THE STALIN REVOLUTION
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THE STALIN REVOLUTION
THE STALIN REVOLUTION
“Revolution from Above”
Full-scale rapid industrialization
Collectivization of agriculture
Cultural revolution
Political centralization
Terror
Cult of personality
THE STALIN REVOLUTION
INDUSTRIALIZATION
FIRST FIVE-YEAR PLAN (1929-1932)
centralized planning: GOSPLAN
emphasis on heavy industry
unrealistic quotas
THE STALIN REVOLUTION
INDUSTRIALIZATION
SECOND FIVE-YEAR PLAN (1933-1937)
more realistic goals
emphasis on productivity
introduced socialist competition
• STAKHANOVITE movement
THE STALIN REVOLUTION
INDUSTRIALIZATION
Effects of Five-Year Plans
Growth of proletariat
New working conditions
New elites: NOMENKLATURA
New revolutionary ethos
Growth of cities
THE STALIN REVOLUTION
INDUSTRIALIZATION
Assessments of Five-Year Plans
POSITIVE
• successful industrialization
• modernization & technological advances
• made USSR great power
Dniepr River Hydroelectric Dam
THE STALIN REVOLUTION
INDUSTRIALIZATION
Assessments of Five-Year Plans
NEGATIVE
• unrealistic goals unmet
• serious imbalances in economy
• much waste, environmental damage
• forced labor, high human cost
THE STALIN REVOLUTION
COLLECTIVIZATION
Agricultural component of Five-Year Plans
Modernization of agriculture
“Off to collective work”
End of private farming, NEP measures
THE STALIN REVOLUTION
COLLECTIVIZATION
Imposed from outside & above
Created kolkhozes & sovkhozes
"Don't forget about maternity assistance and consultation in
kolkhozes and sovkhozes."
THE STALIN REVOLUTION
COLLECTIVIZATION
Imposed from outside & above
Created kolkhozes & sovkhozes
Much peasant resistance De-kulakization campaign
"We will liquidate the kulaks as a class"
"All to the struggle against the wreckers of agriculture."
THE STALIN REVOLUTION
COLLECTIVIZATION
“Dizzy with Success”
government slows process
allows small private plots
THE STALIN REVOLUTION
COLLECTIVIZATION
Famine, 1932-1933
Ukrainian “Holodomor”
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