Document4 - fleckolddeadguys.yolasite.comfleckolddeadguys.yolasite.com/resources/Frontier & Industry LP.pdfFrontier & Industry (Cowboys, Indians & Robber Barons??) ... Explain how

Name _______________________ Period / # _____ Parent Signature_______________________ Objectives w/Vocabulary

Frontier & Industry (Cowboys, Indians & Robber Barons??) 8th Social Studies DUE DATE: ________________

1. Put a square around the word that describes the major reason railroads cam out west.

2. UNDERLINE why Promontory Point, Utah is a historic place?

3. Place a TRIANGLE around the product people in Texas shipped on the railroad.

4. List the 3 groups of people that all competed to use the Great Plains. Put a star next to the 2 groups below that lost the use of the Great Plains. Write ‘WINNER’ next to the group who used the Homestead Act to take control of the Great Plains.

_________________ _________________ _________________

5. What did the EAST have that the WEST did not? _____________________________________________

6. Define Robber Barron: ____________________________________________________________________

7. _____ What best describes the information provided in the reading? a. A look at the United States before the Civil War and why the Civil War hurt the United States. b. An explanation of how the west was won. c. A look at how the east and western United States were tied together through business and the

railroads that allowed the country to grow. d. An explanation of how eastern business grew..

Essential Question: What caused large movement of people and goods in the late 1800’s?

Vocabulary- 2pts. Each Promontory Pt., Utah* (p. 591)- Cowtown (p. 589)- Exodusters (p. 601)- Sodbusters* (p. 601)- Wounded Knee (p. 597)- Little Big Horn (Custer)* (p. 596)- Robber Barons - Assembly Line (1st to use it?) (p. 617)- Bessemer Process (p. 615)- Philanthropy* (p. 621)

INVENTIONS TIMELINE – 10pts. Directions: Using the timeline on U.S. pg. 616-617 list the invention and inventor for each of the following

(Small years only)

1850 1875 1900

INDUSTRIAL GIANTS Chart – 15pts. Directions: Complete the chart underneath each of the following three major industrialists. Use pg. 623

John D. Rockefeller Leland Stanford Andrew Carnegie Industry & Company Name: How He Monopolized: One Other Fact:

1854 1876 1893

1879

I. Railroad A. Miners look away from California 1. California gold strikes slow (started in 1849) 2. Colorado, Idaho, Nevada, Dakotas 3. Boom & Bust Towns B. Gold & Mines Bring Railroad West 1. The RAILROADS a. Government gives Money & Land (130 million acres) b. Transcontinental Railway *Union Pacific – West from Omaha, NE - African American & Irish Labor - Through flat plains and Rocky Mnts. *Central Pacific – East from Sacramento CA - Chinese Labor - Over Sierra Nevada Mountains ** Lines Meet at Promontory Point, UT – May 10, 1869** C. New Inventions Expand RxR *Standard Gauge (rail lines all the same size) *Air Brakes (travel safer) *Janney Car Couplers (all cars can be hooked and unhooked easily) D. Helps Economy *Raw Materials shipped from West to East *Finished Goods shipped from East to West. Ex. Takes lumber to factories & Factories ship finished furniture West *Companies can Mass Produce and ship large quantities on the train all over America COPY Caption on Map Pg. 590: ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________

1. T) Explain how Railroads changed America. A) What was the most important RxR built (when & by who)? B) What was happening out west that helped get the RxR built? C) Name 3 ways railroads improved between the 1860’s and 1900. D) Explain what cargo railroads shipped across the U.S. (U.S. Ch. 18 pgs. 586-592 & A.J. Ch. 18 pgs. 525-529 / Ch. 19 pgs. 551-554)

Differentiate btw the Union Pacific and Central Railway Union Central Pacific Pacific Provide examples of how the Railroads help the economy. Draw a symbol that represents an invention that helped the railroads improve.

2. T) Explain how the ‘Great Am. Desert’ became the ‘Great Plains / Bread Basket of America’. A) Describe the role and lifestyle of the two different groups of Americans who began to use the Plains first. B) Which one survived and why? C) Explain how farmers addressed the challenges they faced (U.S. Ch. 18 588-589, 600-603 & A.J. Ch. 18 pgs. 531-536, 544-547)

II. Explain how the ‘Great Am. Desert’ became the ‘Great Plains / Bread Basket of America’. A. CATTLE KINGDOM 1. Longhorn Cattle- Tons of cattle in TEXAS 2. Problem: How do you get the cattle to the people?? a. Big cities in the east ex. NY, Philly, Boston b. Solution: The Cattle Drive *Goal: Get TX. Cattle to railroads towns *WHO? – COWBOYS: Ex. Confederates, Ex Slaves, Young *Dangerous and Tiring: *Stampede *Indians * Rustlers *Weather *The Land 3. Cow Towns – Trails meet Rails a. End of cattle trails, cattle were sold and shipped (Abilene & Dodge City KS / Cheyenne, WY) -Rough Towns ** Cowboys + $ = Fun????????? B. Farmers on the Plains 1. Homestead Act (1862) a. 160 acres, $10 fee, work land for 5 years b. Brings settlers to the Plains c. Railroad and Steamship Companies advertise the free land in Europe and the East 2. Sodbusters & Homesteading a. Houses made of Sod (No Trees = No Timber) b. Dry farming *Wind Mills – Water *Light Steel Plows – Break Thru Sod *Barbed Wire – Keep Cattle Out of Fields (Uh, Oh! – Do Ranchers like this??) 3. The Grange & Populist a.Farmers have a tough time * Weather *Rail Monopolies * Crop Failures *Loneliness *Bank Debt b. The Grange – Support and Help *Cooperative buying (Costco style), helps against Railroads *Education (Library) & Social Events (Dances) 4. Farmers v. Cowboys a. Range Wars * Farmers putting up fences *Cowboys can’t get through to RxR b. Farmers Win *RxR come to Ranches (the South) & Too Many farmers

Identify and illustrate the 2 vocabulary words found in this objective.

List 3 Words that would correlate with the Plains when they were called the : ‘Great American Desert’ - - - ‘Great Plains/ Bread Basket’ - - -

III. Describe the struggle between Native Americans and white settlement on the Great Plains.   A.    Native  Americans  (Weren’t  we  here  1st?) 1. Life on the Plains (Nomadic) a. The Buffalo-uses *Most important food for Indians *Shelter–Clothes & Tipi from hide *Tools – made from Bone and Guts b. RxR & Government Kill Buffalo *1872 to 1875- 9 million killed, 800 in 1895 *Ruins lifestyle and culture of Native Am. B. Taking the land 1. Reservation Policy a. Keep Indians in limited areas b. U.S. Government would “Help” ** Three Promises--Three Lies 1. Provide Food and Supplies Lie- Poor Quality 2. Keep Settlers Out Lie- Whites get land 3. Provide Protection Lie: Army very “Mean” 2. The End of a Culture / DAWES ACT a. Make them White (Goal of Dawes Act) *Broke up reservations to make private land (Indians do not believe in land ownership) b. Make them farmers, like settlers 3. The Lost Fight a. The Ghost Dance *Nevada Indian Wovoka- prophet *Tells tribes to use this ceremony to call on the past greatness of the tribes (Ghosts of the past) **Whites & Gov’t scared to Death! b. Wounded Knee (The last massacre) **Sioux, led by Sitting Bull, gather to perform Ghost Dance **Whites frightened, and arrest Sitting Bull (Somehow shot during scuffle) ** Scared and angry Sioux gather at Wounded Knee, S.D. after shooting **Army opens fire with new machine gun on women and children who are starving and freezing

3. T) Describe the struggle between Native Americans and white settlement on the Great Plains. A) Explain the effect of killing the buffalo: B) Compare and Contrast Reservation Policy and the Dawes Act.

C) Identify and explain the importance of Wovoka: (U.S. Ch. 18 pgs. 593-599 & A.J. Ch. 18 pgs. 538-543)

Identify the 3 Lies/ Promises In the Reservation Policy 1. __________________

1. 2. __________________

2. 3. __________________ Illustrate the Dawes Act: Who are the Ghost Dancers asking for help? _______________

What does the above answer say about the desperate nature of their position?

IV. (Elaborate) Why do you think there was a rush of inventions in the late 1800’s? What new Inventions excited the public in the 1800’s and how were they used? A. Railroads Grow 1. New Inventions (3 You Already Have) 2. Consolidation -Big companies buy smaller companies -(ex. Today - American bought Reno Air) 3. Helps Economy (Merc . . .lism?????) -Take goods to and from the factories. - Companies Mass Produce and ship huge amounts B. Inventions Galore 1. Between 1860-1890 400,000 patents *Patent is an exclusive right to make or sell an invention *Telegraph / Telephone / Personal Camera/ Typewriter / Light Bulb / Affordable Car 2. Communications *Telegraph, Samuel Morse *1844 (1866- 1st cable across Atlantic) *Telephone, Alexander Graham Bell *1876 *500,000 sold by 1890’s

3.  Genius  of  Menlo  Park  –  Thomas  Edison         -­‐Created  the  1st    research  laboratory

          **1st  practical  Light  Bulb         -­‐Power  plants  (Run  new  Lights)

        -­‐Hired  other  to  research:  Lewis  Howard  Latimer     4.  Transportation       -­‐Ford,  begins  work  in  1890’s  –  Company  in1906       **Mass  production/Assembly  line:  reduced  cost       -­‐The  Airplane       *  Orville  and  Wilbur  Wright,  19033,  N.  Carolina

4. (Elaborate) T) Why do you think there was a rush of inventions in the late 1800’s? A) What new inventions excited the public in the 1800’s and how were they used? B) How did improvements to railroads affect the economy and transportation in the U.S.? C) What advances were made in communication and transportation? D) Evaluate the most important invention on page 616-617 (U.S. Ch. 19 pgs. 614-618 & A.J. Ch. 19 pgs. 556-559)

Consolidation is like a BIG Fish ______________ a Smaller Fish? Historical Math: Invention + __________________ = Making $$$$$ COPY ‘MAIN IDEAS’ Pg. 614 1. ________________ __________________ __________________

2. ________________ __________________ __________________

3. ________________ __________________ __________________ How did the Assembly Line change society?

V. Explain the differences between sole proprietorship, partnerships, and corporations in business. A. Big Business 1. The Major Players a. Railroads (we’ve already talked about) b. Steel Industry -Andrew Carnegie c. Oil Industry -John D. Rockefeller 2. Types of Business: a. Sole Proprietor (One person owner) Advantages- *All profits go to you ($) *You’re the only boss *Make all decisions Disadvantage- *You do everything *Responsibility * You pay all expenses *Company looses $ you do b. Partnership (2-3 people own company equally) Advantages- *1/2 work, time, expense Disadvantage- *1/2 profit *1/2 boos, must agree w/part. *Disagreements with Partners c. The Corporation 1. Need to raise money for expansion 2. Sell stocks in company to investors, raise “capital”(money) for expansion Advantage- *raises more $$ (capital) Disadvantage- *Stock holders have no direct say in company * receive dividends of profits if the company does well

5. T) Explain the differences between sole proprietorship, partnerships, and corporations in business. A) Give an advantage and disadvantage for each. B) What would you consider the best for running a company? Why? (U.S. Ch. 19 pgs. 619-620 & A.J. Ch. 19 pgs. 560-561)

Come up with a SIMILE for each type of business: “Like or As” Sole Proprietor: ________________________________________________ Partnership: ________________________________________________ Corporation: ________________________________________________ Draw a Symbol for “Capital” Which would you prefer to be in charge of? Why? ________________________________________________ ________________________________________________

VI. Explain how both Horizontal & Vertical Integration* were used to create trusts (Monopolies*). A. The growth of Monopolies: Expanding Power 1. Vertical Integration -Buy anything you use for your Business Ex. Carnegie (Steel) “From ground to Mill” - Mine (Owned Iron Ore & Coal Mines) - Shipping (Owned Ore Fleet in Great Lakes) -Some railways also - Steel Mills (Turn Ore to Steel) 2. Horizontal Integration - Buy interest in competitors companies, bring together in one Corporation Ex. – Rockefeller (Standard Oil) Company A + Company B + Standard Oil= MONOPOLY The Oil Industry- Standard Oil 1. Oil discovered in Penn. In 1859 -“Black Gold” 2. John D. Rockefeller - Created the Standard Oil Corporation **Becomes most dominant oil company in the U.S. – Controlled 95% of Refineries **CONTROL ALL ASPECTS OF YOUR BUSINESS!! 3. The TRUST (ex. Standard Oil Trust) **A group of Corporations governed by one Board Of Trustees 4. Public Reaction to Monopolies a. supporters- more efficient/ leads to reliable goods and services b. detractors: People tired of trusts: use unfair business tactics, leads to reduced competition, too muchPOWER (political???) -Sherman Anti-Trust Act (1890) **WEAK!! Fails to even define a “Trust”

6. T) Explain the goal of Horizontal & Vertical Integration* A) Name 3 businesses that grew with these practices and name their leaders. B) Name the first attempt to limit trusts. C) What were the major arguments for and against monopolies?

(U.S. Ch. 19 pgs. 619-623 & A.J. Ch. 19 pgs. 551-554, 560-564)

Define Monopoly using one word: Draw a symbol for both Vertical and Horizontal Integration that best represents each. Vertical Horizontal Historical Math: __________________ + __________________ = MONOPOLY

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Essential Question: What caused large movement of people and goods in the late 1800’s?

OBJ 1- Railroad OBJ #2- Great Plains

OB

J #5-

Bus

ines

s

OB

J #3-

Nat

ive

Am

eric

ans

OBJ #4- Inventions

CLAIM A simple statement that asserts a main point of an argument (a side)

Reason #1 Reason #2

REASON “because” part of an argument; the explanation for why a claim is made; links between the evidence and the claim

EVIDENCE Evidence: support for the reasoning in an argument; the “for example” aspect of an argument; The best evidence is text-based, reasonable, and reliable.

#1- ________________________ _________________________ Source: ___________________ ___________________ #2- ______________________ _________________________ Source: ___________________ ___________________ #3- ________________________ _________________________ Source: ___________________ ___________________

#1- ________________________ _________________________ Source: ___________________ ___________________ #2- ______________________ _________________________ Source: ___________________ ___________________ #3- ________________________ _________________________ Source: ___________________ ___________________

EVIDENCE

ELABORATION

EXAMPLES

EXPALNATION

Supporting Evidence

from Objectives

OB

J #5-

Rob

ber

Bar

ons