Technology, Robber Barons and immigrants, OH MY!

Technology, Robber Technology, Robber Barons and immigrants, Barons and immigrants,

OH MY!OH MY!

Review: Review:

Pacific Railway ActPacific Railway Act Morrill Land-Grant ActMorrill Land-Grant Act Homestead Act 1862Homestead Act 1862 ExodustersExodusters Sand Creek 1864Sand Creek 1864 Red Cloud War’sRed Cloud War’s Battle of the Little Big HornBattle of the Little Big Horn Ghost DanceGhost Dance Battle of Wounded KneeBattle of Wounded Knee AssimilationAssimilation Dawes ActDawes Act

The Master of Invention!The Master of Invention!

Thomas Edison Thomas Edison Light BulbLight Bulb PhonographPhonograph Motion PictureMotion Picture 1093 patents1093 patents

Edison's LabEdison's Lab

Advances in communicationsAdvances in communications

Telegraph- Telegraph- Perfected the telegraph Perfected the telegraph Morse CodeMorse Code Western Union (1870) Western Union (1870) 1900- 900,000 miles of wire 63 1900- 900,000 miles of wire 63

million messages million messages

Advances in technology Advances in technology

Telephone Telephone Alexander Graham Bell (Scottish Alexander Graham Bell (Scottish

immigrant) immigrant) Earliest line onlyEarliest line only

connected two linesconnected two linesCreated switchboardsCreated switchboards

1900 1.5 million 1900 1.5 million telephones in usetelephones in use

Transcontinental RailroadTranscontinental Railroad

At first, no standard rail gauge, At first, no standard rail gauge, short lines, no signals, costly short lines, no signals, costly delaysdelays

Expanded after Civil WarExpanded after Civil War Transcontinental Railroad Transcontinental Railroad

started in 1862started in 1862 funded by funded by government grants. (Central government grants. (Central Pacific and Union Pacific) Pacific and Union Pacific)

Most workers were immigrants Most workers were immigrants Two lines met in in Utah on Two lines met in in Utah on

May10,1869 (Promontory May10,1869 (Promontory Summit) Summit)

Drive the golden spikeDrive the golden spike Dirty, noisy but continued to Dirty, noisy but continued to

expanded and develop expanded and develop Developed schedules and Developed schedules and

standard timestandard time

Impact of the RailsImpact of the Rails

Faster and more practical Faster and more practical transportation transportation

Lower costs of production Lower costs of production Creation of a nation market Creation of a nation market Model for big business Model for big business Stimulation of other industries Stimulation of other industries

The Haves The Haves

Robber Barons/Captains of Robber Barons/Captains of Industry Industry

Robber Baron Robber Baron

Robber baronRobber baron - term revived in - term revived in the 19th century as a reference the 19th century as a reference to businessmen and bankers to businessmen and bankers who dominated their industries who dominated their industries and amassed huge personal and amassed huge personal fortunes, by pursuing various fortunes, by pursuing various anti-competitive or unfair anti-competitive or unfair business practices. business practices.

Captains of IndustryCaptains of Industry

Captains of Industry- Term Captains of Industry- Term originally used in the U.S. during originally used in the U.S. during the Industrial Revolution the Industrial Revolution describing a business leader describing a business leader whose means of amassing a whose means of amassing a personal fortune contributes personal fortune contributes positively to the country in some positively to the country in some way. way.

Why is this Era so important?Why is this Era so important?

Changed from a society based Changed from a society based on agriculture to a society based on agriculture to a society based on industryon industry

Captains of Industry vs Captains of Industry vs Robber BaronRobber Baron

J.P. MorganJ.P. Morgan Andrew CarnegieAndrew Carnegie John D. RockefellerJohn D. Rockefeller

J.P. Morgan (J.P. Morgan (April 17, 1837 – March 31, 1913April 17, 1837 – March 31, 1913))

John Pierpont MorganJohn Pierpont Morgan financier, banker, philanthropist, and art financier, banker, philanthropist, and art

collector collector Dominated corporate finance Dominated corporate finance Arranged merger to form General Arranged merger to form General

Electric. Electric. Financed the creation of the Federal Financed the creation of the Federal

Steel Company he merged several other Steel Company he merged several other steel and iron businesses to form the steel and iron businesses to form the United States Steel Corporation United States Steel Corporation

By 1901, he was one of the wealthiest By 1901, he was one of the wealthiest men in the worldmen in the world

Andrew CarnegieAndrew Carnegie ((November 25, 1835 – August 11, 1919November 25, 1835 – August 11, 1919)) Widely respected philanthropist, and Widely respected philanthropist, and

the founder of the Carnegie Steel the founder of the Carnegie Steel Company which later became U.S. Company which later became U.S. Steel. Steel.

Built one of the most powerful Built one of the most powerful corporations in United States history corporations in United States history

Gave away most of his riches to Gave away most of his riches to build libraries, schools, and build libraries, schools, and universities and worldwideuniversities and worldwide

John Rockefeller, Sr.John Rockefeller, Sr. ((July 8, 1839 – May 23, 1937July 8, 1839 – May 23, 1937) )

American industrialist and philanthropist. American industrialist and philanthropist. Revolutionized the oil industryRevolutionized the oil industry Believed his purpose in life was to make as Believed his purpose in life was to make as

much money as possible, and then use it much money as possible, and then use it wisely to improve the lot of mankind.wisely to improve the lot of mankind.

Rockefeller founded the Standard OilRockefeller founded the Standard Oil He became the world's richest man and He became the world's richest man and

first billionaire.first billionaire. Standard Oil was convicted in the Federal Standard Oil was convicted in the Federal

Court of monopolistic practices and broken Court of monopolistic practices and broken up in 1911.up in 1911.

The Box ScoresThe Box Scores Year Newspaper Carnegie RockefellerYear Newspaper Carnegie Rockefeller 1904 The Times of London $21 M $10 M1904 The Times of London $21 M $10 M 1910 The New York American $179 M $134 M1910 The New York American $179 M $134 M 1913 The New York Herald $332 M $175 M1913 The New York Herald $332 M $175 M

Sherman Anti-trust ActSherman Anti-trust Act

Was the first United States Was the first United States federal government action to federal government action to limit monopolies, and is the limit monopolies, and is the oldest of all U.S. antitrust laws oldest of all U.S. antitrust laws

The have-nots The have-nots

Immigration/laborImmigration/labor

ImmigrationImmigration

Came to the US in steamships, Came to the US in steamships, often in steerageoften in steerage

10 million between 1865-189010 million between 1865-1890 German, Irish, BritishGerman, Irish, British

10 Million between 1890 – 192010 Million between 1890 – 1920 Italians, Greeks, Slavs Italians, Greeks, Slavs

ImmigrationImmigration

70% came through NYC- Ellis 70% came through NYC- Ellis Island Island

Had to pass physical examsHad to pass physical exams Could be quarantined (TB)Could be quarantined (TB)

Literacy examsLiteracy exams

ImmigrantsImmigrants

Chinese Exclusion Act- Chinese Chinese Exclusion Act- Chinese labor used to build rail but Act labor used to build rail but Act prevented entry to establish prevented entry to establish residence in USresidence in US

Nativism- favoring native born Nativism- favoring native born Americans over immigrants Americans over immigrants

Child LaborChild Labor

As young as six years old worked up As young as six years old worked up to 19 hours a day, with a one-hour to 19 hours a day, with a one-hour total break. total break.

Horrible conditions. Large, heavy, Horrible conditions. Large, heavy, and dangerous equipment was very and dangerous equipment was very common for children to be using common for children to be using

Children were paid only a fraction of Children were paid only a fraction of what an adult what an adult

Orphans were the ones subject to Orphans were the ones subject to this slave-like labor. this slave-like labor.

Reformers Reformers

Reformers – built Settlement Reformers – built Settlement Houses (Houses (Hull house – Jane AdamsHull house – Jane Adams))

Reporters/Photographers- wrote Reporters/Photographers- wrote books like The Jungle which books like The Jungle which exposed the meat industry and exposed the meat industry and published photos published photos

Social reformers- preached Social reformers- preached temperance, staying away from temperance, staying away from vicevice

Tenements – low cost Tenements – low cost housing built to holdhousing built to hold as many people as many people as possible as possible

Turned area into slumsTurned area into slums