Technologies Facilitating Collectivization, Bulk Purchase of Inputs and Traceability Nagesh Kolagani
Technologies Facilitating Collectivization,
Bulk Purchase of Inputs and Traceability
Nagesh Kolagani
● MoRD (GoI) (2007-2010)
○ Koshy Varghese (CE), C. Lakshmana Rao (AM)
○ Public Participation Geographical Information Systems (PP-GIS)
● MoRD (GoI) (2012-16)
○ Koshy Varghese (CE), C. Lakshmana Rao (AM), KP Sudheer
(CE), Balaji Narasimhan (CE), Palaniappan Ramu (ED)
○ Mobile-and-Web PP-GIS; Participatory Modelling (PM)
○ PhD (2016)
■ Alumnus: BTech (1988)
● MHRD (GoI): SPARC (2019-21)
○ Co-PIs: Palaniappan Ramu (ED), Nagesh (IIIT Sri City)
○ Participatory Modelling (PM)2
IIT Madras: Projects
1. Public Participation Geographical Information Systems (PP-GIS)
(Kolagani and Ramu, 2016)
● Mapping: ‘A picture is worth a thousand words’
● Participation: ‘Increases people's sense of ownership’
1. Participatory Modelling (PM)
(Voinov et al., 2016): Voinov, A., Kolagani, N., McCall, M.K., Glynn, P.D., Kragt,
M.E., Ostermann, F.O., Pierce, S.A., Ramu, P., 2016. Modeling with stakeholders -
Next generation. Environmental Modeling & Software, 77, 196-220.
● Defining the problem
● Identifying its root causes
● Selecting the best solution, etc.
○ Case Study: Participatory Water Accounting
Technologies: PP-GIS and PM
3
Case Study: Participatory Water Accounting
Problem: Groundwater Overexploitation for Irrigated Agriculture
● World
○ ‘Throughout the world, regions that have sustainable
groundwater balance are shrinking by the day’ (IWMI, 2000)
● Africa
○ ‘Water scarcity...reach dangerously high levels by 2025’
(en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_scarcity_in_Africa)
4
Case Study: Participatory Water Accounting
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_scarcity_in_Africa
Over
5 years:
From
-15%
(Red)
To
-5%
(Green)
5
Case Study: Participatory Water Accounting
● Problem
○ “...India...overexploitation of...aquifers…
...African countries...avoid disasters before they occur…”
www.water-alternatives.org/index.php/blog/groundwater-africa
● Solution
○ Well inter-linking i.e. collectivization
6
Technologies
Case Study
IIT Madras
1. Rain Water Harvesting
2. Participatory Water Accounting
3. Public Participation GIS
References
Outline
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Solution: Rain Water Harvesting
● Farmers & Contractors: Build ‘Rain Water Harvesting’ systems
○ E.g. IWMP (GoI): Rs. 5,000 crores per year
■ Efficiency: ‘Sub-optimal’ (< 30% ?) 12
Stakeholder Participation Improves Efficiency
Overflow sluice for a tank that last
overflowed in 2001: By Government
Cattle pond on a rocky patch:
By stakeholders through donations
E.g. A low-cost structure built by farmers Filled with sand and water by first rains
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Captures local preferences: E.g. technical efficiency vs. social efficiency
Stakeholder Participation Improves Efficiency
A framework for participatory model calibration (Kolagani et al., 2015)
Stakeholder Participation Improves Efficiency
Participatory Water Accounting
● Recharge: Scale Needed for Ecological and Economic Viability:
E.g. Forest / Streams / Water body maintenance ⇒ Scale: ~Village
Until 1970s 1980s & 90s 2002 Profit-LossCalculations Water table
Participatory Water Accounting
● Discharge: Scale: Open wells (50’:1km2) vs. Tube wells (600’:9Km2):
Tube wells: Individualistic ⇒ Discharge >>
Recharge
Until 1970s 1980s & 90s 2002 Profit-LossCalculations Water table
Participatory Modelling: How to handle uncertainty?
Voinov, A., Kolagani, N.*, McCall, M.K., Glynn, P.D., Kragt, M.E., Ostermann, F.O., Pierce, S.A., Ramu,
P., 2016. Modeling with stakeholders-Next generation. Environmental Modeling & Software, 77, 196-220.
doi: 10.1016/j.envsoft.2015.11.016 (*Corresponding author)
…
⇒Need for tubewell inter-linking: Village-wide pipeline grid
○ Facilitates sharing/trading
⇒ Optimal utilization of groundwater
⇒ Investment generation for recharging
○ Requires effective communication between stakeholders
⇒ Need for technologies for better understanding & comn.
Participatory Water Accounting
● Improves visualisation, understanding and participation
○ E.g. Farmers can quickly learn and use Google Earth for
participatory planning of their village development activities
PP-GIS
Participatory GIS
Crowd sourcing from school children Visualisatio
n
Set up a national portal: Open data
Kolagani, N., Ramu, P., 2017. A participatory framework for developing public participation GIS solutions to
improve resource management systems. International Journal of Geographical Information Science [IF:
2.065], 31(3), 463-480. doi: 10.1080/13658816.2016.1206202
PP-GIS: Participatory Framework for its Development
• Start with India map
• Zoom to any village and view its wells
• When a well is clicked:
• Show its data
• Credits: Names & photos of: Student(s), Teacher, HM, School
PP-GIS: Set up a national portal: ‘Open data'
3
8
Hands-on, five-day workshops (9 nos. during 2007-16)
IIT Madras: Village GIS Training Workshops
https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1nytes8MePicLeR-AJXEXbuyK8kQtLvYN?usp=sharing
3
9
In collaboration with local NGOs: E.g. WASSAN (AP state)
IIT Madras: Village GIS Training Workshops
40
With schools of agriculture @ rural universities: E.g. Centurion (OD state)
IIT Madras: Village GIS Training Workshops
IIT Madras: Village GIS Training Workshops
41
Started https://participatorymodeling.org/: Intl. audience: Online + Offline
References
● Gray, S., Voinov, A., Paolisso, M., Jordan, R., BenDor, T., Bommel, P., Glynn, P., Hedelin, B.,
Hubacek, K., Introne, J., Kolagani, N., Laursen, B., Prell, C., Schmitt-Olabisi, L., Singer, A.,
Sterling, E., Zellner, M., 2018. Purpose, Processes, Partnerships, and Products: 4Ps to advance
Participatory Socio-Environmental Modeling. Ecological Applications, 28(1), 46-61.
● IWMI, 2000: Tushaar Shah, David Molden, R. Sakthivadivel, David Seckler, “The Global
Groundwater Situation: Overview of Opportunities and Challenges"
(https://publications.iwmi.org/pdf/H025885.pdf)
● Kolagani, N., Ramu, P., Varghese, K., 2015. Participatory Model Calibration for Improving
Resource Management Systems: Case Study of Rainwater Harvesting in an Indian Village. JAWRA
Journal of the American Water Resources Association, 51(6), 1708-1721.
● Kolagani, N., Ramu, P., 2017. A participatory framework for developing public participation GIS
solutions to improve resource management systems. International Journal of Geographical
Information Science, 31(3), 463-480.
● Voinov, A., Kolagani, N., McCall, M.K., Glynn, P.D., Kragt, M.E., Ostermann, F.O., Pierce, S.A.,
Ramu, P., 2016. Modeling with stakeholders-Next generation. Environmental Modeling & Software,
77, 196-220. doi: 10.1016/j.envsoft.2015.11.016
● Voinov, A., Jenni, K., Gray, S., Kolagani, N., Glynn, P. D., Bommel, P., Prell, C., Zellner, M.,
Paolisso, M., Jordan, R., Sterling, E., Olabisi, L. S., Giabbanelli, P. J., Sun, Z., Page, C. L., Elsawah,
S., BenDor, T. D., Hubacek, K., Laursen, B. K., Jetter, A., Carrera, L. B., Singer, A., Young, L.,
Brunacini, J., 2018. Tools and methods in participatory modeling: selecting the right tool for the job.
Environmental Modelling & Software, 109:232-255.42