliable and Flexible network topology BS Fallback capability End-to-End encryption Direct Mode Gateway Data transmission (best bearer for service)


> Availability of radio communications for mission critical application must be granted at the largest extent

> In addition to redundant elements, networks must offer the highest level of flexibility in order to streamline the network design to offer the required reliability in any customer-specific condition

> Examples of these implementations are Self healing rings to connect Radio Base Stations Full network links redundancy Disaster recovery mechanisms for Switching Nodes and Network

Management System


Additional mechanisms are crucial to support as far as possible the availability of communication services

> Base Station Fallback operation: grants local communications under the BS coverage also when the

Switching Node is not available (due to backbone interruption or Switching Node failure)

is required to provide complete set of services (individual and group voice&data transmission, security features, ) and, if possible, connection to other alternative fixed networks

> Direct Mode Gateway terminals: provide a valuable improvement to the possibility of communicating as they

allow users to get in touch with the headquarter also when outside the network coverage


> Experiences world-wide confirm that Public Safety services efficiency is more and more dependent on the capability to manage data remotely, while moving.

> One of the most valuable benefits brought by TETRA is the capability to efficiently exchange INFORMATION (e.g. localisation, database interrogation, images and video, ) between officers on the field and headquarter.

> TETRA offers multiple mechanisms for data transmission and state-of-the-art performance (i.e. bitrate) in order to provide the best bearer for each application.

> It is crucial hence to rely on the largest set of data transmission features provided by TETRA.

The future

TETRA Release 2: some major objectives

> New 3G applications availability obtained thanks to Increased data transmission bandwidth

> Backward compatibility obtained thanks to Same frequency bands as TETRA Backward compatible air interface protocol

> Efficient interworking with 3G public networks obtained thanks to SIM and CODEC integration with UMTS

ETSI Project TETRA Release 2

3G Interworking

Long Range TETRA

Air IF Enhancement

TETRA SIM Evolution

High speed data

TETRA is future proof

End presentation

Tetra Introduction

Documents

tetra network

tetra adoption

tetra stakeholders

short tetra

tetra release

services of tetra

copyright selex communications

demanding users tetra